1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a rotating envelope x-ray tube (rotary piston x-ray tube) of the type having a housing with a beam exit window that is transparent to x-ray radiation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A rotating envelope tube of the above type is, known for example, from DE 103 35 664 B3. In such rotating envelope tubes, an outer casing of the housing has an annular x-ray exit window produced from a material that is transparent for x-rays, cooling fluid circulates in an intermediate space formed between the outer casing and an inner casing permanently connected therewith. Due to centrifugal forces, in particular at high rotation speeds, the cooling fluid exerts a high pressure on the x-ray exit window. The maximum rotation speed and thus also the load capacity of the rotating envelope tube are limited, among other things, by the stability (strength) of the x-ray exit window.
An object of the invention is to provide a rotating envelope x-ray tube with further improved load capacity.
This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a rotating envelope x-ray tube wherein the x-ray exit window internally exhibits a structure through which cooling fluid can flow, it is thereby made possible to fashion the x-ray exit window thicker. Because this the inventive structure allows cooling fluid to flow through the window, an effective cooling of the x-ray exit window is achieved. Overall the stability of the x-ray exit window can be distinctly increased. This in turn enables operation of the rotating envelope radiator at further increased rotation speeds and thus the load capacity of the rotating envelope tube is also increased.
In an embodiment of the invention, the housing has an inner casing and an outer casing permanently connected with the inner casing, and an intermediate space for passage of cooling fluid is formed between the inner casing and the outer casing. In this case the cooling fluid is thus rotated with the same rotation speed as the housing. This enables an exact restricted guidance of the cooling fluid and therewith a particularly effective cooling. In comparison to rotating envelope tubes in which the inner casing is not connected with the outer casing such that it rotates in a fixed manner therewith, the occurrence an unwanted friction between the cooling fluid and the inner casing is avoided. The inventive rotating envelope tube can be rotated with a comparably low drive power.
In a further embodiment the x-ray exit window has a wall that is impenetrable for cooling fluid, and this wall is on the external side of the housing formed by the outer casing. This enables a fluid-sealed design limited by the outer casing. In this case it is not necessary for the outer casing to be provided by with a further housing for accommodation of cooling fluid exiting via the x-ray exit window.
The x-ray exit window appropriately extends radially inwardly from the outer casing into the intermediate space. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the x-ray exit window extends from the outer casing across the intermediate space up to the inner casing and is connected with the inner casing without slippage. A particularly mechanically stable embodiment of the x-ray exit window is thereby achieved. This embodiment enables a particularly high load capacity of the rotating envelope tube.
The intermediate space is advantageously connected with the structure through which cooling fluid can flow. Without further measures it is therewith possible to pass fluid flowing in the intermediate space through the structure. A special device is not required for supplying the structure through which cooling fluid can flow with cooling fluid. The structure through which cooling fluid can flow can be directly supplied with cooling fluid from the intermediate space and cooling fluid exiting from the structure through which cooling fluid can flow can be supplied again to the intermediate space.
According to a further embodiment, the structure can be formed from fixed structural elements and voids located between them. The fixed structural elements are essentially transparent for x-ray radiation, but they exhibit a somewhat lesser transparency in comparison to the voids situated between them. Each of the structural elements extends over a predetermined radial segment of the x-ray window. The structural elements are appropriately regularly arranged in the circumferential direction of the housing. In this case a structural element is provided by the geometry that recurs in the circumferential direction, this geometry resulting from the arrangement of the voids, Given a regular arrangement of the structure elements and of the voids in the circumferential direction, a modulation of the x-ray radiation exiting from the x-ray exit window (which modulation interferes with the image generation) can be avoided. It is particularly advantageous when a number N of absorber elements is selected such that the following relation applies:
T/N<<1/f,
wherein T is the rotation duration for one rotation of the rotating envelope, N is the number of the structural elements per revolution, and f is an image data readout rate.
Given a regular or periodic arrangement of the structural elements under consideration of the above relation, it is ensured that the structure does not interfere with the image generation.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the structure is formed from a material that is porous or foam-like. Such material exhibits a communicating pore space. In particular, a material is used that is essentially transparent for x-rays. The structure produced from a porous or foam-like material is particularly rigid and simultaneously enables an excellent cooling of the x-ray exit window. The material can be a metal, for example aluminum, magnesium, titanium, a ceramic, or glass.
According to a further embodiment, the structure has a number of channels. The channels can be arranged essentially parallel to the rotational axis of the housing. The provision of the channels can be achieved relatively simply with an x-ray exit window produced from metal.
The x-ray exit window can form an annular segment of the housing. The production expenditure can thereby be reduced.
The x-ray exit window can be produced from one of the following materials: SiSiC, SSiC, LP:SiC, Al, Mg, Ti, SiC, Al2O3, AlN, Si3N4.
In the rotating envelope tube shown in
The structure 8 is connected with the outer casing 4 and the inner casing 2 without slippage. For example, the structure 8 can form a ring extending over the axial length of the x-ray exit window 7, the ring being produced in a one-piece fashion with a segment of the outer casing 4 and of the inner casing 2. Alternatively the structure 8 can be inserted into the intermediate space 3 formed between the outer casing 4 and the inner casing 2, and connected without slippage to the outer casing 4 and the inner casing 2, for example by means of welding, soldering or the like.
The structure 8 preferably forms a regular pattern composed of structural elements and void 9. Such a regular pattern is also present in the embodiment of
As can be seen from
The inventive x-ray exit window 7 in a simple manner compensates pressure forces formed within the x-ray exit window during a fast rotation. It has proven to be advantageous for the volume of the channels 9 or of the voids to be approximately equal to the volume of the structural elements 10 surrounding the channels 9 or the voids.
Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventors to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of their contribution to the art.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2005 049 273 | Oct 2005 | DE | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2900543 | Heuse | Aug 1959 | A |
5384820 | Burke | Jan 1995 | A |
5703926 | Bischof | Dec 1997 | A |
Number | Date | Country |
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103 35 664 | Jun 2005 | DE |
0 715 314 | Dec 2000 | EP |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20070092065 A1 | Apr 2007 | US |