The invention relates to a safety clamping and/or safety braking device for machine elements, comprising at least two clamping elements each having a slave piston that triggers the clamping and/or braking action and an actuator system for generating a force that is transmitted to the slave pistons.
Clamping and/or braking devices are used in a wide variety of designs and in various fields of use. Linear clamping or braking systems are used similarly both when precisely fixing tools or workpieces to a linear rail and when protecting against undesired falling or sliding along such a rail. Said systems are also used for emergency braking of rapidly rotating machine shafts or disc brakes.
In order to transmit force from an external control system of the clamping and/or braking device to the element to be either braked or clamped, in such devices an electromagnetic, pneumatic or hydraulic actuator system can be used, in which a master piston is first actuated. The braking or clamping force is transmitted from said master piston to a slave piston, which in turn can act on the force output side, for example directly on the element to be either braked or clamped. In braking systems, in view of the friction and the like that needs to be taken into consideration, a brake block is generally also switched between the slave piston and the element to be braked. The slave piston therefore triggers both the braking and the clamping action in both cases.
In this case, a distinction is in principle made between active clamping or braking systems, in which the braking force is actively induced from the outside when braking, and passive clamping or braking systems, in which the clamping or braking system is closed when in the idle state and can only be opened by the application of force. In this latter case, a compression spring is usually pre-tensioned, which spring is released when braking and therefore transmits the force stored in the spring to the brake piston. Depending on the field of use and prescribed safety conditions, an active or passive clamping or braking system is therefore utilised. Existing clamping or braking systems are disadvantageous in that the maximum achievable braking force of the passive clamping or braking system is restricted either by the spring and the maximum amount of pre-tensioning made possible by said spring, or by the force of the actuator system that can be supplied from the outside. However, when higher safety requirements are placed on the clamping or braking system, this may, in some circumstances, be insufficient or may only be achieved by using high amounts of energy or correspondingly large actuator systems.
Therefore, the object of the invention is to provide a safety clamping and/or safety braking device for machine elements of the above-mentioned type, which device can meet the highest safety requirements and standards despite its particularly energy-efficient and compact design.
This object is achieved according to the invention by the actuator system being formed as a double-actuator system,
In this case, the invention proceeds from the consideration that, in order to fulfil safety requirements and standards, the clamping or braking force, and the reaction time until the complete clamping or braking action occurs, are of particular relevance. In order to fulfil both criteria, the force of the actuator system, which acts on the slave pistons and slides them towards the element to be braked, is particularly important. Therefore, for a design that is as energy-efficient and compact as possible, not only is the clamping or braking force divided among a plurality of slave pistons, but the actuator system is also formed as a double-actuator system. By dividing said force among a plurality of actuators, the overall actuator stroke required can be reduced. This means that the actuator stroke can be halved in the double actuator, so that the actuators can be operated during the starting phase using significantly lower amounts of energy and can therefore also be more compact. It has in particular been found that, during the starting phase that is essential for clamping and braking elements, the starting current required increases disproportionately to the starting stroke. By designing the actuator system as a double-actuator, the magnetic force generated can be divided between two actuator systems, and therefore less energy has to be expended overall for the two actuator systems.
In a preferred embodiment, the clamping elements are formed as passive clamping elements. This means that a force has to be applied to the clamping elements in order to hold the clamping elements in an open position, i.e. in a position in which the braking elements are not in frictional contact with the component to be braked. This leads to emergency clamping or braking also being possible or in particular being triggered when the energy supply to the system is cut off.
In an advantageous embodiment, a lever system is provided to transmit the force generated by the actuators to the slave pistons of the clamping elements. Depending on the design of the individual lever or the position of the pivot shaft, the force can be additionally amplified by means of the lever system. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the energy required for the actuators.
In order to achieve a particularly simple design and to reduce the number of external connections, in a particularly preferred embodiment an electromagnetic double-actuator system is used. In this case, clamping magnets and/or pot magnets are particularly advantageous. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the actuator system comprises pneumatic and/or hydraulic cylinders which produce the force that acts on the slave pistons.
In an advantageous embodiment, an additional booster chamber is used in the case of the pneumatic and/or hydraulic cylinders, in order to also accelerate the cylinders when braking so as to further increase the braking action and decrease the reaction time.
The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that, by using a double-actuator system having electromagnetic actuators, significantly lower input voltages can be used. In this case, low voltages, for example 24 V connections, can be utilised, while still complying with safety requirements and norms. The use of low voltages not only leads to a reduction in the energy required and therefore to cost savings during continuous operation of the clamping or braking device, but also to the fact that health and safety at work guidelines can be met more easily, since the system is not operated at high voltages and the component part does not get noticeably hot.
A particularly compact design is also made possible when using a pneumatic and/or hydraulic actuation system by dividing the force between two actuators, since the individual actuators can be smaller.
One embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which:
Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all the figures.
The clamping or braking device 1 according to
The force acting on the slave pistons 4a, 4b for opening the clamping or braking device 1 is generated by means of a double-actuator system 10. In the embodiment according to
In contrast to the embodiment according to
In the clamping or braking device according to
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2014 208 107.6 | Apr 2014 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2015/059379 | 4/29/2015 | WO | 00 |