Patent Grant
7445532
The invention relates generally to propulsion systems including more particularly to a safe efficient outboard motor assembly that can be used with watercraft.
Conventionally, certain watercraft use outboard motor assembly 100 to provide propulsion for the watercraft. The propellers of conventional outboard motor assemblies suffer from a number of disadvantages. The exposed rotating blade presents a danger to native aquatic life and to people. For example, if a person falls off the bow of a moving watercraft, the person may be dragged under the watercraft into the path of the rotating propeller 102. While there have been attempts at creating guards that encompass the propeller, such guard/propeller assemblies have typically resulted in an undesirable decrease in performance.
In addition, cavitation caused by the spinning propeller of conventional outboard motor assemblies creates inefficiencies that can result in less thrust being produced than is optimal. At certain propeller speeds, the created cavitation results in a forward speed limit, beyond which creating additional thrust is impracticable since it does not result in any meaningful improvement in the speed of the craft.
The present invention addresses the above and other problems.
The present invention includes several novel aspects all of are described herein. One embodiment of and aspect of the present invention preferably includes a drive assembly, a shaft assembly, and an impeller-jet assembly coupled to the shaft assembly. A preferred impeller-jet assembly preferably includes an inlet stator, an exit stator, an impeller, and an external housing surrounding the stators and the impeller. The blades of the impeller are not exposed to human and marine life, resulting in a safer means of propelling a watercraft. The inlet stator preferably includes a plurality of blades shaped to direct the flow of water into an optimum direction for the impeller. In one embodiment, the inlet stator is shaped to impart a whirl in the direction of the rotation of the prop. The exit stator also preferably contains a plurality of blades shaped to direct that water from the impeller in an approximately axial direction. Each of the blades is tapered such that the trailing edge of each blade is thicker than the leading edge of each blade.
In one embodiment, the external housing is preferably tapered at the exit stator, such that the radial width of the annular nozzle flow passage decreases in the radial direction as the water travels from the nozzle inlet to its exit.
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the following illustrative figures, which may not be to scale. In the following figures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth that provide a thorough understanding of aspects and embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, that all of these specific details may not be required to practice the inventions set forth in the claims and that variants of the details can be substituted for many of the specifics to meet the details of the specific application in which the invention may be used.
In the following description of the preferred embodiments, substantially similar parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Also, while references such as top, bottom, side, horizontal, and vertical may be used throughout the specification, it is to be understood that their orientation requirements are only to facilitate the explanation of the various embodiments and depending on the application, the top could be the side or bottom or vice versa.
With reference to
With reference to
Impeller-jet assembly 210 is preferably rotatably coupled to the drive shaft 308 in a conventional manner. The stationary portions of the impeller-jet assembly 210 can be connected to the shaft housing 206 by a variety of different means. In the illustrated embodiment, bolt holes 232 and 234, located on inlet stator 208, accept fasteners that allow assembly 200 to be securely attached to the connecting shaft housing portion of the shaft housing. Such fasteners may be any of a variety of different fasteners, such as bolts being used in conjunction with washers and nuts. Alternatively, impeller-jet assembly 200 may be permanently attached to the connecting shaft housing by welding or other method.
In the preferred embodiment, inlet stator 208 supports an external housing 202. External housing 202 may be constructed from a variety of different materials. In one preferred embodiment, external housing 202 is constructed from PVC pipe. External housing 202 may comprise a single piece of PVC pipe. In another embodiment, external housing 202 comprises two separate pieces of PVC that are joined together at a lap joint 240. The use of two separate pieces of PVC allows one to remove one of the pieces of PVC to facilitate maintenance of assembly 210. Lap joint 240 may be secured by one of a variety of different manners, such as by screws or bolts.
As shown in
Inlet stator 208, in conjunction with external housing 202, serves to protect people and marine life from impeller 206, which rotates at a high rate of speed. In addition, inlet stator 208 can be configured to direct the flow of water in a particular direction. It may be desirable to direct the incoming flow in the direction of rotation as impeller 206 or otherwise prevent a twist in the incoming water flow. In one embodiment, inlet stator 208 contains 16 blades. In one embodiment, if impeller 206 has an odd number of blades, it is preferable for inlet stator 208 and exit stator 212 to have an even number of blades. Similarly, if impeller 206 has an even number of blades, it is preferable for inlet stator 208 and exit stator 212 to each have an odd number of blades. Such a configuration results in a reduction in mutual interference.
A hub 220 supports impeller 206. Hub 220 serves to couple the drive shaft 308 to the impeller 206. The internal combustion engine 201 causes the drive shaft to rotate, in turn causing impeller 206 to rotate, which provides thrust to the watercraft.
Impeller 206 may be any type of impeller known in the art. However, impeller 206 preferably has certain characteristics may result in a more efficient assembly when used in an embodiment of the present invention. For example, when an impeller is enclosed in an embodiment of the present invention, it is more desirable to have an impeller with more blades.
The pitch of an impeller is defined as the distance that the impeller would move in one revolution if it were moving through a soft solid. The pitch may be calculated as follows:
Pitch=π*D*tan(φ),
where D is the diameter of the impeller and φ is the impeller section blade tip angle with the tangential direction. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pitch is relatively high in comparison to impellers and propellers of conventional outboard motor assemblies. In one embodiment, the ratio of the pitch to the diameter of impeller 206 is approximately between 2 and 5.
In an embodiment of the present invention, impeller 206 may also have a high solidity. Solidity is defined as the axially projected blade area as a fraction of the impeller's swept disc. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solidity of impeller 206 may range from 75% to over 100%. In addition, impeller 206 preferably has a ratio of hub diameter to tip diameter of between 40 and 60%.
An exit stator 212 is coupled to external housing 202. Exit stator 212 serves several different purposes. Exit stator 212 serves to straighten the flow of water from the impeller 206. In conventional outboard motor assemblies with an exposed propeller, the propeller twists the flow of water as the propeller rotates. Such a twist creates inefficiencies because the force generated by the propeller is not parallel to the axis of the propeller. Exit stator 212 preferably contains multiple blades that serve to remove the twist, such that the flow is in the axial direction, creating a more efficient flow of fluid. The blades of the exit stator 212 may be tapered, such that each blade is thicker at the trailing edge than at the leading edge. This creates a circular array of separate nozzles with gaps between them sufficiently wide to allow the passage of air from the surface to the region inside the circle to ventilate the base area so that little or no drag from a possible underpressure occurs here.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exit nozzles 216 formed by the exit stator 212 are tapered—the nozzle reduces in width from the entrance to the exit. One such configuration is shown in
In another preferred embodiment, there is a reed valve 214 located within one or more of the exit nozzles 216. In one embodiment, the reed valves 214 are located in the exit nozzles 216, 217, 218, and 219. The reed valve 214 is shaped such that, at high flow rates, the reed valve 214 automatically rotates about a pivot 215, closing under the higher pressure, closing the exit nozzle and further reducing the exit flow cross section, suppressing cavitation and limiting the effect of cavitation on performance.
In an embodiment of the present invention the water jet formed by exit stator 212 is annular. Such a ring-shaped water jet may result in a vacuum being formed in the center of the water jet, reducing the thrust being produced.
To address this, preferably exhaust gases from the engine are ventilated through hub 220 in an embodiment of the present invention. A vent 230 extends the length of assembly 210, from hub 220 to an exit near exit stator 212. Exhaust gases are ventilated through vent 230 into the water. The ventilation of exhaust gases is at or near ambient pressure (approximately one atmosphere). By ventilating the exhaust gases adjacent to exit stator 212, the base drag on the circular area inside the annular nozzle closure of reed valves 214 is minimized.
An O-ring 270 couples inlet stator 208 and impeller 206. O-ring 270 serves to prevent exhaust gases from leaking from vent 230 to impeller 206. O-ring 270 also prevents water from flowing from inlet stator 208 and impeller 206 to vent 230. O-ring 270 allows impeller 206 to float within inlet stator 208, such that impeller 206 can move independently from inlet stator 208.
A washer 252 couples the inner boundary surface 250 of exit stator 212 to the impeller 206. Washer 252 directs water from the impeller 206 to the exit stator 212. In such a manner, the flow leakage from the clearance between the inner boundary surface 250 and the impeller 206 is minimized.
A washer 252 may be configured out of a variety of different materials. For example, the washer 252 may be constructed from rubber or plastic. The washer 252 may be securely attached to either the inner boundary surface 250 or the impeller 206. In another embodiment, the washer 252 floats and is not attached to any surface. The force of the flow from the impeller 206 forces the washer 252 against the inner boundary surface 250. When the engine is used in a reverse mode, the flow of water may force the washer 252 in the opposite direction—towards the impeller 206. To prevent the washer 252 from interfering with the impeller 206, a stopper 254 may be secured to the impeller 206 to prevent the washer 252 from moving towards the impeller 206. The stopper 254 may be formed in a variety of different manners. In one embodiment, the stopper 254 is welded directly to the impeller 206.
In an alternative embodiment, an external duct can direct the gases through the wall of the cylindrical propulsion jet to alleviate any vacuum which might form due to the jet pump effect of the annular jet. With reference to
Air supply duct 502 may be positioned and secured in a variety of different manners. In one embodiment, air supply duct 502 is coupled to an outboard motor assembly via a holder 510 such that exit 504 is positioned adjacent to assembly 210. Holder 510 may be one of a variety of different configurations. For example, holder 510 may be constructed out of a corrosion resistant metal, attached to both air supply duct 502 and the outboard motor. Air supply duct 502 may be coupled to the holder 510 through the use of screws, rivets, or any other fastener now known and developed in the future.
Thus, the base drag on the circular area inside the annular nozzle is eliminated.
There are several advantages of this embodiment of the present invention. impeller-jet assembly 210 is more efficient than conventional outboard motor assemblies. For example, a 13-inch diameter propeller in a conventional outboard motor assembly can be replaced by an impeller-jet assembly 210 with diameter of 8 inches. Thus, a smaller assembly can be used while still achieving the same performance, resulting in a space savings. In addition, unlike jet drive units used in personal watercraft, an impeller-jet assembly 210 can be easily retrofitted into an existing watercraft.
The present invention has been described above with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, changes and modifications may be made to the preferred embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, while the apparatus was described as being for use with outboard motor assemblies, it should be understood that the apparatus can be used in systems where the watercraft's engine is inboard. Moreover, no element is essential to the practice of the invention unless specifically described herein as “critical” or “essential.” These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, as expressed in the following claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 11/129,113, filed May 13, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,264,519.
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|---|---|---|---|
| 4182118 | Chronic | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4789306 | Vorus et al. | Dec 1988 | A |
| 5393197 | Lemont et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5769674 | Stallman | Jun 1998 | A |
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| 20030036319 | Burg | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20070249242 A1 | Oct 2007 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11129113 | May 2005 | US |
| Child | 11771170 | US |
