Patent Application
20120243947
The present application claims priority to German Patent Application DE 10 2011 005 855.9, filed Mar. 21, 2011, and entitled “Gesteinsanker” (“Rock Anchor Bolt”), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present invention generally relates to a system with a rock anchor bolt and a device for moving the rock anchor bolt.
Rock anchor bolts are used in the mining industry and for tunnel construction to prevent or slow mountain movements of the bedrock or to secure major chipping of bedrock and hence allow a risk-free operation. Two principles have been disclosed for this purpose, which are in part also combined. With mechanical systems, the anchor is braced friction-tight, whereby mechanical rock or stone anchor bolts generally also comprise an expansion bolt. For chemical rock anchor bolts, anchor tubes are bonded with the subsoil or the bedrock using curing mortar or synthetic resin used as fixation substance. In doing so, the rock anchor bolts are installed in the bedrock with or without pre-stress. In contrast to tunnel construction, rock anchor bolts used in the mining industry, e.g. for underground coal mining, are only used to temporarily secure the rock, because the temporarily secured rock is generally extracted during a subsequent work step and hence the rock anchor bolts are removed from the rock again.
Self-drilling rock anchor bolts are equipped with a boring head at one back end of the rock anchor bolt. Said kinds of self-drilling rock anchor bolts may be drilled into the rock and then braced in a single step, without the need of an additional drilling step with a separate drilling tool. During the drilling procedure with the boring head on the rock anchor bolt, it is typically necessary to feed rinsing water at a low pressure through the rock anchor bolt to the boring head to rinse away the material or rock extracted with the boring head and to cool the boring head. In the process, the rinsing water is fed to the boring head through an interior enclosed by an anchor tube and then the rinsing water together with the extracted rock flows outward to the opening of the drilled hole through an annulus between the rock and the anchor tube, where the rinsing water exits from the opening of the drilled hole.
At the end of the drilling procedure, it is typically necessary to feed power water under high pressure into the interior to press the fixation substance inside the anchor tube into the annulus between the anchor tube and the borehole or the rock. To ensure the supply of rinsing water and power water, rotary transmission lead-throughs, so-called dispensers are arranged between the anchor rock bolt and a rotary drill drive or a device for moving the rock anchor bolt. The technical design of said dispensers is very complex and hence their manufacture is expensive. The rinsing water which has to flow into an annulus between the fixation substance and the anchor tube originates from the rotary drill drive and flows through an opening on the inside of a reception coupling toward the dispenser and therefore initially lies in the drilling axis. In contrast, power water to be supplied to the fixation substance or to a plunger on the fixation substance is originally supplied radially from the outside. As a result, an expensive procedure is required in which the flows or channels used for feeding through the rinsing water and the power water intersect in the third dimension.
DE 10 2005 000 158 A1 discloses a drill and anchor placement device used in the mining industry, for tunnel construction or for underground mining to install anchors comprising a drill bit and equipped with a single or multi-component adhesive and having an expression device for expressing the adhesive from the anchor positioned in the borehole, wherein the expression device is integrated in a chamber provided inside the case of the drill and anchor placement device.
DE 10 2005 000 142 A1 discloses an expression device for expressing a mass from a self-drilling chemical rock anchor bolt used in the mining industry and for tunnel construction, having a case with a motor-driven sleeve, which is pivotably supported in the case and axially displaceable, wherein the sleeve comprises a first end with a plug-in opening on which a retainer is provided for rotational carrying structure of the rock anchor bolt and a second end opposite the first end with a transmission lead-through as well as a sleeve axis and having a feeder lug though which media may be fed to the rock anchor bolt.
A self-drilling chemical rock anchor bolt is provided, specifically for use in the mining industry and a device for moving the rock anchor bolt, said rock anchor bolt comprising an anchor tube which encloses an interior, a fixation substance arranged within the interior for bonding the anchor tube on rock, a moveable piston arranged inside the interior for moving the fixation substance outside the anchor tube if the anchor tube is arranged in a borehole inside the rock, a boring head at one back end of the anchor tube, a rinsing channel to supply rinsing fluid, in particular rinsing water to the boring head, an expression channel to supply power fluid, in particular power water to the piston, is to be able to supply both rinsing water as well as power water into an interior of the rock anchor bolt with minor technical expenses.
Below is a detailed description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the enclosed drawings. In the figures:
One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a system with a rock anchor bolt and a device for moving the rock anchor bolt, a rock anchor bolt and a device for moving the rock anchor bolt in which both rinsing water as well as power water may be fed into an interior of the rock anchor bolt with minor technical expenditures.
This is provided by a system having a self-drilling chemical rock anchor bolt, in particular for use in the mining industry, and a device for moving the rock anchor bolt, said rock anchor bolt comprising an anchor tube which comprises an interior, a fixation substance for bonding the anchor tube on rock arranged within the interior, a moveable plunger arranged within the interior for transporting the fixation substance outside the anchor tube if the anchor tube is arranged in a borehole in the rock, a boring head on one back end of the anchor tube, a rinsing channel for supplying rinsing fluid, in particular rinsing water to the drilling head, an expression channel for supplying power fluid, in particular power water to the plunger, wherein the system, in particular the device and/or the rock anchor bolt, comprises a moveable closing element which is moveable between a rinsing position and a pressure position and where the rinsing channel is open and the expression channel is closed in the rinsing position and the rinsing channel is closed and the expression channel is open in the pressure position.
Consequently, the moveable closing element makes it possible in an advantageous way to supply either rinsing water to the boring head with a low pressure or expression water to the plunger or the fixation substance with a high pressure. Advantageously, no technically complex dispenser is necessary anymore, because the closing element, in particular integrated into the device may assume the function of separating the rinsing fluid and the power fluid.
In particular, the system, in particular the rock anchor bolt and/or the device comprises one, in particular only one, fluid opening for supplying both rinsing fluid as well as power fluid and preferably a fluid connection between the fluid opening and the rinsing channel and no fluid connection between the fluid opening and the expression channel exists in the rinsing position of the closing element and no fluid connection between the fluid opening and the rinsing channel and a fluid connection between the fluid opening and the expression channel exists in the pressure position of the closing element.
Conveniently, both rinsing fluid as well as power water may be supplied axially through a fluid opening on the rock anchor bolt and/or on the system, in particular the device, into the rock anchor bolt and the separation may be achieved by moving the closing element between the rinsing position and the pressure position.
In another arrangement, the closing element is pivotable and/or supported in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the rock anchor bolt.
In a supplementary embodiment, the closing element is designed as a pipe socket with and axial fluid channel and the fluid opening leads into a back end of the fluid channel so that both rinsing fluid as well as power fluid may be supplied through the axial fluid channel of the pipe socket.
The interior of the rock anchor bolt is preferably divided into a backpressure space, in particular within a channel sleeve and a front rinsing space by a separating ring with a connecting opening in front of the fixation substance and/or the plunger. In the process, the backpressure space also represents an expression channel and the rinsing space also represents a rinsing channel.
In one variant, the rinsing channel leads into the front rinsing space and the expression channel, in particular within the channel sleeve is separated fluid-tight from the back pressure space on the plunger by a separating membrane. As a result, the separating membrane, e.g. made of plastic or a thin sheet metal, may keep the rinsing water away from the plunger during the drilling procedure and the separating membrane is preferably arranged within the channel sleeve.
Conveniently, the separating membrane separates the expression channel on the plunger fluid-tight from the back pressure space when the pipe socket is in rinsing position and a fluid-conducting connection exists between the back end of the axial fluid channel of the pipe socket and the front rinsing space and/or the rinsing channel.
In another embodiment, the pipe socket is arranged outside the connecting opening of the separating ring if the pipe socket is in rinsing position. In the rinsing position, the pipe socket may also be arranged within the connecting opening of the separating ring, but an annulus between the pipe socket and the separating ring is provided so that the rinsing water exiting the pipe socket at the back end may flow back into the front rinsing space through the connecting opening on the separating ring.
The separating membrane is split in particular if the pipe socket is in pressure position, so that a fluid-conducting connection between the expression channel on the plunger and the back pressure space exists and the front rinsing space and/or the rinsing channel is separated fluid-tight from the back end of the axial fluid channel of the pipe socket.
In another arrangement, the pipe socket is arranged in the connecting opening of the separating ring if the pipe socket is in pressure position and the radial exterior of the pipe socket fits fluid-tight on the separating ring on the connecting opening of the separating ring so that no fluid-conducting connection exists between the back pressure space and the rinsing space and/or the rinsing channel and the back end of the pipe socket preferably ends on the expression channel on the plunger so that the axial fluid channel of the pipe socket leads into the expression channel on the plunger and/or the rinsing channel is created as an annulus between the fixation substance and the anchor tube and/or the rock anchor bolt is designed as a rock anchor bolt described in this patent application and/or the device is designed as a device described in this patent application.
Self-drilling chemical rock anchor bolt according to one or more embodiments of the invention, in particular for use in the mining industry, comprising an anchor tube which includes an interior, a fixation substance for bonding the anchor tube on rock arranged within the interior, a moveable plunger arranged within the interior for transporting the fixation substance outside the anchor tube if the anchor tube is arranged in a borehole in the rock, a boring head on the back end of the anchor tube, a rinsing channel for supplying rinsing fluid, in particular water to the boring head, an expression channel for supplying power fluid, in particular water to the plunger, wherein the rock anchor bolt comprises one, in particular only one, fluid opening for supplying both rinsing fluid as well as power fluid.
In a supplementary variant, the interior is divided into a backpressure space and a front rinsing space by a separating ring with a connecting opening in front of the fixation substance and/or the plunger. In another variant, the rinsing channel leads into the front rinsing space and the expression channel is separated fluid-tight from the pressure space on the plunger by using a penetrable separating membrane, e.g. made of plastic or metal and/or the rock anchor bolt comprises an anchor nut and preferably an anchor plate supported by the anchor nut for putting it on the rock.
Device for moving a rock anchor bolt according to one or more embodiments of the invention, in particular a rock anchor bolt described in this patent application, comprising a driving element, in particular a driving ring for transmitting a torque to the rock anchor bolt, a drive shaft for connection with the drive motor, preferably a mechanism for transmitting a torque from the drive shaft to the driving element, wherein the device comprises one, in particular only one fluid opening for supplying both rinsing fluid as well as power fluid.
In yet another variant, the device comprises a moveable pipe socket with an axial fluid channel which is moveable between a rinsing position and a pressure position and the fluid opening leads into a front end of the axial fluid channel and the device preferably comprises an apparatus, e.g. a jig plunger and a lever coupled to the jig plunger for moving the pipe socket and the driving element comprises an axial borehole and the pipe socket is arranged within the axial borehole of the driving element as well as the pipe socket is preferably axially moveably supported in the borehole.
Conveniently, the device comprises a drive motor, e.g. an internal combustion engine or electric motor for driving the drive shaft.
Furthermore, the rock anchor bolt is also designed as a sliding anchor. The sliding anchor has a sliding function in so far as the length of the rock anchor bolt expands starting from a defined tensile force absorbed by the rock anchor bolt, i.e. the compressive force acting on the anchor plate or the anchor nut which is caused by the rock, thus allowing a movement of the rock which reduces the tensile force to be absorbed by the rock anchor bolt (to below the defined tensile force as threshold value, to prevent sliding), thus ensuring better securing of the rock.
In an additional arrangement a back end of the anchor tube is covered with a cap and the anchor tube and/or the cap comprise at least one opening for transporting the fixation substance out of the interior enclosed by the anchor tube. On the one hand, the cap may be a separate component or it may be designed as one piece together with the anchor tube.
In a supplementary arrangement, the fixation substance, in particular a synthetic resin or mortar comprises two components, e.g. an adhesive component and a curing component.
The two components are preferably arranged separately in a pouch. Any device for storing the two separate components is considered a pouch, for instance also a cartouche or a different container.
In a supplementary arrangement, a mixer is arranged between the fixation substance at the at least one opening for mixing the fixation substance, in particular the two components, before the fixation substance exits the at least one opening.
In a supplementary arrangement, the components of the system, for example the anchor tube, the plunger, the anchor nut, the anchor plate, the cap, the closing element, the separating ring, the channel sleeve, the closing and supporting ring, the driving element, the driving ring, the bearing bush, the drive shaft, the first and second gearwheel, the case and/or the jig plunger and/or the lever are made at least partly, in particular completely of metal, for example steel or steel alloy or fiberglass-reinforced plastic.
A rock anchor bolt 2 designed as a sliding bolt is used e.g. in the mining industry for temporarily securing rock 60 on galleries. The rock anchor bolt 2 comprises an anchor tube 4, which encloses an interior 12. The rock anchor bolt 2 is a chemical rock anchor bolt 2, meaning that the anchor tube 4 may be bonded to a rock 60 by using a fixation substance 13 arranged in the interior 12. For this purpose, a borehole 61 is created in the rock 60 with a boring head 10 on a back end 7 of the anchor tube 4. For drilling with the boring head 10, the anchor tube 4 is set in a rotating motion around a longitudinal axis 5 of the anchor tube on a front end 6 on a work space 62 using a device 3 for moving the rock anchor bolt 4. The rock anchor bolt 2 and the device 3 create a system 1.
A plunger 19 as structure 20 for expressing the fixation substance 13 is arranged on the front end of the two pouches 17, 18. The back end 7 of the anchor tube 4 is closed with a cap 21 having an opening 22 for squeezing out the fixation substance 13. The fixation substance 13 may flow out of the interior 12 of the anchor tube 4 through the opening 22 into the space, in particular the annulus between the anchor tube 4 and the rock 60, whereby the fixation substance 13 is lead into said annulus through rinsing and expression openings 11 on the boring head 10. In the process, a mixer 23 is arranged on the opening 22, through which the fixation substance 13 is forced as a result of the geometrical arrangement of the mixer 23 in the interior 12 to flow from the two pouches 17, 18 first through the mixer 23 before it exists from the opening 22 and the rinsing and expression openings 11. The mixer 23 comprises devices, for instance a corresponding geometry in so far that the fixation substance 13 flows in a meandering or hose-like shape through the mixer 23 and as a result the adhesive component 14 is mixed with the curing component 15 of the synthetic resin 14 before it exists from the opening 22.
To bring the fixation substance 13 into the space between the anchor tube 4 and the rock 60, the plunger 19 is moved inward by the power water, i.e. to the left according to the illustration in
The anchor tube 4 has an external thread 8 on the outside and an anchor nut 9 with an internal thread is screwed onto the external thread 8 of the anchor tube 4. The internal thread of the anchor nut 9 engages into the external thread 8 of the anchor tube 4 and because of the geometry of the anchor nut 9, the anchor nut 9 may only be screwed onto the anchor tube 4 up to the position illustrated in
In addition to the driving element 43, the device 3 comprises a case 51. A drive shaft 46 is mounted on the case 51 with a bearing 50, e.g. a rolling bearing and a drive motor 59 designed as internal combustion engine is arranged on an exterior end of the drive shaft 46 outside the case 51. A first gearwheel 47 is provided on the other inside end of the drive shaft 46, whose not illustrated cogs comb the not illustrated cogs of a second gearwheel 48. In the process, the rotational axes of the first and second gearwheel 47, 48 are perpendicular to each other. The second gearwheel 48 is fastened on the driving ring 44 using fastening bolts 49. Furthermore, the driving ring 44 is mounted on the case 51 with the bearing 50. The driving ring 44 comprises an axial borehole with respect to the longitudinal axis 5 of the anchor tube 4 and a closing element 27 designed as a pipe socket 28 is arranged in said borehole. The pipe socket 28 comprises an axial fluid channel 31. A front end 29 of the pipe socket 28 and a front end 32 of the axial fluid channel 31 is or ends on the work space 62 outside the case 51 and a back end 30 of the pipe socket 28 as well as a back end 33 of the axial fluid channel 33 ends within the interior 12 enclosed by the anchor tube 4. A bearing bush 45 is arranged between the pipe socket 28 and the driving ring 44. As a result, the drive motor 59 may bring the driving ring 44 into a rotational movement around the longitudinal axis 5 of the anchor tube 4 using the drive shaft 46 and the first and second gearwheel 47, 48. In the process, the pipe socket 28 is not conducting a rotational movement and the bearing bush 45 is used for supporting the rotating driving ring 44 on the non-rotating pipe socket 28. Based on the polygon on the anchor nut 9 as well as a corresponding complementary polygon (not illustrated) on the driving ring 44, the driving ring 44 may transmit a torque to the anchor nut 9 and hence also to the anchor tube 4. The boring head 10 is rigidly connected with the anchor tube 4, so that the boring head 10 also performs a rotational movement around anchor tube 4, due to the torque applied from the drive motor 59 to the anchor tube 4 and as a result the borehole 61 may be driven into the rock 60 with the self-drilling rock anchor bolt 2.
During the drilling procedure with the system 1, rinsing water is fed to the boring head 10 to cool the boring head 10 and to transport extracted rock 60 from the borehole 61 to the working space 62. Power water is fed to the piston 19 for expressing the fixation substance into the space between the anchor tube 4 and the rock 60, to move the piston 19 toward the left with the power water under high pressure as illustrated in
A channel sleeve 41 encloses the fixation substance 13 and is additionally guided in the direction toward the front end 6 of the anchor tube 4. In addition to the fixation substance 13, the piston 19 resting on the fixation substance 13 as well as a separating membrane 40 made of plastic are arranged inside the channel sleeve 41. A separating ring 38 with a connecting opening 39 is arranged on the front end of the channel sleeve 41. The space within the channel sleeve 41 between the piston 19 and the separating ring 38 is divided into the expression channel 26 and the back pressure space 36 by the separating membrane 40 within the channel sleeve 41 when the pipe socket 28 is in rinsing position or during the drilling procedure as illustrated in
As a result, rinsing water may be fed through the fluid opening 34 on the pipe socket 28 through the axial fluid channel 31 of the pipe socket 28 with low pressure during the drilling procedure when the pipe socket 28 is in rinsing position according to
At the end of the drilling procedure, the drive motor 59 is turned off and the feeding of rinsing water through the axial fluid channel of the pipe socket 28 is stopped. Next, the apparatus for moving the pipe socket 28 described above is used to move the pipe socket to the left from the rinsing position according to
After the fixation substance 13 has been expressed, the device 3 is removed from the rock anchor bolt 2. Consequently, the rock anchor bolt 2 with the anchor nut 9 remains in the borehole 61 as a one-way part. The device 3, e.g. with the driving ring 44, the apparatus for moving the pipe socket 28 and the case 51 represents a re-usable part. Thus, after the drilling and expression procedure, the device 3 may be used to drill another rock anchor bolt 2 into the rock 60 and the fixation substance 13 may subsequently be expressed.
All in all, the system 1 according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is associated with considerable advantages. Both rinsing water as well as power water may be fed into the interior 12 of the anchor tube 4 through a single fluid opening 34 on the device 3. No technically complex dispenser is required and rinsing water as well as power water may be fed in axial direction through the axial fluid channel 31 of the pipe socket 28.
While particular elements, embodiments, and applications of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the invention is not limited thereto because modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teaching. It is therefore contemplated by the appended claims to cover such modifications and incorporate those features which come within the spirit and scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102011005855.9 | Mar 2011 | DE | national |
