The present disclosure relates to sand screens used in hydrocarbon production. More specifically, this disclosure relates to sand screens attached to a tubular with a composite resin, other adhesive material, or another sealing material able to form a barrier between the sand screen and the tubular.
In hydrocarbon-producing wells, sand screens may be used to filter sand and other debris out of production fluids produced from the hydrocarbon well to a surface. Construction of the sand screens on tubing generally relies on welding the sand screen components to the tubing or using mechanical attachment mechanisms (e.g., screws, bolts, etc.) to attach the sand screen components to the production tubing. Welding or otherwise mechanically attaching the sand screen components to various alloys may be particularly challenging, and skilled labor with significant training and experience may be relied upon to perform such attachment. Moreover, various materials used for the tubing and the sand screen components may not withstand the welding environment or form an adequate seal between the tubing and the sand screen components when other mechanical attachment mechanisms are used.
Certain aspects and examples of the disclosure relate to sand screen systems with composite resin or other adhesive bonding of a sand screen to a tubular. Components of the sand screen may be constructed to significantly reduce cost as well as to provide easy local (e.g., in country) manufacturing. A protective shroud, a mesh filter, a drainage layer, other sand screen components, or any combination thereof of the sand screen may be chemically fixed to the tubular to remove costs through limiting a number of components used for the sand screen assembly. Further, chemically fixing the mesh portion of the sand screen may reduce a number of processes and hours used for assembly in comparison to current sand screen manufacturing processes.
Chemically fixing the sand screen to the tubular may include coupling the sand screen to the tubular using a composite resin or other adhesive material (e.g., a moldable material). The composite resin may include a carbon fiber ceramic material, but other composite resins, silicones, epoxies, and adhesives may also be used. The composite resin or other adhesive material may be molded into a desired size and shape, and the composite resin or other adhesive material may create a sand-tight seal between the sand screen and the tubular while also providing adhesive and mechanical integrity. The sand-tight seal may prevent any debris from entering the tubular that is larger than debris that the sand screen is able to pass through to the tubular.
Because the sand screen is chemically fixed to the tubular, other mechanical fasteners (e.g., bolts or screws) may be avoided, or a number of the mechanical fasteners used to install the sand screen to the tubular may be reduced. For example, a limited number of mechanical fasteners may maintain the sand screen in proper alignment with the tubular while the composite resin, other adhesive material, or other sealing material is applied to create the sand-tight seal between the sand screen and the tubular. In other examples, the other mechanical fasteners are avoided altogether when the sand screen is chemically fixed to the tubular. In some examples, as discussed below with respect to
These illustrative examples are given to introduce the reader to the general subject matter discussed here and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts. The following sections describe various additional features and examples with reference to the drawings in which like numerals indicate like elements, and directional descriptions are used to describe the illustrative aspects but, like the illustrative aspects, should not be used to limit the present disclosure.
One or more sand screens 114, one or more inflow control devices 116, and one or more packers 118 may be interconnected along the production tubing string 112, such as along tubulars 119 positioned along the horizontal section 106 of the wellbore 102. The tubulars 119 may be attached to a downhole end of the production tubing string 112. The packers 118 may seal off an annulus 120 located between the tubulars 119 and walls of the wellbore 102. As a result, fluids 122 may be produced from multiple intervals or “pay zones” of the formation 108 through isolated portions of the annulus 120 between adjacent pairs of packers 118.
In an example, a sand screen 114 and an inflow control device 116 may be interconnected in the production tubing string 112 and positioned between a pair of packers 118. The sand screens 114 may be any type of sand screen that are capable of coupling to the tubulars 119 using a composite resin or other chemical binding agent (e.g., another adhesive material). In operation, the sand screen 114 may filter the fluids 122 flowing into the tubulars 119 from the formation 108 and through the annulus 120. The inflow control device 116 may also optionally be positioned along the tubulars 119. When in position, the inflow control device 116 may restrict or otherwise regulate a flow of the fluids 122 into the production tubing string 112 based on certain physical or chemical characteristics of the fluids 122 and the inflow control device 116.
While the well system 100 is described as including multiple tubulars 119, multiple inflow control devices 116, and multiple packers 118, these described components may not be used in every example in which the sand screen 114 is used. For example, the well system 100 may include only an individual tubular 119, and the sand screen 114 may be coupled to the individual tubular 119 without an accompanying inflow control device 116. Further, an example using the sand screen 114 may be implemented without the packers 118 isolating the various sections of the formation 108.
Bonding elements 204a-204d may be made from a composite resin, such as Protech™ or other similar materials, that is bonded directly to the tubular 119. In one or more examples, the composite resin may be a carbon fiber ceramic material that is carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide resistant. The bonding elements 204a-204d may exhibit high adhesion and mechanical integrity. Accordingly, the bonding elements 204a-204d may be used to install the filtering portions 202a and 202b to the tubular 119. Further, the bonding elements 204a-204d may be installed, along with the filtering portions 202a and 202b, by unskilled laborers at the wellsite (e.g., without skilled welders). For example, the unskilled workers may position the filtering portions 202a and 202b over a portion of the tubular 119, and apply the bonding elements 204a-204d or other bonding materials into appropriate sizes and shapes to achieve a bond and seal between the filtering portions 202a and 202b and the tubular 119.
The bonding elements 204a-204d may be molded to also function as centralizers for the tubular 119. For example, a thickness 206 of the bonding elements 204a-204d extending from the tubular 119 may be sufficient to maintain the tubular 119 in a generally centralized orientation within the wellbore 102. Using the bonding elements 204a-204d as centralizers may be particularly useful in the horizontal section 106 of the wellbore 102 to maintain clearance between the filtering portions 202a and 202b and the walls of the wellbore 102.
One or more of the bonding elements 204a-204d may include fluting 208 along a length of the bonding elements 204a-204d. The fluting 208 may reduce fluid resistance resulting from the bonding elements 204a-204d as the tubular 119 is run into the wellbore 102. The fluting 208 may be added to the bonding elements 204a-204d during the molding process of the composite resin material or other adhesive substance used to make the bonding elements 204a-204d.
Further, one or more cables 210 (e.g., power cables, control lines, or both) may be molded into one or more of the bonding elements 204a-204d. The cables 210 may provide power or control signals to downhole equipment, and the bonding elements 204a-204d may protect the cables 210 while the tubular 119 is run into the wellbore 102. Further, the cables 210 may be molded completely within the bonding elements 204a-204d, as depicted in
In the illustrated example of
In an additional embodiment, the sand screen 114 may be positioned over a solid portion of the tubular 119 with a space between the filtering portion 202a or 202b and the solid portion of the tubular 119. At one or more of the bonding elements 204a-204d, an inflow control device 116 may be positioned that provides a path for a flow of the fluid 122 from the sand screen 114 to an interior 214 of the tubular 119. The inflow control device 116 may regulate an influx of the fluid 122 to the interior 214 of the tubular 119 during a production operation.
Further, the cable 210 may be run along the tubular 119. In an example, the cable 210 is molded into the bonding element 204 of one of the sand screens 114 attached to the tubular 119. As discussed above with respect to
As discussed above with respect to
While the sand screen 114 is depicted as being installed over a length of the tubular 119, in another embodiment, the sand screen 114 may be positioned around a circumference of the tubular 119. In such an embodiment, the bonding element 204 may be two separate, parallel bonding elements 204 instead of a continuous bonding element 204 on four sides of the filtering portion 202 depicted in
Ends 508a and 508b of the filtering portion 202 may be molded within the bonding elements 204a and 204b, and the bonding elements 204a and 204b create a sand-tight seal between the sand screen 114 and the tubular 119. While only the two bonding elements 204a and 204b are depicted in
Further, welding, stress relief, and non-destructive examination (NDE) associated with welding sand screens 114 to tubulars 119 may be avoided. Because the filtering portion 202 is not welded to the tubular 119, the filtering portion 202 may be made from materials that are not generally capable of withstanding heat associated with a welding operation. For example, the filtering portion 202 may be made from plastics or metals with melting points that are less than a temperature resulting from the welding operation when the bonding elements 204a and 204b are used to attach the filtering portion 202 to the tubular 119.
The bonding elements 204 may be slightly raised or significantly raised over the protective shroud 502. Further, blades or channels (e.g., the fluting 208 described above with respect to
At block 704, the process 700 involves positioning the filtering portion 202 of the sand screen 114 over the prepared portion of the tubular 119. For example, the filtering portion 202 may be positioned over the through-ports 212, the area 302, or any other openings in the tubular 119. Further, in an embodiment with an inflow control device 116, the inflow control device 116 may be positioned over the prepared portion of the tubular 119 while the filtering portion 202 is positioned adjacent to the inflow control device 116. Additionally, the filtering portion 202 may include the protective shroud 502, the mesh filter 504, the drainage layer 506, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the filtering portion 202 may include a slip-on wire wrap screen jacket, a pre-packed screen, a direct wrap-on-pipe screen, or stacks of mesh-laminate discs that fit over the through-ports 212, the area 302, or any other openings in the tubular 119.
In an example, positioning the filtering portion 202 of the sand screen 114 over the prepared portion of the tubular 119 may involve bolting or otherwise mechanically attaching the end ring 602, which is also coupled to the filtering portion 202, to the tubular 119. Bolting or attaching the end ring 602 to the tubular 119 may provide structural support to the filtering portion 202 and may also ensure that the filtering portion 202 is located in a correct position in relation to the prepared portion of the tubular 119.
At block 706, the process 700 involves attaching the filtering portion 202 to the tubular 119 with composite resin or other adhesive material (e.g., the bonding element 204). The bonding element 204 (e.g., a composite resin or other adhesive) is molded over the ends 508 or 610 of the filtering portion 202 to create the sand screen 114. The bonding element 204 also attaches to the tubular 119 to generate a sand-tight seal between the filtering portion 202 and the tubular 119. In one or more examples, the bonding element 204 may extend to a specified depth from the tubular 119 to function as a centralizer for the tubular 119. Further, the bonding element 204 may include fluting to reduce fluid resistance as the tubular 119 is run into the wellbore 102.
During the molding process of the bonding element 204, the cables 210 (e.g., power cables, control lines, or both) may be molded into the bonding element 204. Molding the cables 210 into the bonding element 204 may provide protection for the cables 210 as the tubular 119 is run into the wellbore 102. For example, the bonding element 204 may rub against walls of the wellbore 102 during run-in instead of the cables 210 themselves.
In some aspects, systems, devices, and methods for implementing and manufacturing a sand screen system are provided according to one or more of the following examples:
As used below, any reference to a series of examples is to be understood as a reference to each of those examples disjunctively (e.g., “Examples 1-4” is to be understood as “Examples 1, 2, 3, or 4”).
Example 1 is a system, comprising: a tubular comprising at least one through-port from an outer surface of the tubular to an inner surface of the tubular; a filtering portion positioned on the outer surface of the tubular in fluid communication with the at least one through-port; and a moldable material coupling the filtering portion to the tubular.
Example 2 is the system of example 1, wherein the moldable material extends from the tubular to a moldable material depth to centralize the tubular when installed within a wellbore by maintaining the tubular at the moldable material depth from a wall of the wellbore.
Example 3 is the system of example 1 or 2, wherein the filtering portion comprises a protective shroud, a mesh filter, and a drainage layer.
Example 4 is the system of examples 1 to 3, further comprising a mechanical fastener that couples the filtering portion to the tubular, wherein the moldable material is molded over the filtering portion and the mechanical fastener.
Example 5 is the system of examples 1 to 4, wherein the moldable material comprises a carbon fiber ceramic material.
Example 6 is the system of examples 1 to 5, further comprising a power cable or a control line disposed within the moldable material to protect the power cable or the control line from interaction with a wall of a wellbore when the tubular is run into the wellbore.
Example 7 is the system of examples 1 to 6, wherein the moldable material is moldable to a first shape associated with a second shape of the filtering portion.
Example 8 is the system of examples 1 to 7, wherein the filtering portion is positionable to filter wellbore debris from production fluid.
Example 9 is the system of examples 1 to 8, wherein the tubular is attachable to a hydrocarbon production tubing string.
Example 10 is a method of manufacturing a sand screen system, comprising: installing at least one through-port in a tubular from an outer surface of the tubular to an inner surface of the tubular; positioning a filter portion of a sand screen on the outer surface of the tubular in fluid communication with the at least one through port; and attaching the filter portion of the sand screen to the tubular with a moldable material in a sand-tight seal.
Example 11 is the method of example 10, further comprising molding the moldable material to function as a centralizer of the tubular, wherein the moldable material extends from the tubular to a moldable material depth to centralize the tubular when installed within a wellbore by maintaining the tubular at the moldable material depth from a wall of the wellbore.
Example 12 is the method of example 10 or 11, further comprising: installing an orifice in the tubular; and attaching an end ring to the tubular with a mechanical fastener disposed in the orifice of the tubular and an additional orifice of the end ring, wherein the end ring is coupled to the filter portion.
Example 13 is the method of example 12, wherein the moldable material is installed over the end ring.
Example 14 is the method of examples 10 to 13, wherein the filter portion of the sand screen is a slip-on mesh jacket, a slip-on wire wrap jacket, a pre-packed screen, a direct wrap-on-pipe screen, or stacks of mesh-laminate discs.
Example 15 is the method of examples 10 to 14, further comprising molding fluting into the moldable material.
Example 16 is the method of examples 10 to 15, further comprising installing at least one power cable or control line in the moldable material to protect the at least one power cable or control line from interaction with a wall of a wellbore when the tubular is run into the wellbore.
Example 17 is a system, comprising: a sand screen positionable on an outer surface of a tubular; and an adhesive coupled to the sand screen and couplable to the tubular.
Example 18 is the system of example 17, further comprising an inflow control device coupled to the sand screen and couplable to the tubular with the adhesive, wherein the inflow control device is positionable to regulate a flow of fluid from the sand screen to at least one through-port of the tubular.
Example 19 is the system of example 17 or 18, further comprising at least one power cable or control line molded into the adhesive to protect the at least one power cable or control line from interaction with a wall of a wellbore when the tubular is run into the wellbore.
Example 20 is the system of examples 17 to 19, wherein the adhesive comprises a carbon fiber ceramic material.
The foregoing description of certain examples, including illustrated examples, has been presented only for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications, adaptations, and uses thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
This disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/558,985, titled “Composite Resin Screen” and filed Sep. 15, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2018/046713 | 8/14/2018 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2019/055166 | 3/21/2019 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
130871 | Rouse | Aug 1872 | A |
160692 | Macomber | Mar 1875 | A |
470274 | Wiser | Mar 1892 | A |
1963629 | Mark | Jun 1934 | A |
3981359 | Fortenberry | Sep 1976 | A |
4284138 | Allred | Aug 1981 | A |
4352512 | Janssen | Oct 1982 | A |
4681161 | Arterbury | Jul 1987 | A |
4770336 | Arterbury | Sep 1988 | A |
5411084 | Padden | May 1995 | A |
5509483 | Graen | Apr 1996 | A |
6305468 | Broome | Oct 2001 | B1 |
7096939 | Kirk | Aug 2006 | B2 |
10072482 | Hodge | Sep 2018 | B2 |
20020092649 | Bixenman | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020129935 | Castano-Mears et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20050150654 | Kirk | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20080217002 | Simonds et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20090179383 | Koloy | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20110011586 | Dusterhoft | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110036565 | Holderman | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20120037357 | Lopez | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120073801 | Greci | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20150013970 | Jaaskelainen | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20160040516 | Richards | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20170022789 | Hodge | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170074077 | Bowen | Mar 2017 | A1 |
20180283134 | Ornelaz | Oct 2018 | A1 |
20190112900 | Osunjaye | Apr 2019 | A1 |
20190195052 | Yi | Jun 2019 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
03014521 | Feb 2003 | WO |
WO-03078789 | Sep 2003 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/046713 , “International Search Report and Written Opinion”, dated Jan. 2, 2019, 15 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20210355793 A1 | Nov 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62558985 | Sep 2017 | US |