Patent Grant
8435034
The present invention is related to ultrasonic dental tools, and more particularly to an ultrasonic dental tool capable of enhanced operation efficiency.
Dental practitioners use ultrasonic dental tools (instruments) for dental treatments and procedures, such as scaling, periodontal treatments, root canal therapy, and the like.
An ultrasonic dental tool typically includes a handpiece coupled at one end (i.e., a proximal end) to an electrical energy source and a fluid source via a cable. The cable includes a hose to provide a fluid (e.g., water), and conductors to provide electrical energy. The other end (i.e., a distal end) of the handpiece has an opening intended to receive a replaceable insert with a transducer (e.g., a magnetostrictive transducer) carried on the insert. The transducer extends from a proximal end of the insert into a hollow interior of the handpiece. An ultrasonically vibrated tip extends from a distal end of the insert.
When using a typical ultrasonic insert during a cleaning procedure, the dental practitioner will need to repeatedly re-orient the location of the insert tip with respect to tooth surface. In making this re-orientation, the practitioner will typically take the insert out of the patient's mouth, rotate the insert inside the handpiece to re-orient the tip and re-insert the insert in the patient's mouth. This is done because the handpiece is tethered to a power and fluid supply source, so that rotation of the handpiece is limited.
Both hands are typically used for this rotation as the frictional forces that produce a tight fit of the insert in the handpiece needs to be overcome. During a typical treatment process, an insert is reoriented numerous times. This is not only time consuming but also interrupts the ease and smooth flow of work.
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic dental tool having an insert that is rotatable about a handpiece when the insert is disposed inside the handpiece, such rotation may be effected about a longitudinal axis of the insert by applying a force only to the insert. The rotation may be effected single handed, for example, or a two finger rotation is also possible. The dental tool utilizes existing components to effect this rotation. The handpiece may be any generally available handpiece or, if desired, a specially designed handpiece. Additional parts to facilitate rotation may also be present.
The insert includes a motor, a work tip, and a coupling member disposed between said motor and said work tip. The coupling member is adapted to receive mechanical energy from said motor. The handpiece includes a substantially hollow interior, and open at both ends. The dental insert is rotatably received in an opening at one end of the handpiece, and the other end (i.e., a proximal end) of the handpiece is typically coupled to an electrical energy source and a fluid source via a cable. The cable includes a hose to provide a fluid (e.g., water), and conductors to provide electrical energy. The energy supply serves to operate the motor on the insert.
During operation, water is circulated in the handpiece to, for example, keep the motor from overheating. To seal the motor portion of the handpiece where water is circulated, to lavage the motor and keep it from over-heating, as well as to keep the water from the tip portion, an O-ring is generally used. The O-ring generally sits in a groove disposed somewhere on the coupling member, such as the connecting body, of the insert. In one embodiment, the O-ring may be disposed on a retaining ring or collet present on the connecting body. The retaining ring has a groove to accommodate the O-ring. In another embodiment, there may not be a collet or retaining ring and the groove may be on the coupling member or connecting body.
Typically, because of the sealing action of the O-ring, rotation of the insert about the O-ring is difficult, and generally requires both hands with some force. In the present invention, the O-ring and the groove the O-ring may be seated collaboratively to both seal and facilitate freer rotation of the insert within the handpiece, for example, about the O-ring. The groove may be on the connecting body in one embodiment. In another embodiment, a retaining ring or collet may be disposed on the connecting body, in which case, the groove may be present on the retaining ring or collet.
In one embodiment of the invention, the structure of the O-ring is the same or substantially the same as that of the traditional O-ring, but the surface of the groove it is seated or in contact with, either on the connecting body or the retaining ring, has a reduced frictional force to enable the insert to rotate easily while still maintaining a proper seal.
In another embodiment of the invention, the O-ring and the surface of contact in the groove on the insert both may have reduced frictional forces. In one aspect, the frictional force between the O-ring and the handpiece is high, and the frictional force between the O-ring and the groove on the insert is low. This reduced frictional force between the O-ring and the contact surface of the groove enables freer rotation of the insert, while at the same time, there is sufficient axial friction between the insert, i.e., the outer peripheral of the O-ring, and the handpiece to substantially prevent the insert from popping out of the handpiece due to water pressure within the handpiece and/or drag by the handpiece cable during use. In another aspect, the frictional force between the O-ring and the handpiece and the frictional force between the O-ring and the groove on the insert may both be low, and the O-ring may fit into a groove in the handpiece, or the outer peripheral of the O-ring maybe notched or grooved to mate with a protrusion in the wall of the handpiece, so that the insert is likewise not likely to pop out of the handpiece.
In one exemplary embodiment, the surface of the groove on the connecting body or retaining ring, when present, for seating the O-ring, may have a low coefficient of friction. In one aspect, the surface of the groove may be coated with a material having a low coefficient of friction. In another aspect, the surface of the groove may be made to have a low coefficient of friction. In yet another aspect, both surfaces of contact (in the O-ring and the groove of the insert) may be made of or coated with a material or a coating of a material having a low coefficient of friction. In yet a further aspect, both surfaces of contact may be made to substantially eliminate irregularities to reduce the coefficient of friction.
In another exemplary embodiment, the O-ring may be made of a material having a low coefficient of friction about the inner peripheral and a high coefficient of friction about the outer peripheral to enable this freer rotation and secure placement.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, the O-ring may have a coating made of a material having a low coefficient of friction about the inner circumference to enable this freer rotation.
In yet a further exemplary embodiment, a dual hardness o-ring having a different hardness/material in the bulk of the O-ring from that of the outer peripheral portion of the o-ring is contemplated. In one aspect, a lower hardness material on the outer peripheral portion may enable the outside surface of the o-ring to grip the wall of the handpiece (cylinder) while the higher hardness material on the inner peripheral portion of the O-ring may allow the insert (piston) to rotate more freely.
When a coating is used, material for the coating may be any that is capable of producing a surface with low coefficient of friction.
In other embodiments of the invention, an additional O-ring may be included so as to create a more uniform rotational interface and improving the sealing characteristics.
With a low coefficient of friction in the contact region, the torque needed to overcome the coefficient to cause rotation of the insert inside the handpiece is smaller enough so that the rotation may be effected with one hand for any of the above noted embodiments. In general, the torque may be in the range of less than about 500 g·cm, more for example, in the range of less than about 400 g·cm, even more for example, in the range of 10 g·cm-300 g·cm, and still more for example, in the range of 45 g·cm-200 g·cm.
The dental insert of the present invention may have a 360 degrees rotation, without any limitations. This may enable a dental practitioner to position the insert, and the work tip, at any angular orientation without having to take the insert out of the patient's mouth. Therefore, time associated with re-orienting the tip a number of times during the dental treatment is reduced, and the flow of work is not interrupted as much, thereby resulting in a smooth work flow and a reduction of time.
In one embodiment, the motor may be a magnetostrictive transducer. In another embodiment, the motor may be a piezoelectric transducer.
In one aspect, the present invention also relates to an ultrasonic dental insert having at least one light source. The dental insert includes a first motor, for example, a transducer, for generating ultrasonic vibrations and a coupling member such as a connecting body, having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end includes a work tip thereon. The proximal end is attached to the first transducer so as to receive the ultrasonic vibrations therefrom and to transmit the ultrasonic vibrations toward the work tip at the distal end. The ultrasonic dental insert may also include a hand grip portion and may be inserted into a handpiece for providing electromagnetic energy to the first transducer to generate the ultrasonic vibrations, to form an ultrasonic dental tool having a light source.
In an exemplary embodiment, an electrical generator, for example, a second transducer may be disposed on the insert, for example, proximate to the connecting body, and generates a voltage signal in response to movement of a portion of the connecting body according to the ultrasonic vibrations. At least one light source, substantially proximate to the tip, may be connected to and receives the voltage signal from the second transducer to generate light. The second transducer circuitry may also include a form of rectification circuitry that may improve utilization of the alternating current of the voltage signal.
In one embodiment, the second transducer may include a bobbin having an illumination coil thereon. In one aspect, the bobbin may be formed separately from the retaining ring. In another aspect, the retaining ring may be made integral, for example, in one piece, with the bobbin. In this latter aspect, the unitary structure may be made from a high temperature material.
In another exemplary embodiment, the dental insert and/or handpiece may include a magnetic material or a magnetic source in close proximity to the first transducer, light source, or the second transducer, for initiating, re-establishing, increasing and/or maintaining the brightness of the output light from the light source when in use. In one aspect, the light source may be proximate the work tip. In another aspect, the light source may be away from the work tip. The light from the light source may be transmitted towards the tip using a light guide or light pipe.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, an ultrasonic dental tool may include at least one attachable light source. The attachable light source may utilize the existing energy source already present. In one embodiment, the light source is adapted to connect to the electrical energy source already available in the existing ultrasonic dental unit, using at least one connector. The at least one connector may be, for example, two wire leads, or at least one contact structure, that are adapted to be connected to respective connectors in the handpiece. In one aspect, the wire leads, for example, are situated in, for example, male or female plug type pins that may protrude from the housing of the insert. In another aspect, the contact structures, for example, may be formed onto and towards the proximal end of the connecting body and may be protruding also from the housing.
In a further exemplary embodiment, the ultrasonic dental tool may have an integral sheath and at least one light source adapted to utilize the electromagnetic energy already available in the existing ultrasonic dental unit. In one embodiment, the handpiece includes a substantially hollow housing having a primary power source that may include a primary coil and the insert may include the sheath. The primary coil of the handpiece may be inductively coupled to an illumination energy coil, either in the insert or handpiece, such that the illumination energy coil may draw energy from the electromagnetic field of the primary coil to power at least one light source.
In one embodiment of the invention, an ultrasonic dental tool that includes one of the ultrasonic dental inserts discussed above may be inserted into a handpiece having a hand grip portion. The insert maybe freely rotatable inside the handpiece, as discussed above.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to ultrasonic dental tools having an insert that includes monitoring mechanism(s) for monitoring insert usage and performance as well as an indication mechanism(s) for indicating timing for insert replacement. The insert may be any of those discussed above.
The advantages of the present invention are that rotation can be effected with any handpiece, and are realizable without having to redesign the insert or additional parts to break down or complicate the instrument, or reducing reliability.
The present invention together with the above and other advantages may best be understood from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings.
These and other aspects of the invention may be understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 7D1, 7D2, 7D3, 7D4, and 7D5 each illustrates the inclusion of a light source, a transducer and magnetic elements to a portion of the dental tool insert of
a shows a top and bottom isometric view of one-half of a saddle in one embodiment of the present invention.
b shows a perspective view of a saddle assembly in one embodiment of the present invention.
a each shows a cross sectional view of a motor assembly that includes a one-piece bobbin in one embodiment of the present invention.
a show a top and side cross sectional views of a motor assembly, respectively, that includes a one-piece bobbin in one embodiment of the present invention.
a depict the top and bottom isometric views of lens assembly in one embodiment of the present invention.
The detailed description set forth below is intended as a description of the presently exemplified embodiment in accordance with aspects of the present invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present invention may be prepared or utilized. It is to be understood, however, that the same or equivalent functions and features may be accomplished by different embodiments that are also intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods, devices and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the invention, the exemplified methods, devices and materials are now described.
It is desirable to provide a dental tool having an insert that is rotatable about a handpiece when the insert is disposed inside the handpiece. The rotation may be effected about a longitudinal axis of the insert by applying a force only to the insert.
Typically, during a dental procedure, the dental practitioner will need to repeatedly re-orient the location of the insert work tip with respect to the tooth surface. In making this re-orientation, the practitioner will typically take the insert out of the patient's mouth, rotate the insert inside the handpiece to re-orient the work tip and re-insert the insert in the patient's mouth. This is done because the insert is not easily rotatable inside the handpiece and the handpiece is tethered to a power and fluid supply source, so that rotation of the handpiece is limited.
A dental tool having a rotatable insert so that rotation may be effected single handed, for example, or a two finger rotation, is desirable. This is especially desirable if rotation may be effected by utilizing existing components without adding additional parts or complicating the construction of the dental instrument.
In exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
The ultrasonic dental tool 10 includes a handpiece 200 and an insert 100 received within the handpiece 200.
In some embodiments, the connecting body 103 is also used to generate voltage in an illumination energy coil 99, as discussed later with reference to, for example,
The connecting body 103 may have mounted thereon a bobbin, or a ring, such as an annular retaining ring or collet 111, as shown in
The retaining ring 111 has a generally cylindrical shape and may have formed thereon a connecting portion 113, which defines also a generally cylindrical cavity therein for receiving a corresponding portion of the connecting body 103, in a force fit relationship, for example, or any other types of connections such as threaded connections, bayonet connections, and so on. The retaining ring 111 may be fixedly attached (e.g., snapped on as described below in reference to
Referring to
The retaining ring 111 may have an opening or two openings 112 formed thereon for receiving fluid from the handpiece 200, as shown in
More details of the retaining ring may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,736, entitled “Ultrasonic Dental Insert Having A Hand Grip Fitted To A Retaining Ring”, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
In other embodiments, the retaining ring 111 may not be present and the groove may be present on the connecting body 103.
To seal the motor portion, for example, transducer 108, of the insert 100 and the handpiece 200 where water is circulated, so that water may lavage the motor 108 and keep it from overheating, as well as to keep the water from the work tip 102 except where desired, as discussed below, an O-ring 106 is generally used. The O-ring 106 generally sits in a groove 120 disposed somewhere on the connecting body 103 of the insert 100.
In one embodiment, the retaining ring 111 may have formed thereon, adjacent to the connecting portion 113, a circular groove 120 for seating the external O-ring 106, as exemplified in
When the insert 100 is disposed inside the hollow cavity 228 of the handpiece 200, the O-ring 106 may serve to retain the insert 100 within the handpiece 200 by, in one embodiment, gripping the inside wall of the handpiece 200 (cylinder), to be held securely inside the handpiece 200.
Typically, because of this sealing action of the O-ring 106, when the insert is inside the handpiece 200, rotation of the insert 100 inside the handpiece about the O-ring 106 is difficult, and generally requires both hands with some force. In the present invention, the O-ring 106 serves both to seal and to facilitate freer rotation of the insert 100 within the handpiece 200. More specifically, the rotation of the insert maybe effected between the O-ring and the rest of the insert.
The structure of the O-ring 106 is the same or substantially the same as that of a traditional O-ring, as is clearly shown in
The relatively low frictional force generated between the contacting surfaces may be due to the interaction of the materials used for these contacting surfaces, i.e., the two surfaces may include materials that have low or no adhesive interactions.
In one embodiment, the contacting surfaces may be constructed of low frictional materials. In one aspect, the exposed surface 120a of the groove 120 may be made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. In another aspect, the exposed surface 120a of the groove 120 may be coated with a low frictional material. In a further aspect, the inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring may be made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. In yet a further aspect, both the exposed surface 120a and the inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106 may be made of a low frictional material. In yet another aspect, both surfaces of contact, i.e. 106b and 120a, may be coated with a material having a relatively low frictional material.
When a coating is used, the coating of the exposed surfaces of the other areas of the retaining ring 111 may occasionally encountered wear problems for some coating materials, as this part of the insert has to endure harsh environments, for example, having constant water flow. At the same time, the coating on the surface 120a of the groove 120 is somewhat protected by the O-ring and may not encounter similar wear problems and thus, if a coating is performed on the surface 120a, more materials may be suitable for this coating. Thus, same, similar or different coating materials may be used for the different surfaces.
Examples of low frictional material may include polymeric or metallic materials. Polymeric materials may include nylon (condensation copolymers formed by reacting equal parts of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, examples of which includes nylon 6,6; nylon 5, 10; etc.), POM, (polyoxymethylene) HDPE (high density polyethylene), UHMW (Ultra high molecular weight high density polyethylene) fluoro-polyethylenes such as PTFE (poly(tetrafluoroethene) or poly(tetrafluoroethylene), for example, Teflon® material and similar and a variety of polyxylylene polymers known as parylene. Metallic materials may include stainless steel, copper, titanium, magnesium, silver, zinc, a combination alloy thereof and similar low frictional materials. These materials may be coated onto the contacting surfaces 120a of the groove, the inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106, or both, if a coating is used. On the other hand, the contacting surfaces 120a or portions encompassing the inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106 may also be made of these low coefficient materials.
In another embodiment, the relatively low frictional surfaces of contact may also be made to have relatively smooth surfaces that may or may not be of relatively low frictional material. For example, by substantially eliminating irregularities on both surfaces of contact, on 106b and 120a, the coefficient of friction of the contacting surfaces may be reduced accordingly.
In yet another embodiment, a dual hardness O-ring 106 having a different hardness/material in the bulk or inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106 from that of the outside peripheral 106a of the O-ring 106 is contemplated. In one aspect, a higher hardness material in the bulk or the inner peripheral 106b may enable the contact surface of the O-ring 106 and the contact surface 120a of the groove 120 to have little or minimal adhesive interaction. Thus, instead of coefficient of friction, the property of the O-ring 106 may also be expressed in terms of its hardness and a lower hardness material on the outer peripheral 106a of the O-ring 106, may have a good sealing effect and better adhesion, while a higher hardness material on the inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106 may allow the insert 100 to rotate more freely inside the handpiece.
As noted above, the lower resistance, due to lower frictional interactions between the inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106 and the contact surface 120a of the groove 120 enables freer rotation of the insert 100 inside the handpiece 200 about the O-ring. In this embodiment, when the coefficient of friction on the outer peripheral 106a is high, there is sufficient axial friction between the insert 100 and the inside wall of the handpiece 200 to substantially prevent the insert 100 from popping out of the handpiece 200 due to water pressure within the handpiece 200 and/or drag by the handpiece cable.
In another embodiment, the frictional force between the outer peripheral 106a of the O-ring 106 and the inside of the handpiece 200 and the frictional force between inner peripheral 106b of the O-ring 106 and the contact surface 120a of the groove 120 on the insert 100 may both be low, as long as the sealing action is not compromised. In this instance, the inside wall of the handpiece 200 may include a groove 120b, as shown in
In a further embodiment, the coefficient of friction of the outer peripheral 106a of the O-ring 106 may be high even when a groove 120b or notch, as noted above, is present.
The groove 120b on the inside of the handpiece 200 may be of a high or low coefficient of friction as long as the sealing action it provides is not compromised.
A handgrip 212 may optionally be present on the handpiece 200, as also exemplified in
The hand grip 212 has an engagement portion 214, which has a generally cylindrical shape and a hollow interior. The engagement portion 214 may be slipped onto the body 202 similar to a sleeve, and engages the body 202 such that the engagement portion envelops a portion of the body 202. The engagement portion may have formed thereon a resilient cantilever portion 218, which may be used to engage one of the slots 208 on the body 202. The engagement portion 214 may also have attached to its bottom surface a handle 216, which may be used by a dental practitioner to hold the handpiece 200 during dental procedures. The handle 216 may have formed on its back surface a plurality of indentations or protrusions 2200, which may be used to facilitate grasping by a dental practitioner. More detail of the handgrip may be found in U.S. publication no. U.S. 2005/0142515 A1, entitled “Dental Tool Having A Hand Grip”, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The handpiece 200 may include at least one coil 238 which may be mounted on a bobbin 236 (shown in exploded form in
The insert 100 may also have a grip portion 104 towards its distal end, enveloping the connecting body 103, as shown in
Also, additives may be added and/or blended into the aforementioned material to impart antimicrobial properties into the grip portion. Antimicrobial polymer additives may be categorized into two broad categories: organic or inorganic. These two categories have different attributes and may produce different desirable end-applications. While many antimicrobial additives are referred to as biocides, they have in fact two different effects: biocidal (killing of the organism) and biostatic (preventing reproduction). Organic additives are generally biostatic, and inorganic additives generally combine biocidal and bio static properties.
Inorganic antimicrobials generally utilize metal ions as their active biocidal agent, and once incorporated into a polymer matrix insitu, they remain with the matrix. The most commonly used metal ion is silver; others include copper and zinc. Silver ions are believed to disable bacterial cells by acting on them in several ways, and this multiplicity of action results in a strong biocidal effect. In the primary mode of attack, silver ions bind to the cell membrane, affecting its ability to regulate the diffusion and transport of molecules in and out of the cell. Similarly, once inside the cell, the ions target thiol groups on the proteins, which function as enzymes in their critical metabolic pathways. This denatures the enzymes, bringing about a loss of cell functional ability, and leads to cell death. Inorganic delivery systems on the market today may include those relying on ceramic glasses, doped titanium dioxides, and even zeolites as their carrier and release mechanisms. Inorganic systems tend to be much more thermally stable than organic ones. The thermal stability of the organic system means there is a wide range of polymers that can benefit from these additives.
For example, an inorganic ceramic crystal may be added to the polymer to impart the natural protection of silver into the polymer matrix, and thus the corresponding molded material prior to molding. In addition, non-metal-containing isothiazalone family of biocides, and other types, such as triclosan (chlorinated diphenyl ether), and Microban® may also provide antimicrobial protection.
Portions of or the entire handgrip may also be made of natural plant materials, natural material coating or blends thereof, that have inherent antimicrobial effects. Such materials include materials like bamboo, believes to possess antimicrobial activity due to some novel chitin-binding peptides.
In one embodiment, the grip portion 104 may be in one piece. In another embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, the grip portion 104 may be formed through injection molding after mounting an illumination energy coil 99 (to be discussed further below) and the light source 101 on the connecting body 103.
In another embodiment, the grip portion 104 may be overmolded onto the connecting body 103, as shown in
The grip portion 104 may have a generally cylindrical shape in one embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, along its outer surface, as shown in
In one embodiment, as shown in
The grip portion 104 has also formed thereon a depressed region 128 below the undercut 1260 on its inner surface, which is used to engage the flange 124 and further prevent the retaining ring 111 from moving into the grip portion 104. The depressed region 128, for example, is also circular in shape, wherein the depressed region 128 has a radius larger than that of the undercut 1260. The undercut 1260 and the depressed region 128 fit tightly with the flanges 121 and 124, respectively.
A tip O-ring 136 may also be present, as shown in
The work tip 102 may be permanently or removably attached to the connecting body 103. When removably attached, the tips 102 may be interchanged depending on the desired application. Further, the tip 102 may be disposed of, or steam autoclaved, or otherwise sterilized, after detaching it from the rest of the ultrasonic dental insert 100. For example, the tip 102 may be made using high temperature plastic such as a polyetherimide like ULTEM®; Polysulfone, Polyphenylene Sulfide, Polyarylate, Epoxy, phenolic, polyurethane, melamine, a polymeric alloy such as Xenoy® resin, which is a composite of polycarbonate and polybutyleneterephthalate or Lexan® plastic, which is a copolymer of polycarbonate and isophthalate terephthalate resorcinol resin (all available from GE Plastics), polycarbonate, acetal, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), liquid crystal polymers, such as an aromatic polyester or an aromatic polyester amide containing, as a constituent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as hydroxybenzoate (rigid monomer), hydroxynaphthoate (flexible monomer), an aromatic hydroxyamine and an aromatic diamine, (exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,242,063, 6,274,242, 6,643,552 and 6,797,198, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference), polyesterimide anhydrides with terminal anhydride group or lateral anhydrides (exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,377, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference) or combinations thereof. The term “plastic” is used herein to generally designate synthetic polymeric material, such as resin.
The work tip 102 may also be made of metal or metallic alloys such as stainless steel, which is particularly suitable when the work tip 102 is permanently attached to the insert 100. The attachment method may include any non-removable attachment such as soldering, welding, brazing, or the tip 102 may also be integrally formed as part of the connecting body 103.
The body 202 of the handpiece 200 has an inner surface which defines a substantially hollow interior or cavity 228 formed therethrough, into which the bobbin 236 is received, as exemplified in
The bobbin 236, if present, has also formed thereon a pair of substantially circular flanges 256 and 258. The long coil 238 may be mounted on the bobbin 236 between the flanges 256 and 258. The bobbin 236 has also formed thereon a pair of substantially circular flanges 260 and 262 near its proximal end. A short coil 240 is mounted on the bobbin 236 between the circular flanges 260 and 262. The coils, 238, 240, for example, are made from insulated wires. In other embodiments, the coils, 238, 240, may have substantially the same length, or the longer coil may be mounted near the proximal end of the bobbin 236.
Near its proximal end, the bobbin 236 has formed thereon a circular groove 272 for seating an O-ring 242. By seating the O-ring 242 in the groove 272, a water tight seal is formed between the bobbin 236 and the inner surface of the body 202 such that the fluid does not leak from the handpiece 200.
The bobbin 236 has an inner surface, which defines a generally cylindrical cavity for transmitting fluid from the proximal end to the distal end, and has an opening 264 at its proximal end for receiving fluid into the cylindrical cavity. The bobbin 236 has also formed at its proximal end a plurality (e.g., three) of openings 266, which are used to receive plug pins 248 in the bobbin 236. The plug pins 248 are made of electrically conductive material such as copper. The bobbin 236, the body 202, the hand grip 212 and the casing for the interconnect 206 are made of a suitable synthetic polymeric material, such as those mentioned above.
The bobbin 236 has also formed thereon a plurality of linear grooves 268 that are aligned with and extend from the respective openings 266 to the coils 238 and/or 240. The pins 248 installed, respectively, in the openings 266 and the grooves 268 are soldered and/or otherwise electrically connected to the coils 238 and/or 240, and are used to transmit electrical signals from the electrical energy & fluid and/or air source via the cable through the interconnect 206.
The interconnect 206 has also formed thereon a plurality (e.g., three) of elongated sockets 246 that engage the openings 266, respectively. The elongated sockets 246, for example, are formed on a connector portion 244 of the interconnect 206. The elongated sockets 246 have formed therein electrical contacts for making electrical connections with the plug pins 248, respectively. The electrical contacts are electrically connected at the other end with the wires in the cable 12, for example, to supply electrical energy to the coils 238 and 240, thereby energizing them.
Referring now to
In one embodiment, the curve in the tapered portion 115 may be towards the light source 101, i.e., towards the right side of the insert 100, if one is present. In another embodiment, the curve in the tapered portion 115 may be away from the light source 101, i.e., towards the left side of the insert 100.
In another embodiment, as exemplified in
In other embodiments, the tip 102 may have an opening towards the distal end for enabling fluid to exit the insert 100, an example of this is shown in
In other embodiments, a fluid passageway 117 may be internal of the tip 102, as exemplified in
In
The aperture 119 may be eccentrically offset from the center axis of the tip 102 such that the passageway 117 is substantially parallel to the center axis of the tip 102 but displaced from said axis towards the distal end. In other examples, the insert 100 may have an opening at the end of its tip 102 which may have a small passage way 117 extending throughout the entire length such that water or any other liquid may exit the tip 102 at its distal point, depending on the type or function of the tip 102.
In one aspect, the passageway 117 may be formed generally along the longitudinal axis of the tip 102 and may be offset such that a fluid discharge orifice 119 may be formed displaced away from the tip 102, such as exemplified in FIG. 7B1 or 7B2. The aperture or orifice 119 may be eccentrically offset from the center axis of the tip 102 such that the passageway 117 is substantially parallel to the center axis of the tip 102 but displaced from said axis towards the distal end.
In one example, a fluid passageway 117 maybe bored through the body of the tip 102, with an angular offset from the longitudinal center axis of the tip body 102 such that fluid discharge orifice 119 is formed in a side wall of the tip body 102, located a selected distance from the distal end of the tip 102, as shown in FIG. 7B1.
According to FIG. 7B1, the internal fluid passageway 117 may emerge from the shaped tip 102 as a fluid discharge orifice 119 at or very near the first node of vibration, if misting desired. At 25 kHz and 30 kHz, the FIG. 7B1 tip design may have its first node at from about 4 to 5 mm from the tip 102. The second loop, after the loop at the tip end, occurs between 7 and 9 mm from the tip end, where the flexural motion is still great enough to cause complete misting of the fluid flowing towards the tip 102. If misting is not desired, the orifice 119 may break out of the tip wall between about 5.5 and 6.5 mm from the tip end. The supply of fluid emerging from the discharge orifice 102f may exit at a point adjacent to a vibrational node of relatively low motion, which may minimize or will not cause spray and mist formation. The exact location of the fluid discharge orifice 119 and, hence, the angle offset employed in boring the passageway 117 may be determined by the ultimate final shape of the tip and the flexural motion desired.
While spraying occurs, the spray is at the work surface and will properly flush and cool the surface of the tooth.
The fluid passageway 117 maybe formed in the tip body 102 by means of a number of techniques including drilling and boring. A boring method maybe of electric discharge machining, a method of removing metal material using a series of rapidly recurring electric arcing discharges between an electrode (the cutting tool) and a work piece. The EDM cutting tool is guided along a cutting path very close to but, not touching, the work piece. Consecutive sparks produce a series of micro-craters in the work piece by melting and vaporizing the workpiece material. The resulting particles are washed away by a continuous flow of dielectric fluid. Utilizing this method may ensure that there is no bending of the hole being drilled, and that the passageway 117 maybe angled to break out on a wall surface of the tip 102, as shown in FIG. 7B1, on the convex side of the existing or intended bend, 5 to 8 mm from the end of the tip 102, as discussed below in relation to FIG. 7B1 or B2. Typically, after forming the passageway 117, the tip 102 is machined, formed or bent to its useful finished shape and configuration. This is discussed more below.
Alternatively, the passageway 117 may be bored into the tip body or cylinder using a lathe that is equipped with a tail stock that can be offset. The offset is adjusted, for example, sufficiently to produce an angle of 1 to 1.6 degrees from the centerline of the tip body cylinder 102. This is equivalent to an offset distance of 0.4 to 0.6 mm at the end of the cylinder 102. The passageway 117 is drilled and the offset tailstock of the lathe is returned to its centering position, aligned with the live or driven center of the lathe. The blank is then machined, for example, to provide tapering, to its final design dimensions. The result is a tip blank that has its internal fluid passageway 117 centered at the large end of the blank and exiting at a cylindrical wall displaced from but near the small end of the tip 102. This process produces a blank that is of uniform cross-section, tapering near the end of the tip 102, where vibrational stresses are greatest and maximum material within the design parameter is needed for strength. Maximum strength may be achieved by this method because the machine tip blank 102 may remain concentric to its maximum strength orientation formed along its longitudinal axis during drawing. The resulting tip 102 has a fluid outlet 119 located 2 to 8 mm from the end of the tip 102.
To produce the passageway 117 exemplified in FIG. 7B1, as another example, if the tip 102 is separate from the connecting body 103, the passageway 117 maybe bore using any suitable boring tool, from the connecting end of the tip 102 to the connecting body 103 prior to connecting to the connecting body 103. The tip 102 may then be bent to any configuration, but typically to an arc of about 60-70 degrees, and typically made after the passageway 117 has been bored, as shown in FIG. 7B2.
In another example, if the tip 102 is connected to the connecting boy, an electric discharge (EDM) method may be used to create the passageway, as shown in FIGS. 7B3 and B4. In this example, a short “cross hole” 102f, as shown in FIG. 7B3 is first made in the connecting body 103. The cross hole allows fluid supplying to the inside of the handpiece 200 to feed into the passageway 117. The tip 102 is also first bent to a ‘Contrabend Geometry’ as shown in FIG. 7B3. The long passage 117 is substantially parallel to the axis of the connecting body 103 and substantially coincident with the central axis of the connecting body 103. The passageway 117 maybe then cleaned and/or deburred. At the completion of the process, the tip 102 is then bent to a ‘Final Bend Geometry’ as shown in FIG. 7B4.
In all the examples, care is undertaken to insure that the bend does not restrict the flow of fluid through the tip 102. The exact shape of the tip may be determined by the work piece surfaces upon which the tool is to be utilized.
In another aspect, the tip 102 may have an opening at the distal end for enabling fluid to exit the insert 100, an example of this is shown in
In a further aspect, the passageway 117 may be formed generally along the longitudinal center axis of the tip 102, but without bending the tip 102 prior to the drilling or EDM process, as shown in FIG. 7B1, except that the axis of the passageway 117 makes a substantially right-angled turn towards the exit point or orifice 119 in the wall of the tip 102 instead of angling along the length of the passageway.
In yet a further aspect, a tube internal of the tip 102 may be used to carry the fluid towards the bent portion of the tip, as shown in
In yet another aspect, the tube internal of the tip 102 may exit in an area of the tip 102 where there is a groove in the tip so that the tube may rest in the groove (not shown) for a distance and thus is barely visible. In this embodiment, the flow tube 102a as shown in
In yet another embodiment, as exemplified in
The sleeve 102C, may be in the form of, for example, an elongated elastomeric tube portion, and may also act to dampen noise generated by operation of the insert 100. The elastomeric material may include an acrylic acid/acrylic ester copolymer such as iso-octylacrylate, having good vibration damping properties, or any of the materials described below for the handgrip 104. Some of these materials are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,562, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Further, an opening for applying the fluid to the mouth may instead be formed on the bobbin 126, as noted above, or the grip portion 104.
The tip 102 may be in the form of a scaler, an endodontic dental file, a dental drill, or those useful for other periodontal treatments. Some of them can also have a capability of delivering fluid and/or air.
The tip 102 may be formed as a single integrated piece with the connecting body 103. In other embodiments, the tip 102 may have attached to the interface portion 1140, a threaded portion for engaging a threaded opening formed on the connecting body 103. This is illustrated in
What is being described for
The replaceable tip 102′, as shown in
In one embodiment, the connecting body 103′ has formed thereon the threaded tap 119′ for screwing in the tip 102′, as is shown in
The connecting body 103′ has formed surrounding the threaded tap 119′ a pair of grooves 141′ and 143′ for seating O-rings 140′ and 142′, respectively. The O-rings absorb shock such that the vibrations “felt” by the tip 102 are reduced (i.e., dampened), thereby reducing the chance of breaking the plastic tip 102. In other embodiments, the connecting body may have only one or two or more O-rings mounted thereon for such shock absorption purposes. In still other embodiments, the threaded portion 109′ may have a diameter that is substantially the same as the diameter of the interface portion 114′, and the diameter of the threaded tap portion 119′ may be correspondingly larger to receive the threaded portion 109′.
The transducer 108, as shown in
During operation, the stack of thin nickel plates 108, for example, vibrates at a frequency equal to the stack's natural frequency responsive to excitation induced by coils 268 of the handpiece 200. After the insert 100 is placed in the handpiece 200 and the electrical energy source 14 is powered on, the operator may manually tune the frequency of the electrical energy source until it reaches the resonance frequency, i.e., the natural frequency of the insert. Alternatively, auto-tune units may automatically lock on the insert resonance frequency once powered on. At this time, the stack begins vibrating. This vibration of the stack is amplified and transmitted to the tip 102 through the connecting body 103. Any means of amplification are contemplated. Ultrasonic inserts 100 may vibrate at frequencies of from about 20 KHz to about 50 KHz in general, and those used in the United States are typically designed to vibrate at frequencies of about 25 kHz or about 30 kHz. In response to the ultrasonic vibration of the stack of thin nickel plates 108, the tip 102 and the connecting body 103 vibrates (e.g., rapid back and forth motion in the direction of the axis of the connecting body 103). By way of example, the motion in the direction of the axis may be between about 0.00125 centimeter (cm) to about 0.00375 cm depending on such factors as the vibration frequency, material used for the connecting body 103, the length of the connecting body 103, and the like.
In one embodiment, the light source 101 is energized by the already available ultrasonic vibrational energy such that an additional source of energy is not needed. By way of example, a transducer 108, such as and/or including, an illumination energy coil 238, is provided and attached to the light source 101 such that the light source 101 is energized using vibrational energy converted by the transducer 108. By way of example, a first transducer 108 is used to generate ultrasonic vibrations. This causes the connecting body 103 to move rapidly to generate an electromagnetic field during operation of the insert 100. As the connecting body 103 of the dental insert 100 moves, an alternating current (ac) voltage is generated in the illumination energy coil 238, which is connected in series with the light source 101 (e.g., light emitting diode (LED)) to provide energy for light emission. In other embodiments, any other suitable transducer for converting vibrational energy to energy for light emission may be used. The word “light source” as used herein may include one or more than one light source(s).
In other embodiments, the ultrasonic dental insert 308 may use a piezoelectric transducer 306, as is common in Europe, as exemplified in
As is known by one of skill in the art, the piezoelectric effect is reversible. Applying an appropriate stress to a piezoelectric crystal may cause a voltage to appear across the crystal. This voltage, in turn, may be used to drive an electric current through an electrical load, such as a light emitting diode. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the invention shown in
In
In operation, the ultrasonic generator 314 is disposed within the magnetic field and vibrates in response to the alternation of the magnetic field, as noted above. The vibrations of the ultrasonic generator 314 are mechanically coupled to the tip 316 and to the piezoelectric generator 312. The piezoelectric generator 312 generates an electrical current which is received by the light source 310. The light source 310 may be integrated with the dental insert 308, and may include two or more light sources, similar to that discussed before.
In one aspect, the piezoelectric member 312 may be disposed anywhere it may readily access the mechanical or vibrational energy of the first transducer 314. In one embodiment, the piezoelectric member 312 may be disposed proximate to the connecting body 311. In another embodiment, the piezoelectric member 312 may be disposed proximate to the first transducer 314. In yet another embodiment, the piezoelectric member 312 may be combined with the first transducer 314. In one aspect, a piezoelectric member 312 may be used in place of one of the nickel plates in the first transducer 314. In another aspect, a piezoelectric member 312 may surround at least a portion of the first transducer 314, for example, as a coating on at least a portion of the first transducer 314.
The piezoelectric generator 312 may include a piezoelectric body such as a quartz crystal, a Rochelle salt crystal, a lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramic, polymers including polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), or similar. Vibration of the tool tip 316 and/or a connecting body 311 induces an electrical voltage across the piezoelectric body. The electrical voltage drives a current through the light source 310, such as a light emitting diode, supported on the dental insert 308 of the dental tool 300. According to one aspect of the invention, light from the light source 310 may be used to illuminate a work region near the tip 316 of the dental tool 300, as shown in
Surprisingly, it is found that when the connecting body 103, or 103′ or portions of the insert 100 is effectively magnetized, the output of the light source such as an LED 101 is sufficiently bright to be used on a workpiece, particularly when the energy for powering the light source 101 comes from the vibrational energy. In one embodiment, when such mildly magnetic material is used for the connecting body 103, or 103′, a magnetic source, such as a permanent magnet, a rare-earth magnet, or a magnetic field, may be used to initiate and/or also to re-establish proper magnetization of the metal connecting body 103 or 103′ after autoclaving or exposure to unsuitable environment such as shock. When this re-magnetizing is done, the brightness of the light source, such as the LED 101, is increased by more than, for example, about 50% over that of a non-magnetized connecting body, or even over that of a mildly magnetized connecting body. The magnetic source 410 may be placed in close proximity to the connecting body 103 or the insert 100. For example, the magnetic source 410 may be embedded in the housing of the insert, as shown in
In a further exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the connecting body 103, or 103′ and/or insert 100 may include a magnetic material or source 410, such as a permanent magnet, or a rare-earth magnet. A rare-earth metal, such as Neodymium-Boron, or Samarium-Cobalt, may be formed one at least a portion of the connecting body 103 or 103′ towards the tip 102.
According to one embodiment, a ring-shaped holder 147 may be used to hold the magnetic source. In one embodiment, the ring-shaped holder 147 may be integrally formed on the bobbin 126, as exemplified in FIGS. 7D1 and D2. In one embodiment, the magnetic source 410 may be of arcuate shape. The arcuate shape may be of a small arc. In another embodiment, the magnetic source 149 may be of a rectangular block, as exemplified in FIGS. 7D1 and 7D2. The thicknesses and lengths of the blocks may vary. A thinner and longer block may reduce the protrusion of the magnetic source material 149, and thus the protrusion on the handgrip may be reduced, while at the same time, a thicker and shorter block may aid in space management of the insert in other respects.
In addition, one of skill in the art would recognize that the shapes and locations of the magnetic materials or sources shown in
In one embodiment, the magnetic material or source 149 may be placed inside an appropriate holder, as exemplified in FIG. 7D1, 7D2, 7D3, 7D4 or 7D5 (to be further discussed below), to magnetize or to re-magnetize the insert 100 or 100′ and tip 102 to allow the connecting body 103 or 103′ to generate an electromagnetic field during operation of the insert 100 to power an attached light source 101 such as an LED. The holder may be in close proximity to the coil 99′ inside the grip portion 104, such as shown in
In another embodiment, the magnetic material or source 410, may be placed inside the grip portion 104, as shown in
As noted, the connecting body 103 is used to transfer ultrasonic energy from an attached ultrasonic transducer 108 to the tip 102 of the connecting body 103, which may or may not be a detachable piece of the connecting body 103.
In the present invention, the magnetic materials or sources such as permanent magnets and rare earth magnets may be used. Iron, nickel, cobalt and some of the rare earths (gadolinium, dysprosium) exhibit a unique magnetic behavior which is called ferromagnetism because iron (ferric) is the most common and most dramatic example. Samarium and neodymium in alloys with cobalt or boron have also been used to fabricate very strong rare-earth magnets.
Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a long range ordering phenomenon at the atomic level which causes the unpaired electron spins to line up parallel with each other in a region called a domain. Within the domain, the magnetic field is intense, but in a bulk sample, the material may usually be unmagnetized because the many domains may themselves be randomly oriented with respect to one another. Ferromagnetism manifests itself in the fact that a small externally imposed magnetic field, say from a solenoid, may cause the magnetic domains to line up with each other and the material is said to be magnetized. The driving magnetic field is then increased by a large factor which is usually expressed as a relative permeability for the material.
Without wishing to be bound by a theory, it is surmised that some magnetic materials, for example those having low susceptibility or permeability (low tendency to become magnetized), low hysteresis, (low tendency to “remember their magnetic history”), or low remanence (the fraction of the saturation magnetization which is retained when the driving field is removed), may lose what little magnetic properties they have due to autoclaving, repeated cycling, and/or physical shock. This loss may also lead to loss in the ability of the device to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, and hence, reduced brightness of the light source 102.
On the other hand, those materials having good susceptibility or permeability, good hysteresis, and high remanence, such as permanent magnets, some rare earth magnets, or ferromagnets, may be effective in initiating, maintaining, regenerating and/or increasing proper magnetization of the connecting body 103 or 103′, and hence the brightness of the light source 102.
At the same time, all ferromagnets may also have a maximum temperature where the ferromagnetic property disappears as a result of thermal agitation. This temperature is called the Curie temperature. As long as the autoclaving temperature stays below this temperature, the magnetic properties may be maintained and the light source brightness is probably not affected. However, even below the Curie temperature, continual use and autoclaving may gradually reduce the magnetic property of the magnetic source 410, though the brightness of the light source 102 may remain in the useful range.
Autoclave in general is done above about 120° c. Therefore any magnetic source having a Curie temperature above that temperature is not likely to be affected by autoclaving.
Some rare earths, for example, gadolinium, have unusual superconductive properties. As little as 1 percent gadolinium may improve the workability and resistance of iron, chromium, and related alloys to high temperatures and oxidation. However, gadolinium has a Curie temperature at about room temperature, and thus may not be suitable for use as a portion of the connecting body 103, if autoclaving of such is to be customarily performed.
In one embodiment, if the magnetic material or source 410 used includes gadolinium or others having a low Curie temperature, it may be removable prior to autoclaving. The magnet, as long as it is in sufficiently close proximity to the connecting body 103, 103′ and/or the insert 100 during use, has value in initiating, re-magnetizing and maintaining proper magnetization of the connecting body 103 or 103′.
In one aspect, the magnetic source may also be coated with a coating material for durability and/or corrosion resistance. The coating may include a polymeric material, a metallic coating, a non-metallic inorganic coating or combinations thereof. Examples of suitable polymeric material may be any that can be film forming either from solution, melt extruded or cast and may include those that are suitable for the tip 102 construction mentioned above. Examples of metallic coatings may include metallic nitride and carbide coatings such as titanium nitride, titanium carbide and so on. Examples of inorganic coatings may include ceramic coatings, diamond-like carbon coatings and the like.
Referring now to
As also shown here in
In one embodiment, the bobbin 126′ may be a light transmitting cylinder or tube that may act as a light guide or light pipe 101c for transmitting light from the light source 101b located away from the tip 102′, as exemplified in
In another embodiment, as shown in
In other embodiments, a plurality of light ports 313, with their respective light sources 310a and light transports 3110, as shown in
The light transports 311, as shown in
It can be seen in FIGS. 7C and 7D1, that the illumination energy coil 99 is wound around the illumination energy bobbin 126, which is mounted in a surrounding relationship with the connecting body 103. The bobbin 126, for example, may be made of high temperature plastic such as ULTEM® or any other suitable material mentioned above for the construction of the tip 102. The amount of voltage generated in the illumination energy coil 99 depends on such factors as the number of coil turns, the location of the illumination energy coil 99 with respect to the connecting body 103, the speed and frequency of the connecting body movement, the material used for the connecting body, and the like.
By way of example, when the illumination energy coil 99 may be made of, for example, an 18 gauge copper wire and have multiple turns and the connecting body 103 is, for example, made of 17-4 PH stainless steel, or 420 stainless steel, as mentioned above, the voltage signal having between about, for example, 1 and about 10 volts, more for example, about 1 to about 5 volts, peak-to-peak, may be generated with the vibration frequency of 25 kHz. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the magnitude of the voltage generated will generally increase as the number of turns and/or the vibration frequency increase.
In addition to the use of wires as an exemplary embodiment, a coil 99 may include any appropriate structure that may define at least a part of closed electrical pathway that may be induced by an appropriate changing magnetic flux. Such structures may include a single wire coil, multiple wire coils, wire flat spirals, wire conical coils and/or any other appropriate conductive structure that may properly be induced by a changing magnetic flux. Wire structures may be wound about a structurally defining element, formed and retained by their own rigidity, formed and retained within a structural material such as resin, and/or by any other appropriate method. In some embodiments, wire structures may be disposed on or within a flexible substrate and may be formed into an appropriate shape, orientation and/or form. For example, wire segments and/or structures may be disposed within a tape or other appropriate strip-like material. Such tape may then be wrapped around structurally defining elements to define wire structures such as coils. Electrical contacts may be disposed on the tape such that the embedded wires may be connected to other electrical elements. Examples of appropriate materials for embedding wire structures may include any substantially flexible and non-conductive materials, such as, for example, polyimide films such as Kapton produced by DuPont.
Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the voltage may increase as the illumination energy bobbin 126 (and the illumination energy coil 99) is mounted closer to the nodal point on the connecting body 103 than to the distal end where the tip 102 is attached to. The nodal point is where the magnitude of the longitudinal waves on the connecting body 103 is close to zero, and the longitudinal stress is at the maximum, and may, in
Surprisingly, the presence of the magnetic material increases the brightness of the light source to an extent that it render the location of mounting of the illumination bobbin 126 irrelevant, thus increasing the flexibility and robustness of manufacturing.
It can be seen in
FIGS. 7D1, 7D2, 7D3, 7D4 and 7D5 each illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the illumination energy bobbin 126 of
In accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the bobbin 126 further includes slots or other holding features 147 disposed near the light emitting circuitry, including the light source 101 and the illumination energy coil 99, as shown in FIGS. 7D1 and D5, or 7D2, D3 and D4. In the present embodiment, the slots or holding features 147 may be for example, of a box-like shape, and may be adapted to receive and retain magnets or magnetic source 410 or elements 149 in proximity to the light emitting circuitry so as to initiate, increase, maintain or re-magnetize the insert 100 and tip 102 to allow the connecting body 103 or 103′ to generate an electromagnetic field during operation of the insert 100 to power an attached light source 101 such as an LED. The holder 147 may be in close proximity to the coil 99 (not shown here) inside the grip 104 that is used to generate the electromagnetic field that generates power to light the LED 101 connected to the insert 100 or 100′. The presence of this magnetic material or source 410 may allow the connecting body 103 or 103′ to retain its magnetic properties in an optimal manner even after exposure to heat or physical shock, as described above.
In one embodiment, the illumination coil 99 may be wound about an illumination bobbin 126, as shown in FIG. 7D3. For the energy generated to be used to light up the light source 101, the bobbin 126 may be made from a non-magnetic material, for example 303 & 316L stainless steel and other non-magnetic metals, polymers, cellulose, minerals, ceramics or a combination thereof.
In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the retaining ring 111 and the bobbin 126 may be in a one-piece unitary structure 2303, as shown in
In one aspect, heat treatment may be utilized to strengthen the working tip 2306 after bending to minimize the potential for breaking during use, especially prolong use. It may also be more advantageous to heat treat the working tip after it is bent and not before. After heat treatment, a distal O-ring 2800 may be inserted prior to the coupling of the unitary structure 2303 or 2403 to the working tip by means of a pin, for example, 2328, as shown in
In
To complete the assembly of motor or transducer 2326 or 2425, a lens assembly 2600, as shown in
In one embodiment, the unitary structure 2303 or 2403 may be made by machining, such as computer numerical control (CNC) machining. In another embodiment, it may be created by investment casting or lost-wax casting, the oldest known metal-forming technique. In a further embodiment, a powdered metal sintering process or by a thixomolding process. In yet another embodiment, it may be created by metal injection molding (MIM). This latter embodiment presents a more cost effective way to create more complex geometries in higher volumes and allows for a multitude of material choices.
Metal injection molding is an effective way to produce complex and precision-shaped parts from a variety of materials. It is common for this process to produce parts for about 50% less than the cost of CNC machining or investment casting. At the same time the true value of MIM comes from its ability to produce parts with complex shapes, superior strength, and excellent surface finish in combination with high volume manufacturing capability. The total cost savings results from the combination of shape complexity, production volumes, size of part and material used. The sizes of parts currently typical of MIM are generally between about 10 grams to about 250 grams, for example; more for example, about 30 grams to about 150 grams per piece.
Referring to
In
Referring to
Referring again to
In
In
Referring to
Referring to
a show a side and top cross sectional views of rotatable ultrasonic dental insert 2400 prior to it being overmolded with grip 2307. In
There may be many other acceptable methods for assembling together all of the components as the following is only one example.
In one embodiment, as shown in
As seen in
As illustrated in
In some aspects, the bobbin body 1610a may be internally reflective, as discussed above, such that it may transmit the majority of the light from the light source 1620 to its distal end through airspace and/or by reflective from its walls rather than through the side walls. In other aspects, the bobbin body 1610a may allow transmission of light through its side walls and as such may provide a greater field of illumination.
In another embodiment, as exemplified in
As seen in
In one aspect, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the light guide path 1712 may feature reflective walls and/or be internally reflective such that it may better conduct light from the light source 1720 to the light emitting region 1710b.
In other embodiments, the light guide path 1712 may also include optically active features that may include, but are not limited to, focusing means, collimating means, diffusing means, polarizing means, filtering means and/or any other desired optically active features.
In another aspect, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the light pipe 1808 may allow light emission from only the tip 1802. In other embodiments, the light pipe 1808 may allow light emission from its walls.
In another embodiment, the light pipe 1808 may be constructed from an elastic and/or flexible light transmitting material such that it may be deformed to adjust the direction of the output light.
Suitable light transmitting materials may include, but are not limited to, glass, silica, transparent alumina and/or other inorganic transparent or translucent crystalline materials, acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polystyrene, combinations thereof and/or any other appropriate material that may substantially transmit light.
Internal reflection may be accomplished by a variety of methods, such as, but not limited to, engineering a boundary that creates a higher refractive index within the light-carrying material than in the surroundings, coating a light-carrying material with a reflective material, such as reflective metals including aluminum, copper and/or silver, liquid-crystal polymers, cholesteric polymers and/or any other suitable material that may substantially reflect light.
In another embodiment of the invention, to minimize the bulge in the grip portion 104, thinner and longer magnetic sources may also be used.
In a further embodiment of the invention, arcuate-shaped holders may be used, as disclosed above in connection with
In
In some embodiments, the circuitry of the illumination energy coil 99 and light source 101 may include a source of rectification, as exemplified in
In particular, this may be useful in powering LED light sources as such devices are only active when current is polarized in a particular direction and are not able to utilize both phases of an ac current voltage signal. Further, the generation of a more constant direct current voltage signal may aid in increasing the effective lifetime of a light source such as an LED, as a direct current voltage signal presents a steady current to the device rather than effectively turning the device on and off, as is the case with an ac current voltage signal.
A full bridge rectifier, such as the element 600 shown in
A center-tapped configuration may generate a full-wave rectified direct current voltage signal at the light source 101 from the ac current voltage signal generated by the illumination energy coil 99. The circuit diagram shown in
In the light emitting circuitry of
In the light emitting circuitry of
As noted, a light source 101 may be a single light source or a plurality of light sources. Each light source may also be a single LED, multiple LEDs or arrays, as exemplified in
In
In further embodiments, the light emitting circuitry may include voltage smoothing means. Voltage smoothing means may, for example, include a reservoir capacitor, a capacitor-input filter and/or any other circuit elements that may substantially smooth or lessen the variance in output voltage signal generated by the illumination energy coil 99. Such voltage smoothing means may operate in general by utilizing variations in the potential of an input voltage signal and may store energy during at least a part of the voltage signal while releasing stored energy during at least another part of the voltage signal. Voltage smoothing circuitry may include capacitors, inductors and/or any other appropriate circuit elements that may aid in responding to varying electrical potentials and/or storing electrical energy.
Reductions in voltage variance at the light source may, for example, aid in increasing the effective lifespan of the light source by minimizing electrical stress due to input variance or “on/off” stress. Reducing voltage variance may also generate a more steady light output and may increase the overall light output over time.
The rectification circuitry discussed above is also effective in realizing full-utilization of the ac voltage generated. A magnetic source may also be used to increase the brightness of the light source.
In one aspect, the ultrasonic dental tool 10 includes monitoring systems for tool usage and condition. The dental tool 10 may include, for example, usage time monitoring circuitry, wear usage circuitry, electromagnetic monitoring circuitry and/or any other appropriate monitoring systems.
In one embodiment, the ultrasonic dental insert 100 includes a monitoring circuit 1200, as shown in
The monitoring circuit 1200 may be connected to a monitoring system 130, as shown in
The monitoring circuit 1200 may be connected for communication to the system 130 by any appropriate system, which may include, but are not limited to, electrical conductors, such as electrical wires 122, 123 in
In general, the monitoring circuit 1200 may be powered by any appropriate power source, such as, for example, a battery, a capacitor, a transducer, an external source and/or any other appropriate source.
In one embodiment, monitoring circuit 1200 of
In another embodiment, monitoring system 130 of the ultrasonic unit 14 may be a time monitoring circuit which may record the duration of use of the unit 14. In particular, the time monitoring circuit 1200 may record the duration of a usage cycle (e.g. the time between activating the insert 100 and deactivating the insert 100). The time monitoring circuit 1200 may then transmit the duration information to an IC chip of the monitoring circuit 1200 on the insert 100, which may record an integrated time duration of the usage of insert 100 by summing the usage times transmitted by the time monitoring circuit 1200.
In some embodiments, the IC chip of the monitoring circuit 1200 may provide a predetermined maximum usage time that may limit the duration of use of the ultrasonic dental insert 100. The IC chip of the monitoring circuit 1200 may, for example, generate a control signal which may prevent the usage of the ultrasonic dental insert 100 by an ultrasonic unit or handpiece when the maximum usage time has been reached, or it may cause the unit 14 to indicate that the insert 100 may need replacement via an at least one indicator 15, as shown in
In another embodiment, the monitoring circuit 1200 includes a sensor(s) which may detect electromechanical characteristics of the insert 100. Measured electromechanical characteristics may include, but are not limited to, power level, stroke amplitude, vibration frequency, and/or any other appropriate characteristic. Alternatively, the monitoring system 130 in the ultrasonic unit 14 may include a sensor(s).
In one embodiment, the ultrasonic dental unit 14 may include systems for storing established reference values for insert electromechanical characteristics and comparing them to the detected values from the insert 100. The unit 14 may then determine whether the insert 100 is performing within or outside a predetermined acceptable range of performance and may indicate via an at least one indicator 15 to a user the status of the insert 100. This detection may be performed on either a new or used insert 100.
In still another embodiment, the monitoring circuit 1200 may include a coil 160, as shown in
In another aspect, the monitoring circuit 1200 of the insert 100 may be externally powered. Ultrasonic inserts are typically autoclaved for sterilization and the harsh environment of the autoclave may be detrimental to an internal power source, such as a battery. The monitoring circuit 1200 of the insert 100 may, for example, draw power from the ultrasonic unit 14 via electrical conductors 122, 123, as shown in
In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit 1200 may be wireless and may be externally powered by a wireless power source. A wireless power source may include, for example, an electromagnetic field. A wireless monitoring circuit 1200 may generally include an antenna 1261, as shown in
In one embodiment, a coil 160 may be utilized as an antenna and a power source, as described above in regard to
In another embodiment, the monitoring circuit 1200 may include an energy dissipating system. IC chips may be subject to overpowering and/or electric shorting from an excess of electric current. This may be particularly problematic in systems such as IC chips that are wirelessly powered by antennas and/or coils. An energy dissipating system may be included to consume at least a portion of the electric current that would be provided to a monitoring circuit 1200. This may aid in preventing overpowering and/or shorting of components of the monitoring circuit, such as, for example, an IC chip. An energy dissipating system may include, but is not limited to, resistors, inductors, capacitors, combinations thereof, and/or any other appropriate system.
In still another embodiment, the insert 100 includes a light source 101 as shown in
In one aspect, the power source may be, for example, a coil 112. The coil 112 may draw power in a manner similar or identical to the coil 160 discussed above and may provide power to the light source 101 and the monitoring circuit 1200 via conductors 1110, 125, respectively.
The control system 690 includes a CPU 700, program memory logic 702, an I/O logic device 704, a data bus 706 and system indicators 708. The CPU 700, program memory logic 702, and the I/O logic device 704 are connected to the data bus 706. The I/O logic device 704 is further connected to system indicators 708. In one embodiment of the invention, the I/O logic device 704 further includes device drivers. The I/O logic device 704 is further connected to the memory integrated circuit 212, which may be disposed on an ultrasonic insert 100. Ultrasonic unit controls 710 are connected to the I/O device 704. A power source 712 provides power to the CPU 700, program memory logic 702, the I/O logic device 704 and the memory integrated circuit 212.
The CPU 700, program memory logic 702 and the I/O logic device 704 are for example, microelectronic devices, located in the ultrasonic unit 14. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic unit controls 710 and power source 712 are also located in the ultrasonic unit 14. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the CPU 700, program memory logic 702, I/O logic device 704, ultrasonic unit controls 710, and power 712 are, for example, located in the handpiece 200. The ultrasonic unit controls 710 are, for example, at least one transistor device or electronic or electro-mechanical relay device for controlling the on/off function of the ultrasonic unit 14. The system indicators 708 are, for example, the lighted indicators on the ultrasonic unit 14 or, for example, the handpiece 200.
In
In one aspect, the illumination energy coil 330 may be supported by a sheath 220 integral to the ultrasonic dental insert 100, as shown in
In one aspect, the sheath 220 may be formed such that it may cover at least part of a handpiece housing 82 when inserted into a handpiece 200. In general, the sheath 220 may serve as a barrier such that it may reduce cross-contamination to and from the patient's mouth. The insert 100 may, for example, be sterilized prior to use by methods such as autoclaving, alcohol sterilization, and/or any other appropriate method such that when the sheath covers the handpiece 200, it may provide a sterile surface that may be inserted into the patient's mouth, as noted before. The ultrasonic dental tool may then be used without sterilizing of the handpiece 100. The sheath 220 may also help to prevent contaminants from one patient's mouth from being transferred to another patient or to the work area by the handpiece 200.
In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the sheath 220 may have a generally cylindrical section 222 with a hollow interior 224 which may fit over the handpiece housing 82, as exemplified in
In some embodiments, the sheath 220 may have a generally cylindrical section 222 with a hollow interior 224 which may fit over the handpiece housing 82, as exemplified in
Of course, the insert 100 having a sheath 220 may also have an illumination energy coil 99, for example, proximal to the connecting body 103, and generates a voltage signal in response to movement of a portion of the connecting body 103 according to the ultrasonic vibrations, and optionally, having a magnetic material or source 99, as discussed above and exemplified in FIGS. 7D1, 7D2, 7D3, 7D4 and 7D5.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential character hereof. The present description is therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/037,689, filed on Mar. 18, 2008, titled “ROTATABLE ULTRASONIC DENTAL TOOL” and provisional application No. 61/089,650, filed on Aug. 18, 2008, titled “ROTATABLE ULTRASONIC DENTAL TOOL”, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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