Patent Grant
10641746
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2016 109 906.6, filed May 30, 2016, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to injectors, a sample separation apparatus, and methods of injecting a fluidic sample.
In liquid chromatography, a fluidic sample and an eluent (liquid mobile phase) may be pumped through conduits and a separation unit such as a column in which separation of sample components takes place. The column may comprise a material which is capable of separating different components of the fluidic sample. The separation unit may be connected to other fluidic members (like a sampler or an injector, a detector) by conduits. Before the fluidic sample is introduced into a separation path between a fluid drive unit (in particular a high pressure pump) and the separation unit, a predefined amount of fluidic sample shall be intaken from a sample source (such as a sample container) via an injection needle into a sample loop by a corresponding movement of a piston within a metering device. This usually occurs in the presence of a significantly smaller pressure than what the separation unit is run with. Thereafter, an injector valve is switched so as to introduce the intaken amount of fluidic sample from the sample loop of a metering path into the separation path between fluid drive unit and the separation unit for subsequent separation.
Injector valves may be configured as rotatable valves having a stator (which may have one or a plurality of fluid ports) and a rotor (which may have a plurality of grooves for connecting respective ones of the fluid ports) being rotatable with regard to the stator to thereby establish a desired fluid communication state between fluid ports and grooves. In order to be capable to withstand high pressure values of for instance up to 1200 bar in a fluid tight manner, it is necessary to press the rotor against the stator.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,994 discloses a high pressure sample injector for liquid chromatographs. The apparatus includes a structure defining a cylindrical dispensing chamber for receiving the sample to be injected into the flow path of a high pressure stream of carrier fluid in a liquid chromatograph. Control structure is interposed between the dispensing chamber and the flow path of the carrier stream for preventing liquid flow from the carrier stream to the dispensing chamber, and for enabling flow in the opposite direction only when the pressure in the dispensing chamber at least equals the carrier stream pressure. A pressurizing apparatus is connected to the dispensing chamber to raise its pressure, when desired, to a value at least equal to that of the carrier stream, in order that the sample may be injected into the carrier without reducing the carrier stream pressure.
US 2015/0226710 discloses a method for feeding a sample into an analysis branch of a liquid chromatography system. A solvent or a solvent mixture from at least one solvent branch is supplied as first volume flow into the analysis branch. At least one sample from at least one sample branch is fed as second volume flow into the analysis branch within a predetermined time interval. The volume flow is reduced to an extent during the predetermined time interval, and a third volume flow resulting from the sum of the volume flows remains substantially constant in the analysis branch.
US 2016/0069844 discloses a method and a system for injecting a sample into a flow of a liquid chromatography system. The method includes combining a flow of a sample and a flow of a mobile phase to create a diluted sample in the system flow. The volumetric flow rate of the sample is controlled to be at a value that yields a desired dilution ratio for the diluted sample. The particular value at which the volumetric flow rate is maintained can be determined from the desired value of the dilution ratio and the volumetric flow rate of the mobile phase. System embodiments include a syringe that can be used to provide a sample solution at a controllable volumetric flow rate for combination with a high pressure mobile phase.
However, the functionality of conventional injectors is limited.
It is an object of the invention to provide a flexibly operable injector.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an injector (which may also be denoted as sampler) for injecting a fluidic sample (wherein a fluid may be a liquid and/or a gas, optionally comprising solid particles) into a flow path between a fluid drive (which may also be denoted as a mobile phase drive and which may be configured as a high pressure pump) and a separation unit (such as a chromatographic separation column) of a sample separation apparatus (for instance a liquid chromatography apparatus) is provided, wherein the injector comprises a sample accommodation volume (such as a sample loop) for accommodating the fluidic sample prior to injecting, a sample drive (such as a metering pump, for instance a syringe pump) configured for intaking the fluidic sample into the sample accommodation volume, a fluidic valve (in particular a rotor valve comprising a stator, having at least fluidic ports and optionally fluidic conduits, and a rotor, having fluidic conduits, being rotatable relative to one another) switchable between multiple switching states to thereby selectively couple (i.e. fluidically couple) the sample accommodation volume with the flow path or decouple (i.e. fluidically decouple) the sample accommodation volume from the flow path, wherein in an injection switching state of the fluidic valve, a fluidic coupling may be established between the fluid drive, the separation unit and the sample drive by the fluidic valve so that fluid (such as the fluidic sample) driven by the sample drive and flowing from the sample accommodation volume to the separation unit and further fluid (such as a mobile phase) driven by the fluid drive and flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit are combined at a fluidic connection (such as a fluidic T-piece or any other fluidic bifurcation or network) upstream of the separation unit, and a control unit (such as a processor, for instance a microprocessor or a CPU, central processing unit) configured for controlling (in particular adjusting) a pressure of at least one of the group consisting of the fluid driven by the sample drive, the further fluid driven by the fluid drive, and the combined fluid (i.e. the mixture of the fluid driven by the sample drive and the further fluid driven by the fluid drive) during injecting fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume into the flow path.
According to another exemplary embodiment, an injector for injecting a fluidic sample into a flow path between a fluid drive and a separation unit of a sample separation apparatus is provided, wherein the injector comprises a sample accommodation volume for accommodating the fluidic sample prior to injecting, a sample drive configured for intaking the fluidic sample into the sample accommodation volume, and a fluidic valve switchable between multiple switching states to thereby selectively couple the sample accommodation volume with the flow path or decouple the sample accommodation volume from the flow path, wherein in an injection switching state of the fluidic valve, the fluid drive, the separation unit and the sample drive are fluidically coupled at a fluidic coupling point which is defined by a fluid port of the fluidic valve (for instance a valve-internal flow coupler) so that fluid driven by the sample drive and flowing from the sample accommodation volume to the separation unit and further fluid driven by the fluid drive and flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit are combined at the fluidic coupling point upstream of the separation unit (wherein the combined fluid may flow together towards the separation unit).
According to still another exemplary embodiment, an injector for injecting a fluidic sample into a flow path between a fluid drive and a separation unit of a sample separation apparatus is provided, wherein the injector comprises a sample accommodation volume for accommodating the fluidic sample prior to injecting, a sample drive configured for intaking the fluidic sample into the sample accommodation volume, and a fluidic valve switchable between multiple switching states to thereby selectively couple the sample accommodation volume with the flow path or decouple the sample accommodation volume from the flow path, wherein in an injection switching state of the fluidic valve, the fluid drive, the separation unit and the sample drive are fluidically coupled by the fluidic valve so that fluid driven by the sample drive and flowing from the sample accommodation volume to the separation unit and further fluid driven by the fluid drive and flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit are combined at a fluidic connection upstream of the separation unit, wherein the fluidic valve is configured to be switchable in another (in particular in an additional or an alternative, in terms of the analysis of a certain fluidic sample) injection switching state in which the fluidic sample is injected towards the separation unit driven by the fluid drive while the sample accommodation volume is located downstream of the fluid drive and upstream of the separation unit (in particular, a flow of fluid may be established in the described other injection switching state from the fluid drive, through the fluidic valve, the sample drive, the sample accommodation volume, again the fluidic valve and towards the separation unit; a fluidic connection configured as a fluidic T-piece or the like, as described above, may be omitted in the other injection switching state).
According to still another exemplary embodiment, a method of injecting a fluidic sample into a flow path between a fluid drive and a separation unit of a sample separation apparatus is provided, wherein the method comprises intaking fluidic sample in a sample accommodation volume of an injector, switching a fluidic valve of the injector into an injection switching state in which the fluidic valve fluidically couples the fluid drive, the sample drive and the separation unit so that fluid driven by the sample drive and flowing from the sample accommodation volume to the separation unit and further fluid driven by the fluid drive and flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit are combined at a fluidic connection upstream of the separation unit to thereby inject the fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume in the flow path in the injection switching state, and controlling a pressure of at least one of the group consisting of the fluid driven by the sample drive, the further fluid driven by the fluid drive, and the combined fluid (in particular controlling the pressure at the fluidic connection between the fluid drive, the sample drive and the separation unit) during the injecting.
According to still another exemplary embodiment, a method of injecting a fluidic sample into a flow path between a fluid drive and a separation unit of a sample separation apparatus is provided, wherein the method comprises intaking fluidic sample in a sample accommodation volume of an injector, switching a fluidic valve of the injector into an injection switching state in which the fluidic valve fluidically couples the fluid drive, the sample drive and the separation unit at a fluidic coupling point which is defined by a fluid port of (in particular a fluid port within) the fluidic valve so that fluid driven by the sample drive and flowing from the sample accommodation volume to the separation unit and further fluid driven by the fluid drive and flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit are combined at the fluidic coupling point upstream of the separation unit, whereby the fluidic sample is injected from the sample accommodation volume into the flow path in the injection switching state.
According to still another exemplary embodiment, a method of injecting a fluidic sample into a flow path between a fluid drive and a separation unit of a sample separation apparatus is provided, wherein the method comprises intaking fluidic sample in a sample accommodation volume of an injector, switching a fluidic valve of the injector into an injection switching state in which the fluidic valve fluidically couples the fluid drive, the sample drive and the separation unit, injecting the fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume in the flow path in the injection switching state so that fluid driven by the sample drive and flowing from the sample accommodation volume to the separation unit and further fluid driven by the fluid drive and flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit are combined at a fluidic connection upstream of the separation unit, and (in particular previously, subsequently or alternatively) switching the fluidic valve in another injection switching state in which the fluidic sample is injected towards the separation unit driven by the fluid drive while the sample accommodation volume (and optionally also the sample drive) is located downstream of the fluid drive and upstream of the separation unit.
According to still another exemplary embodiment, a sample separation apparatus for separating a fluidic sample is provided, wherein the sample separation apparatus comprises a fluid drive configured for driving a mobile phase, a separation unit configured for separating the fluidic sample in the mobile phase, and an injector having the above-mentioned features for injecting the fluidic sample into a flow path between the fluid drive and the separation unit.
According to a first aspect of an exemplary embodiment, an injector architecture is provided in which the fluid drive, the separation unit and the sample drive are fluidically coupled by the fluidic valve in an injection switching state for instance in a sort of a fluidic T-connection with a provision for controlling the pressure of one or more of the at least three involved fluid streams, in particular at or around this fluidic connection. The capability of pressure control during injection with a simultaneous fluidic coupling of separation unit with both fluid drive (also denoted as mobile phase drive) and sample drive (arranged as a part of an injector) allows for a reproducible and precise sample injection procedure. By such an additional flow rate control, it may be also possible to precisely control the fluidic contributions of fluid flowing from the fluid drive to the separation unit and flowing from the sample drive to the separation unit and being combined at the flow combiner or fluidic connection. Pressure adjustment allows for a particular simple, straightforward and error robust system control.
According to a second aspect of an exemplary embodiment, a fluidic coupling point between a fluid drive, a separation unit, and a sample drive may be defined functionally by or even spatially in an interior of a fluidic valve, in particular in a stator of the fluidic valve. In other words, the fluidic connection or flow combiner may be structurally integrated into the fluidic valve and may be constituted by a mutual cooperation between ports and fluid conduits of such a fluidic valve. In such a switchable fluidic valve, the mentioned fluidic T-connection or the like may be established only in a particular switching state (in particular in an injection switching state), whereas the fluidic T-connection or the like may be removed, deactivated or eliminated by switching the fluidic valve into another switching state than the injection switching state. Thus, the flexibility of a user to establish different fluidic configurations by only a single fluidic valve is significantly increased. By defining the fluidic connection or bifurcation point of the fluidic T-piece by a static fluidic port (rather than outside of the fluidic valve or in a fluidic conduit thereof) and hence as part of the stator of the fluidic valve, a precisely defined and reproducible fluidic connection may be established while simultaneously obtaining a very small dead volume.
According to a third aspect of an exemplary embodiment, a fluidic valve in an injector is provided which is capable of flexibly switching between at least two different injection modes (assigned to two different injection switching states of the fluidic valve) of injecting a fluidic sample in a flow path towards a separation unit. In a first injection mode corresponding to an injection switching state of the fluidic valve, a fluidic T-connection or the like may be established between the fluid drive, the sample drive and the separation unit, so that a definable (for instance by pressure adjustment) mixture between mobile phase pumped by the fluid drive and fluidic sample pumped by the sample drive may be transported towards the separation unit. However, in a second injection mode corresponding to a further injection switching state of the fluidic valve, a mobile phase may be pumped by the fluid drive through the sample drive and the sample accommodation volume, thereby pumping the fluidic sample towards the separation unit. In this embodiment, it is possible that the pure fluidic sample may be transported to the separation unit. The mobile phase serves for transporting a packet of the fluidic sample in this other injection mode without noteworthy mixture. Alternatively, it is possible that a predefined mixture between fluidic sample and mobile phase is transported to and separated by the separation unit. This opportunity to select between different injection modes set by the same fluidic valve with different characteristics in terms of sample separation furthermore extends the flexibility of a user to adjust the injection procedure to the requirements of a specific application, while a high degree of compactness of the injector may be maintained.
In the following, further embodiments of the injectors, the sample separation apparatus, and the methods will be explained.
It should be mentioned that the features of “a control unit configured for controlling a pressure of at least one of the group consisting of the fluid driven by the sample drive, the further fluid driven by the fluid drive, and the combined fluid during injecting fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume into the flow path” and/or “a fluidic coupling point which is defined by the fluidic valve” and/or “wherein the fluidic valve is configured to be switchable in another injection switching state in which the fluidic sample is injected towards the separation unit driven by the fluid drive while the sample accommodation volume is located downstream of the fluid drive and upstream of the separation unit” may be freely combined (i.e. all combinations of two or three of these features are possible implementations of the injectors, the methods, and the sample separation apparatus according to exemplary embodiments of the invention).
In an embodiment, the fluidic connection or flow coupler is configured as a fluidic T-piece, a fluidic Y-piece, or a fluidic X-piece, In case of a fluidic T-piece and a fluidic Y-piece, two flow streams are combined at one bifurcation point into a single outlet path. In the case of a fluidic X-piece, there may be one further fluid conduit. This further fluid conduit can be a second fluid outlet conduit or a third fluid inlet conduit. Other kinds of flow couplers are possible as well.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured for controlling the pressure at or around the fluidic connection during injection. Therefore, injection can be performed reliably with a given or desired pressure regime. This increases reproducibility of a sample separation procedure. Additionally or alternatively, the pressure may also be controlled, during injection, in the fluidic path connecting the sample drive with the fluidic connection, in the fluidic path connecting the fluid drive with the fluidic connection, and/or in the fluidic path connecting the fluidic connection with the separation unit.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured to keep the pressure at the fluidic connection constant during injection. Thus, the fluid pumped towards and subsequently through the separation unit may be provided with constant pressure over time. This allows for a reproducible sample separation. Additionally or alternatively, the pressure may also be kept constant, during injection, in the fluidic path connecting the sample drive with the fluidic connection, in the fluidic path connecting the fluid drive with the fluidic connection, and/or in the fluidic path connecting the fluidic connection with the separation unit.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured for synchronizing operation of the fluid drive and the sample drive for controlling the pressure. Thus, the control unit may control both the fluid drive and the sample drive. The operation of the fluid drive and the sample drive may hence be coordinated by a common control unit. In particular, the control unit may control a first pressure with which the fluid drive pumps mobile phase. Furthermore, the control unit may control a second pressure with which the sample drive pumps fluidic sample. By individually controlling a first flow rate in the flow path and a second flow rate assigned to the sample accommodation volume, also the mixing ratio of mobile phase and fluidic sample at the fluidic connection may be precisely and flexibly adjusted.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured for adjusting a mixing ratio between mobile phase driven by the fluid drive and fluidic sample driven by the sample drive driven towards the separation unit at the fluidic connection. This for instance allows to obtain a predefined dilution of the fluidic sample with mobile phase, if desired or required for a certain application. For instance, dilution of a fluidic sample in a strong solvent (which may be desired for storage purposes) with a mobile phase configured as weaker solvent may be accomplished upstream of the separation unit and may result in a spatial concentration of the adsorption of the fluidic sample directly at an inlet of the separation unit. This increases the separation efficiency.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured for adjusting at least one of an outlet pressure value and an outlet flow rate value according to which the mixture between mobile phase and fluidic sample is driven through the separation unit. For example, the control unit may control the fluid drive and the sample drive so that a predefined or target outlet pressure value/target flow rate value is obtained during operation. For instance, the injector or the sample separation apparatus may be controlled by the control unit in such a way, that a predefined pressure of the mixed or combined fluid flowing into a separation unit is obtained. Alternatively, a predefined outlet flow rate (in particular an outlet volumetric flow rate, i.e. transported fluid volume per time) may be adjusted. Thus, not only the relative contribution between fluidic sample and mobile phase may be adjusted, but—additionally or alternatively—also the total amount per time may be adjusted in accordance with user preferences or by automatic control. Moreover, it is possible to adjust an individual flow rate value of one of the two fluidic paths upstream of the fluidic connection, i.e. in the fluidic path operated by the fluid drive and in the fluidic path operated by the sample drive. The described pressure and/or flow rate control allows to obtain a more flexibly operable sample separation apparatus.
More particularly, the control unit may be configured for adjusting additionally a predefined mixing ratio between mobile phase transported by the fluid drive and fluidic sample transported by the sample drive. For example, the control unit may control the fluid drive and the sample drive so that the actually obtained mixing ratio equals a predefined or target mixing ratio. This may be accomplished by adjusting a volume over time displacement characteristic of a respective piston of the sample drive and/or of the fluid drive. The control unit may then drive the fluid drive and the sample drive in such a manner that the target mixing ratio is obtained. This provides the user and the sample separation apparatus with a remarkably high degree of flexibility and accuracy of the fluid transport characteristics of the sample separation apparatus.
In an embodiment, the fluidic coupling point is located at least partially in an interior of the fluidic valve, in particular between a stator and a rotor (compare for example
In an embodiment, the fluidic valve is a rotatable fluidic valve having a rotor and a stator being rotatable relative to one another so as to bring different fluid ports of the stator (which may optionally also have one or more fluid conduits) in alignment with one or more respective fluidic conduits in the rotor. The stator may have a plurality of fluidic ports each of which being connected to a capillary or fluidic component of the sample separation apparatus. The rotor may have one or a plurality of fluidic conduits such as grooves which may be selectively fluidically coupled or decoupled between respective ones of the fluidic ports by rotating the rotor relative to the stator. Alternatively, a longitudinally switchable fluidic valve may be implemented.
In an embodiment, the fluidic coupling point is at least partially defined by one fluid port being fluidically coupled to one fluid conduit at a central position (i.e. at any position between its ends) of this fluid conduit in the injection switching state, wherein the fluid port is further fluidically connected to a capillary guiding towards the separation unit (compare for example reference numeral 108 in
In an embodiment, the fluidic valve is an active fluidic valve being switchable under control of the control unit of the injector. Switching of the fluidic valve may be triggered by the same control unit which also coordinates pumping of the fluid drive and/or the sample drive, to obtain a compact and properly coordinated arrangement.
In an embodiment, the injector comprises a control unit configured for controlling switching of the fluidic valve so as to select one of:
a feed injection mode in which the fluidic sample is injected in the injection switching state (see
a flow-through mode in which the fluidic sample is injected in the other injection switching state (see
In the feed injection mode, the fluidic connection between fluid drive and separation unit may be maintained while injecting the fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume driven by the sample drive towards the separation unit. In the flow-through mode, the fluid drive may drive the fluidic sample for injecting the fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume towards the separation unit. The adjustability of the feed injection mode or the flow-through mode merely by switching of a single fluidic valve into one or another switching state combines a compact configuration with a high degree of functionality and flexibility.
In an embodiment, the fluid drive and the sample drive are controllable for injecting a predefined fluidic sample-mobile phase mixture by mixing, at the fluidic connection, the fluidic sample driven by the sample drive and a mobile phase driven by the fluid drive with a predefined mixing ratio. This allows for a defined dilution of the fluidic sample upon injection, if desired.
In an embodiment, the injector is configured for adjusting the mixing ratio by adjusting a volume-over-time displacement characteristic by which the sample drive drives the fluidic sample. In particular, the sample drive may be configured for adjusting the volume of the fluidic sample to be injected into the flow path. Control of the pumping characteristics can be accomplished by controlling the time over position trajectory of a piston of the sample drive. For the injection, a controlled amount (such as a controlled volume or—for a temperature independent or pressure independent operation—a controlled amount of molecules) of fluidic sample can be injected at the fluidic coupling point. When a predefined dilution is desired, this may additionally involve consideration of the flow rate (i.e. the consideration of a time factor). When using a metering pump (such as a syringe pump), this can be accomplished by a time-controlled displacement of a certain volume. Therefore, merely by adjusting the piston-trajectory of the sample drive relative to the operation of the fluid drive, a mixing ratio can be adjusted precisely and easily.
In an embodiment, the sample drive is operable and the fluidic valve is switchable into a pressure adjustment switching state in which a predefined pressure (in particular overpressure for injection, in particular overpressure above ambient pressure) is adjustable in the sample accommodation volume before switching the fluidic valve for injecting the fluidic sample towards the separation unit.
In one alternative, pre-compressing the fluidic sample before injecting the latter into a flow path between fluid drive and separation unit may reduce pressure peaks upon switching. In such an alternative, the pressure in the sample accommodation volume is pre-adjusted to substantially correspond to the pressure in the flow path. This prevents undesired fluidic switching artefacts and increases the lifetime of the components of the column. One of these artefacts is an uncontrolled volume flow by an undefined pressure calibration at the time of fluidically coupling the fluidic paths at different pressure values.
In particular, the sample drive may be operable and the fluidic valve may be switchable so that the predefined overpressure for injection triggers (and in particular provides the injection force for) injection of the fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume towards the separation unit by pressure equilibration, in particular without piston motion. Hence, in another alternative, the pressure in the sample accommodation volume is pre-adjusted to be larger than the pressure in the flow path prior to the injection. In such an embodiment, the sample accommodation volume may be brought to a defined pressure above the pressure of the flow path. For the sake of injection at a desired point of time, the sample accommodation volume may then be fluidically switched into the flow path (which may be denoted as “overpressure for injection” operation mode). This triggers a pressure equilibration between sample accommodation volume and flow path so that, in accordance with the present conditions, a defined volume of fluidic sample is transferred from the sample accommodation volume into the flow path. This amount is defined by the absolute pressure values, the overpressure with regard to the flow path, the present volume of fluidic sample in the sample accommodation volume and its compressibility. In this type of injection, it is not necessary that a piston of the sample drive moves at the point of time of the injection. Such a procedure can be advantageously implemented in the event of very small injection volumes, since the definition of the injected volume by a piston trajectory of the sample drive might not be reducible with sufficient accuracy in such a scenario. Another application of such an overpressure for injection architecture is a sequence of multiple consecutive injections, for example in terms of correlation chromatography.
In an embodiment, the sample drive is configured for intaking an amount of fluidic sample into the sample accommodation volume and for subsequently injecting multiple portions of the intaken amount of fluidic sample separately towards the separation unit. Thus, subsequent portions may be spaced by a respective predefined delay time. Hence, the injector may be operated in an overfill mode. This means that a volume of a fluidic sample accommodated in the sample accommodation volume may be larger than an injection volume which is injected at a certain stage of the operation towards the separation unit. Therefore, it is possible to load the sample accommodation volume once with a sufficient amount of fluidic sample and to subsequently inject several portions of the fluidic sample towards the separation unit at different times or separated by certain time intervals or delay times. Injection of multiple individual portions of a common filling of the sample accommodation volume may be adjusted by the pressure applied to the sample drive over time. Just as an example, it is possible to intake 100 μl of fluidic sample and to inject ten times 10 μl of the intaken fluidic sample towards the separation unit at different times.
For instance, the described overfill mode may be advantageous when a random run operation shall be carried out. In such a random run operation mode, injection of multiple sample portions in accordance with a certain pattern can be carried out in order to obtain additional information from a separation analysis. In this context, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 3,691,364.
Another application of the described overfill mode is the study of a chemical reaction. For example, a chemical reaction of the fluidic sample may be carried out in the sample accommodation volume, or on the way between the sample separation volume and the separation unit, or at the separation unit. The kinetics of such a reaction may be tracked when the sample portions are analyzed by the separation unit at different stages of the reaction. This is possible with the described overfill mode.
In an embodiment, the fluidic valve comprises a stator and a rotor being rotatable relative to one another, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of ports and at least one fluid conduit (in particular a plurality of fluid conduits, such as one or more grooves) in permanent fluid communication with at least part of the plurality of ports, and the rotor comprises at least one fluid conduit (in particular a plurality of fluid conduits, such as one or more grooves). The rotor conduit(s) may be selectively fluidically coupled with or decoupled from the stator ports and/or stator conduit(s) by rotating the rotor relative to the stator. Such an embodiment is shown in
In another embodiment, the fluidic valve comprises a stator and a rotor being rotatable relative to one another, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of ports but no fluid conduits, and the rotor comprises at least one fluid conduit (in particular a plurality of fluid conduits, such as one or more grooves). The rotor conduit(s) may be selectively fluidically coupled with or decoupled from the stator ports by rotating the rotor relative to the stator. Such an embodiment is shown in
In an embodiment, the injector comprises a needle and a seat configured for accommodating the needle, wherein the needle is drivable towards a sample container for intaking fluidic sample into the sample accommodation volume by the sample drive, and wherein the needle is configured to be drivable to the seat prior to injection. In such a configuration, the fluidic sample may be stored in the sample container (such as a vial). The needle may be driven out of the seat, for instance by a robot, and may be immersed into the fluidic sample in the sample container. Subsequently, a piston of the sample drive (such as a metering pump) may be driven in a backward direction to thereby intake a certain amount of fluidic sample from the sample container via the needle into the fluid accommodation volume. Thereafter, the needle may be driven back into the seat to establish a fluid tight connection there. By switching the fluidic valve into the injection switching state, the intaken fluidic sample may be injected from the sample accommodation volume towards the separation unit.
In an embodiment, the sample drive comprises a piston configured for moving in opposite directions when intaking fluidic sample (which may involve a backward motion of the piston) and when injecting fluidic sample into the flow path pressing the fluidic sample towards to separation unit in the injection switching state. The piston may be mounted for reciprocating in a piston chamber of the sample drive. For drawing or intaking fluidic sample into the sample accommodation volume, the piston may be moved backwardly so as to draw fluidic sample from a sample container through a needle into the sample accommodation volume. In contrast to this, for pumping fluidic sample from the sample accommodation volume into the flow path towards the separation unit by feed injection, the piston may be controlled to move forwardly to provide a sample driving force. The relation between this sample driving force and a mobile phase driving force by which the fluid drive drives mobile phase towards the fluidic coupling then determines the mixing ratio in the feed injection mode. Thus, sample intake and sample injection may involve two mutually antiparallel motion directions of the piston.
In an embodiment, adjustment of a desired pressure value in a (decoupled) state of the sample accommodation volume prior to a subsequent coupling to another channel (such as a waste or the flow path) may be performed for adjusting the pressure conditions in the sample accommodation volume so that no artefacts occur upon switching. Preferably, the pressure in the sample accommodation volume may be pre-adjusted to be identical to the pressure in the other channel (which may be denoted as pressure adjustment to avoid artefacts).
Embodiments of the above described fluidic valve may be implemented in conventionally available HPLC systems, such as the Agilent 1200 Series Rapid Resolution LC system or the Agilent 1100 HPLC series (both provided by the applicant Agilent Technologies—see www.agilent.com—which shall be incorporated herein by reference).
One embodiment of a sample separation apparatus, in which one or more of the above described fluidic valves may be implemented, comprises a pumping apparatus as fluid drive or mobile phase drive having a pump piston for reciprocation in a pump working chamber to compress liquid in the pump working chamber to a high pressure at which compressibility of the liquid becomes noticeable. This pumping apparatus may be configured to know (by means of operator's input, notification from another module of the instrument or similar) or elsewise derive solvent properties, which may be used to represent or retrieve actual properties of fluidic content, which is anticipated to be in a sampling apparatus.
The separation unit of the fluid separation apparatus preferably comprises a chromatographic column (see for instance en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_chromatography) providing the stationary phase. The column may be a glass or steel tube (for instance with a diameter from 50 μm to 5 mm and a length of 1 cm to 1 m) or a microfluidic column (as disclosed for instance in EP 1577012 or the Agilent 1200 Series HPLC-Chip/MS System provided by the applicant Agilent Technologies). The individual components are retained by the stationary phase differently and at least partly separate from each other while they are propagating at different speeds through the column with the eluent. At the end of the column they elute one at a time or at least not entirely simultaneously. During the entire chromatography process the eluent may be also collected in a series of fractions. The stationary phase or adsorbent in column chromatography usually is a solid material. The most common stationary phase for column chromatography is silica gel, surface modified silica gel, followed by alumina. Cellulose powder has often been used in the past. Also possible are ion exchange chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography (RP), affinity chromatography or expanded bed adsorption (EBA). The stationary phases are usually finely ground powders or gels and/or are microporous for an increased surface.
The mobile phase (or eluent) can be a pure solvent or a mixture of different solvents (such as water and an organic solvent such as ACN, acetonitrile). It can be chosen for instance to minimize the retention of the compounds of interest and/or the amount of mobile phase to run the chromatography. The mobile phase can also be chosen so that the different compounds or fractions of the fluidic sample can be separated effectively. The mobile phase may comprise an organic solvent like for instance methanol or acetonitrile, often diluted with water. For gradient operation water and organic are delivered in separate bottles, from which the gradient pump delivers a programmed blend to the system. Other commonly used solvents may be isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), hexane, ethanol and/or any combination thereof or any combination of these with aforementioned solvents.
The fluidic sample may comprise but is not limited to any type of process liquid, natural sample like juice, body fluids like plasma or it may be the result of a reaction like from a fermentation broth.
The pressure, as generated by the fluid drive, in the mobile phase may range from 2-200 MPa (20 to 2000 bar), in particular 10-150 MPa (100 to 1500 bar), and more particularly 50-120 MPa (500 to 1200 bar).
The sample separation apparatus, for instance an HPLC system, may further comprise a detector for detecting separated compounds of the fluidic sample, a fractionating unit for outputting separated compounds of the fluidic sample, or any combination thereof. Further details of such an HPLC system are disclosed with respect to the Agilent 1200 Series Rapid Resolution LC system or the Agilent 1100 HPLC series, both provided by the applicant Agilent Technologies, under www.agilent.com which shall be in cooperated herein by reference.
Embodiments of the invention can be partly or entirely embodied or supported by one or more suitable software programs, which can be stored on or otherwise provided by any kind of data carrier, and which might be executed in or by any suitable data processing unit. Software programs or routines can be preferably applied in or by the control unit.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be readily appreciated and become better understood by reference to the following more detailed description of embodiments in connection with the accompanied drawings. Features that are substantially or functionally equal or similar will be referred to by the same reference signs.
The illustration in the drawing is schematic.
Before describing the figures in further detail, some basic considerations of the present invention will be summarized based on which exemplary embodiments have been developed.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a feed injection architecture of injecting a fluidic sample towards a separation unit is provided. In such a feed injection operation, it is possible to eject the fluidic sample into the main path (or flow path) without letting flow through the metering path. Thus, by feed injection, the fluidic sample may be fed into the main path, in particular while there remains a direct fluidic connection between a fluid drive and a mobile phase drive on the one hand and the separation unit on the other hand. Within the injector configuration according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the sample drive or metering device can be flushed in a bypass position with an optional external pump to reduce carryover. In an embodiment, it is also possible that the feed injection can be correlated with pump flow. Moreover, feed injection can be done continuously to dilute the fluidic sample with the main pass flow, i.e. with mobile phase driven by the fluid drive. In an embodiment, it is possible that the characteristics (in particular the speed, a dilution, etc.) of the feed injection can be adjusted dependent on method (in particular chromatographic method) requirements. Usage of a variable loop for different injection volumes is possible according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
In order to design an injector and in particular a fluidic valve of an injector according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is possible to provide only one single high pressure valve with a corresponding stator/rotor design. In an embodiment, it is possible to calculate a compress/decompress volume. Moreover there is the possibility to measure pressure with an additional pressure sensor in-line or differentially to determine a compress/decompress volume.
The usage of such a setup according to an exemplary embodiment provides a hydraulic injection function with the capability to compress and/or decompress loop and/or needle and/or seat with the fluid drive or metering device before and/or after switching into and/or out of the flow path.
Furthermore the sample drive or metering device may be purgable with fresh solvent provided by an additional flush pump. Hence, the metering device may be purgable with the flush pump installed in the sampler.
With the described injector design, feed injection is possible. The described architecture is independent on solvents used in the analytical flow path. It is possible that the sample can be introduced with marginal influence of solvent used for the dilution of the fluidic sample. Both flow paths (i.e. needle, loop as sample accommodation volume, seat, metering device as sample drive, versus main path, analytical pump as fluid drive, column as separation unit) can work independently, except during the injection of fluidic sample. Therefore, the solvents used in both paths can be different.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention have several advantages. In order to exclude the needle, seat, loop and metering device from the main path of the analytical instrument, this setup can be used. The fluidic sample may be injected with a plunger movement of the metering device or a pre-generated overpressure (for providing an injection force for injecting a predefined amount of fluidic sample depending on the overpressure into the flow path) in the path of needle, seat, loop and metering device. The injection speed may be adjustable and can be set as method parameter. Moreover, dilution of the fluidic sample depending on an injection mode (feed to analytical flow) and metering device plunger movement is possible in a feed mode. Both an additional flow (through the plunger movement of the metering device) to the main path flow and a correlated flow, flow of plunger movement of the metering device are possible. A compressible and decompressible path of needle, seat, loop and metering device can be implemented. In an embodiment, there are only marginal pressure fluctuations due to injection due to sample path pre-compression. Multiple feed injections with one draw may be possible in one embodiment. High frequent injections may be possible as well, for instance for reaction monitoring. For example, a reaction can take place in the loop and can be fed partially into the mainpass just by switching and plunger movement of the metering device. A further advantage is a low carryover due to a purge position in which also the needle can be lifted to clean the needle seat interface (with solvent pumped from a flush pump). In an embodiment, the injection volume may be selectable. This is not limited, for example selectable in a range of maximum volume of the loop installed. The described injector architecture is pressure stable over a broad range of pressures, for instance up to 1300 bar. Moreover, the described injector architecture is usable for many applications, for instance for supercritical fluid chromatography.
Referring now in greater detail to the drawings,
While the mobile phase can be comprised of one solvent only, it may also be mixed from plural solvents. Such mixing might be a low pressure mixing and provided upstream of the fluid drive 20, so that the fluid drive 20 already receives and pumps the mixed solvents as the mobile phase. Alternatively, the fluid drive 20 might be comprised of plural individual pumping units, with plural of the pumping units each receiving and pumping a different solvent or mixture, so that the mixing of the mobile phase (as received by the separation unit 30) occurs at high pressure and downstream of the fluid drive 20 (or as part thereof). The composition (mixture) of the mobile phase may be kept constant over time, the so called isocratic mode, or varied over time, the so called gradient mode.
A data processing unit or control unit 70, which can be a PC or workstation, may be coupled (as indicated by the dotted arrows) to one or more of the devices in the sample separation apparatus 10 in order to receive information and/or control operation. For example, the control unit 70 may control operation of the fluid drive 20 (e.g. setting control parameters) and receive therefrom information regarding the actual working conditions (such as output pressure, etc. at an outlet of the fluid drive 20). The control unit 70 may also control operation of the solvent supply 25 (e.g. setting the solvent/s or solvent mixture to be supplied) and/or the degasser 27 (e.g. setting control parameters such as vacuum level) and might receive therefrom information regarding the actual working conditions (such as solvent composition supplied over time, vacuum level, etc.). The control unit 70 might further control operation of the sampling unit or injector 40 (e.g. controlling sample injection or synchronization of sample injection with operating conditions of the fluid drive 20). The separation unit 30 might also be controlled by the control unit 70 (e.g. selecting a specific flow path or column, setting operation temperature, etc.), and send—in return—information (e.g. operating conditions) to the control unit 70. Accordingly, the detector 50 might be controlled by the control unit 70 (e.g. with respect to spectral or wavelength settings, setting time constants, start/stop data acquisition), and send information (e.g. about the detected sample compounds) to the control unit 70. The control unit 70 might also control operation of the fractionating unit 60 (e.g. in conjunction with data received from the detector 50) and provide data back.
As illustrated schematically in
The injector 40 according to
The fluidic valve 95 is a rotatable fluidic valve 95 having a rotor and a stator being rotatable relative to one another so as to bring different fluid ports 1-6 of the stator in alignment with respective fluidic conduits 110 in the rotor. As indicated with reference numeral 155 in
The injector 40 comprises a needle 112 and a seat 114 configured for accommodating the needle 112. Although not shown in the figures, the needle 112 is drivable towards a sample container (not shown) for intaking fluidic sample stored in the sample container into the sample accommodation volume 100 by the sample drive 102. The needle 112 is furthermore configured to be drivable back to the seat 114 (as shown in
Reference numeral 166 indicates a waste.
Referring to
In the switching state according to
Now referring to the switching state of
In the draw and de-/compress position of the fluidic valve 95 according to
In the switching state according to
Referring to
More particularly, in an injection switching state of the fluidic valve 95 as shown in
In the above described switching state according to
Thus, switching fluidic valve 95 of the injector 40 into the injection switching state according to
In the switching state according to
As can be taken from
Referring to
In the switching position of the fluidic valve 95 according to
As can be taken from a comparison of
a feed injection mode in which the fluidic sample is injected in the injection switching state (compare
a flow-through mode in which the fluidic sample is injected in the other switching state (compare
In the feed injection mode of
It should be noted that the term “comprising” does not exclude other elements or features and the term “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. Also elements described in association with different embodiments may be combined. It should also be noted that reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
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