Patent Grant
7210876
None.
A. Field of the Invention
The field of the present invention relates generally to support mats configured to allow load bearing objects, such as a vehicle or pedestrian traffic to move over turf areas without significant compaction or other damage to the turf. More particularly, the present invention relates to such support mats that comprise a plurality of upstanding, open cell members configured for turf to grow through the mat. Even more particularly the present invention relates to such support mats that are rollable for ease of storage, delivery and installation.
B. Background
As well known to those in the turf and paving industries, there are numerous circumstances when it is necessary or desirable to be able to drive vehicles over turf areas, such as grassy or like areas, instead of the typical asphalt, concrete or other solid materials normally used as the load bearing material for roadways or vehicle pathways. Driving vehicles of any substantial weight or at any speeds other than at very low speeds over a turf area can easily result in substantial damage to the turf, particularly if the turf area is wet or configured with turf that is particularly susceptible to damage. Despite the potential for damage to the turf, driving vehicles over the turf occurs out of necessity when the turf area is used for temporary or overflow parking, to temporarily connect different parking areas and to permit temporary access across the turf to facilities or for various emergency situations. Allowing vehicles to drive over turf areas is desirable when, often for aesthetic purposes or to avoid interfering with the purpose of the turf area (i.e., golf courses), the owners or operators of the turf areas prefer to not have paths made up of the typical solid roadway materials cutting across the turf area, thereby dividing the turf area into disconnected segments. Examples of turf areas where the use of standard roadway materials are often not desired include golf cart paths, service roads through or overflow parking areas in parks and other park-like areas, residential driveways, emergency vehicle access lanes, grass air strips and the like. As well known, movement of vehicles across the turf can result in ruts in the turf, tearing of the turf and undesirable compaction of the turf and/or soil underneath that can inhibit or prevent normal turf growth.
To prevent damage to the turf from the movement of vehicles, such as cars, trucks, golf carts, emergency vehicles and other such vehicles, across or through the turf area it is common to utilize load bearing mats embedded or otherwise placed in or on the turf. Commonly, these load bearing mats are made up of a plurality of individual mat units and generally configured with a plurality of connected cell or cell-like members that are of sufficient strength to support the weight of the vehicle or other load bearing traffic as it moves over the turf. Many of the load bearing mats have cell members that are configured, at least to a certain extent, to allow the turf to grow through the load bearing mat and to allow water and other nutrients to reach the roots of the turf. The load bearing mats are typically placed in the turf or soil base just below the grade level of the turf so that conventional turf equipment, including lawnmowers and the like, can move over the turf and cut or treat the turf. To allow for different sizes of areas where load bearing mats are utilized, the typical load bearing mat is provided in modular mat units that can be selectively connected together to provide the desired amount of load bearing surface (i.e., parking lot sized area). The area enclosed by the cell members are filled with soil or other materials. In turf areas, the fill material preferably comprises that which facilitates the growth of turf through the load bearing mat. To facilitate gripping of the subsurface by the load bearing mat, drainage through the turf and oxygen transfer by the turf, it is generally desirable that the base of the individual cell members have as much opening as possible.
The use of load bearing mats to provide support in turf areas is not limited to use with areas where vehicles may move across or through the turf area. In addition, load bearing mats are also utilized in areas subject to heavy pedestrian or other non-vehicle load bearing traffic, such as for walking and/or bicycle paths through a park or park-like settings. Use of load bearing mats are also beneficially utilized on campus open areas where students are likely to cut across the turf and in areas around nursing homes or hospitals where persons may want to push another person in a wheelchair or use other equipment. Use of load bearing mats to prevent damage to turf is known to be particularly advantageous in areas where water or other fluids may commonly collect after watering or rain.
Examples of load bearing mats for use in turf areas can be found in numerous prior art patents. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,942 to Hill describes a grass paving structure having a plurality of honeycombed, hexagon-shaped cells with upstanding sidewalls and a plurality of openings in the underlying base surface. In one configuration, as sold by National Diversified Sales, Inc. (the assignee of the present invention) under the name Tufftrack Grassroad Pavers, the load bearing members are sold in two foot by two foot interlocking sections that can be connected together to cover any size of area. A tongue and groove latching system provides quick and secure connections between the various sections. U.S. Pat. No. 4,111,585 to Mascaro describes a modular support mat for turfgrass areas that has a plurality of hexagonally shaped, adjoining cells that form a module of such cells. Individual modules are joined together by the use of selectively positioned integral projecting tabs having upstanding lugs thereon that are adapted to interlockingly engage a correspondingly located opening in an adjacent modular unit. U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,340 to Bohnhoff describes a mat for stabilizing particulate materials that comprises a planar quadrilateral grid formed by a plurality of intersecting struts having upstanding tubular members disposed on the grid in a rectangular array. This mat, sold as the Grasspave2 by Invisible Structures, Inc. out of Golden, Colo., utilizes perpendicularly disposed struts that intersect at the bottom center of each tubular member and a socket/pin connector system to connect mats together to form a larger mat. The use of ribs between spaced apart tubular members allows the mat, or a series of interconnected mats, to be rolled. U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,048 to Bohnhoff describes a irrigation head support that includes a circular mat having a plurality of concentric circular ribs and radially disposed ribs with a centrally located circular aperture configured to receive an irrigation head and a plurality of upstanding tubular rings on the mat around the circular aperture. The tubular rings provide support for vehicle tires and other loads so as to avoid damage to the irrigation head. Grass roots grow through the spaces in the mat to secure the mat permanently in place.
The presently available load bearing mats generally comprise a plurality of cell or tubular shaped members that are configured in a generally honeycombed fashion, such as illustrated by U.S. Pat. No. 4,111,585 to Mascaro set forth above. These honeycombed configured mats obtain much of their load bearing strength due to the fact that the cell members share common sidewalls or, at a minimum, abutting sidewalls. While the interconnecting or abutting cell sidewalls provide strength for somewhat significant loads, the resulting load bearing mat must be configured from a plurality of individual generally rigid panels or mat units that are not very well adapted to being rolled. These flat panels are generally stored, transported and installed in their separate panel condition instead of a preferred rolled condition. As known to those skilled in the art, handling and installation of mats or mat-like structures such as load bearing mats is generally made significantly easier, faster and less expensive if the mat is provided in a rolled condition that can be unrolled into place where needed. As also set forth above, U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,340 to Bohnhoff describes a load bearing mat that comprises a plurality of cell members placed on at planar grid, thereby making it suitable for being provided in a rolled condition. In that configuration, however, the grid members that make up the grid cross at intersections located at or near the center of the cell members. The grids and intersection thereof at the center of the cell members somewhat reduces the amount of open area in the cell member that is available for horticultural purposes, namely the growth of turf or other plant material. While the rolled ability of this grid does provide installation labor and costs savings versus rigid panels, the loss of area available for plant growth is seen by many in the industry as a limitation to this type of load bearing unit.
The area to be covered by load bearing units is generally a variable that must be addressed by those who manufacture and supply load bearing mats. The typical manner in which this is addressed is by providing the load bearing mats in individual panels or mat units. To effectively cover the desired area, it is preferred that the individual panels be configured to lock together to form a substantially integral load bearing mat. The honeycomb configured load bearing mats typically utilize connecting mechanisms that connect cells of one panel to cells of an adjacent panel in an abutting relationship. During installation, the user connects these panels together to form the desired size of load bearing mat. With regard to load bearing mats provided in a rolled condition, a series of panels can be connected together to form a roll of such panels having a specified width. However, the connecting mechanism must be configured to allow and adapt to the rolling and unrolling of the mat. The mat described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,340 and sold by Invisible Structures, Inc. utilizes a pin and socket type of connecting mechanism that is configured in a generally vertical or axial manner. In use, this type of connecting mechanism can result in dimpling of the leveled planting base during installation and tends to unsnap during and after installation due to vertically applied loads. What is needed, therefore, is a rollable load bearing mat that is configured for use as a load bearing surface in turf areas that includes the use of interconnected cell members for mat strength, the ability to provide the mat in a rolled condition for ease of handling and installation, and the use of mat unit connectors that are suitable for rolling and which do not have the problems associated with vertically or axially configured pin and socket connectors.
The rollable load bearing mat for turf areas of the present invention solves the problems and provides the benefits identified above. That is to say, the present invention discloses a load bearing mat that includes a plurality of interconnected cell members that have one or more adjacent or integral side walls for improved load bearing strength to carry load bearing traffic over a turf area without substantial damage to the turf. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cell members are generally tubular, hexagonally shaped cells which are provided in a plurality of cell rows with each pair of cell members being in an axially offset adjoining relationship. Individual rows of cell members are connected together by a plurality of selectively positioned elongated belts or straps to form an integral mat unit. This type of arrangement allows the cell members to be substantially completely open at the top and bottom surface of the mat unit for improved turf and other plant growth through the mat unit. The use of the flexible straps to connect the rows of cell members also allows the mat unit to be rolled for ease of handling and installation. Connectors at the periphery edges of the mat unit allow connection of one mat unit to another to form the desired load bearing mat of any length and width. To overcome the problems associated with presently available vertically or axially aligned pin and socket connectors, the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes laterally disposed connectors that are configured to substantially horizontally engage, in an interlocking manner, the correspondingly configured connectors on one or more adjacent mat units.
In one general aspect of the present invention, the rollable load bearing mat for turf areas and the like of the present invention is made up of a plurality of interconnected mat units, each having a generally planar bottom surface, a generally planar top surface, a first side, an opposing second side, a first end and an opposing second end. The mat unit comprises a plurality of spaced apart cell rows that each have a plurality of generally tubular cell members comprising a series of first cell members and adjoining second cell members. Each of the cell members has one or more generally upstanding sidewalls that is configured to form a substantially open bottom opening at the bottom surface and a substantially open top opening at the top surface. In the preferred embodiment, each of the first cell members are axially offset relative to each of the second cell members and the first cell members and second cell members share a common sidewall for increased strength. The plurality of cell rows comprises a first side row at the first side of the mat unit, a second side row at the second side of the mat unit and one or more interior cell rows disposed between the first side row and the second side row. The individual cell rows are interconnected by a plurality of generally flexible linking members that are configured to allow the mat unit to be placed in a generally rolled condition for ease of handling and installation. Connecting mechanisms are located at the periphery edges of the mat unit to connect it with one or more cooperatively configured mat units. In a preferred configuration, the connecting mechanisms comprise a plurality of interlocking members in corresponding relation with cooperatively configured adjacent connecting means on a peripheral edge of the adjacent mat unit for complimentary interlocking engagement therewith. Also in the preferred configuration, the interlocking members are laterally disposed to provide a more secure connection (i.e., one that will not disconnect due to vertical loading on the mat unit). The interlocking members can comprise a plurality of selectively positioned projecting members and a plurality of selectively positioned open members that are positioned and configured to receive the projecting members in interlocking relation. In the preferred embodiment, the projecting members comprise a lateral snap lock and each of the open members comprises a lateral snap lock receiving member having a lateral snap lock receiving opening, both of which are configured for generally horizontal engagement thereof. To facilitate rolling of the mat unit, the lateral snap locks at the first and second sides of the mat unit can be disposed on an flexible, elongated connecting strap. The interlocking members at the first and second ends of the mat unit are configured to connect the mat unit to adjacent mat units in a substantially abutting relation thereto.
Accordingly, the primary objective of the present invention is to provide a rollable load bearing mat that provides the advantages discussed above and that overcomes the disadvantages and limitations associated with presently available load bearing mats.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a rollable load bearing mat for use in turf areas and the like that comprises a plurality of interconnected cell members having one or more abutting or integral sidewalls for improved load bearing strength.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a rollable load bearing mat for turf areas that comprises a plurality of cell members that are substantially open at the top and bottom surfaces of the mat.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a rollable load bearing mat for use in turf areas and the like that is configured with a plurality of flexible strap or strap-like members that interconnect pairs of rows comprised of a plurality of open cell members to permit the mat to be rolled for ease of handling and installation.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a rollable load bearing mat for turf areas that utilizes laterally disposed connectors which are configured to substantially horizontally engage, in an interlocking manner, the correspondingly configured connectors on one or more adjacent mat units.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a rollable load bearing mat for turf areas made up of a mat units that comprise a plurality of rows of interconnected, substantially open cell members with the rows of cells being connected by flexible strap members to facilitate rolling and unrolling the mat and which comprises connectors at the periphery of the mat unit that are configured to lockingly engage the connectors of one or more adjacent mat units.
The above and other objectives of the present invention will be explained in greater detail by reference to the attached figures and the description of the preferred embodiment which follows. As set forth herein, the present invention resides in the novel features of form, construction, mode of operation and/or combination of processes presently described and understood by the claims.
In the drawings which illustrate the preferred embodiments and the best modes presently contemplated for carrying out the present invention:
With reference to the figures where like elements have been given like numerical designations to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present invention, and particularly with reference to the embodiment of the rollable load bearing mat for turf and other areas of the present invention illustrated in the figures, various preferred embodiments of the present invention are set forth below. The enclosed description and drawings are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments and represent several different ways of configuring the present invention. Although specific components, materials, configurations and uses of the present invention are illustrated and set forth in this disclosure, it should be understood that a number of variations to the components and to the configuration of those components described herein and in the accompanying figures can be made without changing the scope and function of the invention set forth herein.
The preferred embodiment of the rollable load bearing mat of the present invention, shown in the figures and identified generally as 10, is best shown in
As shown in
With reference to the single mat unit 22 of
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, best shown in
In the preferred embodiment, as best shown in
As shown in the figures, the preferred embodiment of the present invention also utilizes cell rows 44 comprised of a series of first cell member 64 and adjoining second cell member 66 in an axially offset and a common sidewall 68 configuration to provide improved strength for mat unit 22. As best shown in
To facilitate joining a plurality of mat units 22 together to form a load bearing mat 10 of sufficient size to protect a turf area 12 of any desired size and shape, mat unit 22 and adjacent mat units 32 are provided with cooperatively configured connecting mechanisms. As best shown in
As known to those skilled in the art, it is preferred that each mat unit 22 be configured with both halves of interlocking members 72 at alternative sides and ends of mat unit 22 so that mat unit 22 can be connected to side disposed units 34 at first 24 and second 26 sides and to end disposed units 36 at first 28 and second 30 ends thereof. In one embodiment, the plurality of interlocking members 72 comprises a plurality of selectively positioned projecting members 76 that are configured to be engagedly received by a plurality of selectively positioned open members 78. To achieve the desired connection between mat unit 22 and adjacent mat units 32, the projecting members 76 and open members 78 are cooperatively positioned, as shown in
In the preferred embodiment, the projecting member 76 portion of connecting mechanism 70 located at the sides of mat unit 22 is configured slightly different than that at the ends of mat unit 22, as shown in
In one commercial embodiment of the present invention, mat unit 22 is configured to be approximately a square of twenty inches by twenty inches or forty inches by forty inches having cell members 46 approximately one and one-half inches deep and two and three-eighths inches across with approximately one inch between cell rows 44. Preferred materials for mat unit 22 include high density polyethylene (HDPE). As known in the art, to install load bearing mat 10, the existing turf (if any) is removed and the area desired for load bearing mat 10 is excavated to a depth sufficient to allow the placement of sub-base 20, to the extent such material is necessary. Once any improved sub-base 20 is placed, as necessary, in the excavated area, a plurality of mat units 22 are rolled out and placed in interlocking relation and arranged so as to cover the entire length and width of the excavated area, providing a substantially unitary load bearing mat 10. Once mat units 22 are in place, an appropriate soil material, such as a sandy loam or loam soil mixed as appropriate for the particular region, is placed so as to fill the empty cell members 46 and the open spaces between cell rows 44. Generally, a turf/sod combination material is placed over the soil-filled cell members 46 and allowed to establish itself over the load bearing mat 10. As the turf 14 grows, the roots extend downward through mat units 22 to more fully secure it in place. Water and nutrients will flow through turf 14 and mat units 22 to reach the roots of turf 14. When the turf 14 is fully established, load bearing mat 10 will be generally securely bound in place. Any weight bearing loads that cross over turf area 12 protected by load bearing mat 10 will be effectively transferred by the upstanding sidewalls 48 of cell members 44 to cell base 62 and then to be distributed to sub-base 20 below, thereby preventing compaction or other damage to turf 14. Because the load bearing mat 10 is below the level of the sod, the turf 14 can be mowed in the usual manner with conventional equipment.
While there are shown and described herein certain specific alternative forms of the invention, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not so limited, but is susceptible to various modifications and rearrangements in design and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, it should be noted that the present invention is subject to modification with regard to assembly, materials, size, shape and use.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 70076 | Dean | Oct 1867 | A |
| 1071091 | Rogers | Aug 1913 | A |
| 1905176 | Kieckhefer | Apr 1933 | A |
| 2315180 | Arthur | Mar 1943 | A |
| 2315448 | Nagin | Mar 1943 | A |
| 2369412 | Ruppel | Feb 1945 | A |
| 2876628 | Dixon | Mar 1959 | A |
| 2899775 | Partin | Aug 1959 | A |
| 2912910 | Wilson | Nov 1959 | A |
| 3438312 | Etal | Apr 1969 | A |
| 3597928 | Pilaar | Aug 1971 | A |
| 3764446 | Martin | Oct 1973 | A |
| 3802144 | Spica | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3903702 | Appleton | Sep 1975 | A |
| 3960375 | Bibi-Roubi et al. | Jun 1976 | A |
| 3990247 | Palmer | Nov 1976 | A |
| 4008548 | Leclerc | Feb 1977 | A |
| 4067197 | Ritter | Jan 1978 | A |
| 4111585 | Mascaro | Sep 1978 | A |
| 4167599 | Nissinen | Sep 1979 | A |
| 4329392 | Bronner | May 1982 | A |
| 4584221 | Kung | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4590731 | DeGooyer | May 1986 | A |
| 4610568 | Koerner | Sep 1986 | A |
| 4621942 | Hill | Nov 1986 | A |
| 4671699 | Roach | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4798498 | Hallberg | Jan 1989 | A |
| 5102048 | Bohnhoff | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5123778 | Bohnhoff | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5250340 | Bohnhoff | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5287649 | Prestele | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5406745 | Lin | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5689912 | Prestele | Nov 1997 | A |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060263146 A1 | Nov 2006 | US |
