Patent Application
20200158011
The application relates generally to a rotary internal combustion engine.
Rotary engines, such as for example Wankel engines, use the rotation of a piston to convert pressure into a rotating motion, instead of using reciprocating pistons. In these engines, the rotor typically includes a number of seals that remain in contact with a peripheral wall of the internal cavity of the engine throughout the rotational motion of the rotor to create a plurality of rotating chambers when the rotor rotates.
Rotary engines come in many forms. One well-known type, the Wankel engine, has a generally triangular rotor received in a two-lobed epitrochoid cavity. Other non-Wankel rotary engines types exist as well.
Rotors and internal cavities of rotary engines may be difficult to inspect, often requiring substantial disassembly to be able to inspect the more critical regions where combustion occurs.
In one aspect, there is provided a rotary engine comprising: an outer body having an internal cavity defined by two axially spaced apart end walls and a peripheral wall extending between the end walls, the peripheral wall having an insert opening defined therethrough in communication with the internal cavity, and a plurality of coolant passages defined through the peripheral wall in proximity of the insert opening, the coolant passages forming part of a cooling circuitry for circulating a liquid coolant therethrough; a rotor body rotatable within the internal cavity in sealing engagement with the peripheral wall and defining at least one chamber of variable volume in the internal cavity around the rotor body; and an insert removably received in the insert opening of the peripheral wall, the insert having a subchamber defined therein communicating with the internal cavity; wherein a minimum width of the insert opening is defined along a direction of an axis of rotation of the rotor body, the minimum width of the insert opening being at least 0.75 inches.
In another aspect, there is provided an outer body for a rotary engine comprising: two axially spaced apart end walls; a peripheral wall extending between the end walls and defining an internal cavity for receiving a rotor, the peripheral wall having an insert opening defined therethrough in communication with the internal cavity, and a plurality of coolant passages defined through the peripheral wall in proximity of the insert opening, the coolant passages forming part of a cooling circuitry for circulating a liquid coolant therethrough; an insert removably received in the insert opening of the peripheral wall, the insert having a subchamber defined therein communicating with the internal cavity; a fuel injector in fluid communication with the subchamber; and an ignition element in heat transfer communication with the subchamber; wherein a minimum width of a cross-section of the insert opening is at least 0.75 inches.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of inspecting in an internal cavity in an outer body of a rotary engine, the method comprising: detaching an insert from the outer body, the insert received in an insert opening of a peripheral wall of the outer body and including a subchamber configured for receiving fuel for ignition; removing the insert from the insert opening; and performing an unaided visual inspection of the internal cavity through the insert opening to determine if a subsequent maintenance or repair operation is required.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of performing maintenance on a rotary engine, including inspecting the internal cavity of the rotary engine following the method described above, disassembling at least part of the rotary engine upon determination that a subsequent maintenance or repair operation is required, and then performing the subsequent maintenance or repair operation on the rotary engine.
In a further aspect, there is provided a rotary engine comprising: an outer body having an internal cavity defined by two axially spaced apart end walls and a peripheral wall extending between the end walls, the peripheral wall having an insert opening defined therethrough in communication with the internal cavity, and an injector hole defined therein in communication with the insert opening; a rotor body rotatable within the internal cavity in sealing engagement with the peripheral wall and defining at least one chamber of variable volume in the internal cavity around the rotor body; an insert removably received in the insert opening of the peripheral wall, the insert having a subchamber defined therein communicating with the internal cavity and with the injector hole; and a fuel injector having a tip received in the injector hole of the peripheral wall without protruding in the insert opening.
Reference is now made to the accompanying figures in which:
Referring to
The engine 10 comprises an outer body 12 having axially-spaced end walls 14 with a peripheral wall 18 extending therebetween to form an internal cavity 20. The inner surface 19 of the peripheral wall 18 of the cavity 20 has a profile defining two lobes, which is preferably an epitrochoid.
An inner body or rotor 24 is received within the cavity 20, with the geometrical axis of the rotor 24 being offset from and parallel to the axis of the outer body 12. The rotor 24 has axially spaced end faces 26 adjacent to the outer body end walls 14, and a peripheral face 28 extending therebetween. The peripheral face 28 defines three circumferentially-spaced apex portions 30 (only one of which is shown), and a generally triangular profile with outwardly arched sides. The apex portions 30 are in sealing engagement with the inner surface of peripheral wall 18 to form three rotating working chambers 32 (only two of which are partially shown) between the inner rotor 24 and outer body 12. A recess 38 is defined in the peripheral face 28 of the rotor 24 between each pair of adjacent apex portions 30, to form part of the corresponding chamber 32.
The working chambers 32 are sealed. Each rotor apex portion 30 has an apex seal 52 extending from one end face 26 to the other and protruding radially from the peripheral face 28. Each apex seal 52 is biased radially outwardly against the peripheral wall 18 through a respective spring. An end seal 54 engages each end of each apex seal 52, and is biased against the respective end wall 14 through a suitable spring. Each end face 26 of the rotor 24 has at least one arc-shaped face seal 60 running from each apex portion 30 to each adjacent apex portion 30, adjacent to but inwardly of the rotor periphery throughout its length. A spring urges each face seal 60 axially outwardly so that the face seal 60 projects axially away from the adjacent rotor end face 26 into sealing engagement with the adjacent end wall 14 of the cavity. Each face seal 60 is in sealing engagement with the end seal 54 adjacent each end thereof.
Although not shown in the Figures, the rotor 24 is journaled on an eccentric portion of a shaft and includes a phasing gear co-axial with the rotor axis, which is meshed with a fixed stator phasing gear secured to the outer body co-axially with the shaft. The shaft rotates the rotor 24 and the meshed gears guide the rotor 24 to perform orbital revolutions within the internal cavity 20. The shaft rotates three times for each complete rotation of the rotor 24 as it moves around the internal cavity 20. Oil seals are provided around the phasing gear to prevent leakage flow of lubricating oil radially outwardly thereof between the respective rotor end face 26 and outer body end wall 14.
At least one inlet port (not shown) is defined through one of the end walls 14 or the peripheral wall 18 for admitting air (atmospheric or compressed) into one of the working chambers 32, and at least one exhaust port (not shown) is defined through one of the end walls 14 or the peripheral wall 18 for discharge of the exhaust gases from the working chambers 32. The inlet and exhaust ports are positioned relative to each other and relative to the ignition member and fuel injectors (further described below) such that during each rotation of the rotor 24, each chamber 32 moves around the cavity 20 with a variable volume to undergo the four phases of intake, compression, expansion and exhaust, these phases being similar to the strokes in a reciprocating-type internal combustion engine having a four-stroke cycle.
In a particular embodiment, these ports are arranged such that the rotary engine 10 operates under the principle of the Miller or Atkinson cycle, with its volumetric compression ratio lower than its volumetric expansion ratio. In another embodiment, the ports are arranged such that the volumetric compression and expansion ratios are equal or similar to one another.
As described further below, a subchamber, which in the particular embodiment shown is a pilot subchamber 72, is defined in the outer body 12, for pilot fuel injection and ignition. In this example, the subchamber 72 is provided in an insert 34 received in a corresponding insert opening 36 defined through the peripheral wall 18 of the outer body 12 and in communication with the internal cavity 20, for pilot fuel injection and ignition. The peripheral wall 18 also has a main injector elongated hole 40 defined therethrough, in communication with the internal cavity 20 and spaced apart from the insert 34. A main fuel injector 42 is received and retained within this corresponding hole 40, with the tip 44 of the main injector 42 communicating with the cavity 20 at a point spaced apart from the insert 34. The main injector 42 is located rearwardly of the insert 34 with respect to the direction R of the rotor rotation and revolution, and is angled to direct fuel forwardly into each of the rotating chambers 32 sequentially with a tip hole pattern designed for an adequate spray.
Referring particularly to
The insert body 46 has an inner surface 66 which is continuous with the inner surface 19 of the peripheral wall 18 to define the cavity 20. The insert opening 36 in the wall 18 defines a flange 68 extending in the insert opening 36 adjacent the inner surface 19, and the inner end of the insert body 46 is complementarily shaped to engage this flange 68, with a gasket 70 being received therebetween.
In this example, the insert body 46 is made of a material having a greater heat resistance than that of the peripheral wall 18, which in a particular embodiment is made of aluminium. In this particular embodiment, the insert body 46 is made of an appropriate type of ceramic.
The insert body 46 has a pilot subchamber 72 defined therein in communication with the internal cavity 20. In the embodiment shown, the subchamber 72 has a circular cross-section; alternate shapes are also possible. The subchamber 72 communicates with the cavity through at least one opening 74 defined in the inner surface 66. The subchamber 72 has a shape forming a reduced cross-section adjacent the opening 74, such that the opening 74 defines a restriction to the flow between the subchamber 72 and the cavity 20. The opening 74 may have various shapes and/or be defined by a pattern of multiple holes. As can be seen in
The peripheral wall 18 has a pilot injector elongated hole 76 defined therethrough in proximity of the insert 34, extending at a non-zero angle with respect to a surface of an outer wall of the insert 34 and with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert (which in the embodiment shown corresponds to the direction of the transverse axis T of the outer body 12). The pilot injector hole 76 is in communication with the subchamber 72. A pilot fuel injector 78 is received and retained within the corresponding hole 76, with the tip 80 of the pilot injector 78 being received in the subchamber 72. As can be seen in
The insert body 46 and cover 62 have an ignition element elongated hole 82 defined therein extending along the direction of the transverse axis T of the outer body 12, also in communication with the subchamber 72. As can be seen in
The pilot injector 78 and main injector 42 inject fuel, which in a particular embodiment is heavy fuel e.g. diesel, kerosene (jet fuel), equivalent biofuel, etc. into the chambers 32. Alternately, the fuel may be any other adequate type of fuel suitable for injection as described, including non-heavy fuel such as for example gasoline or liquid hydrogen fuel. In a particular embodiment, at least 0.5% and up to 20% of the fuel is injected through the pilot injector 78, and the remainder is injected through the main injector 42. In another particular embodiment, at most 10% of the fuel is injected through the pilot injector 78. In another particular embodiment, at most 5% of the fuel is injected through the pilot injector 78. The main injector 42 injects the fuel such that each rotating chamber 32 when in the combustion phase contains a lean mixture of air and fuel.
Referring to
The inner body portion 146 has an inner surface 166 which is continuous with the inner surface 19 of the peripheral wall 18 to define the cavity 20. The inner end of the inner body portion 146 is complementarily shaped to engage the flange 68 extending in the insert opening 36 adjacent the inner surface 19, with a gasket 70 being received therebetween.
In this particular embodiment, the body portions 146, 162 are made of an appropriate type of super alloy such as a Nickel based super alloy.
The subchamber configured as a pilot subchamber 72 is defined in the insert 134 at the junction between the body portions 146, 162, with the inner body portion 146 defining the opening 74 for communication between the subchamber 72 and the cavity 20. The outer body portion 162 has the ignition element elongated hole 82 defined therein along the direction of the transverse axis T and in communication with the subchamber 72. The ignition element 84 is received and retained within the corresponding hole 82, for example through threaded engagement. As in the previous embodiment, the tip 86 of the ignition element 84 is received in the subchamber 72.
Referring to
The outer body portion 262 has the ignition element elongated hole 82 defined therethrough in communication with the subchamber 72. The outer body portion 262 includes an inner enlarged section 245 connected to the inner body portion 246 and defining the subchamber 72. The enlarged section 245 extends substantially across the width of the insert opening 236 around the subchamber 72, then tapers to a reduced width section 247 extending therefrom. The reduced width section 247 has at its outer end an enlarged flange 248 which abuts a shoulder 250 defined in the outer surface 64 of the peripheral wall 18 around the insert opening 236. An outer section 249, which in the embodiment shown has a width intermediate that of the sections 245 and 247, extends outwardly from the flange 248. The flange is connected to the shoulder, for example through bolts (not shown) with appropriate sealing such as a crush seal or a gasket (not shown) made of high temperature material, for example a silica based material or grafoil, between the flange 248 and shoulder 250. Alternate types of connections can also be used.
The inner body portion 246 has an inner surface 266 which is continuous with the inner surface 19 of the peripheral wall 18 to define the cavity 20. The inner body portion 246 includes a groove defined therearound near the inner surface 266, in which an appropriate seal 251, for example a silica based gasket tape, is received in contact with the walls of the insert opening 236. In this embodiment, the walls of the insert openings 236 are straight adjacent the inner surface 19, i.e. there is no flange adjacent the inner surface 19.
The volume of the pilot subchamber 72 in the insert 34, 134, 234 is selected to obtain a stoichiometric mixture around ignition within an acceptable delay, with some of the exhaust product from the previous combustion cycle remaining in the subchamber 72. In a particular embodiment, the volume of the subchamber 72 is at least 0.5% and up to 3.5% of the displacement volume, with the displacement volume being defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum volumes of one chamber 32. In another particular embodiment, the volume of the subchamber 72 corresponds to from about 0.625% to about 1.25% of the displacement volume.
The volume of the pilot subchamber 72 may also be defined as a portion of the combustion volume, which is the sum of the minimum chamber volume Vmin (including the recess 38) and the volume of the subchamber V2 itself. In a particular embodiment the subchamber 72 has a volume corresponding to from 5% to 25% of the combustion volume, i.e. V2=5% to 25% of (V2+Vmin). In another particular embodiment, the subchamber 72 has a volume corresponding to from 10% to 12% of the combustion volume, i.e. V2=10% to 12% of (V2+Vmin).
The subchamber 72 may help create a stable and powerful ignition zone to ignite the overall lean main combustion chamber 32 to create the stratified charge combustion. The subchamber 72 may improve combustion stability, particularly but not exclusively for a rotary engine which operates with heavy fuel below the self-ignition of fuel. The insert 34, 134, 234 made of a heat resistant material may advantageously create a hot wall around the subchamber which may further help with ignition stability.
The teachings herein are applicable to many rotary engine types, and not just Wankel engines. Therefore, in another embodiment, the rotary engine with subchamber the 72 may be a non-Wankel engine. A “non-Wankel” engine, as used in this description and the appended claims, means a rotary engine suitable for use with the present invention, but excluding Wankel type engines.
In a particular embodiment, the rotary engine may be a single or eccentric type rotary engine in which the rotor rotates about a fixed center of rotation. For example, the rotary engine may be a sliding vane engine, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,524,587 issued Jun. 11, 1996 or in U.S. Pat. No. 5,522,356 issued Jun. 4, 1996, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Referring to
In the embodiment shown, the engine 100 includes the subchamber 72 described above, in this example defined in the insert 34 received in an insert opening 36 of a peripheral wall 118 of the outer body 112. The peripheral wall 118 also has a main injector elongated hole 40 defined therethrough, in communication with the internal cavity 20 and spaced apart from the insert 34. The insert is biased against the cover 62 retaining the insert 34 within the insert opening 36. The insert 34 is made of a material having a greater heat resistance than that of the peripheral wall 118 and defines the pilot subchamber 72 in communication with the internal cavity 20 through at least one opening 74. The peripheral wall 118 and/or the insert 34 has the pilot injector elongated hole 76 and the ignition element elongated hole 82 defined therethrough in communication with the subchamber 72. Other embodiments may be provided for the insert in the engine 100, including, but not limited to, the other inserts 134, 234 described above.
In another particular embodiment, the rotary engine may be an oscillatory rotating engine, including two or more rotors rotating at different angular velocities, causing the distance between portions of the rotors to vary and as such the chamber volume to change. Referring to
In the embodiment shown, the engine 200 includes the subchamber 72 described above, in this example defined in the insert 34 received in an insert opening 36 of a peripheral wall 218 of the outer body 212. The peripheral wall 218 also has the main injector elongated hole 40 defined therethrough spaced apart from the insert 34, and the peripheral wall 218 and/or the insert 34 has the pilot injector elongated hole 76 and the ignition element elongated hole 82 defined therethrough. Other embodiments may be provided for the insert in the engine 200, including, but not limited to, the other inserts 134, 234 described above.
In another particular embodiment, the rotary engine is a planetary rotating engine having a different geometry than that of the Wankel engine. Referring to
In the embodiment shown, the engine 300 includes the subchamber 72 described above, in this example defined in the insert 34 received in an insert opening 36 of a peripheral wall 318 of the outer body 312. The peripheral wall 318 also has the main injector elongated hole 40 defined therethrough spaced apart from the insert 34, and the peripheral wall 318 and/or the insert 34 has the pilot injector elongated hole 76 and the ignition element elongated hole 82 defined therethrough. Other embodiments may be provided for the insert in the engine 300, including, but not limited to, the other inserts 134, 234 described above.
The subchamber 72 may be provided integrally within the outer body 12, 112, 212, 312 of the engine 10, 100, 200, 300, provided the outer body 12, 112, 212, 312 is made of a material having adequate heat resistance and such other properties required to provide a suitable outer body. Referring to
Referring to
The insert 434 is removably received in an insert opening 436 extending across a thickness of the peripheral wall 418 of the outer body of the engine 400. The insert 434 includes an elongated insert body 446, with an enlarged flange 448 at its outer end which abuts shoulders 464 defined by the insert opening 436 having an enlarged cross-section adjacent its communication with the outer surface of the peripheral wall 418. Alternately, the flange 448 can abut the outer surface of the peripheral wall 418. A seal 448A is disposed between the flange 448 and the shoulders 464 to seal the insert opening 436. The seal 448A can be a C-seal or any other suitable seal. The insert opening 436 is located at or near top dead center, downstream of the main fuel injector 42 communicating with the internal cavity 20 of the engine 400 and upstream of a maximum temperature and pressure region of the internal cavity 20. The maximum pressure and temperature region is defined as a region of the chambers 32 just after top dead center. The fuel in the internal cavity 20 is ignited before top dead center (BTDC) and releases its energy such that maximum compression of the gas mixture is obtained just after top dead center (ATDC) (i.e. just after the minimum volume for the chambers 32). In a particular embodiment, the maximum pressure obtained in this region is in the order of 1500 psi.
The insert body 446 has an inner surface 466 which is continuous with an inner surface 19 of the peripheral wall 418 defining the internal cavity 20. The insert opening 436 has a reduced cross-section adjacent the inner surface 19, the reduced cross-section being defined by a flange 468 of the peripheral wall 418 surrounding and protruding into the insert opening 436 adjacent the inner surface 19. The inner end of the insert body 446 is complementarily shaped to engage this flange 468; optionally, a gasket may be received between the insert body 446 and flange 468, for example at 470. In the embodiment shown, the outer surface of the flange 468 abutting the insert body 446 is frusto-conical such that a thickness of the flange 468 is progressively reduced toward a central axis of the insert opening 436; other configurations are also possible.
The insert body 446 has a subchamber configured as a pilot subchamber 472 defined therein in communication with the internal cavity 20. In the embodiment shown, the subchamber 472 has a circular cross-section; alternate shapes are also possible. The subchamber 472 communicates with the cavity 20 through at least one opening 474 defined in the inner surface 466.
In this embodiment, the peripheral wall 418 has a pilot injector elongated hole 476 defined therethrough in proximity of the insert 434 and communicating with the insert opening 436. The pilot injector elongated hole 476 has a shape similar to the pilot injector elongated hole 76 described above. The pilot injector hole 476 is in communication with the subchamber 472 through an injector opening 488A defined in the insert body 446, and which has an area smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area of the subchamber 472. A pilot fuel injector 478 is received and retained within the corresponding hole 476. However, in this embodiment, the pilot fuel injector 478 extends with its tip 480 received in the pilot injector hole 476 without any part of the pilot fuel injector 478 protruding in the insert opening 436; the injector opening 488A is thus free of the pilot fuel injector 478. The pilot fuel injector 478 is clear from the subchamber 472 and the insert opening 436 to allow removal of the insert 434 without the need to removing the pilot fuel injector 478.
Referring to
In the embodiment shown, the insert 434 is removably retained in the insert opening 436 by four threaded fasteners such as bolts 496 (
Referring to
Referring to
As can be seen in
In the embodiment shown in
In a particular embodiment, the presence of coolant passages 499 can impede inspection, for example preventing the provision of a dedicated inspection port, particularly for the hotter regions where more cooling is required and where the presence of such a port could disturb the cooling pattern. In a particular embodiment, the presence of the insert 34, 134, 234, 434 allows for the insert opening 36, 236, 436 to be used as an inspection port, taking advantage of this existing opening to perform visual inspection of the internal cavity 20 through a region of the peripheral wall which includes the cooling passages 499. Since the insert 34, 134, 234, 434 is located adjacent the fuel injectors which are typically readily accessible in use for maintenance purposes, in a particular embodiment the insert 34, 134, 234, 434 is also readily accessible in use to be removed from the engine without the need to move the engine. Prior methods of rotary engine inspection include inspection through the inlet or outlet ports; the insert opening 36, 236, 436 is closer to the high pressure and temperature region of the engine than the ports, and accordingly in a particular embodiment provides for a better access to the portions of the internal cavity 20 which are most susceptible to damage. Prior methods of rotary engine inspection also include inspection through the hole left by removal of the ignition element; however, such inspection requires the use of inspection tools, for example a boroscope, since the hole is too small to be usable for visual and/or manual inspection. In a particular embodiment, the insert opening 36, 236, 436 is advantageously sized to allow for visual and/or manual inspection.
In a particular embodiment, inspection in the internal cavity 20 (i.e. of features of the outer body inside the internal cavity 20 and/or of the rotor 24 received therein) is performed in accordance with the following. If the ignition element(s) 484 extend(s) within the peripheral wall 418 and protrude(s) into the insert opening 436, the ignition element(s) 484 is/are disengaged from the insert 434. In an embodiment where the ignition element(s) is/are not engaged in the insert 434, or where the ignition element(s) 84, is/are received in the insert 34, 134, 234 without extending through the peripheral wall such as to be removable together with the insert 34, 134, 234 in a same step, this step may accordingly be omitted.
Similarly, if a fuel injector extends within the peripheral wall and protrudes into the insert opening, the fuel injector is disengaged from the insert. In an embodiment where the fuel injector is not engaged in the insert, received in the insert without extending through the peripheral wall such as to be removable together with the insert in a same step, this step may accordingly be omitted.
The insert 34, 134, 234, 434 is then removed from the insert opening 36, 236, 436 of the outer body, thereby providing access to the internal cavity 20 through the insert opening 36, 236, 436. To facilitate removal of the insert by a user, a threaded tool may be inserted into the threaded hole 494 provided in the insert 434 (a similar threaded hole may be provided in any of the inserts described herein) and a force is then applied on the threaded tool, for example a pulling force.
Once the insert 34, 134, 234, 434 is removed, the internal cavity 20 is inspected through the insert opening 36, 236, 436. The inspection can be done visually and/or manually. The inspection can include, but is not limited to, any one or any combination of inspecting the condition of the apex seals 52, inspecting the condition and/or operation of the spring(s) biasing the apex seals 52, inspecting the condition of a coating applied to the inner surface 19 of the peripheral wall 18, 118, 218, 318, 418 and/or to the inner surface 491 of the end walls 14, inspecting the condition of the rotor 24 itself (e.g. presence of cracks), verifying if liquid coolant and/or oil is present in the chambers 32, inspecting the fuel injector (e.g. its tip), particularly for the fuel injector communicating with the chamber but having a configuration allowing the insert to be removed without prior removal of the fuel injector, etc. Inspection of the condition of the coating can include inspection to detect one or more of pitting, erosion, delamination and cracks in the coating surface.
Following the results of inspection, appropriate maintenance and/or repair operations may be performed. Non-limiting examples of such operations include, with a prior step of disassembly of the engine in whole or in part when required:
In a particular embodiment, a boroscope is optionally inserted through the insert opening 436, as a follow-up to a preliminary visual inspection, to further inspect the internal cavity 20. The use of the boroscope can advantageously provide a wider access to the internal cavity 20.
Referring back to
In the embodiment of
The ability to perform visual inspection is highly desirable, and in a particular embodiment allows for reduction of the costs and/or time associated with preliminary inspections, as opposed to engine configurations which require instruments and/or disassembly of the housing to be inspected; a larger insert opening 36, 236, 436 provides better exposure of the internal cavity 20 for visual inspection.
It is understood that the removable insert 34, 134, 234, 434 allowing inspection of the internal cavity 20 through the insert opening 36, 236, 436 is not limited to an insert defining a pilot subchamber for pilot ignition. For example, in particular embodiments, the removable insert 34, 134, 234, 434 allowing inspection of the internal cavity 20 through the insert opening 36, 236, 436 is an insert defining other types of subchambers, such as for example a pre-chamber for combustion, where the whole volume of fuel is injected for ignition—i.e. where the main injector is in communication with the pre-chamber in the insert. Other configurations are also possible.
The above description is meant to be exemplary only, and one skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention(s) disclosed. For example, the mechanical arrangements of the rotary engines described above are merely examples of many possible configurations which are suitable for use with the present invention(s). Any suitable injector configuration and arrangement may be used. Hence, modifications which fall within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in light of a review of this disclosure, and such modifications are intended to fall within the appended claims.
This application is division of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/153,277 filed May 12, 2016, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/750,523 filed Jan. 25, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/273,534 filed Oct. 14, 2011, which claims priority on provisional U.S. application Ser. No. 61/512,593 filed Jul. 28, 2011, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61512593 | Jul 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15153277 | May 2016 | US |
| Child | 16748016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13750523 | Jan 2013 | US |
| Child | 15153277 | US | |
| Parent | 13273534 | Oct 2011 | US |
| Child | 13750523 | US |
