Patent Application
20200063557
The invention relates to a rock anchor assembly.
In a dynamic load support environment, a rock anchor prevents catastrophic failure of the rock wall, which the anchor supports, by absorbing the energy of the rock movement by stretching. A problem arises in an ungrouted application when the steel material of the rock anchor deforms to its maximum tensile capacity, whereafter the anchor is prone to snap. As the anchor is in tension, the moment the anchor breaks, its proximal severed section has a tendency to eject from the rock hole at great force. This creates a projectile which poses a great danger to mine workers in the vicinity.
The invention aims to overcome the problem by providing a mechanism to arrest the detached portion of steel as it attempts to eject from the support hole.
The present invention at least partially addresses the aforementioned problem.
The invention provides a rock anchor assembly which includes:
a resiliently radially deformable tubular member which longitudinally extends between a leading end and a trailing end and which has an arrestor formation integral with, or engaged to, a trailing end part of the member;
an elongate element which longitudinally extends through the member between a first end and a second end and which attaches to the tubular member at spaced distal and proximal load points and which has a failure arrestor fixed at a point within the member;
a faceplate on the tubular member or the elongate member;
wherein, when the assembly is inserted in a rock hole, with the faceplate bearing against the rock face, and load is applied along the elongate element that will cause the element to sever above the point at which the arrestor is fixed, the failure arrestor engages the arrestor formation to arrest the ejectment of a proximal portion of the elongate element from the rock hole.
The arrestor formation may be the trailing end part of the tubular member which has been swaged to taper towards the trailing end. Alternatively, the arrestor formation may be an element, for example a collar or bush, which is engaged with an inner surface of the trailing end portion to reduce the internal diameter of the member.
The elongate element may be an elongate element which is made of a suitable steel material which has a high tensile load capacity.
The elongate element may be adapted with a break formation, for example a notch or an annular groove, between the failure arrestor and the first end, about which the element breaks.
The point at which the failure arrestor is fixed on the elongate element may be predetermined on allowing elongation of the elongate element, to its tensile load capacity, without the failure arrestor coming into contact with the arrestor formation.
The failure arrestor may be a nut, or the like, which is threadedly engaged to the elongate element. Alternatively, the failure arrestor may be a deformation which deforms the elongate element in at least one radial direction, for example a paddled deformation.
The assembly may include a first load bearing formation engaged with the elongate element and the tubular member at the proximal load point.
The arrestor formation may be the first load bearing formation.
The assembly may include an expansion element engaged, or integrally formed, with the elongate element at the distal load point.
The assembly may include a load applicator means engaged with the elongate element between the proximal load point and the second end which is actuable to preload the elongate element in the rock hole between the distal load point and the faceplate.
The invention is described with reference to the following drawings in which:
A rock anchor assembly 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention is depicted in
The rock anchor assembly 10 has a resiliently radially deformable sleeve 11 having a generally tubular body 12 that longitudinally extends between a leading end 14 and a trailing end 16. Within the sleeve body, a cavity 18 is defined. The body 12 has a slit 20 extending along the body from a point of origin towards the trailing end 16 and ending at the leading end 14. The slit provides for radial compression of the tubular sleeve body as the body is inserted into a rock hole as will be described in greater detail below.
The sleeve body 12 has a slightly tapered leading portion 24 that tapers toward the leading end 14 to enable the sleeve 11 to be driven into a rock hole having a smaller diameter than the body. At an opposed end, the sleeve body has a tapered trailing portion 25, the function of which will be described below. Between the leading and trailing tapered portions (24, 25), the sleeve body has a consistent internal diameter
In this example, the rock anchor assembly 10 includes an elongate element 26 which longitudinally extends between a first end 28 and a second end 30. The elongate element is located partly within the cavity 18 of the sleeve body and has a proximal portion 32 which, at least part of which extends the trailing end 16 of the sleeve body. The proximal portion is threaded. The elongate element is exemplified as a steel rod.
An expansion element 34 is mounted on the first end 28 of the rod 26 at a first end 28. In this example, the expansion element 34 is threadingly mounted onto a threaded leading portion 36 of the rod 26, which rod is received in a blind threaded aperture (not illustrated) of the expansion element 34. The expansion element 34 takes on the general frusto-conical form, with an engagement surface 40 which tapers towards the leading end 14 of the sleeve body. The maximum diameter of the expansion element is greater than the internal diameter of the sleeve body 12.
The rock anchor assembly 10 further includes a load application means 42 mounted on the proximal portion 32 of the rod 26, towards the rod's second end 30. In this example, the means 42 includes a hexagonal nut 44, which is threadedly engaged to the portion 32, and a spherical seat 46, which has a central bore for mounting on the proximal portion 32 of the rod. A last component of the means 42 is a domed face plate 50 which engages with the projecting portion 32, between the seat and the sleeve's trailing end 16.
The rock anchor assembly 10 also includes a retaining fitting 52. In this embodiment, the fitting is a barrel shaped element which press fits into the annular space between the rod 26 and the sleeve 11 to frictionally retain the sleeve in position on the rod. The fitting 52 maintains an initial positioning of the sleeve body 12 relatively to the elongate element 26, with the leading end 14 abutting the expansion element 40. In use of the assembly 10, the fitting becomes load bearing.
The assembly 10 further includes a failure arrestor 54 which is, in this embodiment, a nut which threadedly engages to the proximal portion 32 of the rod, within the sleeve 12. Initially, on assembly of the anchor assembly 10, the arrestor 54 is spaced at a distance, designated X on
Between the failure arrestor 24 and the first end 28 of the rod 26, the rod is formed with an annular rebate 55 about which the rod is designed to break in circumstances described below.
In use, the assembly 10 is installed in a rock hole 56 predrilled into a rock face 58 behind which adjacent rock strata layers require stabilization. See
The assembly 10 is fully and operationally installed in the rock hole 54 when both the sleeve is wholly contained therein, but with a length of the projecting portion 32 of the elongate element 26 extending from the rock hole 54. On this length, the face plate 50, the nut 44 and the spherical seat 46 are located, initially with the face plate 50 free to move axially on the rod between the rock face 56 and the trailing position of the barrel 46.
Active anchoring of the sleeve body 12 in the rock hole 50, additional to that provided passively by frictional fit, is achieved by pull through of the expansion element 34 into and through the sleeve body 12. This provides a point anchoring effect. The expansion element is caused to move by actuating the load application means 42 by applying a drive means (not shown) to spin and then torque the hex nut 44. Initially the nut is spun into contact with the face plate 50 and then to push the faceplate into abutment with the rock face 58. Due to opposed thread direction on a leading end portion and the projecting portion 32 of the rod, this rotation does not lead to disengagement of the elongate element with the expansion element.
Torqueing of the hex nut 44, now abutting the faceplate 50, will draw the threaded projecting portion 32 of the elongate element 26 through the nut and pull the attached expansion element 34 against the leading end 14 of the sleeve body 12. Reactively, as the hex nut 44 is torqued, the faceplate 50 is drawn and held in progressive and proportional load support with the rock face 58.
Before the expansion element 34 moves into the cavity 18, the element contacts the leading end 14 of the sleeve body 12 in bearing engagement which causes the trailing end of the sleeve to reactively engage the fitting 52. The fitting 52, now in load support of the sleeve 12, prevents the sleeve 11 from giving way axially relatively to the elongate element 26 due to ingress of the expansion element 34.
With the sleeve 11 held stationary relatively to the elongate element 26, the expansion element engages the sleeve body 12 at the leading end and forces the body 12 at this end into radially outwardly deformation. Ultimately, the expansion element 34 is caused to be drawn fully into the tapered leading portion 24 of the sleeve body 12, as illustrated in
The faceplate 50 is in load support of the rock face 58 and is thus subjected to a moving face (illustrated in
The failure arrestor 54 will move with the rod 26, as it stretches, through the sleeve towards the trailing end. The initial spacing X is pre-set so that the rod is allowed to stretch to close to its maximum tensile capacity, absorbing maximum energy, without the arrestor coming into contact with the diametrically reduced tapered trailing portion 25 of the sleeve. At the point where the elongate element 26 breaks, at maximum loading, the arrestor will be positioned just short of the start of the tapered trailing portion 25 (see
When the rod finally breaks, at the rebate 55, the proximal portion 32 of the elongate element 26 separates from a remaining part 60 (see
Frictional interaction of the arrestor 54 with the tapered portion 25 provides a load carrying structure secondary to the primary load carrying structure provided by the interaction of the expansion element 34 with the sleeve body 12 along the leading tapered portion 24. This allows a mine worker to return and rehabilitate the rock mass that was subjected to static deterioration or seismic damage in a manner described below.
With static deterioration or seismic damage, the rock strata underlying the rock face 58 will fragment and scale from the rock face. But, due to the arrested projecting portion 32 of the elongate element, and the space now created between the faceplate 50 and the sleeve, there is a capacity to re-tension the assembly 10 by spinning the nut 44, the faceplate 50 is driven back into contact with a now retreated rock face 58. Torqueing the nut will ensure that tension is reinstated in the assembly 10 between the arrestor 54 and the faceplate, thereby reintroducing some supporting reactionary force through the faceplate 50 to the rock face 58.
A second embodiment of the rock anchor assembly 10A is illustrated in
The assembly 10A includes an arrestor element 62, such as a collar of bush, which is welded to the inside surface of the proximal portion 25 of the sleeve 11. Although a tapered proximal portion is illustrated in this figure, this tapering is not essential and, instead, the sleeve diameter reduction is achieved with the arrestor element.
It is against this element that the failure arrestor comes into contact. In this embodiment, the failure arrestor 54A is a paddle shaped adaptation of the rod 26.
In the embodiments described above, the sleeve 11 and the elongate element 26 are made of structural grade steel. This is non-limiting to the invention as it is envisaged that at least the sleeve 11 and the elongate element 26 can also be made of a fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) such as, for example, pultruded fibreglass. It is further anticipated that all of the components of the components of the rock anchor assembly (10, 10A) can be made off a FRP.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017/02442 | May 2017 | ZA | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ZA2018/050021 | 5/7/2018 | WO | 00 |
