Patent Application
20170297080
The present invention relates to a ring molded article manufacturing, method is which forging is used.
For example, in an engine used for an aircraft or the like, a plurality of turbine disks are arranged side by side such that their center axes are positioned along one another, and a plurality of turbine blades are attached to each turbine disk so as to be apart from one another in a direction of a circumference of each turbine disk. In particular, in an engine used in an aircraft, high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, which is generated inside the engine, flows in a direction of the center axes from a front stage side of the turbine disks toward a rear stage side thereof, on peripheral portions of the turbine disks, and thus, the turbine disks, together with the turbine blades, rotate at a high speed around their center axes. The driving force generated by this rotation is transmitted to a compressor and fans which are located on the front stage side of the turbine disks in the direction of the center axes, and compressed air necessary for continuous combustion of the gas and propulsion are thus obtained.
Generally, a turbine disk is produced by an operation in which a molding article formed in a substantially ring-like shape (hereinafter referred to as a “ring molded article”), is subjected to cutting or the like. In this ring molded article, typically, convex portions respectively protrude on both sides of the ring molded article in a direction of a center axis thereof, and furthermore, the convex portions extend in a direction of a circumference of the ring molded article.
An outer periphery of the turbine disk is exposed to combustion gas, and a temperature thereat becomes as high as approximately 600 degrees C. to 700 degrees C. Meanwhile, a temperature at an inner periphery thereof is lower than that at the outer periphery. Thermal stress is generated in an inside of this turbine disk because the engine is repeatedly started and stopped. Therefore, it is desired for the turbine disk to have excellent low cycle fatigue characteristics. Furthermore, centrifugal force is applied to the outer periphery of the turbine disk according to a high-speed rotation around the axis thereof at high temperatures. Therefore, it is desired for the turbine disk to further have a high creep strength characteristic. In addition, it is desired for the turbine disk to have a high tensile strength and a high yield strength. Therefore, it is desired for the ring molded article used in the turbine disks, to have a sufficiently high mechanical strength appropriate for the above desires.
Accordingly, in an example of a ring molded article manufacturing method, the following is performed to secure mechanical strengths of a ring molded article. A cylindrical billet is processed by first forging so as to be pressed by two molds from a direction of a center axis of the billet, and a first forged article which is formed in a disc-like shape, is thus produced. The first forged article is drilled such that a through hole in an axial direction of the forged article is formed, and a drilled article is thus produced. The drilled article is processed by ring rolling, and a material which is formed in a substantially ring-like shape (hereinafter referred to as a “ring material”), is thus produced. Next, the ring material is placed inside the two molds on which concave portions corresponding to the convex portions of the ring molded article are formed respectively, and the ring material is then subjected to second forging so as to be sandwiched and pressed between the two molds. In the second forging process, the ring material in the form of fluid fills in the concave portions of the two molds to form the convex portions of the ring molded article, and the ring molded article is thus obtained (for example, see Patent Literatures 1 and 2). In the second forging, strain is imparted to the ring molded article, the crystal grains which form the ring molded article, are thus refined, and thereby, mechanical strengths, such as a tensile strength and a fatigue strength, can be in particular improved. For equipment used for the second forging, a hydraulic-control forging press machine which can strictly control a speed of the forging, has often been used. In addition, the ring molded articles produced by the example of the above manufacturing method, have often been used for producing large turbine disks.
Patent Literature 1: JP S52-131967 A
Patent Literature 2: JP 2011-079043 A
However, in the above example of the ring molded article manufacturing method, it is necessary to remove a large amount of the material of the first forged article to form a through hole in the first forged article which is formed in a cylindrical shape. This causes a problem in a view of efficiently producing the ring molded article.
In addition, regarding the second forging process, it becomes difficult to impart strain to a surface region of the ring material which is in contact with the molds, particularly in an initial stage of the second forging, because the material adheres to the molds. Furthermore, in the second forging process, a temperature of the surface region of the ring material which is in contact with the molds, is decreased in comparison with a temperature of a central region of the ring material according to influence from heat release to the mold which is primarily made of a metal. According to these factors, a region of the ring molded article corresponding to the surface region which is in contact with the mold particularly at the initial stage of the second forging, may have a rough structure in comparison with the structure of the central region of the ring molded article, and thus, it becomes difficult for this region to obtain desired mechanical characteristics. The above region is known as a “dead metal” region. It is desired to avoid this dead metal remaining in a region of the ring molded article which is used as a turbine disk (hereinafter referred to as a “turbine disk region”). To prevent the turbine disk region from including the dead metal region, an excess portion of the ring molded article is previously provided such that a thickness thereof is increased, and the excess portion is then removed by a cutting after the second forging.
However, in the above example of the ring molded article manufacturing method, at start of the second forging and at the initial stage of the second forging, the ring material, which is placed inside the two molds, is in contact with an entirety of regions which range from an opening of the concave portion of the mold to both inner peripheral and outer peripheral sides of the concave portion, respectively. As a result, it becomes difficult to impart strain to a wide range of the surface region of the ring material, a temperature in a wide range of the surface region of the ring material may easily decrease, and thus, the dead metal regions may be increased in the ring molded article which is produced in the above manner. It is necessary to increase an amount of the excess portions of the ring molded article corresponding to the dead metal regions and then remove large amounts of excess portions. Accordingly, it is desired to provide near-net-shape forging in which the dead metal regions can be reduced so that the excess portions can be reduced.
Furthermore, in the above example of the ring molded article manufacturing method, it is difficult for the ring material in the form of fluid to fill an inside of the concave portion of the mold in the second forging process, if the two convex portions of the ring molded article to be produced, are offset relative to each other in a radial direction of the ring molded article. As a result, it becomes difficult to form the convex portions of the ring molded article, it becomes difficult to produce the ring molded article, and thus, a problem arises.
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ring molded article manufacturing method capable of reliably and efficiently producing a ring molded article in which dead metal regions are reduced.
To solve the above-described problem, according to a ring molded article manufacturing method is an aspect of the present invention, the method includes a step of performing first forging on a material such that the material is formed in a shape including a bottom which is formed in a disk shape, and a peripheral wall which is inclined to a direction from a center of the bottom toward an outer periphery thereof, in a direction from an outer periphery of the bottom toward one side in a direction of a center axis of the bottom, a step of drilling the bottom of a first forged article obtained by the step of performing the first forging, a step of ring-rolling a drilled article obtained by the step of drilling, and a step of producing a ring molded article in which a ring material obtained by the step of ring-rolling, is placed inside two molds, the ring material is then processed by second forging so as to be pressed by the two molds in a direction of a center axis of the ring material, and the ring molded article is thus produced.
According to the ting molded article manufacturing method in an aspect of the present invention, the ring molded article in which dead metal regions are reduced, can be reliably and efficiently produced.
A method for manufacturing a ring molded article according to First to Third Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to
A ring molded article produced by a manufacturing method according to the First Embodiment of the present invention will be described below. A ring molded article is used for producing a turbine disk in an engine for an aircraft or the like. Furthermore, the turbine disk is produced by an operation in which a ring molded article after molding is processed by heat treatment, an operation in which an excess portion of a ring molded article is removed, and the like. Typically, a ring molded article is made of metals, and in the present Embodiment, a ring molded article is produced of Ni-base alloy718. However, the present invention is not limited to this. More specifically, any metal which enables manufacturing of a ring molded article having high strength at high temperatures, can be used. As an example, a ring molded article may be produced by using a Ni-base alloy, a Fe-base alloy, a Co-base alloy, or the like which has high strength at high temperatures.
As shown in
An outline of the above method for manufacturing the ring molded article 1 will be described with reference to
Details of each step in the method for manufacturing the ring molded article 1 will be described below.
Details of the rough forging step S1 will be described below. As shown in
As shown in
Details of the drilling step S2 will be described below. The rough-forged article 3 is processed by drilling, such as punching out with press working, cutting with a water cutter, or the like, such that the bottom 3b of the rough-forged article 3 shown in
The ring rolling step S3 will be described below. In the ring rolling step S3, as an example, a ring rolling apparatus 11 shown in
In the ring rolling step S3 in which the above ring rolling apparatus 11 is used, first, the drilled article 4 is charged into the ring rolling apparatus 11. As an example, if the drilled article 4 is to be produced by using Ni-base alloy718, it is preferable that a heating temperature for the drilled article 4 to be charged into the ring rolling apparatus 11, be in a range of 900 degrees C. to 1050 degrees C. However, the present invention is not limited to this. More specifically, if the drilled article 4 is to be produced by using a metal other than Ni-base alloy718, the heating temperature may be set so as to be adapted to ring rolling performed on the above drilled article 4. The outer peripheral surface of the main roll 12 is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the drilled article 4, the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel roll 13 is brought into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the drilled article 4, and furthermore, the outer peripheral surfaces of the axial roll pair 14, 15 are respectively brought into contact with both surfaces of the drilled article 4 in the center axis direction thereof. While the main roll 12 and the mandrel roll 13 are turned around the rotational axis 12a, 13a, respectively, the main roll 12 and the mandrel roll 13 sandwich and press the drilled article 4 in a radial direction of the drilled article 4. In addition, while the axial rollers 14, 15 are turned around the rotational axis 14a, 15a, respectively, the pair of axial rolls 14, 15 sandwich and press the drilled article 4 in the center axis direction of the drilled article 4. As a result, the ring-rolled article 5 is produced.
The ring-rolled article 5 is formed so as to be shaped in a substantially ring-like shape around a center axis 5a of the ring-rolled article 5, and a half section of the ring-rolled article 5 is formed so as to be inclined. More specifically, as shown in
In addition, as an example, the outer peripheral surface of the ring-rolled article 5 may be formed in a substantially arc-like shape which protrudes from the inner periphery of the ring-rolled article 5 toward the outer periphery thereof. Furthermore, to form the outer peripheral surface of the ring-rolled article 5 which is formed in the substantially arc-like shape, the outer peripheral surface of the main roll 12 may be formed in a substantially arc-like shape which recesses from the inner periphery of the ring-rolled article 5 toward outer periphery thereof so as to correspond to the outer peripheral surface of the ring-rolled article 5. The inner peripheral surface of the ring-rolled article 5 may be formed in a substantially arc-like shape which protrudes from the outer periphery of the ring-rolled article 5 to the inner periphery thereof. Furthermore, to form the inner peripheral surface of the ring-rolled article 5 which is formed in the above-described substantially arc-like shape, the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel roll 13 may be formed in a substantially arc-like shape which recesses from the outer periphery of the ring-rolled article 5 to the inner periphery thereof so as to correspond to the inner peripheral surface of the ring-rolled article 5.
The finishing forging step S4 will be described below. In the finishing forging step S4, a one side mold 16 and an another side mold 17, shown in
In the finishing forging step S4, the ring-rolled article 5 is placed in the above two molds 16, 17, and then, the ring-rolled article 5 is sandwiched and pressed by the two molds 16, 17 in a center axis division of the ring-rolled article 5. As an example, if the ring-rolled article 5 is produced by using Ni-base alloy718, it is preferable that a heating temperature for the ring-rolled article 5 placed in the two molds 16, 17 be in a range of 900 degrees C. to 1050 degrees C. However, the present invention is not limited to this. More specifically, if the ring-rolled article 5 is produced of a metal other than Ni-base alloy718, the heating temperature may be set to a temperature adapted to the finishing forging performed on the ring-rolled article 5.
In conditions in which the above ring-rolled article 5 is arranged, the ring-rolled article 5 is supported by a region which is located on the outer peripheral side from an outer peripheral side corner 16c in a concave portion 16a of the one side mold 16 (this region will be hereafter be referred to as an “outer peripheral side supporting region”), and a region which is located on the inner peripheral side from an inner peripheral side corner 17c in a concave portion 17a of the another side mold 17 (this region will he hereafter referred to as an “inner peripheral side supporting region”) Note that the above expression “outer peripheral side corner 16c in the concave portion 16a” indicates a corner located between an outer peripheral surface 16a1 in the concave portion 16a of the one side mold 16 and an outer peripheral side bottom surface 16b1 in the opening side concave portion 16b thereof, and the above expression “inner peripheral side corner 17c in the concave portion 17a” indicates a corner located between an inner peripheral surface 17a1 in the concave portion 17a of the another side mold 17 and an inner peripheral side bottom surface 17b1 in the opening side concave portion 17b thereof. Furthermore, it is preferable that the ring-rolled article 5 be arranged so as to be apart from regions other than the outer peripheral side supporting region of the one side mold 16 and the inner peripheral side supporting region of the another side mold 17. In other words, both ends of the ring-rolled article 5 in a direction of the inclined straight line 5g are in contact with the two molds 16, 17, respectively, and the ring-rolled article 5 is restricted by the two molds 16, 17 in the center axis direction of the ring-rolled article 5 and in the radial direction of the ring-rolled article 5.
In particular, in the present Embodiment, as shown in
Furthermore, in the finishing forging, the ring-rolled article 5 in the form of fluid fills the concave portion 16a and the opening side concave portion 16b of the one side mold 16 and the concave portion 17a and the opening side concave portion 17b of the another side mold 17. As a result, the ring molded article 1 is produced.
According to the above method for manufacturing the ring molded article 1 in the present Embodiment, the billet 2 is processed by the rough forging so as to be formed in a shape including the bottom 3b which is farmed in the substantially cylindrical shape, and the peripheral wall 3c which is inclined to the direction from the center of the bottom 3b toward the outer periphery thereof, in the direction from the outer periphery of the bottom 3b toward the one side in the direction of the center axis of the bottom 3b, the rough-forged article 3 is thus produced, and the bottom 3b of the rough-forged article 3 is drilled. Furthermore, the ring-rolled article 5 is placed in the two molds 16, 17 on which the concave portions 16a, 17a respectively corresponding to the convex portions 1c, 1d of the ring molded article 1, the ring-rolled article 5 is then processed by the finishing forging so that the ring-rolled article 5 is pressed by the two molds 16, 17 in the direction of the center axis of the ring-rolled article 5, and the ring molded article 1 is thus produced. In particular, in the finishing forging step S4, when placing the ring-rolled article 5 in the two molds 16, 17, the ring-rolled article 5 is supported by the outer periphery side supporting region of the one side mold 16 and the inner peripheral side supporting region of the another side mold 17, and furthermore, the ring-rolled article 5 is arranged so as to be apart from the regions other than the outer periphery side supporting region of the one side mold 16 and the inner peripheral side supporting region of the other side mold 17. An outer peripheral shape of the rough-forged article 3 is tapered from a top thereof to the bottom 3b thereof, and dimension area of the bottom 3b can be reduced. As a result, an amount of the bottom 3b to be removed in the drilling step S2 can be reduced. Accordingly, the ring molded article 1 can be efficiently produced. In addition, in the finishing forging step S4, the contact area between the ring-rolled article 5 and the two molds 16, 17 can be reduced, and as a result, regions that the material of the ring-rolled article 5 adhere to the two molds 16, 17, can be reduced at the start of the finishing forging and the initial stage of the finishing forging, and thus, sufficient strain can be imparted to the ring molded article 1 to be produced. In addition, it can be prevented that the temperature of the surface regions of the ring-rolled article 5 is reduced according to heat release to the two molds 16, 17, and thus, it can be prevented that crystals of metal structure in the surface regions of the produced ring molded article 1 is coarsened. Accordingly, the ring molded article 1 in which dead metal regions are reduced, can be reliably and efficiently produced. In addition, the excess portions of the ring molded article 1 which is provided in correspondence with the dead metal regions, can be reduced, and thus, near-net-shape forging can be implemented. Furthermore, even if the one side convex portion 1c and the another side convex portion 1d of the ring molded article 1 are offset relative to each other in the radial direction of the ring molded article 1, the ring-rolled article 5 in the form of fluid securely fills into the concave portions 16a, 17a of the two melds 16, 17, and thus, the two convex portions 1c, 1d of the ring molded article 1 can be securely formed.
According to the method for manufacturing the ring molded article 1 in the present Embodiment, the inclination angle •1 of the one half section of the peripheral wall 3e is within the range of 7 degrees to 40 degrees. Accordingly, since the inclination angle •1 is 7 degrees or more, in the finishing forging step S4, buckling of the ring-rolled article 5 can be prevented. Furthermore, since the inclination angle •1 is 40 degrees or less, the size of the rough-forged article 3 can be reduced, and furthermore, in the finishing forging step S4, a phenomenon in which a desired shape cannot be obtained according to unstable finishing forging caused by turning of the ring-rolled article 5 (this phenomenon will hereafter be referred to as “phenomenon of turning of the ring-rolled article 5”), can be prevented. Accordingly, the ring molded article 1 in which the dead metal regions are reduced, can be reliably and efficiently produced.
According to the method for manufacturing the ring molded article 1 in the present Embodiment, the inclination angle •2 of the ring-rolled article 5 which is placed in the two molds 16, 17, is within the range of 7 degrees to 40 degrees, at the start of the finishing forging and the initial stage of the finishing forging. Accordingly, since the inclination angle •2 is 7 degrees or more, in the finishing forging step S4, buckling of the ring-rolled article 5 can be prevented. Furthermore, since the inclination angle •2 is 40 degrees or less, the phenomenon of turning of the ring-rolled article 5 can be prevented. Accordingly, the ring molded article 1 in which the dead metal regions are reduced, can be reliably and efficiently produced.
A method for manufacturing a ring molded article according to a Second Embodiment of the present invention will be described. Basic features of the ring material used for manufacturing the ring molded article according to the present Embodiment are substantially the same as those of the First Embodiment described above. However, the method for manufacturing the ring molded article according to the present Embodiment is different from the method of the First Embodiment in the following.
Although not shown in the drawing, in the ring-rolled article configured as the ring material, a recess section is formed so as to correspond to the outer peripheral side corner of the concave portion in the one side mold. As an example, the recess section may be formed by machine working, such as cutting, press working, or the like, after the ring rolling. In the finishing forging step, this ring-rolled article is supported by the outer peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the one side mold which engages the recess section, and also supported by the inner peripheral side bottom surface and the inner peripheral surface in the opening side concave portion of the another side mold. Furthermore, it is preferable that the ring-rolled article be arranged so as to be apart from regions other than the outer peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the one side mold and the inner peripheral side bottom surface and the inner peripheral surface in the opening side concave portion of the another side mold.
According to the above method for manufacturing the ring molded article in the present Embodiment, in addition to the advantageous effects obtained by the First Embodiment, the following advantageous effects can be obtained. That is to say, since the recess section of the ring-rolled article engages the outer peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the one side mold, the ring-rolled article can be stably supported inside the two molds. Accordingly, the ring-rolled article in which the dead metal regions are reduced can be reliably and efficiently produced.
A method for manufacturing a ring molded article according to a Third Embodiment of the present invention will be described. Basic features of the method for manufacturing the ring molded article are substantially the same as those of the First Embodiment described above. However, the method for manufacturing the ring molded article according to the present Embodiment is different from the method of the First Embodiment in the following.
Although not shown in the drawing, in the ring-rolled article configured as the ring material, recess sections are formed which respectively correspond to an outer peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the one side mold and to an inner peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the another side mold. As an example, the recess sections may be formed by machine working, such as cutting, press working, or the like, after the ring rolling. In the finishing forging step, this ring-rolled article is supported by the outer peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the one side mold which engages the corresponding recess section of the two recess sections, and also supported by the inner peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the another side mold. Furthermore, it is preferable that the ring-rolled article be arranged so as to be apart from regions other than the outer peripheral side corner in the concave portion of the one side mold and the inner peripheral side corner in the opening side concave portion of the another side mold.
According to the above method for manufacturing the ring molded article in the present Embodiment, in addition to the advantageous effects obtained by the First Embodiment, the following advantageous effects can be obtained. That is to say, since the recess sections of the ring-rolled article engage the outer peripheral side corner in the concave potions of the one side mold and the inner peripheral side corner in the concave potions of the another side mold respectively, the ring-rolled article can be stably supported inside the two molds. Accordingly, the ring-rolled article in which the dead metal regions are reduced can be reliably and efficiently produced.
The Embodiments of the present invention are as described above; however, the present invention is not limited to them. More specifically, the present invention can be implemented by various modifications and alterations based on the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, as a modification of the present invention, the following feature may be employed. That is to say, in this feature, if the concave portions 16a, 17a of the two molds 16, 17 which are used in the finishing forging step S4, are offset in the radial direction of the ring molded article 1 so as to correspond to the one side convex portion 1c and the another side convex portion 1d in the ring molded article 1 which are offset in the radial direction, the ring-rolled article 5 can be supported in a condition in which the one half section of the ring-rolled article 5 is not inclined, i.e., in a condition in which the inclination angle •2 for the one half section is 0 degrees. In this feature, for example, the one half section of the ring-rolled article 5 may be formed in a substantially rectangular shape, and furthermore, an amount of offset between the concave portions 16a, 17a of the two molds 16, 17 in the radial direction of the ring-rolled article 5 may be less than a thickness of the one side surface in the radial direction of the ring-rolled article 5. In this feature, the ring-rolled article 5 can be supported by the outer peripheral side supporting region of the one side mold 16 and the inner peripheral side sup porting region of the another side mold 17. If the above feature is employed, the forging can be implemented such that the phenomenon of dead metal is suppressed. However, in view of stable arrangement of the ring-rolled article 5 and freedom of shape of the ring-rolled article 5, it is preferable to employ the feature in which the one half section of the ring-rolled article is inclined.
An EXAMPLE of the present invention will be described. In the present EXAMPLE, the ring molded article 1 to be produced has dimensions with a maximum outer diameter of 1090 mm, a maximum thickness in the radial direction of 120 mm, and a maximum height in the direction of the center axis of 110 mm. In the finishing forging step S4 used for producing this ring molded article 1, the finishing forging step S4 is performed in a plurality of arrangement conditions, respectively, in which the inclination angle •2 for the inclined one half section of the ring-rolled article 5 is set at 5 degrees, 7 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, or 50 degrees. In the forging step for each arrangement condition, it is examined whether buckling of the ring-rolled article 5 occurs. In addition, in the forging step for each arrangement condition, it is examined whether the phenomenon of turning of the ring-rolled article 5 occurs.
As a result of the above examination, in a ease in which the inclination angle •2 is 5 degrees, buckling of the ring-rolled article 5 occurs. In each of eases in which the inclination angles •2 are 45 degrees and 50 degrees respectively, the phenomenon of turning of the ring-rolled article 5 occurs. On the other hand, in each of cases in which the inclination angles •2 are 7 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, and 40 degrees, respectively, the ring molded article 1 in which dead metal regions are reduced, can be reliably and efficiently produced. In each of cases in which the inclination angles •2 are 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 25 degrees respectively, in particular, the ring molded article 1 in which strain appropriate for applying to a material of aircraft turbine disks is sufficiently imparted and the dead metal regions are reduced, can be more reliably and more efficiently produced.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-177026 | Sep 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/074182 | 8/27/2015 | WO | 00 |
