FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to pumps and compressors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pumps are used to pump fluids, including liquids and gasses, and to compress gasses. These devices may be powered by engines or motors that supply rotary motion, which may be converted to a reciprocating motion in some cases. Generally, rotary pumps and compressors may be more efficient since the direction of motion is not changed, as is the case with reciprocating engines. However, there continues to be a need for improved rotary pumps and compressors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The rotary compressor or pump comprises an upper annular housing and a lower annular housing that form a stator. The upper annular housing and lower annular housing are mutually adjacent and concentric about a central rotary axle, each of the upper annular housing and the lower annular housing having a plurality of piston voids formed therein and a pistons disposed in each of the plurality of piston voids, and a cam having a plurality of lobes engaging the plurality of pistons. A connecting rod connects adjacent upper and lower pistons to move one piston away from its piston void as the cam pushes a paired piston into its piston void.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a perspective view of the invention apparatus;
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view with a top panel and the lower annular housing removed;
FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view with a first upper annular housing removed from a second upper annular housing, exposing piston voids and features of each housing element;
FIG. 4 shows pistons inserted in the piston voids depicted in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view similar to FIG. 2, and includes a lower annular housing but without pistons disposed in piston voids of the lower annular housing;
FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view similar to FIG. 5, with lower pistons disposed in the piston voids, with the lower pistons alternately articulated;
FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view similar to FIG. 6, with the rotary axle positioned in the cam recess of the stator;
FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view similar to FIG. 5 with the lobes of the cam alternately engaging the pistons of the upper annular housing;
FIG. 9 shows the view of FIG. 8, but with the upper annular housing elements removed;
FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the cam;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view, with the cam and lobes engaging alternate pistons (shown in isolation) of the upper and lower annular housings;
FIG. 12 is an elevation of the device of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a bottom view similar to FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 11 showing fasteners for mounting the top panel to the upper annular housing;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 14, with the top panel shown and the fasteners installed;
FIG. 16 illustrates the upper and lower pistons in fluid communication with fluid exhaust and intake ports and the opening and closing movements of the adjacent pistons actuated by piston rods and gears;
FIG. 17 demonstrates the device used as a pump; and
FIG. 18 illustrates a section of a stator in isolation showing internal structure of the stator.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In accordance with the illustrations referenced herein, one or more embodiments of a rotary compressor or pump are disclosed and described, generally denoted by the reference character 10.
In one embodiment, as generally depicted in FIG. 1, the rotary compressor or pump 10 comprises a stator 12. The stator 12 comprises an upper annular housing 16 enclosed by a top panel 14 and a lower annular housing 18 enclosed by a bottom panel 20.
The ends of a centrally aligned rotary axle 22 are visible on the outside of the stator 12.
FIG. 2 through FIG. 7 illustrate the upper annular housing 16 and/or the lower annular housing 18, separately or in combination, in greater detail. For example, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 illustrate the upper annular housing 16 having a centrally formed cam recess 28. In addition, FIG. 2 (for the upper annular housing 16) as well as FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 (depicting the upper annular housing 16 and lower annular housing 18) illustrate a plurality of piston voids 24 and pistons 26 (with fixed end 26a and free end 26b) disposed therein.
FIG. 2 depicts the upper annular housing 16, which may be a single unit or multiple units. In one embodiment, the upper annular housing 16 is formed of two units, mutually adjacent first upper annular housing 16a and second upper annular housing 16b.
The first upper annular housing 16a is superjacent to the second upper annular housing 16b, and similarly the second upper annular housing 16b is subjacent to the first upper annular housing 16a. As depicted in FIG. 3, the first upper annular housing 16a has been removed to illustrate additional detail in the second upper annular housing 16b, although it is envisioned that the first and second upper annular housings 16a and 16b are substantially mirror images of one another, and are aligned and joined to form the piston voids 24 depicted therein.
In FIG. 3, the second upper annular housing 16b (representative of each annular housing element 16a, 16b, 18a, 18b) comprises an outer circumferential wall 16c and an opposing inner circumferential wall 16d, and having intermediately disposed top surface 16e and bottom surface 16f there between to form an annular housing body. The piston voids 24 are recesses formed in the top surface 16e and opening at the inner circumferential wall 16d. Each piston void 24 includes at least one fluid exhaust port 30 and at least one fluid intake port 31, into which fluid is drawn from or driven to the interior chamber(s) of the annular housing body, as also depicted in FIG. 16. In an embodiment, the exhaust and intake ports are fluidly coupled with separate exhaust and intake chambers that circumscribe the space formed between the outer and inner circumferential walls 16c and 16d of the upper annular housing 16 (or as representative for lower annular housing 18). This arrangement is virtually identical for the second lower annular housing 18b. For the first upper and first lower annular housing elements 16a and 18a, the voids 24 are formed in the lower surfaces and inner circumferential walls, with the top surfaces and outer circumferential walls intact.
Continuing with FIG. 3, for each of the piston voids 24, approximately one-half of the recess is illustrated. The piston voids 24 comprise a floor 24a, and three upstanding walls 24b-24d. The floor 24a and upstanding walls 24b-24d substantially complement the shape and design of the individual pistons 26 disposed therein. In addition to the at least one fluid exhaust port 30, the piston voids 24 also include a piston rod aperture 32.
FIG. 4 adds the pistons 26 to the piston voids 24 of FIG. 3. Consistent with FIG. 4 (and FIGS. 6, 7, 9, and 11-14), each piston 26 comprises a fixed end 26a opposite a free end 26b. A curvilinear inside wall 26c faces the cam recess 28 formed inside the annular housings 16/18. When urged into the closed position completely within a piston void 24, it is envisioned that the inside wall 26c of a piston 26 has a substantially similar profile with the inner circumferential wall 16d of the annular housing 16b (using the second upper annular housing 16b as an example). A substantially linear outside wall 26d is formed between fixed end 26a and free end 26b opposite the inside wall 26c and facing the deepest position inside the piston void 24. In addition, the pistons 26 may include a bearing 26e positioned at the inner face of the free end 26b, envisioned to engage the outermost surface of the cam lobes so encourage release and inhibit impingement during cam and lobe rotation. The pistons 26 may also include a piston ring 26f bounding the piston adjacent the linear wall 26d.
In particular, and in one embodiment of the piston voids 24 and pistons 26, the piston void floor 24a is substantially flat and parallel to the top and bottom surfaces 16e, 16f, accommodating a substantially flat underside of the piston 26. Upstanding walls 24b-24d generally complement each piston 26, with the fixed end wall 24b having a small sweeping recess to accommodate the curvature of the fixed end 26a of the piston 26. The free end wall 24d may include a larger sweeping recess to accommodate the larger curvature of the free end 26b of piston 26. The piston void wall 24c may be substantially linear and flat like the outside linear wall 26d of piston 26.
A piston rod aperture 32 may be included in the piston void 24. The aperture 32 accommodates a piston rod 34 utilized to interconnect pistons 26 disposed in the upper annular housing 16 with the adjacent pistons 26 disposed in the lower annular housing. The piston rod apertures 32 and rods 34 may include one or more bearings 33 (e.g., FIG. 9) for facilitating proper and enduring rotational or pivoting movement of the rod 34 in actuating movement of adjacent pistons 26 in the upper and lower annular housings 16 and 18.
As particularly illustrated in FIG. 16, one embodiment of the rods 34 and coupling between the upper and lower pistons 26u and 26l includes the utilization of complementary gears 35. The upper gear 35a depends from the lower terminus of upper rod 34a, and the lower gear 35b depends from the upper terminus of lower rod 34b. As the lower piston 26l is pushed closed by a cam lobe into its piston void 24, the upper piston 26l to which it is connected by the gear train is opened (moving inwardly toward the cam recess 28). The pistons on either side of 26u and 26l in the same housing are in an opposite configuration, since the lobes on the cams close every other piston within the housing. Each lower piston will be closed by the cam for the lower housing as the piston directly above it in the upper housing is opened by the gear train. Each upper piston will be closed by the cam for the upper housing as the piston directly below it in the lower housing is opened by the gear train. Each housing has a corresponding cam, with the cams staggered as shown in FIG. 10 to achieve each piston in a housing opening alternately.
The structure of FIG. 16 mounts in the housing 18, a portion of which is shown in FIG. 18. Channel 54 supplies either low pressure fluid to, or receives high pressure fluid from, piston void 24 through port 31. Channel 54 is enclosed by adjoining channel 56 formed in housing 16. Channel 58 supplies either low pressure fluid or receives high pressure fluid from piston void 24 through port 30. Channel 58 supplies low pressure fluid if channel 54 receives high pressure fluid and receives high pressure fluid if channel 54 supplies low pressure fluid. The channels 56 and 60 of housing 16 also receive or supply fluid in a like manner. The channels 58 and 60 may be enclosed by an adjoining housing or by an enclosure such as panel 14. An annular channel is present in each annular housing, such as 16a or 16b. The channels communicate with conduits 62, 64. The conduits receive and/or supply fluid from an external source such as tank 50.
FIG. 7 depicts the annular housings 16 and 18 forming the central cam recess 28, and with the rotary axle 22 aligned therein. It is envisioned that the axle 22 is concentric to the recess 28 and housings 16, 18. As depicted, two bearings 22a and 22b are aligned along the axle 22 and spaced apart at a length corresponding to the thickness of cam 36. The bearings 22a and 22b assist in maintaining the axial alignment of the cam 36 and lobes 38 relative to the housings 16, 18 and the corresponding piston voids 24 and pistons 26 therein.
FIG. 8 through FIG. 10 depict the cam 36 and lobes 38. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are similar views, with the upper annular housing 16 removed in FIG. 9 for greater clarity in arrangement and configuration of the cam 36 and lobes 38 relative to the pistons 26. Lobes 38a are aligned with the pistons 26 in the upper annular housing 16 and the lower lobes 38b are aligned with the pistons in the lower annular housing 18.
As illustrated in FIG. 9, lobes 38a engage each piston 26 (in the upper annular housing 16—not depicted) at or near the piston's free end 26b in the instant before the lobes 38a rotate toward the fixed end 26a of the adjacent piston 26. The lobes push the pistons into the corresponding piston voids 24 in sequence.
In FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the cam 36 and lobes 38 are depicted in various perspectives to illustrate the offset arrangement or configuration between the upper lobes 38a and the lower lobes 38b. FIG. 10 depicts the cam 36 and lobes 38 in isolation. It is envisioned that the cam 36 and lobes 38 may be a single-body construction. It is also envisioned that the cam 36 and lobes 38 may be constructed from multiple bodies and assembled into a unitary body.
In FIG. 11 (and FIG. 13), the cam 36 and lobes 38 are depicted in alignment with the pistons 26 of the upper and lower annular housings 16,18. In this illustration, pistons 26 aligned within the upper annular housing 16 are denoted by reference character 26u, and pistons 26 aligned within the lower annular housing 18 are denoted by reference character 26l for further clarity.
From this top-view perspective, the cam 36 and lobes 38 are depicted as rotating clockwise about the axle 22 (and counterclockwise from the bottom-up view in FIG. 13). Used only for illustration purposes, and by way of example, the cam 36 comprises upper lobes 38a having four lobes 38a approximately ninety-degrees apart in the same plane, and lower lobes 38b having four lobes 38b also approximately ninety-degrees apart in the same plane. As can be seen, the upper lobes 38a and the lower lobes 38b are offset by approximately forty-five degrees relative to one another. The same number of upper pistons 26u and lower pistons 26l are provided (eight) in this example, whereby eight pistons 26u, 26l are engaged simultaneously (four upper and four lower, as depicted), and eight pistons are unengaged. By the physical offset between the upper and lower lobes 38a and 38b, the upper lobes 38a engages the (four) pistons 26u at a time interval different from that which the lower lobe set 38b engages the (four) pistons 26l . When an upper piston 26u is in the closed position, the lower piston 26l immediately subjacent to that upper piston 26u is in the open position, and vice versa. Through the lobes 38a and 38b offsets and utilizing the piston rod 34 and gear 35 assisting in the articulation between open and closed positions, the cam 36 is capable of maximizing compression.
The number of lobes 38 and pistons 26 utilized may be variable based on desired dimensions, compression output, and other similar factors, and that the number of pistons and lobes will be provided in a 2:1 ratio (two pistons for every lobe), overall and with respect to each of the upper and lower annular housing 16, 18 levels provided. Additional pairs of upper and lower annular housings 16, 18 may be mounted over other pairs of upper and lower annular housings. The housings and axles 22 are connected as modules to increase the capacity of the device. Due to this modularity, the capacity of the device may also be decreased by removing one or more pairs of upper and lower annular housings.
FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are similar views, with the lower pistons (denoted elsewhere as 26l) removed and top panel 14 removed (but representative of the image turned over to reveal the bottom panel 20 and removed the upper pistons). In FIG. 14, the top panel 14 is absent for the purpose of illustration, revealing the fasteners 40 used to secure the top panel 14 to the upper annular housing 16 through fastener apertures 42 provided in the panel 14.
FIG. 17 is an example of the device used as a pump to pump a fluid from a tank 50. A power source, which may be a motor 52, is attached to rotary axle 22 to cause rotation of the cams 36. Rotation of the cams pulls fluid through a conduit such as 62, and into a channel such as 54,56 and ports 31 by means of half of the pistons 26 opening as described herein. The cams 36 continue to rotate as described herein to push the pistons closed, which expels the fluid through ports 30, communicating channels and conduits such as 64. Appropriate valves may be used to present back flow of both the intake and outlet of fluids. The device may be used to pump liquids and gasses, or to compress gasses.
Patent Grant
10077772
