Patent Grant
7372650
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to rotating media storage devices (RMSDs). More particularly, the present invention relates to an RMSD that has at least one calibration track with unique calibration servo synch marks (SSMCs).
2. Description of the Prior Art and Related Information
Computer systems rely on rotating media storage devices (RMSDs), which often employ a moveable head actuator to frequently access large amounts of data stored on the media. One example of an RMSD is a hard disk drive. A conventional hard disk drive has a head disk assembly (“HDA”) including at least one magnetic disk (“disk”), a spindle motor for rapidly rotating the disk, and a head stack assembly (“HSA”) that includes a head gimbal assembly (HGA) with a moveable transducer head for reading and writing data. The HSA forms part of a servo control system that positions the transducer head over a particular track on the disk to read or write information from and to that track, respectively.
With reference to
The most popular form of servo is called “embedded servo” wherein the servo information is written in a plurality of servo wedges 14a, 14b, etc. that are angularly spaced from one another and are interspersed between data sectors 15 around each track of each disk.
Each “Full” servo wedge 14 typically includes a phase lock loop (PLL) field 20, a servo synch mark (SSM) field 22, a track identification (TKID) field 24, a wedge ID field 26 having a binary encoded wedge ID number to identify the wedge, and a group of servo bursts (e.g. ABCD 28—an alternating pattern of magnetic transitions) which the servo control system samples to align the moveable transducer head with or relative to a particular track. In some instances, the servo wedge 14 may only include servo bursts 28 and is referred to as a “Mini-Wedge.” This allows for a smaller servo wedge and allows for more space on the track to be devoted to user data.
Typically, the servo control system moves the transducer head toward a desired track during a coarse “seek” mode using the TKID field as a control input. However, in processing information, it is necessary to ensure consistency in the detection of bits composing a block of bits. One common approach directed to ensuring such consistency employs multiple stored fields including a phase lock loop (PLL) field 20 to facilitate bit synchronization and a synch field to facilitate block synchronization. The synch mark field facilitates block synchronization by holding a special marker that is detected to “frame” data, i.e., to identify a boundary of a block. In contemporary hard disk drives employing embedded servos, it is well known to provide framing of servo data via a servo synch mark (SSM) field 22.
Generally, in hard disk drives, a servo synchronization signal based on the head reading a servo synchronization mark (SSM) results in a read/write channel of the disk drive establishing a precise timing reference point for read/write operations.
Once the transducer head is generally over the desired track, the servo control system uses the servo bursts (e.g. ABCD) 28 to keep the transducer head over the track in a fine “track follow” mode. During track following mode, the moveable transducer head repeatedly reads the wedge ID field 26 of each successive servo wedge 14 to obtain the binary encoded wedge ID number that identifies each wedge of the track. In this way, the servo control system continuously knows where the moveable head is relative to the disk.
In some systems, “Mini-Wedges” only having servo bursts 28 are utilized in addition to the “Full Wedges.” For example, once the servo control system has acquired the requisite information needed for track following from the Full Wedges, track following can be maintained using the Mini-Wedges. Use of Mini-Wedges allows for a smaller servo wedge and for more space on the track to be devoted to user data, but requires more computationally intensive servo control.
In many of today's disk drives, diagnostic and calibration functions are performed with the aid of specialized calibration tracks. As shown in
Turning to
There are many problems associated with the previously described configuration of calibration tracks used in current disk drives. For example, when full wedges are utilized as the calibration servo wedges, the servo control system of the disk drive may accidentally lock onto one of the full calibration servo wedges 29 of one of the calibration tracks 13, instead of one of the full normal wedges 14 of a non-calibration track, resulting in a timing error and possibly causing the disk drive to fail. This is because there is no difference between the servo synch mark (SSM) utilized in the full calibration servo wedges of calibration tracks and the full normal servo wedges of non-calibration tracks. Further, when Mini-Wedges are utilized for the calibration servo wedges, the servo control that needs to be utilized to track along the Mini-Wedges is very computationally intensive.
The present invention relates to a rotating media storage device (RMSD) that has at least one calibration track with unique calibration servo synch marks (SSMcs).
In one aspect, the invention may be regarded as an RMSD including a disk. The disk comprises a plurality of tracks including a calibration track having a plurality of normal servo wedges distributed around the calibration track. At least one of the normal servo wedges includes a normal servo synch mark (SSMN). Further, at least one calibration servo wedge is distributed between a pair of normal servo wedges. The calibration servo wedge includes a calibration servo synch mark (SSMC). Particularly, the calibration SSMC includes a pattern that is different than the pattern associated with the normal SSMN.
In one embodiment, the RMSD may further include a head and a synch mark detection circuit having a normal synch mark detection mode and a calibration servo synch mark detection mode. In the normal synch mark detection mode, the synch mark detection circuit validates a servo synchronization signal based on the head detecting a normal SSMN associated with the normal servo wedge. On the other hand, in the calibration synch mark detection mode, the synch mark detection circuit validates a servo synchronization signal based on the head detecting a calibration SSMC associated with a calibration servo wedge.
In one embodiment, after the detection of a normal calibration SSMN, a servo controller declares a calibration servo synch mark detection mode and sets a time to a next predicted calibration SSMC. Next, after a calibration SSMC is detected, the servo controller declares a hard calibration servo synchronization mode based upon a forecasted pattern of calibration SSMCs. Typically, the detection of a normal SSMN includes decoding an encoded pattern of a normal SSMN, whereas detection of a calibration SSMC includes decoding an encoded pattern of a calibration SSMC.
In one embodiment, each of the calibration servo wedges further includes a track identifier (TKID) field, a wedge identifier field, and a series of servo bursts. In one example, the calibration track may be located at the outer diameter of the disk. The calibration track may also be located at the inner diameter of the disk.
In a further aspect, the invention may be regarded as a method for switching a disk servo control system from a normal servo mode to a calibration servo mode. The normal servo mode is set by setting the servo control system to operate on a normal servo synch mark (SSMN). Tracking occurs on a normal track using the normal SSMN to search for normal servo sectors. A calibration track may then be seeked to. Tracking occurs on the calibration track in the normal servo mode until an on-track condition is declared. Then, the calibration servo mode is set by setting the servo control system to operate on a calibration servo synch mark (SSMC). Next, tracking occurs on the calibration track using the calibration servo synch mark SSMC to search for calibration servo sectors.
In yet another aspect, the invention may be regarded as a computer system including a host computer and an RMSD, in which the RMSD includes a disk having a plurality of tracks including a calibration track that has a plurality of normal servo wedges distributed around the calibration track, wherein at least one of the normal servo wedges includes a normal servo synch mark (SSMN). Further, at least one calibration servo wedge is distributed between a pair of normal servo wedges. The calibration servo wedge includes a calibration servo synch mark (SSMC). Particularly, the calibration SSMC includes a pattern that is different than a pattern associated with the normal SSMNs.
The foregoing and other features of the invention are described in detail in the Detailed Description and are set forth in the appended claims.
In the following description, the various embodiments of the invention will be described in detail. However, such details are included to facilitate understanding of the invention and to describe exemplary embodiments for employing the invention. Such details should not be used to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described because other variations and embodiments are possible while staying within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, although numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the embodiments of the invention. In other instances details such as, well-known methods, types of data, protocols, procedures, components, electrical structures and circuits, are not described in detail, or are shown in block diagram form, in order not to obscure the invention. Moreover, embodiments of the invention will be described in particular embodiments but may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, or a combination thereof.
The HDA 34 comprises: one or more disks 46 for data storage; a spindle motor 50 for rapidly spinning each disk 46 (four shown) on a spindle 48; and an actuator assembly 40 for moving a plurality of heads 64 in unison over each disk 46. The heads 64 are connected to a preamplifier 42 via a cable assembly 65 for reading and writing data on disks 46. Preamplifier 42 is connected to channel circuitry in controller PCBA 32 via read data line 92 and write data line 90.
Controller PCBA 32 comprises a read/write channel 68, servo controller 98, host interface and disk controller HIDC 74, voice coil motor driver VCM 102, spindle motor driver SMD 103, microprocessor 84, and several memory arrays—buffer or cache memory 82, RAM 108, and non-volatile memory 106.
Read/write channel 68 may include a servo synch mark detection circuit 69, which under the control of a program or routine, may execute methods or processes in accordance with certain aspects of the invention to aid in servo synchronization based on the head reading and the synch mark detection circuit detecting both normal servo synch marks (SSMNs) and calibration servo synch marks (SSMCs), as will be discussed. For example, servo synch mark detection circuit 69 may be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other suitable type of circuit. Further, microprocessor 84 may pre-program the servo synch mark detection circuit 69 and/or initialize the servo synch mark detection circuit with initial and operational values to detect normal SSMNs and calibration SSMcs. Although the servo synch mark detection circuit 69 is shown as part of the read/write channel 68, it should be appreciated that it may be located elsewhere in the disk drive 30.
Host initiated operations for reading and writing data in disk drive 30 are executed under control of microprocessor 84 connected to the controllers and memory arrays via a bus 86. Program code executed by microprocessor 84 is stored in non-volatile memory 106 and random access memory RAM 108. Program overlay code stored on reserved tracks of disks 46 may also be loaded into RAM 108 as required for execution.
During disk read and write operations, data transferred by preamplifier 42 is encoded and decoded by read/write channel 68. During read operations, channel 68 decodes data into digital bits transferred on an NRZ bus 96 to HIDC 74. During write operations, HIDC provides digital data over the NRZ bus to channel 68 which encodes the data prior to its transmittal to preamplifier 42. Preferably, channel 68 employs PRML (partial response maximum likelihood) coding techniques, although the invention may be practiced with equal advantage using other coding processes.
HIDC 74 comprises a disk controller 80 for formatting and providing error detection and correction of disk data, a host interface controller 76 for responding to commands from host 36, and a buffer controller 78 for storing data which is transferred between disks 46 and host 36. Collectively the controllers in HIDC 74 provide automated functions which assist microprocessor 84 in controlling disk operations.
A servo controller 98 provides an interface between microprocessor 84 and actuator assembly 40 and spindle motor 50. Microprocessor 84 commands logic in servo controller 98 to position actuator 40 using a VCM driver 102 and to precisely control the rotation of spindle motor 50 with a spindle motor driver 103.
Preferably, disk drive 30 employs a sampled servo system in which equally spaced servo wedge sectors (sometimes termed “servo wedges”) are recorded on each track of each disk 46. Data sectors are recorded in the intervals between servo sectors on each track. Servo sectors are sampled at regular intervals to provide servo position information to microprocessor 84. Servo sectors are received by channel 68, and are processed by servo controller 98 to provide position information to microprocessor 84 via bus 86.
Further, servo controller 98 may include a calibration circuit 99, which under the control of a program or routine, may execute methods or processes in accordance with embodiments of the invention for switching the disk drive servo control system from a normal servo mode to a calibration servo mode, and vise-versa. For example, calibration circuit 99 may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other suitable type of circuit. Further, microprocessor 84 may pre-program the calibration circuit 99 and/or initialize the calibration circuit with initial and operational values.
Particularly, as will be discussed, calibration circuit 99 may include functionality to set a normal servo mode by setting the servo controller 98 to operate on a normal servo synch mark (SSMN) to track on a normal track using normal SSMNs to search for normal servo sectors and then to command the disk drive to seek to a calibration track. After this, the servo controller 98 will track on the calibration track (e.g. an inner or outer diameter track) in the normal servo mode until an on-track condition is declared and then the calibration circuit 99 will set the calibration servo mode by setting the servo controller 98 to operate on a calibration servo synch mark (SSMC) and the servo control system will then track on the calibration track using calibration SSMCs to search for calibration servo sectors.
The calibration mode is often utilized by a disk drive in order to properly diagnose and calibrate the servo control system. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the calibration functionality of the calibration circuit 99 may be implemented with microcode, software, hardware, firmware, combinations thereof, etc.
With reference also to
As is conventional, and as previously discussed, each full servo wedge 422 may include a phase lock loop (PLL) field, a servo synch mark (SSM) field, a track identification (TKID) field, a wedge identifier (ID), and a group of servo bursts that the servo control system samples to align the moveable transducer head with and relative to a particular track. Also, as is conventional, and as previously discussed, many of the servo wedges 424 may only utilize Mini-Wedges, instead of Full Wedges. The Mini-Wedges only include servo bursts, which are sampled by the servo control system to align the moveable transducer head with, and relative to, the particular track. In this way, disk drives may utilize more space in the data regions by using these reduced-spaced mini servo wedges.
Looking now particularly to the outer diameter and inner diameter calibration tracks 419, 421, according to the embodiments of the invention, the calibration tracks 419, 421 have a plurality of normal servo wedges 430 distributed around the calibration track. At least one of these normal servo wedges 430 is a full servo wedge including a normal servo synch mark (SSMN). However, many of the normal servo wedges may be Mini-Wedges, dependent upon design considerations. For example, there may be an alternating pattern of normal full servo wedges 430 having a normal SSMN and normal mini servo wedges (without a normal SSMN) around the calibration track. These configurations can be implemented dependent upon design considerations. However, the calibration track must include at least one normal full servo wedge with a normal SSMN and usually will contain a suitable number of full servo wedges and a suitable number of normal mini servo wedges, as applicable.
Further, as shown in
Of particular importance, each calibration SSMC includes a pattern that is different than a pattern associated with the normal SSMN of the normal servo wedges. This, as will be discussed, allows the servo controller in a calibration servo mode to lock onto these full calibration servo wedges having SSMCs, in an independent fashion from typical normal servo wedges, which have normal servo synch marks SSMNs. It should be appreciated to those skilled in the art than any sort of calibration servo synch mark (SSMC) having a different and distinguishable pattern from another servo synch mark, used as the normal servo synch mark SSMN, may be utilized.
Turning now to
In the normal synch mark detection mode, the synch mark detection circuit 69 validates a servo synchronization signal based on the head 64 reading a valid normal SSMN associated with a normal servo wedge. In response to the valid servo synchronization signal for the normal SSMN the servo controller 98 having calibration microcode 99 (previously discussed) opens up the servo-gate through the read/write channel 68, preamp 42, and head 64, in order to next detect a full calibration servo wedge having a calibration SSMC. Further, the synch mark detection circuit 69 includes a calibration synch mark detection mode, in which the synch mark detection circuit 69 validates a servo synchronization signal based on the head reading a valid calibration SSMC associated with a calibration servo wedge.
Particularly, after the detection of a normal calibration SSMN of a normal servo wedge, the servo controller 98 under the control of calibration program 99 declares a calibration servo synch mark detection mode and sets a time to a next predicted calibration SSMC, such that the opening of the servo-gate is appropriately timed for the detection of the next predicted calibration SSMC. After a calibration SSMC is detected, the servo controller 98 declares a hard calibration servo synchronization mode based upon a forecasted pattern of calibration SSMCs, and associated times between each calibration SSMC, such that the servo-gate openings are properly timed in order to accurately read and detect the calibration SSMCs.
It should be appreciated that the detection of normal SSMNs typically includes the decoding of encoded patterns of the normal SSMNs and, similarly, the detection of calibration SSMcs includes decoding the encoded patterns of the calibration SSMcs. Further, it should be appreciated that the full calibration servo wedges having different patterned calibration SSMCs than normal SSMNs are typically full wedges including a track identifier (TKID) field, a wedge identifier field, and a series of servo bursts.
Turning now to
However, if the servo control system has been commanded to enter into a calibration process, the servo control system commands that the head of the disk drive seek to either an outer diameter or an inner diameter calibration track (step 610). At step 612, once the calibration track has been found, the servo control system tracks on the calibration track in the normal servo mode using normal SSMNs until an on-track condition is declared. Then, at step 614, the calibration servo mode is set by setting the servo control system to operate on calibration SSMCs. The servo control system then tracks on the calibration track using the calibration SSMCs to search for calibration servo sectors (step 616).
As previously discussed, in one embodiment, in order to implement the above-described method, the calibration SSMC includes a pattern that is different than a pattern associated with the normal SSMN. Further, as has been previously described, after the detection of a normal SSMN, a calibration synch mark detection mode is declared and a time to a next predicted calibration SSMC is set. After the calibration SSMC is detected, then a hard calibration servo synchronization mode is declared, in which tracking occurs on the calibration track using calibration SSMCs, based upon a forecasted pattern of calibration SSMCs.
In order to illustrate the previously described calibration process, reference may also be made to
As can be seen in
As shown in
Particularly, as can be seen in
For example, as shown in
Turning now to
Now turning to
Once one or more SSMNs have been detected, an on-track condition is declared and the servo-gate will open as represented by pulses 815 separated by pre-determined timing interval T in a hard servo synchronization mode in order to detect upcoming normal servo wedges (full or mini). After a predetermined number of normal servo wedges are detected, the servo control system may switch to the calibration servo mode.
As previously discussed, the calibration servo mode is initiated by setting the servo control system to operate on calibration servo synch marks (SSMCs). More particularly, as previously discussed, a time is set to a next predicted calibration SSMC. In this case, as shown in
Particularly, pulses 825 shown in timing diagram 820, illustrate the servo-gate opening to read the calibration SSMC for each full calibration servo wedge at intervals of T/3 in order to implement the calibration servo mode. Thus, at every T/3 interval, the servo-gate opens (pulse 825) to read the SSMC of the next predicted calibration servo wedge.
By utilizing full calibration servo wedges having their own independent calibration servo synch mark SSMC that utilizes a different pattern than the normal servo synch marks SSMNs, the calibration servo wedges are independent from the normal servo wedges and are less likely to be confused with the normal servo synch marks SSMNs. Further, by utilizing full calibration servo wedges having their own calibration servo synch mark SSMC, the implementation logic required to implement the calibration servo mode is much simpler than if Mini-Wedges are utilized, which would require a more complex methodology to track the Mini-Wedges.
The methods and structures previously discussed can be employed for disk drives with an embedded servo system. However, numerous alternatives for RMSDs with similar or other media format characteristics can be employed by those skilled in the art to use the invention with equal advantage to implement these techniques. Further, although embodiments have been described in the context of a disk drive with embedded servo sectors, the invention can be employed in many different types of RMSDs having a head actuator that scans the media.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6429994 | Le et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
