Claims
- 1. A mechanical positive rotary pump in which all parts move in exact and precise orbits at all operational speeds and pressures, having a first housing member with a rotor mounted for rotation, with the rotor and the first housing member sharing a common planar face, and mating in a sealing manner with a second housing member, also with a planar face, which has a cavity which is approximately annular in shape and which, when mating with the first housing member, forms an enclosed chamber bounded by the first housing member with a rotor planar wall, and by the second housing member, having an axially inner arcuate surface boundary, an axially outer arcuate surface boundary, and a planar end surface boundary, which is parallel to the first housing planar surface; and having abutments which extend across the chamber and seal on all chamber surfaces, inner arcuate surface, outer arcuate surface, and planar surfaces and the abutments being the only members which seal and divide the chambers into sub-chambers, the abutments being positively held both by the surfaces of the chamber and by connections to the rotor face, and which connections neither divide nor seal the chamber, but serve to drive the abutments around the chamber; and the abutments requiring neither additional springs, centrifugal force, or pressure forces to seal the chamber, and such that the pressure forces pass through the center of the abutment in approximately the torque direction by fluid pressure, so that the abutments are not fluid pressure loaded to either arcuate surface, but the pressure is delivered to the abutment connection as torque; and the second housing member having an intake port entering axially into the center hub described by the axially inner arcuate surface, and whereupon the intake duct is curved so as to direct the intake fluid radially outward through an intake port though the axially inner arcuate surface into the chamber, and such that at all times the inner arcuate surface communicates freely, and without obstruction, with the outer axially arcuate surface which has a discharge port exiting tangentially from the chamber, by the diminishing volumes of the sub-chambers as well as by momentum so that, in the absence of excessive head pressure, the fluid within the sub-chamber exits tangentially by both means, such that as a cycle, fluid is drawn in through the intake chamber into the sub-chambers, where it is contained and displaced to the discharge port, where the fluid exits by both the diminishing of sub-chamber size and by momentum, since the abutments divide the chamber into sub-chambers, which, during rotation, may change their volumes such that the maximum sub-chamber volume minus the minimum sub-chamber volume is the sub-chamber displacement, but the remaining volume is acted on by centrifugal force and momentum to provide a pumping component which is dependent on rotational velocity, which I shall refer to as a positive displacement tangential kinetic pump component.
- 2. A motor as in claim 1 in which the fluid enters the tangential axially outer port with both pressure and velocity and enters the sub-chambers, whereupon it is displaced around the chamber to the axially inner port, and generates torque to the rotor both through the force related to the expansible chamber, and also the torque acquired by the change in the angular momentum of the fluid associated with the difference between square of the initial velocity and the final velocity, the velocity being approximately divided by a factor of two, resulting in an energy of a factor of 2 squared or 4, such that the additional torque means additional power as well as efficiency of the motor.
- 3. A pump as in claim 1 in which the abutments are flexible members with axial projections extending into slot connections in the rotor planar face which orient the flexible vane-like abutments to extend radially across the chamber to positively engage both the inner and outer arcuate chamber surface as well as the planar walls so as to positively divide the chamber into sub-chambers at all times except when passing the ports, and the abutments having connections to the center of the abutments, the flexible portions extending, radially in both directions from the abutment projection, such that the chamber is divided into sub-chambers; and having an intake port through the axially inner arcuate surface of the second housing member, which always communicates with the axially outer arcuate chamber surface of the second housing member, such that fluid enters the sub-chambers radially, whereupon it fills the sub chambers and is displaced around the chamber where it is discharged by both the diminishing of the sub-chamber volume and by momentum through the tangential discharge port.
- 4. A pump as in claim 3 in which debris can be pumped through without damage, since the sub-chambers are open and unimpeded, and since the abutments can deform to pass solid matter entrained in the fluid.
- 5. A pump as in claim 3 in which the chamber is nearly annular in shape, such that the expansible chamber displacement is small and so that the pump at start up can self prime by pumping the air out by the small displacement, whereupon the pump becomes a high volume liquid tangential kinetic pump since the sub-chamber volume is large.
- 6. A pump as in claim 5 in which the chamber is very nearly annular, so that the expansible chamber displacement is minimal and the abutments are rigidly attached members, which may be rigid, which divide and seal the chambers with a small clearance, such that fluid enters the sub-chambers, is contained and transported to the tangential discharge port where it is discharged primarily by momentum.
- 7. A pump as in claim 1 in which the abutments are flexible members with rigid axially inside ends, the rigid ends being connected to the rotor face rigidly, and with the flexible members extending across the chamber so as to divide into sub-chambers and seal the sub-chamber on all sides, and both the first housing member and the second housing member each having a groove in the planar surface at the junction with the axially outer planar surface, and the abutments having land projections that fit the grooves such that, although the abutments are flexible, they always divide the chamber, being contained on either abutment radial end, so as to provide expansible sub-chambers as well as being positively contained chambers which discharge the fluid by momentum.
- 8. A pump as in claim 7 in which the chamber is nearly annular in shape, and the expansible chamber displacement is small, such that the pump can be a self-priming expansible chamber pump but is primarily a positive displacement tangential kinetic pump.
- 9. A pump as in claim 1 in which the chamber in the second housing member is an annular groove, and both housing members have planar faces, including the flanges, so that the axis of the second housing member may be shifted linearly from the first housing member, and having abutments which are rigid elements which extend across, seal and divide the chamber into sub chambers by sealing on every chamber surface including axially inner arcuate surface, outer arcuate surface, and planar walls of the second housing member, being the only members which seal the chamber; and the abutments seal the chamber on radial planes passing though the axis of the second housing member, such that pressure in the chamber is directed normal to the abutment face and through the center of the abutment which engages rotor connection projections extending from the rotor planar face which neither divide the chamber nor seal, providing a variable displacement and expansible chamber positive displacement tangential kinetic pump.
- 10. A pump as in claim 9 in which the abutments have a specific gravity near to, or lower than the specific gravity of the fluid, such that the centrifugal force acts on the fluid to force the abutment away from the axially outer arcuate chamber high speed surface and toward the chamber axis.
- 11. A pump as in claim 9, which at either lower rotational speeds or at higher head pressures pumps primarily by the force of the changing volumes of the contained sub-chambers.
- 12. A pump as in claim 9, when operating at higher rotational speeds and lower head pressures, pumps primarily by the momentum of the fluid leaving the sub-chambers tangentially.
- 13. A pump as in claim 9 in which the variable displacement and the rotational speed maybe set so as to provide a self priming pump in which as the operational speed is attained, the pumping function changes from primarily expansible chamber pumping to momentum pumping at high capacity, and then as head pressure is increased the momentum pumping decreases and then a further head pressure increase, pumping again becomes a function of expansible chambers; such that a curve of head pressures vs. capacity is roughly hyperbolic, and results in a fairly constant drive motor torque over a wide range of head pressures and flow rates.
- 14. A pump as in claim 9 in which the abutments have parallel sliding surfaces mating in tolerance contact with both the inner and outer arcuate chamber surface as well as the planar surface, and having an arcuate surface on either radial surface, which pivots the abutment as well as allowing it to slide in radial slots in a rotor connection projection such that all abutment sealing surfaces are parallel sliding surfaces, and such that the pressure forces can pass in a normal direction to the rotor projection slot, and thus putting the load in the torque direction, and with the abutments having radial slots to facilitate the communication of the fluid from the axially inner arcuate surface to the axially outer arcuate surface, being especially valuable for the kinetic pumping aspect, and such that the abutments can be tailored to pressure balance radially in order to reduce any radial pressure, which will cause wear from pressured sliding surfaces, by varying the radially inside exposed area to the outside radially exposed area on the arcuate broad surfaces.
- 15. A pump as in claim 9 in which the abutments are sliding vanes having parallel sliding radial surfaces, and arcuate end surfaces, and the end surfaces have an arc of the diameter of the radial chamber width, and the vanes having such thickness as to have the sealing contact surface on the arcuate ends always be on a plane passing radially outward from the axis of the second housing member; and having rotor drive connections which are projections from the planar rotor face which have radial slots to accept the vanes and to drive them around the chamber but not to seal the chamber so that the radial vanes are the only members which divide and seal the chamber, forming sub-chambers, and the vanes having the pressure force directed through the vane center, approximately normal to the radial slot, and having very little force component bearing on either the inner arcuate or the outer arcuate surface, and, such that the sub-chambers have greater volume than the sub-chamber displacement, so that the residual volume may be ejected by momentum.
- 16. A pump as in claim 9 having sliding vane abutments with parallel sliding surfaces, and arcuate ends, and having rotor connections that are projections which have radial slots of a width equal to multiple abutment thickness, and having multiple abutments in each slot, providing multiple seals, such that the vanes seal and divide the chamber seal and divide the chamber into sub chambers.
- 17. A vacuum pump as in claim 9 in which the abutments have hinged parallel sliding surfaces on all sides and which are the only members which divide and seal the chamber, and which have radial slots in which rotor connection projections engage, which drive the abutments around the annular chamber; and such that the abutments have tolerance sealing on all surfaces except the axial inner arcuate surface, which has parallel sliding surface sealing, and the intake port being through the center axis of the second housing member through the axially inside arcuate surface and through rotary valving ports in each abutment hinge, to allow the gas to enter the sub-chambers, and the gas entering the sub-chambers is compressed and is displaced angularly around the chamber to the discharge port which, because this is a pneumatic device, is discharged through any chamber surface of housing member 2 except the center hub, forming an expansible vacuum pump which has variable compression and which has very little kinetic component in pumping, due to the low specific gravity of the fluid, but the variable displacement allows a near constant operating torque over a wide vacuum pressure range, when the displacement is controlled by, or linked to, the pressure or rotational speed.
- 18. A pump or motor as in claim 9 in which the abutments are cylindrical rollers, which are contained in radial slots in projections extending from the rotor face, and such that the roller abutments are the only elements which seal and divide the chamber into sub-chambers, and the abutment rollers provide pressure loading to the radial slot in a normal or nearly normal direction, so that the pressure forces are directed against the radial slots in the torque direction and such that the abutments have little or no force component against the arcuate high speed chamber surfaces, and as a motor, the roller abutments, when touching the arcuate high speed surface, tend to be moved away from the surface, rather than toward the surface.
- 19. A pump as in claim 9 in which the abutments are composite rollers, having a central cylindrical roller and another roller on each side, and the three roller elements are pivoted on a common shaft through the roller cylindrical axis; and the center roller being incrementally larger in diameter, and the rollers contained in radial slots in the drive projections extending from the rotor face such that only the center roller element engages the drive connection projection slot, and the drive projection slot is incrementally relieved so that the two side rollers never touch the drive projection slot, and the chamber arcuate surfaces are incrementally relieved in order that the center drive roller never touches the arcuate chamber surfaces, and the composite elements always divide and are the only elements sealing the chamber, and that the arcuate chamber surfaces are incrementally relieved for the center roller element, such that the central element maintains a tolerance, but never a touching seal against the high speed arcuate surfaces, and such that the outer cylinder elements may acquire spin, but the spin not be transferred to the pressured surface, thus avoiding friction and wear, as normally associated with common roller pump design.
- 20. A motor as in claim 9 in which the fluid enters the axially outer chamber surface and exits through the axially inner chambers surface, such that torque is provided both by the expansible chamber and by the change in angular momentum, thus providing an increase in power and efficiency; and having variable displacement which, can control torque power output, or rotational speed, such that the displacement, hence power may be controlled by linking pressure or torque load or rotational speed to the displacement shift.
- 21. A pump as in claim 9 in which the displacement is set at zero, such that there is no expansible chamber component, because the sub-chambers do not change volume, but they do capture and displace the around the chamber to the discharge port, where it is discharged tangentially, having attained energy by being accelerated to rotor velocity, such that at high rotational speeds and lower head pressures, the sub-chambers are partially or totally discharged by momentum, resulting in a high capacity pump with pressures higher than normally associated with kinetic pumps, such as centrifugal pumps, due to the positive displacement aspect, which provides a high velocity discharge.
- 22. A pump as in claim 20 in which the abutments are vane-like, and are rigidly connected to the rotor planar face by bolts or welding, such as to provide fixed volume sub-chambers, similar to an external gear pump, in which the fluid enters each sub-chamber, is contained, and accelerated to rotor velocity and is displaced around the chamber to the discharge port, where it is discharged tangentially by momentum, leaving a vacuum, or partial vacuum, which is then again filled with fluid as the intake port is passed.
- 23. A pump as in claim 21 in which the intake port is angularly expanded, but leaving a sector of the axially inner chamber surface, such that the fluid is totally contained, if only briefly, prior to discharge, allowing the fluid to accelerate and thus gain energy.
Parent Case Info
This invention is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/836,396, filed Apr. 17, 2001 entitled “Rotary Two Axis Expansible Pump with Pivotal Link” and PCT application No. PCT/US02/08265 with the same title.
US Referenced Citations (14)
Foreign Referenced Citations (5)
Number |
Date |
Country |
541344 |
May 1922 |
FR |
691485 |
Jul 1930 |
FR |
20816 |
Oct 1891 |
GB |
341874 |
Jan 1931 |
GB |
288626 |
Sep 1931 |
IT |
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09/836396 |
Apr 2001 |
US |
Child |
10/279799 |
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US |