FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The embodiments described herein relate to an attachment for use with a roof drain, and more particularly, to an attachment for use with a roof drain to improve anti-vortex and anti-siphonic capabilities.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Commercial buildings are typically constructed with flat or near flat roofs. Because these building do not have much of a pitch, the collection of water on the roof surface from rain or melting snow can present serious structural loads that could result in collapse. To avoid this possibility, most commercial and industrial building standards require that roofs of this type include drains positioned at locations that ensure the water accumulated thereon can be removed in a timely manner.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the disclosure provides a drain assembly for use with a plumbing system. The drain assembly includes a base, a dome, and a drain attachment. The base includes a first end, a second end opposite first end, and defining a central axis. The base at least partially defines a channel open to both the first end and the second end. The channel has an inlet at the first end of the base. The dome is coupled to the base and at least partially encloses the inlet. The drain attachment includes a body and a plurality of baffles. The body extends parallel to the central axis and includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The body also defines a passageway open to both the first end and the second end. The plurality of baffles extends outwardly from the body.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides a drain assembly for use with a plumbing system. The drain assembly includes a base, a dome, and a drain attachment. The base includes a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and defining a central axis. The base at least partially defines a channel that is open to both the first end and the second end. The channel has an inlet at the first end of the base. The dome is coupled to the base such that the dome at least partially encloses the inlet. The drain attachment is removably coupled to one of the dome and the base. The drain attachment includes a plurality of baffles. At least one of the plurality of baffles includes sidewalls oriented parallel to the central axis. At least one baffle of the plurality of baffles defines an axial height that is greater than the axial height of the dome. The drain attachment defines a largest outer dimension that is greater than a largest outer dimension of the dome.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides a drain assembly for use with a plumbing system. The drain assembly includes a base, a dome, a first plurality of baffles, and the second plurality of baffles. The base includes a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and defines a central axis. The base at least partially defines a channel that is open to both the first end and the second end. The channel has an inlet at the first end of the base. The dome is coupled to the base such that the dome at least partially encloses the inlet. The dome at least partially defines a dome interior. The first plurality of baffles at least partially positioned within the interior of the dome. The second plurality of baffles is positioned outside of the dome.
The above aspects may be used in any combination with each other. Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of drain assembly including a roof drain with an exterior and interior drain attachment mounted thereon.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the drain assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the drain assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a section view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the roof drain of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a side view of the roof drain of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a top view of the roof drain of FIG. 5.
FIG. 8 is a section view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a detailed view taken from FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a base of the roof drain of FIG. 5.
FIG. 11 is a section view taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a detailed view taken from FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the exterior drain attachment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the interior drain attachment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 15 is a section view of a roof drain with the interior drain attachment positioned therein.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the roof drain with interior drain attachment of FIG. 15.
FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate another embodiment of a roof drain with alternative embodiments of the exterior and interior drain attachments installed thereon.
FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the interior drain attachment of FIG. 17.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a roof drain.
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the roof drain of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a base of the roof drain of FIG. 21.
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the base of the roof drain of FIG. 23.
FIG. 25 is a detailed view taken from FIG. 24.
FIG. 26 is a front view of a drain attachment for the roof drain of FIG. 21.
FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the drain attachment of FIG. 26.
FIG. 28 is a detailed view of a tooth of a gravel ring of the drain attachment taken from FIG. 27.
FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a dome for the roof drain of FIG. 21.
FIG. 30 is a detailed view of an alternative embodiment of a tooth of a gravel ring of the drain attachment.
FIG. 31 is a detailed view of an alternative embodiment of a tooth of a gravel ring of the drain attachment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate a drain assembly 8 configured to be installed on a roof 14 (FIG. 8) of a building and to be placed in fluid communication with a plumbing system 34 thereof (e.g., a network of conduits to reroute the rainwater off of the roof; see FIG. 8). The drain assembly 8 includes a roof drain 10 (e.g., as best illustrated in FIG. 5), an exterior drain attachment 204 mounted to the roof drain 10, and an interior drain attachment 208 mounted to the roof drain 10. During use, the drain assembly 8 is configured to collect rainwater that has accumulated on the roof 14 (FIG. 8) and discharge the water into the plumbing system 34 (FIG. 8) producing a gravitational flow therein. Generally speaking, a gravitational flow system operates using the force of gravity to generate the flow therein typically through pitched piping and the like. Gravitational flow systems generally permit both air and water to enter the plumbing system 34 (FIG. 8). A gravitational system is different than a siphonic system which is configured to operate with the piping completely charged with water so that siphonic forces are utilized to encourage the flow of fluids therethrough. Furthermore, the exterior and interior drain attachments 204, 208 individually and together, alter and influence the flow of water entering into and flowing through the drain assembly 8 to help prevent swirling, erratic vortices, and overlapping flow currents. By doing so, the exterior and interior drain attachments 204, 208 help avoid unpredictable oscillation between gravitational and siphonic flow regimes which can result in undue stresses being placed on the plumbing system 34 (FIG. 8).
FIGS. 5-12 illustrate the roof drain 10 of the drain assembly 8 (FIG. 1) installed on a roof 14 of a building. The roof drain 10 includes a base 18 at least partially defining a channel 38, a cage or dome 26, and a gravel guard or gravel ring 30. When installed, the channel 38 of the drain 10 is placed in fluid communication with the plumbing system 34 of the corresponding building such that water accumulating on the roof 14 is collected by the drain 10 and directed into the plumbing system 34 via the channel 38. More specifically, the roof drain 10 is configured to intake rainwater and discharge the rainwater into the plumbing system 34 producing a gravitational flow therein.
With reference to FIG. 8, the base 18 of the drain 10 is substantially “funnel” shaped defining the channel 38 through which rainwater may be directed into the plumbing system 34 of the building. More specifically, when rainwater collects on the roof 14, the water flows into an inlet 40 of the channel 38 where it is directed into the plumbing or drain system 34 via an outlet 22 thereof In the illustrated embodiment, the base 18 includes a throat portion 42 at least partially defines the channel 38, and a flange portion 46 extending radially outwardly from the throat portion 42. Together, the throat portion 42 and flange portion 46 define a central axis 50, as illustrated in FIG. 10. While the illustrated base 18 is cast as a single piece of material, it is to be understood that in alternative embodiments, the base 18 may be formed as multiple pieces coupled together.
As illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 11, the throat portion 42 of the base 18 is formed from a substantially annular wall 54 having an inner surface 58, a first end 62 generally corresponding with the inlet 40 of the channel 38, and a second end 66 opposite the first end 62 that generally corresponds with and forms the outlet 22 of the channel 38. The inner surface 58 is shaped such that an inner diameter 72 of the inner surface 58 continuously and smoothly decreases as it extends axially away from the first end 62 and toward the second end 66. More specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the inner surface 58, taken along the axis 50, forms a substantially convex shape over its entire axial length. The throat portion 42 also defines a frusto-conical-datum surface 76 generally defined as a frusto-conically-shaped surface that is co-axial with the axis 50 and extends from the first end 62 to the second end 66. In such embodiments, the inner surface 58 is shaped such that it is always positioned radially inside the frusto-conical datum surface 76.
The inner surface 58 of the throat portion 42 forms a first surface angle 80a relative to the axis 50 at the first end 62 thereof and a second surface angle 80b relative to the axis 50 at the second end 66 thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the first surface angle 80a is greater than the second surface angle 80b. Furthermore, the inner surface 58 smoothly transitions from the first surface angle 80a to the second surface angle 80b while always decreasing in value. In the illustrated embodiment, the first surface angle 80a is between approximately 40 and 70 degrees while the second surface angle 80b is between approximately 0 and 15 degrees. In other embodiments, the first surface angle 80a is between approximately 50 and 65 degrees. In still other embodiments, the first surface angle 80a is approximately one of 51 degrees, 52 degrees, 59 degrees, 60 degrees, and 62 degrees. Other embodiments, the second surface angle 80b may be between approximately 0 and 5 degrees. In still other embodiments, the second surface angle 80b may be approximately 3 degrees. In still other embodiments, the first surface angle 80a and second surface angle 80b may vary depending on the diameter of the outlet 22.
With reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, the flange portion 46 of the base 18 extends radially outwardly from the first end 62 of the throat portion 42 to produce an outer edge 92. The outer edge 92, in turn, defines a top plane 96 (e.g., generally oriented normal to the axis 50 and positioned at the axial highest point of the base 18), and an outer diameter 100. The flange portion 46 includes a first portion 104 extending radially inwardly from the outer edge 92 at a first surface angle 108 relative to the axis 50, a second portion 112 extending radially inwardly from the first portion 104 at a second surface angle 116 relative to the axis 50, and a third portion 120 extending radially inwardly from the second portion 112 at a third surface angle 124. As shown in FIG. 12, the first surface angle 108 is less than the second surface angle 116 (e.g., the first surface angle 108 is steeper than the second surface angle 116), and the second surface angle 116 is less than the third surface angle 124 (e.g., the second surface angle 116 is steeper than the third surface angle 124).
When installed, with reference to FIGS. 8 and 11, the top plane 96 of the flange portion 46 is generally positioned so that is aligned with the top surface 130 of the roof 14 positioned immediately adjacent thereto. As such, any roof membrane or paper 152 can transition from the roof 14 to the base 18 without producing any high spots or bumps. For the purposes of this application, the top surface 130 of the roof 14 is generally defined as the surface upon which the roof paper 152 is laid (e.g., the top surface of the concrete) and does not include any gravel positioned thereon (see FIG. 8). Stated differently, the top surface 130 is substantially aligned with the top plane 96. In alternative embodiments, the roof drain 10 may be mounted to a deck plate or other installation apparatus whereby the top surface 130 may include the upper surface of the deck plate upon which the roof paper 152 is laid proximate the roof drain 10.
When the drain 10 is assembled, with reference to FIGS. 9 and 12, the second portion 112 and second surface angle 116 are generally configured to match the angle and radial width of the underside of the gravel ring 30 (described below). Similarly, the third portion 120 and third surface angle 124 are generally set to match with the angle and radial size of the underside of the dome 26. (See FIG. 9). While the second and third portions 112, 120 are shown having different surface angles in the illustrated embodiment, it is understood that in other embodiments, they may be the same.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, the dome 26 of the roof drain 10 is coupleable to the flange portion 46 of the base 18 and configured to at least partially enclose the inlet 40 of the channel 38. More specifically, the dome 26 acts as a filter by not allowing large items (e.g., rocks, sticks, and other debris) to enter the channel 38 during use. The dome 26 of the illustrated embodiment is formed from a plurality of ribs 176 and crossbars 180 arranged to produce gaps 200 therebetween. Together, the ribs 176 and crossbars 180 of the dome 26 produce an exterior profile or shape that includes a side profile portion 82 and a top profile portion 86. The dome 26 also defines an axial height.
As shown in FIG. 5, the gravel ring 30 of the roof drain 10 is generally configured to be releasably coupled the dome 26 to the base 18 in addition to acting as a preliminary filter by restricting the flow of large debris (e.g., gravel, sticks, garbage, and the like) from flowing into the dome 26 and/or channel 38. During installation, the gravel ring 30 is also configured to secure the roof paper 152 (FIG. 8) to the base 18 of the drain.
While the exterior and interior drain attachments 204, 208 are shown in FIG. 4 installed on a roof drain 10 having the illustrated base 18, dome 26, and gravel ring 30, it is understood that in alternative embodiments the exterior and/or interior drain attachments 204, 208 may be installed on alternative types and styles of roof drains (not shown).
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 13, the exterior drain attachment 204 is configured to be attached to the dome 26 of the roof drain 10 and influence the flow of water outside the roof drain 10 before passing through the gaps 200 (FIG. 8) of the dome 26. More specifically, the exterior roof drain attachment 204 is configured to help prevent swirling, erratic vortices, and overlapping flow currents from entering the drain 10 so that the water passing through the dome gaps 200 (FIG. 8) travels in a more linear trajectory (e.g., radial trajectory) and is streamlined to the entrance of the channel 38. In the illustrated embodiment, with reference to FIG. 2, the exterior drain attachment 204 defines a largest outer diameter D1 that is greater than a largest outer diameter D2 of the dome 26.
Now with reference to FIGS. 1-4 and 13, the exterior drain attachment 204 of the drain assembly 8 is generally cylindrical in shape defining a central axis 228. The exterior drain attachment 204 includes a first support ring 212 having a first diameter, a second support ring 216 spaced radially outwardly from the first support ring 212 and having a second diameter greater than the first diameter, and a third support ring 220 positioned axially below the second support ring 216 and having a third diameter. The exterior drain attachment 204 also includes a plurality of baffles 224 each extending radially outwardly from the first support ring 212 and beyond the second and third support rings 216, 220 to produce a distal end 232 at a fourth diameter. The fourth diameter is equivalent to the largest outer diameter D1 of the exterior drain attachment 204. As such, the distal ends 232 of the plurality of baffles 224 is located a further distance from the central axis 228 than any point, or position, of the dome 26 along the largest outer diameter D2 of the dome 26.
In the illustrated embodiment, all three support rings 212, 216, 220, are concentric to the axis 228 and serve as reinforcement members extending between and interconnecting adjacent baffles 224. During use, the support rings 212, 216, 220 reinforce the exterior drain attachment 204 and maintain the baffles 224 in their desired orientations relative to each other. While the illustrated third support ring 220 has a third diameter that is smaller than the second diameter of the second support ring 216, it is understood that in alternative embodiments the third diameter may be equivalent to or larger than the second diameter. Furthermore, while the first and second support rings 216, 220 are shown being on the same axial plane, it is understood that in alternative embodiments different relativistic orientations may be used. Finally, while the illustrated embodiment includes three support rings 212, 216, 220 it is understood that in alternative embodiments more or fewer rings may be present. In still other embodiment, the rings 212, 216, 220 may be replaced or supplemented by a plurality of interconnecting support members extending between and being coupled to adjacent baffles 224 as needed to provide the desired support and rigidity to the overall device.
As shown in FIG. 13, each baffle 224 of the plurality of baffles includes an elongated plate-like body 222 with a first end proximate the first support ring 212, the distal end 232 opposite the first end, and a pair of side surfaces extending between the first end and the distal end 232. The side surfaces of the illustrated baffles 224 are substantially planar being oriented substantially parallel to the axis 228 in a vertical orientation and substantially radial to the axis 228 in a horizontal orientation. While the illustrated side surfaces are planar, it is understood that in alternative embodiments all or a portion of the side surfaces may be curved in the vertical orientation, the horizontal orientation, or both. In still other embodiments, the side surfaces may include grooves, ribs, fins, and/or other flow control elements formed thereon to influence the flow of water through the gaps 260 formed between adjacent baffles 224.
The body 222 of each baffle 224 also includes a top edge 236 and a bottom edge 240 opposite the top edge 236. As shown in FIG. 4, the top edge 236 of each of the illustrated baffles 224 is oriented perpendicular to the axis 228, and when installed on a dome 26, is positioned vertically above the top profile portion 86 of the dome 26 so that at least a portion of each of the baffles 224 axially overlaps at least a portion of the dome 26.
With reference to FIG. 4, the bottom edge 240 of each baffle 224 includes a first portion 244 that substantially corresponds with and follows the exterior contour (e.g., the side profile portion 82 and the top profile portion 86) of the dome 26, and a second portion 248 extending radially outwardly from the first portion 244 substantially perpendicular to the axis 228. More specifically, the size and shape of the first portion 244 of the bottom edge 240 forms a cut-out or notch in the body 222 of each baffle 224 that is sized and shaped to correspond with the exterior of the dome 26 (see FIG. 4). Taken together, the notches of each of the baffles 224 are sized and shaped to receive at least a portion of the dome 26 therein. By doing so, the dome 26 can be nested within the exterior drain attachment 204 during use so that the baffles 224 overlap and encompass at least a portion of the dome 26 in both the axial and radial directions.
In the present embodiment, with reference to FIGS. 4 and 13, the baffles 224 of the exterior drain attachment 204 are spaced evenly along the entire circumference thereof so that all of the gaps 260 between adjacent baffles 224 are the same (see FIG. 13). However, in alternative embodiments the baffles 224 may be spaced unevenly or in alternating patterns from one another to produce gaps 260 having difference sizes therebetween. Still further, in the illustrated embodiment there are eighteen baffles 224 in the exterior drain attachment 204. However, in other embodiments, there may be fewer or more baffles 224 as needed.
The distal edge of each baffle 224 at the distal end 232 includes a substantially linear edge oriented parallel to the axis 228 at the fourth diameter. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 13, the fourth diameter is greater than the first, second, and third diameters such that the distal edge of each baffle 224 at the distal end 232 extends radially beyond all three support rings 212, 216, 220. In the illustrated embodiment, the fourth diameter is also greater than the outer diameter of the corresponding roof drain 10 (e.g., greater than the base 18, the gravel ring 30, and the dome 26). However, in alternative embodiments the fourth diameter may be increased or decreased as necessary to produce the desired flow characteristics. Furthermore, while each of the baffles 224 of the exterior drain attachment 204 has the same outer diameter (e.g., the fourth diameter), in alternative embodiments different baffles 224 may have different outer diameters.
During use, with reference to FIGS. 4, 8, and 13, the plurality of baffles 224 is configured to divide incoming extraneous water flow into the plurality of water flow channels or gaps 260. In other words, the plurality of baffles 224 prevents incoming water from swirling around the roof drain 10 prior to entering the roof drain 10 and thus inhibits vortices from forming. Each of the plurality of water flow channels or gaps 260 is in fluid communication with the roof drain 10 and thus in fluid communication with the throat portion 42 and the plumbing system 34. The plurality of baffles 224 redirects swirling water to have a more linear trajectory through the plurality of gaps 260 such that water flow is streamlined to the entrance of the dome gaps 200 and flows in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the central axis 50 (e.g., radially; FIG. 11). The linear trajectory of water flow caused by the exterior plurality of baffles 224 inhibits vortices within the roof drain 10 and thus reduces stress on the roof drain 10 and the plumbing system 34 in fluid communication with the roof drain 10. Further, the linear trajectory of the water flow allows for water to pass through the roof drain 10 faster than swirling water. Faster drainage reduces the amount of time excess water may spend on the roof 14 and thus reduces the amount of weight and stress the roof 14 must bear as a result.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the exterior drain attachment 204 further includes a locking mechanism 264. The locking mechanism 264 is configured to couple the exterior drain attachment 204 to the dome 26 when assembled. In some embodiments, the locking mechanism 264 may include a latch, fastener, and the like that physically fixes the exterior drain attachment 204 to the dome 26 so that the two elements move together as a single unit. In other embodiments, the locking mechanism 264 may include a stop or plurality of stops that are configured to rotationally fix and align the exterior drain attachment 204 relative to the dome 26 while allowing the exterior drain attachment 204 to be axially lifted off the top of the dome 26. In either embodiment, the locking mechanism 264 may also be configured to align the exterior drain attachment 204 relative to the dome 26 so that the gaps 260 (FIG. 13) between the baffles 224 align with the gaps 200 (FIG. 8) of the dome 26 to improve flow characteristics. In other embodiments, the locking mechanism 264 may include a clasp mechanism configured to couple one or a multiple of the first support ring 212, the second support ring 216, the third support ring 220, and the exterior plurality of baffles 224 to the dome 26 such that movement of the exterior drain attachment 204 in all degrees of freedom is restricted. Furthermore, while the illustrated embodiment depicts the exterior drain attachment 204 being coupled to the dome 26, it is understood that in alternative embodiments the exterior drain attachment 204 may be integrally formed with the dome 26. In still other embodiments, the exterior drain attachment 204 may be coupled to the gravel ring 30 and/or the base 18. In still other embodiments, the exterior drain attachment 204 may be integrally formed with the gravel ring 30 and/or the base 18.
While the illustrated exterior drain attachment 204 is shown being used together with the interior drain attachment 208 (described below), it is understood that the exterior drain attachment 204 may be installed on a drain by itself without the interior drain attachment 208 being present. In still other embodiments, the exterior drain attachment 204 may be sold separately and/or together with the interior drain attachment 208 and be subsequently retrofit onto an existing drain.
FIG. 14 illustrates the interior drain attachment 208 of the drain assembly 8 (FIG. 1). With reference to FIGS. 1 and 14, the interior drain attachment 208 is configured to be positioned inside the dome 26 of the roof drain 10 and influence the flow of water inside the roof drain 10 after it has passed through the gaps 200 (FIG. 8) of the dome 26 (see FIG. 4). More specifically, the interior roof drain attachment 208 is configured to help prevent swirling, erratic vortices, and overlapping flow currents from entering the channel 38 and to help control the flow path of water such that after the water has passed through the gaps 200 (FIG. 8) of the dome 26, the water does not begin traveling in a chaotic or vortex motion. The interior drain attachment 208 also provides a way to inject air into the flow stream within the channel 38 so that the flow cannot transition from gravity flow regime to a siphonic flow regime.
With reference to FIGS. 14 and 15, the interior drain attachment 208 includes an elongated body 276 defining an axis 278, a first plurality of baffles 268 extending radially outwardly from the body 276, a second plurality of baffles 272 extending radially outwardly from the body 276, and a channel 282 extending axially through the body 276 and being open on both ends thereof.
The body 276 of the interior drain attachment 208 is substantially cylindrical in shape and has a first or top end 332, a second or bottom end 340 opposite the top end 332, and defines the channel 282 extending between and open at both the first end 332 and the second end 340. In the illustrated embodiment, the first end 332 of the body 276 extends axially and vertically above the dome 26 and the exterior drain attachment 204 to provide a venting location for the channel 282. Furthermore, the second end 340 is positioned within the channel 38 of the base 18 proximate the outlet 22 (FIG. 4) thereof. By doing so, the body 276 and the channel 282 within the body 276 permit air to be drawn in from the first end 332, which is positioned vertically above the anticipated water level, and inject the air into the water flow within the channel 38 of the drain 10. This injected air, in turn, maintains the drain 10 in a gravity flow regime and avoids the system from transitioning into a siphonic regime as air is always present within the plumbing system 34 (FIG. 8). More specifically, the injected air prevents the pressure differential within the flowing water from growing large enough to trigger the transition from gravity flow to siphonic flow.
As shown in FIG. 14, the first plurality of baffles 268 includes three baffles each extending radially outwardly from the body 276 to produce a distal end 286. More specifically, each baffle 268 includes a plate-like body with a pair of opposing exterior surfaces 348 forming gaps or channels 352 between adjacent baffles 268. In the illustrated embodiment, each baffle 268 of the first plurality of baffles are oriented so that the exterior surfaces are planar, parallel with the axis 278 in the vertical orientation, and radial to the axis 278 in the horizontal orientation. While the illustrated embodiment includes three baffles 268 spaced equally (e.g., every 121.6 degrees) about the circumference of the body 276, in other embodiments fewer or more baffles 268 may be present or the baffles 268 may be positioned at uneven intervals from each other.
While the illustrated baffles 268 are planar it is also understood that in other embodiments the baffles 268 may be contoured in the vertical and/or horizontal directions. Furthermore, the exterior surfaces 348 of the baffles 268 may include ribs, grooves, and/or fins or other flow-control elements to influence the flow of water as it interacts with the interior drain attachment 208.
The distal end 286 of each baffle 268 is positioned so that, when the interior drain attachment 208 is installed in the drain 10, the distal ends 286 of each baffle 268 engage with a corresponding rib 176 (FIG. 8) and/or crossbar 180 (FIG. 8) of the dome 26 to support and position the interior drain attachment 208 with respect thereto (see FIG. 4). More specifically, the illustrated distal ends 286 maintain the interior drain attachment 208 within the dome 26 so that the axis 278 of the interior drain attachment 208 aligns with the central axis 50 of the base 18 and is elevated above the inner surface 58 of the channel 38. In some embodiments, the distal ends 286 may also be sized and shaped to restrict relative rotation between the dome 26 and the interior drain attachment 208.
In the illustrated embodiment, the distal end 286 includes a clasp 304 to engage the dome 26 (see FIG. 14). In some embodiments, the clasp 304 includes a pair of teeth or protrusions sized and spaced apart to receive a corresponding one of a rib 176 and/or crossbar 180 therein. In other embodiments, different forms of clasp 304 may be present.
Each of the first plurality of interior baffles 268 has a generally arched exterior shape with a top contour portion 354 and a bottom contour portion 288. The top contour portion 354 of each baffle 268, in turn, includes a proximal portion 280, a distal portion 284, and a fillet 290 extending between the proximal and distal portions 280, 284. In the illustrated embodiment, proximal portion 280 is extends perpendicular to the axis 278 and is positioned relatively vertically higher than the distal portion 284 such that the fillet 290 curves downwards to merge with the distal portion 284. The distal portion 284 is generally longer in horizontal length (i.e., perpendicular to the axis 278) than the proximal portion 280. As shown in FIG. 15, the top contour portion 354 of the baffles 268 form a gap or void between the baffle 268 and the dome 26.
The bottom contour portion 288 of each baffle 268 includes a concave edge originating at the body 276 and extending vertically upwardly and radially outwardly to the distal end 286. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom contour portion 288 is of generally the same curvature as the inner surface 58 of the channel 38 of the roof drain 10 (FIG. 11). When assembled, the interior drain attachment 208 is supported within the dome 26 so that the bottom contour portion 288 is elevated axially above the inner surface 58 to form a gap therebetween (FIG. 15).
As shown in FIG. 14, the second plurality of baffles 272 includes three baffles each extending radially outwardly from the body 276. More specifically, each baffle 272 includes a plate-like body with a pair of opposing exterior surfaces 358 forming gaps or channels 362 between adjacent baffles 272. In the illustrated embodiment, each baffle 272 is oriented so that the exterior surfaces 358 are planar, parallel with the axis 278 in the vertical orientation, and radial to the axis 278 in the horizontal orientation. Furthermore, the three baffles 272 are positioned equally about the circumference of the body 276 (e.g., every 121.6 degrees) and offset from the first plurality of baffles 268 so that each baffle 272 of the second plurality of baffles 272 is axially aligned with a corresponding one of the channels 352 defined between adjacent baffles 268 of the first plurality of baffles. Furthermore, the second plurality of baffles 272 are at least partially offset axially from the first plurality of baffles 268 so that at least a portion of the second baffles 272 are positioned axially below the first baffles 268.
Each baffle 272 of the second plurality of baffles has a substantially curved exterior profile and produces a second outer diameter that is less than the first outer diameter of the first plurality of baffles 268. By doing so, the second plurality of baffles 272 can be positioned more downstream into the channel 38 of the drain 10 when installed therein. Each of the second plurality of interior baffles 272 has an upper end 308 and a lower end 312. The upper end 308 is positioned at roughly the same height as the first end 292 of the bottom contour portion 288 of each of the first plurality of interior baffles 268. Each of the second plurality of interior baffles 272 curves downwards and outwards to a rounded edge 316 such that a first curve 320 is defined. The first curve 320 is a gradual curve. From the rounded edge 316, each of the second plurality of interior baffles 272 has a second curve 324, a relatively sharper curve than the first curve, to the lower end 312.
While the illustrated second plurality of baffles 272 includes three baffles, in other embodiments, the second plurality of interior baffles 272 may include fewer or more baffles 272 as needed including a number of baffles generally corresponding to the number of channels 352 formed by the first plurality of baffles 268.
While the illustrated exterior and interior drain attachments 204, 208 are shown as independent items capable of being installed with a separate roof drain 10 having a separate dome 26, separate gravel ring 30, and the like, it is understood that in alternative embodiments the exterior and/or interior drain attachments 204, 208 may be integrally formed together with the dome 26, gravel ring 30, base 18, and the like. It is further understood that in alternative embodiments, any combination of the exterior drain attachment 204, the interior drain attachment 208, the dome 26, the gravel ring 30, the base 18, and the like may be integrally formed together. Furthermore, while the exterior and interior drain attachments 204, 208 are shown operating together (see FIG. 1) it is understood that a roof drain 10 may be equipped with only one of the two attachments 204, 208 during use.
With reference to FIGS. 1,4, and 8, to install the drain assembly 8 on the roof 14 of a building, the base 18 of the roof drain 10 is first installed in the roof 14 by attaching the outlet 22 to a corresponding pipe of the plumbing system 34 and aligning the flange portion 46 with the top surface 130 of the roof 14. Roof paper 152 may also be laid down as needed.
With the base 18 in place, the user may then couple the interior drain attachment 208 to the inside of the dome 26 by engaging the distal ends 286 of the baffles 268 with the crossbars 180 of the dome 26. With the interior drain attachment 208 in place, the user may then position the dome 26 on the base 18 and secure it in place with the gravel ring 30.
Finally, the user may place the exterior drain attachment 204 on top of the dome 26. In instances where a locking mechanism 264 is present, the user may also engage the locking mechanism 264 to secure the exterior drain attachment 204 to the dome 26.
During use, with continued reference to FIGS. 1, 4, and 8, the roof drain assembly 8 generally has three stages in which water flow is redirected to a more linear trajectory such that vortices are inhibited from forming, air is injected into the water flow, and a gravitational flow regime is maintained. The first stage occurs as the free-flowing water collected on the roof 14 (e.g., during a rainstorm and the like) encounters the exterior drain attachment 204 and flows through the gaps 260 thereof. More specifically, the free-flowing water on the roof 14 encounters the baffles 224 of the exterior drain attachment 204 whereby the baffles 224 redirect the water flow radially inwardly and through the gaps 200 of the dome 26 while simultaneously helping to prevent any swirling, erratic vortices, and overlapping flow currents from entering the drain 10.
The second stage occurs after the water has passed through the gaps 200 of the dome 26 and begins flowing into the channel 38. More specifically, water entering the roof drain 10 through the plurality of gaps 200 of the dome 26 engages the first plurality of baffles 268 and the second plurality of baffles 272 of the interior drain attachment 208 such that the baffles 268, 272 inhibit the water flow from swirling around the throat portion 42. The first two stages work in tandem to reduce stress on the plumbing system 34 caused by excessive or restricted air entrainment from vortices formed by incoming water flow. Further, the first two stages work in tandem to reduce the amount of time extraneous water is present on the roof 14 prior to entering the roof drain 10.
The third stage includes injecting air into the water flow as it exits the drain 10 (e.g., via the outlet 22) and enters the plumbing system 34. More specifically, the flow of water through the channel 38 draws air into the channel 282 via the first end 332. The drawn air then flows through the channel 282, exits the second end 340, and is injected into the water flow proximate the outlet 22. The added airflow prevents the water flow from transitioning from gravity flow to siphon flow. Siphon flow may cause undue stress on the piping system and slow down water flow through the piping system when provided in addition to gravity flow. Thus, the channel 282 in the interior drain attachment 208, in addition to the exterior plurality of baffles 224, the first plurality of baffles 268, and the second plurality of baffles 272, reduces undue stresses on the piping system and reducing the amount of time for water flow to pass through the drain.
FIGS. 17-20 illustrate another embodiment of the drain assembly 1008. The drain assembly 1008 is substantially similar to the drain assembly 8 and therefore only the differences will be described in detail herein. The drain assembly 1008 includes an exterior drain attachment 1204 and an interior drain attachment 1208.
The exterior drain attachment 1204 includes a first support ring 1210, a second support ring 1212, and a plurality of baffles 1216. The baffles 1216 are generally rectangular in shape being oriented substantially parallel to the axis 1228 in the vertical direction and substantially radially aligned in the horizontal orientation. The baffles 1216 are positioned such that they are positioned radially outside the dome 1026 while not being positioned axially above the dome 1026. Furthermore, the baffles 1216 have a vertical height that is greater than the vertical height of the dome 1026.
As shown in FIG. 17, the exterior drain attachment 1204 also includes a mounting bracket 1232. The bracket 1232 is substantially horizontally oriented extending between two adjacent baffles 1216. In the illustrated embodiment, the bracket 1232 is positioned so that it proximate the bottom of the baffles 1216 near the gravel ring 1030. When assembled, the exterior drain attachment 1204 is directly coupled to the gravel ring 1030 by a fastener 1036 passing through the bracket 1232 and into the gravel ring 1030 itself. While the illustrate fastener 1036 is separate from the fasteners used to connect the gravel ring 1030 to the base 1018, it is understood in alternative embodiments that the same fastener may be used to interconnect all three elements together (e.g., the exterior drain attachment 1204, the gravel ring 1030, and the base 1018) to save costs and make it easier to retrofit the exterior drain attachment 1204 to a drain without needing to drill additional holes.
As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the interior drain attachment 1208 includes a plurality of axially spaced apertures 1250 formed into the body 1276 thereof and open to the channel 1282. More specifically, the apertures 1250 axially spaced along the exposed surfaces of the body 1276 between the first plurality of baffles 1268. In the illustrated embodiment, the apertures 1250 are evenly spaced from each other and positioned to vertically correspond with the height and location of the first plurality of baffles 1268. However, in alternative embodiments additional apertures 1250 may be present along the entire axial length of the body 1276, have additional apertures 1250 positioned between the second plurality of baffles 1272, and/or some combination thereof. Furthermore, while the apertures 1250 of the illustrated embodiment are all the same size and evenly spaced apart, it is understood that in alternative embodiments the apertures 1250 may vary in size or be located at different intervals from each other.
During use, the apertures 1250 are configured to allow air to enter and exit the channel 1282 at various vertical heights along the axial length of the body 1276 other than only at the top end 1332 and the bottom end 1340 thereof. By doing so, the interior drain attachment 1208 is able to more effectively prevent the formation of siphonic flow conditions within the drain assembly 1008 (e.g., the interior drain attachment 1208 can prevent the formation of siphonic flow conditions along the entire axial length thereof). For example, in instances where siphonic flow characteristics (e.g., a low-pressure region) begins to form at a location other than proximate the bottom end 1340 of the body 1276, air will be drawn into the channel 1282 through the top end 1332 and be subsequently injected into the water flow by flowing out from the apertures 1250 positioned closest to the relevant location. By doing so, the air will help prevent the formation of the pressure differentials needed for a siphonic flow to form at that particular location. As such, the interior drain attachment 1208 can specifically address siphonic flow characteristics anywhere along the axial length of the body 1276.
Still further, the apertures 1250 may also be used to allow a greater volume of air to be drawn into the channel 1282. More specifically, in conditions where one or more of the apertures 1250 are positioned above the current water level, air may be drawn into the channel 1282 via those apertures 1250. This is particularly useful in instances where the top end 1332 may become clogged or otherwise restricted.
While not shown, the interior drain attachment 1208 may also include a filter or cap attached to the top end 1332 of the body 1276. Such a cap would be configured to allow air to enter the channel 1282 while preventing debris from entering into and clogging the channel 1282. Such caps may include a screen or filter, an enclosed cap having a tortuous path, and the like.
As shown in FIG. 18, the interior drain attachment 1208 also includes a fastener 1254 to couple the interior drain attachment 1208 to the dome 1026. As shown, the fastener 1254 is threaded onto a set of exterior threads present along at least the top portion of the body 1276. When attached, the fastener 1254 provides a secure connection that maintains the interior drain attachment 1208 both axially aligned with the dome 1026 and vertically positioned relative to the dome 1026 and base 1018. In some embodiments, the joint formed by the fastener 1254 may be adjustable such that the user can modify the relative vertical location of the body 1276 relative to the base 18 and more specifically locate the bottom end 1340 relative to the base 18.
FIGS. 21-29 illustrate another embodiment of a drain assembly 2008. The drain assembly 2008 includes a base 2012, a drain attachment 2016, and a dome 2020. The drain attachment 2016 mounts to the base 2012, and the dome 2020 mounts to the drain attachment 2016, as will be described in further detail. The base 2012 at least partially defines a channel 2024 that may be placed in fluid communication with a plumbing system. The drain assembly 2008 is configured to intake rainwater and discharge the water into a plumbing system producing a gravitational flow therein, as disclosed in further detail with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4.
FIG. 23 illustrates the base 2012 of the drain assembly 2008. The base 2012 is substantially similar to the base 18 of FIGS. 1-4, except for the differences described herein. The base 2012 is substantially “funnel” shaped defining the channel 2024 through which rainwater may be directed into a plumbing system of the building. More specifically, when rainwater collects on a roof in which the drain assembly 2008 is installed, the water flows into an inlet 2032 of the channel 2024 where it is directed into a plumbing system via an outlet 2036 thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the base 2012 includes a throat portion 2040 at least partially defining the channel 2024, and a flange portion 2044 extending radially outwardly from the throat portion 2040. Together, the throat portion 2040 and flange portion 2044 define a central axis 2048.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 24 and 25, the flange portion 2044 of the base 2012 extends radially outwardly from a first end 2052 of the throat portion 2040 to produce an outer edge 2056. The outer edge 2056, in turn, defines a top plane 2060 (e.g., generally oriented normal to the axis 2048 and positioned at the axial highest point of the base 2012), and an outer diameter 2064. The flange portion 2044 includes a first portion 2068 extending radially inwardly from the outer edge 2056 at a first surface angle 2072 relative to the axis 2048, a second portion 2076 extending radially inwardly from the first portion 2068 at a second surface angle 2080 relative to the axis 2048, and a third portion 2084 extending radially inwardly from the second portion 2076 at a third surface angle 2088. As shown in FIG. 25, the first surface angle 2072 is less than the second surface angle 2080 (e.g., the first surface angle 2072 is steeper than the second surface angle 2080), and the second surface angle 2080 is less than the third surface angle 2088 (e.g., the second surface angle 2080 is steeper than the third surface angle 2088).
The base 2012 also includes a first plurality of threaded apertures 2090 formed into the flange portion 2044 and outside the channel 2024. During use, the threaded apertures 2090 are configured to receive a threaded fastener therein to couple the drain attachment 2016 to the base 2012. Similarly, the base 2012 includes a second plurality of threaded apertures 2091 on the underside thereof for securing the base 2012 to a roof or other building structure.
As illustrated in FIGS. 26 and 27, the drain attachment 2016 drain assembly 2008 is configured to mount to the base 2012 and regulate the flow of water into the channel 2024 thereof. The drain attachment 2016 includes base plate 2124, a gravel ring 2120 extending from the base plate 2124, and a weir body 2116 extending from the base plate 2124. Together, the gravel ring 2120 and the weir body 2116 cooperatively affect the fluid flow into the channel 2024.
The base plate 2124 of the drain attachment 2016 is substantially disk-shaped defining an outer diameter that substantially corresponds with the outer diameter of the base 2012. The base plate 2124 includes a top surface 2126 and a bottom or underside surface 2092 opposite the top surface 2126. During use, water or other fluids flow over the top surface radially inwardly toward the weir body 2116 (discussed below) before flowing into the channel 2024.
The underside surface 2092 of the base plate 2124 is generally sized and shaped to correspond with the size and shape of the flange portion 2044 of the base plate 2124. More specifically, the underside surface 2092 includes a first annulus 2096 with a first annulus angle 2100, a second annulus 2104 with a second annulus angle 2108, and a disc portion 2112. Returning reference to FIG. 22, when the drain assembly 2008 is assembled, the first portion 2068 and the first surface angle 2072 (FIG. 25) of the flange portion 2044 is radially and angularly congruent with the first annulus 2096 and the first annulus angle 2100 (FIG. 26) of the drain attachment 2016. Further, the second portion 2076 and the second surface angle 2080 (FIG. 25) of the flange portion 2044 is radially and angularly congruent with the second annulus 2104 and the second annulus angle 2108 (FIG. 26) of the drain attachment 2016. With reference to FIG. 26, while the first annulus angle 2100 and the second annulus angle 2108 are shown having different surface angles in the illustrated embodiment, it is understood that in other embodiments, they may be the same. The disc portion 2112 extends substantially horizontally between a lower end of the second annulus 2104 and covers a portion of the inlet 2032 to the channel 2024 when the drain assembly 2008 is assembled.
The weir body 2116 of the drain attachment 2016 extends upwardly from the top surface 2126 of the base plate 2124 and is configured to regulate the flow of water into the channel 2024. More specifically, the weir body 2116 extends away from the base plate 2124 substantially along the axis 2048 in a direction opposite the underside surface 2092. In the illustrated embodiment, the weir body 2116 extends from base plate 2124 a first height H1 that is less than the overall vertical height of the dome 2020 so that weir body 2116 can be completely positioned within the dome 2020. The first height H1 is generally configured for use with a flat roof.
In other embodiments, the weir body 2116 may have the second height that is greater than the first height H1. Such embodiments are typically configured for use with a relatively sloped roof In still other embodiments, the weir body 2116 may have a height that is less than the first height H1. In still other embodiments, the weir body 2116 may have a height that is greater the second height. In even further embodiments, the weir body 2116 may have a height infinitely between the first height H1 and the second height.
The weir body 2116 is substantially polygonal in shape forming a plurality of flats 2132 and a top support lattice 2140 at least partially enclosing the top of the weir body 2116. The lattice 2140, in turn, defines one or more openings 2128. More specifically, the weir body 2116 includes six flats 2132 such that the weir body 2116 is hexagonal. The openings 2128, in turn, are disposed at an end 2136 of the weir body 2116 opposite the base plate 2124. In the illustrated embodiments, when the drain attachment 2016 is attached to the base 2012, each opening 2128 is in fluid communication with the channel 2024 in the drain assembly 2008. Each of the flats 2132 extends substantially rectangularly between the end 2136 of the weir body 2116 and the base plate 2124. Each of the flats 2132 also shares a joint 2144 with an adjacent flat 2132.
The weir body 2116 also defines one or more flow notches 2148, each formed into a corresponding flat 2132. More specifically, each flow notch 2148 is defined by two parabolic edges 2152 generally extending between the base plate 2124 of the drain attachment 2016 and the opening 2128. In the illustrated embodiment, the parabolic edges 2152 are substantially convex edges. In other embodiments, the parabolic edges 2152 may be substantially concave edges. Each flow notch 2148 is sized and shaped to permit a rate of up to ten gallons per minute per inch of head pressure measured relative to the top surface 2126 of the base plate 2124. As such, in embodiments in which each of the flats 2132 is formed with a flow notch 2148, the drain assembly 2008 may be able to receive fluid flow at a total rate of 60 gallons per minute per inch of head pressure measured relative to the top surface 2126 of the base plate 2124.
FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate the gravel ring 2120 of the drain attachment 2016. The gravel ring 2120 includes a plurality of teeth 2156 and a plurality of locking members 2160, both integrally formed with the base plate 2124. The teeth 2156 of the gravel ring 2120 extend axially from the top surface 2126 of the base plate 2124 of the drain attachment 2016 and are spaced in equal groups about the circumference thereof. More specifically, the illustrated teeth 2156 include six groups of five equally spaced teeth 2156, each separated by a corresponding bolt aperture 2164. Together, the teeth 2156 and bolt apertures 2164 are all equally spaced about the circumference of the gravel ring 2120 and generally located at the same radial distance from the axis 2048. As such, when the drain attachment 2016 is installed, the head of a fastener that is received in each the bolt apertures 2164 serves to act as a “tooth” in the gravel ring 2120. By doing so, the fasteners are both easily accessible by the user while minimizing any restrictions to the water flow past the gravel ring 2120 itself.
As illustrated in FIG. 28, each tooth 2156 of the gravel ring 2120 is substantially “diamond” shaped having a leading point 2168 positioned proximate an outer diameter 2170, and a trailing point 2172 positioned opposite the leading point 2168. The leading point 2168 and trailing point 2172 of each tooth 2156 falls on a datum line 2176 extending radially from the axis 2048.
Each tooth 2156 also includes a leading angle 2180 and a trailing angle 2184. For the purposes of this application, the leading angle 2180 is generally defined as the angle at which the tooth 2156 extends from the leading point 2168 while the trailing angle 2184 is generally defined as the angle at which the tooth 2156 extends from the trailing point 2172. The leading angle 2180 is greater than the trailing angle 2184. Each tooth 2156 is also shaped so that it tapers as it extends axially from the base plate 2124 of the drain attachment 2016.
The gravel ring 2120 also includes a plurality of gullets 2188 formed between a corresponding pair of teeth 2156, between a tooth 2156 and bolt aperture 2164 (e.g., the head of the fastener positioned in the bolt aperture 2164), or between a tooth 2156 and a locking member 2160. The gullets 2188, are equally spaced about the entire circumference of the gravel ring 2120, including those gullets 2188 associated with the bolt apertures 2164 and locking members 2160.
As best illustrated in FIG. 27, the locking members 2160 of the gravel ring 2120 include a plurality of tabs extending radially inwardly toward the dome 2020 to produce a distal end 2192. Specifically, the locking members 2160 extend radially inward from a bolt aperture 2164 at an axial height therefrom to produce a gap between the underside of the locking member 2160 and the top surface 2126 of the base plate 2124. Although the gravel ring 2120 includes six bolt apertures 2164, only three of the bolt apertures 2164 include tabs extending radially inwardly to produce the distal end 2192.
The gravel ring 2120 additionally includes plate apertures 2190 beneath the tabs of the locking members 2160 that extend through the base plate 2124 and the underside surface 2092. More specifically, each plate aperture 2190 is sized and shaped to generally correspond to the size and shape of the locking member 2160 associated therewith. In the illustrated embodiment, each aperture 2190 is shaped so that an axial shadow cast from the associated locking member 2160 would pass completely through the plate aperture 2190 (e.g., the plate aperture 2190 is at least as large as or larger than the corresponding locking member 2160.
FIG. 29 illustrates the dome 2020 of the drain assembly 2008. The dome 2020 is substantially similar to the dome 26 of FIGS. 1-4, except for the differences described herein. With additional reference to FIG. 24, the dome 2020 may be coupled to the lattice 2140 and configured to at least partially enclose the inlet 2032 of the channel 2024. More specifically, the dome 2020 acts as a filter by not allowing large items (e.g., rocks, sticks, and other debris) to enter the channel 2024 during use. The dome 2020 is also configured to maximize the volume of water that may flow into the channel 2024 at any given time. The dome 2020 does this by maximizing the percentage of the exterior surface area thereof that is open for water to pass therethrough for a given dome 2020 size. As shown in FIG. 22, the dome 2020 is sized and shaped so that the weir body 2116 can be completely positioned therein.
With reference to FIGS. 21 and 29, the dome 2020 includes a first end 2192 positioned adjacent the base plate 2124 when the drain assembly 2008 is assembled and a second end 2196 opposite the first end. The dome 2020 includes locking members 2200 generally positioned at the first end 2192. The locking members 2200 of the dome 2020 are configured to both restrict the axial movement of the dome 2020 relative to the base 2012 and the drain attachment 2016 (e.g., clamp the dome 2020 to the base 2012) and rotationally orient the dome 2020 relative to both the base 2012 and gravel ring 2120. As shown in FIG. 29, the illustrated locking members 2200 each include a locking ridge 2204 and define a locking notch 2208 open to the radially outermost edge thereof.
The locking members 2160 of the gravel ring 2120 are configured to releasably engage with the locking members 2200 of the dome 2020. More specifically, the locking members 2160 of the gravel ring 2120 are configured to axially lock the dome 2020 against the base 2012 while also rotationally aligning the gravel ring 2120, dome 2020, and base 2012. The plate apertures 2190 provided beneath the tabs of the locking members 2160 of the gravel ring 2120 provide clearance for the locking members 2200 of the dome 2020 to selectively lock with the locking members 2160 of the gravel ring 2120.
FIG. 30 illustrates another embodiment of the gravel ring 3120. The gravel ring 3120 is substantially similar to the gravel ring 2120 so only the difference will be discussed in detail herein. The gravel ring 3120 includes a plurality of teeth 3156, and one or more bolt apertures 3164. Together, the teeth 3156 and bolt apertures 3164 are equally spaced along the circumference of the base plate 2124 with a gullet 3188 being formed between each element. As shown in FIG. 30, both the teeth 3156 and bolt apertures 3164 are all located substantially the same radial distance from the axis 2048.
The gravel ring 3120 includes a plurality of teeth 3156 having a substantially chevron shape. More specifically, each tooth 3156 includes a leading surface 3000 positioned proximate to and facing the exterior of the base plate 3124, and a trailing surface 3004 opposite the leading surface 3000 and facing axis 2048. Each tooth 3156 also narrows as it extends axially from the base plate 2124.
The leading surface 3000 is substantially convex, extending outwardly away from the tooth 3156. In the illustrated embodiment the leading surface 3000 includes a pair of planar surfaces set at an angle relative to one another to form a point 3008 and facing radially outwardly. More specifically, the planar surfaces are oriented such that they extend away from each other as they extend radially inwardly. In alternative embodiments, the leading surface 3000 may include a single, convex curved surface as well.
The trailing surface 3004 is substantially concave, extending inwardly into the tooth 3156. In the illustrated embodiment, the trailing surface 3004 includes a curved concave surface. However, in alternative embodiments multiple planar surfaces may also be used.
FIG. 31 illustrates another embodiment of the gravel ring 4120. The gravel ring 4120 is substantially similar to the gravel ring 2120 so only the differences will be discussed in detail herein. The gravel ring 4120 includes a plurality of teeth 4156, and one or more bolt apertures 4164. Together, the teeth 4156 and bolt apertures 4164 are equally spaced along the circumference of a base plate 4124 with a gullet 4000 being formed between each item. As shown in FIG. 31, both the teeth 4156 and bolt apertures 4164 are all located substantially the same radial distance from a central axis, such as axis 2048 (FIG. 29).
The gullets 4000 of the gravel ring 4120 each include a low point or bottom 4004 that, when installed on a base, such as base 2012 (FIG. 27), is below a top plane, such as top plane 2060 (FIG. 25). In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom 4004 of the gullet 4000 is coincident with a top surface 4126 of the base plate 4124. Furthermore, the illustrated gravel ring 4120 includes the same number of gullets 4000 as the number of gaps in the dome 2020. In alternative embodiments, the gravel ring 4120 may include a number of gullets 4000 that is a multiple of the number of gaps.
The teeth 4156 of the gravel ring 4120 are substantially rectangular in shape having a wider circumferential dimension than radial dimension. Each tooth 4156 also narrows as it extends axially from the top surface 4126 of the base plate 4124. While the illustrated teeth 4156 are rectangular, in alternative embodiments, different shapes may be used. In still other embodiments, the size and shape of the teeth 4156 may vary on a single gravel ring 4120 (e.g., a portion of the teeth 4156 are rectangular, a portion are diamond, and the like). Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of one or more independent aspects of the invention as described.
Patent Application
20230228087
