The present invention relates generally to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a rotary piston engine having multiple rows of radially disposed cylinders therein, each row of cylinders containing multiple pistons having their crowns oriented inwardly toward a single stationary core containing the intake and combustion chambers. The cylinder rows and outer housing rotate around the stationary core.
The development of the internal combustion engine as a prime mover has been known to for well over a century at the time of this writing, with innumerable different variations having been developed over the years. By far the most common engine configuration is the four-stroke cycle (or Otto cycle) reciprocating engine, wherein one or more cylinders in various configurations and arrangements contain pistons that are driven by the force of expanding burning gases in their combustion chambers. The pistons are linked to a crankshaft that delivers the power output from the engine. Generally, the intake charges and exhaust gases are routed to and from the combustion chambers by a number of valves in each cylinder head, with the valves in turn being actuated by other mechanical linkages from the rotation of the crankshaft. The result is a relatively complex mechanical system that is accepted as the standard prime mover likely only because of extended development and refinement over decades of use.
Various other alternative engine configurations have been developed in the past as well. One such configuration is known as the rotary engine. This term was originally applied to engines used in early aircraft, wherein the crankshaft was a stationary component secured to the aircraft structure and the propeller was secured to the engine case, which spun around the stationary crankshaft during engine operation. Such a system has its advantages in terms of air cooling the radially extending cylinders during operation. However, the need to deliver intake charges and remove exhaust gases from each of the rotating cylinders with their separate outwardly disposed cylinder heads, as well as to provide accurately timed ignition pulses to each rotating cylinder, resulted in a relatively complex system for the time with numerous operating limitations, e.g., extremely limited control of engine speed, for one.
More recently the term “rotary engine” has been applied to an engine having a stationary outer case with an epitrochoidal chamber therein, with a three-lobed rotor rotating eccentrically within the chamber and driving a rotating shaft. This configuration is known as the Wankel engine, and may be constructed to have one or more rows of chambers and rotors within the stationary case. Such an engine configuration has numerous advantages in terms of simplicity due to the elimination of the complex valve train and connecting rod system, but this engine configuration has not been seen to provide the fuel efficiency of the more conventional reciprocating piston engine. Moreover, exhaust emissions are becoming an ever-greater concern, and the Wankel engine has proven to be more difficult to develop in terms of minimizing exhaust emissions. The Wankel engine is not a true rotary engine, as the outer case is stationary while the rotor and central shaft rotate therein. The term “rotary” was applied to the Wankel configuration due to the multi-lobed rotor rotating eccentrically within the case.
Thus, a rotary piston engine solving the aforementioned problems is desired.
The rotary piston engine is a true rotary engine, having multiple cylinder rows and an outer housing revolving around a stationary central core during operation. The core includes a separate intake and combustion section and chamber for each cylinder row, the intake and combustion sections being radially offset from the primary axis of the core and the axis of rotation of the outer housing, which is concentric with the primary axis of the core. The cylinder rows rotate directly about the radially offset intake and combustion sections of the core during operation, i.e., about an axis or axes that are offset from the axis of the core and outer housing. A series of links connect the cylinder rows to the outer housing to assure that the cylinder rows and outer housing rotate in a 1:1 correspondence with one another, despite their different axes of rotation. While multiple cylinder rows are included in the engine, these rows may comprise individual cylinder cases rigidly secured to one another (e.g., bolted, etc.), or may comprise a single case having multiple cylinder rows therein.
Each cylinder row contains a plurality of cylinders and pistons disposed in a radial array. The crowns of the pistons are oriented inwardly toward the central core, the piston skirts being oriented outwardly toward the outer housing. The pistons are connected to the outer housing by connecting rods. Thus, the cylinder rows, their pistons and connecting rods, and the outer housing all rotate together during operation. As the cylinder rows rotate about a different axis or axes relative to the outer housing and the pistons are connected directly to the outer housing, it will be seen that the pistons will move inwardly and outwardly in their cylinder bores in the cylinder rows as they rotate about the radially offset inlet and combustion sections of the central core during engine operation. This inward and outward movement of the pistons provides the gas transfer process (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) required for operation of the engine.
The rotary piston engine may contain an even number of cylinder rows and corresponding operating elements of the central core, i.e., two, four, six, eight, etc. This is because the engine operates using a “split cycle” principle, i.e., the intake and compression portions of the cycle are handled by one cylinder row, while the power and exhaust portions of the cycle are handled by an adjacent row of cylinders. While the present disclosure is directed primarily to a two row engine for clarity, it will be seen that engines having four, six, eight, or any other practicable even number of rows may be constructed in accordance with the principles of operation described herein. There is no theoretical restriction upon the number of cylinders and pistons in each row. Alternatively, the rotary piston engine may comprise any practicable number of intake and compression cylinder rows (e.g., two or three rows, etc.) supplying intake charges to one or more power and exhaust rows (e.g., one or two, etc.), depending upon compression ratio(s) of the intake and compression cylinders, relative displacements between rows, and other factors. As the intake and compression cylinder rows serve essentially as an air pump for the central combustion chamber, it will be seen that there is no requirement for volumetric equality between the intake and compression cylinder row(s) and the power and exhaust cylinder row(s).
Intake air enters the intake chamber of the engine core through one end of the stationary core and is delivered to the intake/compression row of cylinders as that row rotates to draw the pistons away from the core. As the pistons travel away from the core, the intake/compression cylinder row rotates to align the intake passage of the core with the cylinders of the outwardly moving pistons, the intake charge flowing from the intake chamber of the central core outwardly into the expanding cylinder volume of the intake/compression cylinders. As the intake/compression row continues to rotate, the pistons travel inwardly in their cylinder bores to compress the intake charge, the intake/compression row simultaneously rotating to align the cylinders in compression with a transfer passage to the combustion chamber within the combustion section of the central core when the pistons are at or near their most inward travel.
Fuel is injected into the central combustion chamber of the core (if the fuel was not previously delivered to the incoming intake charge), and the fuel/air mixture is ignited by an ignition source (spark plug, glow plug, etc., depending upon the specifics of the engine). The engine may be configured for compression ignition (i.e., Diesel) operation, if sufficient compression ratio is provided by the intake/compression cylinder row and a sufficiently compressed charge is transferred to the combustion chamber, so that ignition occurs simultaneously with the direct injection of fuel into the highly compressed charge within the combustion chamber. In any event, the increased pressure of the heated combusted mixture is transferred to the power/exhaust row of cylinders through an outlet port from the combustion chamber of the core as the pistons of the power/exhaust row align with the outlet port when the pistons are near their most inward travel, i.e., as cylinder volume is at or near its minimum. The pressure of the hot combusted mixture forces the power/exhaust pistons outwardly in their cylinder bores, driving the rotation of the outer housing by means of their connecting rods. As all of the pistons are connected to the outer housing via their connecting rods, the rotation of the outer housing and its links to the cylinder case(s) or rows drives rotation of the intake/compression pistons and cylinder row as well. The spent gases of the power/exhaust cylinders are expelled back into the central core through an exhaust passage that is aligned with the cylinder bores as the pistons are near their most outward travel. The pistons expel the exhaust gases from their cylinders as the cylinder row continues to rotate and align with the exhaust port in the central core, the exhaust gases exiting the engine from the exhaust passage of the central core.
The rotary piston engine uses rotation of the cylinder rows and alignment of the pistons with the passages of the central core for the transfer of gases through the engine. Thus, the need for a complex valve train having cams, lifters, springs, rocker arms, etc., is eliminated. Moreover, there is no need for relatively complex fuel delivery and ignition systems serving multiple cylinders, as there is a single intake chamber and single combustion chamber in the central core. A single fuel injector and a single ignition source may be provided to deliver fuel and to provide ignition of the fuel and air charge for the entire engine. Where relatively few cylinders are provided in each cylinder row, separate pulses of fuel are injected into the intake or combustion chamber (where direct fuel injection is used for fuel delivery) at appropriate times, and separate ignition events are timed in the combustion chamber according to the relative positions of the cylinders and their pistons as they rotate about the central core. However, it will be seen that when larger numbers of cylinders and pistons are provided in each cylinder row, the overlap of the intake strokes of the pistons of the intake/compression row and the power strokes of the power/exhaust row will result in the need for essentially continuous intake, fuel injection, ignition, and combustion, thus providing smoothness of operation more closely resembling a turbine engine than a conventional reciprocating engine.
These and other features of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.
Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the attached drawings.
The rotary piston engine is an internal combustion engine having multiple rows of cylinders disposed in a radial array, in which the piston crowns are oriented inwardly toward a single combustion chamber for each pair of cylinder rows. The central core of the engine contains gas passages for intake, combustion, and exhaust. The core remains stationary. The cylinder rows, their pistons, and the outer housing (to which the cylinder rows and their pistons are connected) rotate about the stationary central core.
Each of the cylinders has a rigid, outwardly oriented flange that is spaced apart from its respective cylinder row, each flange having a plurality of bolts extending therethrough and into its cylinder row. Tightening these bolts drives the cylinders into their respective bores in their cylinder cases or rows, compressing the inward edges of the cylinders within the bases of their bores to provide a leakproof seal for each cylinder. It will be understood that the six cylinders of each row is not an absolute requirement. More or fewer cylinders may be provided in each row, if desired. Any practicable even or odd number of cylinders may be provided in the present engine, due to the “split cycle” operation wherein one cylinder row is dedicated only to intake and compression functions and the adjacent cylinder row is dedicated only to power and exhaust functions. This is unlike a conventional radial engine, which is limited to an odd number of cylinders in each row due to the necessity of providing alternating intake and compression strokes in a given cylinder while providing power and exhaust strokes in the adjacent cylinders for smoothness of operation.
It will be further noted in
Each of the intake and compression cylinders 32a through 32f has an intake and compression piston, respectively 38a through 38f, installed therein, with each of the power and exhaust cylinders 36a through 36f having a power and exhaust piston, respectively 40a through 40f, installed therein. Each of the intake and compression pistons 38a through 38f is connected to its respective intake and compression row connecting rod attachment plate 26a through 26f by an intake and compression connecting rod, respectively 42a through 42f, with each of the power and exhaust pistons 40a through 40f being connected to its respective power and exhaust row connecting rod attachment plate 28a through 28f by a power and exhaust connecting rod 44a through 44f. Thus, the cylinder rows 30 and 34 with their cylinders 32a through 32f and 36a through 36f, their pistons 38a through 40f, and their connecting rods 42a through 44f, rotate in unison with the outer housing 18 about the stationary central core 12, as noted further above. As can be seen clearly in
The inlet end 14 includes an intake passage 52 therethrough, with the intake passage 52 communicating with the intake duct 16 shown in
A single axially elongate combustion chamber 64 traverses the inlet and combustion sections 46 and 48 of the core 12, with the fuel injector 56 and spark plug or igniter 58 extending into the combustion chamber 64. A compression transfer passage 66 extends from a point on the periphery 62 of the inlet section 46 that corresponds closely with the position of the intake and compression pistons 38a through 38f at their greatest inward travel, i.e., maximum compression of the air charge therein. This compressed charge is sequentially forced into the combustion chamber 64 by the intake and compression pistons 38a through 38f as they rotate about the stationary core and their cylinders 32a through 32f align with the compression transfer passage 66 in sequence. Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 64 by the single fuel injector 56, whereupon the air and fuel mixture is ignited by the spark plug or igniter 58 to produce the heat and gas pressure required for operation of the engine 10. It will be seen that given a sufficiently high compression ratio in the intake and compression cylinders 32a through 32f, that the engine 10 may be operated as a compression ignition (i.e., Diesel) engine, if so desired.
The very hot, high-pressure combustion gas in the combustion chamber 64 passes through a combustion gas passage 68 to a semicircumferential combustion transfer channel 70 formed in the periphery 72 of the power and exhaust section 48 of the core 12. The combustion transfer channel 70 is shaped much like the inlet transfer channel 60 of the inlet and compression portion 46 of the core 12, i.e., tapering from its greatest depth at a point corresponding to about the most inward travel (minimum cylinder volume) of the power and exhaust pistons 40a through 40f in their cylinders 36a through 36f to its opposite distal end about 120 degrees around the power and exhaust section periphery 72. As in the case of the inlet transfer channel 60, the precise starting and ending points of the combustion transfer channel 70 may be adjusted to allow for inertia in the gas flow, depending upon the operational characteristics desired for the engine 10. The combustion transfer channel 70 is somewhat narrower than the inlet transfer channel 60, as the very high pressure developed within the combustion chamber 64 and passed to the transfer channel 70 does not require a large cross sectional area for gas flow, as does the lower pressure intake flow. The hot, high pressure combustion gas flows along the combustion transfer channel 70 to flow into the power and exhaust cylinders 36a through 36f, forcing their pistons 40a through 40f outwardly in the cylinders to drive their connecting rods 44a through 44f against their attachment plates 28a through 28f of the outer casing 20, with the radially offset rods 44a through 44f forcing the outer casing 20 and housing 18 to rotate about the stationary core 12. The housing 18 is linked to the intake and compression cylinder row 30 and the power and exhaust cylinder row 34 by a series of links, described further below.
A semicircumferential exhaust transfer passage 74 extends about a portion of the periphery 72 of the combustion section 48 of the core 12 and in the same diametric plane as the combustion channel 70. The exhaust transfer passage 74 is oriented to receive exhaust gas from the power and exhaust cylinders 36a through 36f from a point about where the power and exhaust pistons 40a through 40f are at their most outward travel, i.e., where their cylinder volumes are at their greatest. Again, the precise starting and ending points of the exhaust transfer passage 74 may be adjusted as desired for the desired engine operational characteristics. The exhaust transfer passage 74 communicates with an exhaust gas passage 76 that extends from the trailing end of the exhaust transfer passage 74 inwardly into the power and exhaust section 48 of the core 12. The exhaust gas passage 76 communicates with an exhaust passage 78 that extends through the exhaust outlet end 50 of the core 12, to complete the gas flow process of the engine 10.
The links 80 accomplish this function, with one end of each link being attached to the intake and compression cylinder row 30 and the opposite end of each link being attached to the inside of the inlet end plate 22 of the engine 10. The lengths of the links between their two pivot points are precisely equal to the radial difference between the axis of rotation of the cylinder rows 30 and 34, and the central axis A of the core 12 about which the housing 18 rotates. It will be seen that the links 80 maintain the same longitudinal orientation during engine operation, e.g., essentially vertical as shown in
The intake and compression cycle of
At this point, the distance between the outer casing 20 and the intake and compression cylinder row 30 begins to decrease, with the pistons moving inwardly toward the core 12 to reduce their cylinder volumes. However, there is no gas flow around this portion of the cycle, i.e., cylinders 32b and 32c and their pistons 38b and 38c. Accordingly, the intake charge drawn in during the first portion of the cycle is compressed in those cylinders 32b, 32c. As the intake and compression cylinder row 30 continues to rotate, its cylinders will align with the compression transfer passage 66 (
When the power and exhaust cylinders have rotated to about the positions of cylinders 36f and 36a, their pistons 40f and 40a are at or near their most outward travel, i.e., their cylinder volumes are at or near their maximum. Thus, practically all of the power available from the expansion of the combustion charge in these cylinders has been spent. Accordingly, the beginning of the semicircumferential exhaust gas transfer passage 74 is encountered at about this point, i.e., at about the location of the cylinder 36a. (The precise locations of the beginning and end points of the exhaust gas transfer passage 74 may be adjusted as desired for optimum engine efficiency.) As the power and exhaust cylinder row 34 continues to rotate clockwise about the stationary combustion section 48 of the core 12, its pistons are forced inwardly in their respective cylinder bores to expel the exhaust gases therefrom. This would occur throughout the rotational arc subtended by cylinders 36a, 36b, and 36c, and their pistons 40a, 40b, and 40c in
It has been noted further above that the stationary core 12 includes two sections about which the two cylinder rows rotate, i.e., the intake and compression section 46 about which the intake and compression cylinder row 30 rotates, and the combustion section 48 about which the power and exhaust cylinder row 34 rotates. These two cylinder rows 30 and 34 are affixed to one another and rotate in unison, but are axially displaced corresponding to the axial displacement of the intake and compression section 46 and combustion section 48 of the core 12. The engine 10 operates by means of a “split cycle” principle, i.e., each cylinder row is dedicated to one half of the functions of the engine operating cycle. All intake and compression operations occur in the intake and compression cylinder row 30, and all power and exhaust operations occur in the power and exhaust cylinder row 34. There are no power or exhaust operations in the intake and compression cylinders, and there are no intake and compression operations in the power and exhaust cylinders. As each cylinder row handles only two of the four functions in the engine operating cycle, it will be seen that at least two cylinder rows are required in the rotary piston engine 10. However, the basic configuration of the engine 10 may be expanded to include additional cylinder rows, if so desired. The basic configuration of the rotary piston engine 10 comprises an even number of rows, i.e., two, four, six, eight, etc., due to the “split cycle” requirement for two cylinder rows to carry out all of the functions of the engine operation. However, it will be seen that the intake and compression cylinder row(s) may have a different number of cylinders, different compression ratios, and/or different displacements than the power and exhaust cylinder rows. There is no requirement for correspondence of these factors between the intake and compression cylinder row(s) and the power and exhaust cylinder row(s), as each of the various rows is dedicated to only two of the four operational strokes of the conventional four-stroke cycle reciprocating internal combustion engine, to the exclusion of the other two strokes of the operation. Thus, certain embodiments of the present rotary piston engine may include one or more rows of intake and compression pistons supplying compressed intake charges to the central combustion chamber (or perhaps chambers, in the case of multiple cylinder rows) of the core and thence to a different number of rows of power and exhaust cylinders, with the intake and compression cylinder rows differing from the power and exhaust cylinder rows in the number of rows, the number of cylinders in each row, the compression ratios of the cylinders, and/or the displacements of the cylinders, as desired.
While the rotary piston engine 110 of
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment(s) described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/US2010/001629 | 6/4/2010 | WO | 00 | 1/31/2013 |