1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention relates to sanitary support systems and methods and, more particularly, to devices and methods for supporting pipes and other conduits typically within a sanitary environment.
2. Description of the Invention Background
Conduit supports, or pipe hangers and clamps, are well known and commonly used to support and hang pipes from support structures such as ceilings, joists or rafters of buildings. Typically several supports or hangers are employed along a stretch of conduit to suspend the conduit from the support structure. These pipe hangers are primarily secured to the support structure and then attached to the pipe to support the pipe in a desired orientation.
Over the years, many improvements, devices and methods for supporting conduits have been made. Many pipe hanger designs focused on the efficiency and simplicity of utilizing the pipe hanger when employing the hanger in a desired orientation. Others allowed for pipe expansion and/or vibration due to the materials carried within the pipe itself. Another focus of improvements involved creating a versatile pipe hanger that could accommodate a large variety of pipes, or a large number of pipes with a single hanger. Although many of these pipe hangers are still employed, there remains a need for a pipe hanger that, among other things, accommodates the requirements of the surrounding environment, such as those peculiar to sanitary environments.
Prior methods of insulating techniques have been used in connection with piping systems. Those methods, however, do not serve to cover the hanger leaving it exposed to trap dirt and debris.
Environments where sanitary conditions must be maintained may involve manufacturing operations wherein cleanliness is critical, such as when handling foodstuffs, medicinal preparations or electronic components that may be easily contaminated or damaged by errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. Such sanitary environments often have within the confines of the sanitary area, piping and conduits for delivering materials to workstations or other assembly type areas. By preventing areas in which errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. can accumulate, the possibility that the manufactured goods may become contaminated will be minimized.
The ability to maintain a sanitary environment can be critical to maintaining successful manufacturing and handling operations. Thus, there is a need for conduit supports and methods to position a pipe or other conduit in a desired orientation while preventing the accumulation of errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. Further, a need also exists for a conduit support that can be conveniently cleaned and made suitable for a new process requiring complete elimination of errant matter. As well, a conduit support for use with a new method of insulation is desirable, which is made possible with the present invention. These are just some of the needs addressed by various embodiments of the subject invention.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a conduit support. In one embodiment, the conduit support may include a first member having a first conduit-receiving area therein. In addition, the conduit support may include a second member releasably coupled to the first member and having a substantially uninterrupted convex shaped upper surface. The second member may have a second conduit-receiving area that cooperates with the first conduit-receiving area to establish a conduit area in the conduit support when the first and second members are coupled to each other. The first member may be sized and shaped relative to the second member such that no portion of the first member protrudes laterally beyond the upper surface of the second member when the first and second members are coupled together. At least one fastener may be employed to couple the first and second members together. The fasteners may be dimensioned so that no portion of a fastener protrudes laterally beyond the upper surface of the conduit support to avoid the formation of surfaces which may accumulate dust or debris. The first and second members may be configured to engage the conduit in a sealing arrangement either alone or with the implementation of a grommet or seal in a conduit area of the conduit support. A support member may be attached to a portion of the conduit support for attaching the conduit support to a support structure (i.e., beam, rafter, ceiling, wall, etc.).
Another embodiment of the present invention may generally have the same construction as the first embodiment described above, except that in this embodiment, the first and second members may be coupled together by a hinge such that one portion can pivot to an open position relative to another portion. In this embodiment, only one fastener may be necessary to secure the first and second members together.
Another embodiment of the present invention may comprise an apparatus for supporting a plurality of conduits in a stacked orientation. The apparatus may include a plurality of conduit supports that may be coupled together by interconnecting threaded rods or the like, although other means of securing them together are possible. These interconnections between the conduit supports may engage one another in a sealing arrangement to further certain objectives of the present invention. The stacked arrangement of conduit supports may employ a support member to secure the conduit supports to a supporting structure.
A further embodiment of the present invention comprises a conduit support that may be secured to a support structure by a telescoping support member. The conduit support may be secured to the telescoping support member in a variety of manners. One such manner may be with a fastener positioned through the conduit support into the telescoping member, while another manner may contemplate a threaded engagement between the conduit support and the telescoping support member.
Another embodiment of the present invention may comprise an apparatus for supporting conduits relative to a support structure and may include an elongated support member which is attached to the support structure. The apparatus may further include a first conduit support coupled to the elongated support member and a second conduit support coupled to the first conduit support. The first and second conduit supports may be configured so as to avoid surfaces that might collect dust or debris.
Another embodiment of the present invention may comprise an apparatus for supporting a plurality of conduits in a linear orientation. The apparatus may include a plurality of conduit supports that are coupled to a common elongated support member by interconnecting threaded rods, although other means of securing them to the elongated support member are possible. These interconnections between the conduit supports and the elongated support member may be established such that a seal is created therebetween.
Another embodiment of the present invention may include a method of supporting one or more conduit in a sanitary environment. The method may include suspending a conduit support of the present invention from a support structure such that there are substantially no surfaces and/or recesses wherein contaminants may be able to accumulate due to gravity, and supporting a portion of conduit therein.
Another embodiment of the present invention may include a method of insulating one or more conduit supports that are supporting pipes in a sanitary environment. The method may include affixing a support member to the conduit support of the present invention and suspending the support member from a support structure such that no surfaces and/or recesses are created wherein contaminants may be able to accumulate due to gravity or otherwise be able to infiltrate between members of the conduit support. The method may further include surrounding the entire conduit support and the conduit with insulation such that the insulation is separated about a single seam located generally about the outer circumference of the conduit support.
Accordingly, the present invention provides solutions to the shortcomings of prior devices and methods for supporting conduits. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, however, that these and other details, features and advantages will become further apparent as the following detailed description of the embodiments proceeds.
In the accompanying Figures, there are shown present embodiments of the invention wherein like reference numerals are employed to designate like parts and wherein:
Referring now to the drawings for the purposes of illustrating embodiments of the invention only and not for the purposes of limiting the same,
The second member 14 may be removably attached to the first member 12 by, for example, one or more threaded fasteners 22. In one embodiment, fasteners 22 may extend through bores 20 in the first member 12 to engage threaded holes 21 in first member 12.
In one embodiment, threaded fasteners 22 may have “acorn” heads to avoid the formation of laterally extending surfaces that may trap or accumulate dust and debris or otherwise complicate cleaning of the conduit support 10 when it is oriented as shown in
In one embodiment, the first member 12 may be shaped and sized relative to the second member 14 such that when attached to the second member 14, no portion of the first member 12 forms a surface or area which could permit the accumulation of dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc. thereon, otherwise forming a substantially uninterrupted surface, when the conduit support 10 is oriented as shown in
In one embodiment, the upper surface of second member 14 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface avoids the existence of recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc.
The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surface of the second member 14 that such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex outer surface having virtually no horizontally extending portion which could permit the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. due to gravity when the second member 14 is coupled to the first member 12 and oriented, for example, as shown in
In one embodiment, an apex area 30 may protrude from the upper surface of the second member 14. The apex area 30 may define an installation axis B-B that extends through center point 103 and may be substantially perpendicular to plane A-A as shown in
The conduit 101, shown in shadow in
However, some applications require that the conduit 101 be capable of lateral movement wherein the conduit 101 is permitted some movement within the conduit support 10 while being supported and wherein the conduit support 10 acts more like a hanger. In these embodiments, the grommet 18 may be fabricated from more rigid material such as, for example, polymeric material (e.g. polyetherimide), Ultem or the like. Such applications may further require some radial clearance between the grommet 18 and the conduit to allow for expansion and movement of the conduit 101 supported due to heat expansion or other causes.
See
Although not required, using a grommet 18 may be beneficial as the fluid carried in the conduit 101 may cause the conduit 101 to change temperatures relative to the conduit support 10. Therefore, utilizing a grommet 18 may prevent condensation due to, for example, direct metal-to-metal contact of the conduit 101 and the conduit support 10 wherein there are temperature differences between the conduit 101 and the conduit support 10.
The implementation of grommet 18 may additionally allow for differing sizes of conduit 101 to be supported with the use of a thicker or thinner grommet 18. Thus, the conduit support 10 may be able to support a wide variety of differently sized conduits 101 as the grommet 18 may be thicker or thinner to accommodate the size of the conduit 101 to be supported.
To install the conduit 101 within the support 10, the lower or first member 12 may be detached from the upper or second member 14 by removing fasteners 22. The grommet 18 may then be installed around a portion of the conduit 101 (if the grommet 18 is one piece), or the portions of the grommet 18 may be cradled in the conduit-receiving areas 13, 15 if the grommet 18 is of multiple-piece construction. The grommet 18 and conduit 101 may be supported within the conduit area of the conduit-receiving areas 13, 15 when the fasteners 22 are reinstalled to clamp the grommet 18 and conduit 101 between the first member 12 and the second member 14 as illustrated in
Another conduit support 110 of the present invention is illustrated in
Further, other variations of the hinge 129 may be implemented while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Support member 116 may also be constructed in a variety of other manners and configurations such as, for example, those illustrated in
In this embodiment, the first member 112 may be so configured such that it does not protrude laterally beyond the outer surfaces of second member 114 and such that no portion of the first member 112 forms surfaces which could accumulate errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. when the conduit support 110 is oriented as shown in
In one embodiment, the upper surface of second member 114 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface avoids the existence of recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc.
The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surface of the second member 114 that such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex surface having virtually no horizontally extending surfaces which could permit the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. due to gravity (arrow “G”) when oriented as shown in
The snap fastener 171 is shown in
In this embodiment, much like the first embodiment disclosed, the first member 212 may be so configured such that it does not protrude laterally beyond the outer surfaces of second member 214 of the third conduit support 210 when it is attached thereto.
Likewise, third member 234 of another modular conduit support 209 may not protrude laterally beyond the outer surfaces of the second member 214 thereof. Similarly, the third member 234 of the first modular conduit support 208 may not protrude laterally beyond the second member 214 thereof. Thus, such arrangements prevent the accumulation of errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. between the various components of the conduit supports 208, 209, 210 when the conduit support 200 assembly is oriented as shown in
In one embodiment, the upper surface of second member 214 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface prevents recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluid, etc. The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surface of the second member 214 that such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex surface having virtually no horizontal surface whereupon dust, dirt, debris, etc. may accumulate due to gravity. More specifically, the upper surface may be arcuately shaped. This shape provides a curved surface about a central axis J″-J″ that extends through a center point 203 and a radial axis K″-K″ that extends radially about center point 203. The upper arcuate surface of second member 214 may generally abut the rounded portion of first member 212 when supporting a conduit. As can be seen in the drawings, the upper surface of second member 214 may face opposite to the direction of the pull of gravity (represented by the arrow “G” in
In this embodiment, the third member 334 may be so shaped and configured so as to not protrude laterally beyond the outer surfaces of upper member 315 along a plane D-D when it is attached thereto. Such arrangement prevents the formation of surfaces which might accumulate errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. when the modular conduit support 307 is oriented as shown in
Also in this embodiment, telescoping support 380 may comprise a first support member 386, second support member 387, a support channel 388 and a base member 389. In one embodiment, modular conduit support 307 may be supported by support channel 388 such that rotation of the modular conduit support 307 is prevented. As can be seen in the Figures, support channel 388 may overlap and abut a portion of third member 334 such that when third member 334 is coupled to first support member 386, support channel 388 may prevent rotation of third member 334. A threaded bore 340 may be provided in modular conduit support 307 and may define an installation axis C-C as shown in
In one embodiment, the upper surface of second member 315 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface prevents recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surface of the second member 315 that such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex surface having virtually no horizontally extending surfaces which could permit the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. due to gravity. More specifically, the upper surface may be arcuately shaped as shown in the
In this embodiment, the third member 534 may be so shaped and configured so as to not protrude laterally beyond the outer surfaces of upper member 515 along a plane D′-D′ when it is attached thereto. Such arrangement allows for an uninterrupted surface that prevents formation of recesses or surfaces that might accumulate errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. when the modular conduit support 507 is oriented as shown in
This embodiment also has a telescoping support 590 that may comprise a first support member 516, second support member 587, a sleeve support member 585, a cap member 583 and a base member 589. In one embodiment, modular conduit support 507 may be supported by a threaded engagement with first support member 516. As can be seen in the Figures, first support member 516 is affixed to cap member 583 that overlaps a portion of first support member 516 such that an uninterrupted surface is formed to prevent the accumulation of errant dust, dirt, debris, etc. Cap member 583 is thus fitted inside for telescoping engagement with sleeve support member 585 such that the surfaces that abut are substantially uninterrupted. Sleeve support member 585 is then positioned about the outer edges of second support member 587 in a telescoping fashion. Each of the connections between the telescoping members 583, 585, 587 may be secured together by set screws, clamps, etc. (not shown) for easy adjustment. Once the telescoping support 590 is adjusted vertically into a desired position, set screws, clamps, etc. (not shown) could hold the telescoping members 583, 585, 587 in place while a more permanent means for attaching them may be implemented such as, for example, bolting, welding, gluing, etc.
A threaded bore 540 may be provided in modular conduit support 507 and may define an installation axis C′-C′ as shown in
Base member 589 may be secured to support structures 100, such as a floor, joists, walls or rafters, by appropriate fastening arrangements such as by fasteners 530 extending through holes 560 in the base member 589 or by other suitable means such as, for example, welding, gluing, clamping, etc. Telescoping support 590 could also be constructed with tubular members to allow for rotation of modular conduit support 507 relative to the telescoping support 590.
In one embodiment, the upper surface of second member 515 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface prevents recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluid, etc. The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surface of the second member 515 that such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex surface having virtually no horizontally extending surfaces which could permit the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. due to gravity.
More specifically, the upper surface may be arcuately shaped as shown in the Figures. This shape provides a central axis R-R that extends through a center point 503 and a radial axis S-S that extends radially about center point 503. The upper arcuate surface of second member 515 may generally abut the rounded outer surfaces of third member 534 when supporting conduit.
As can also be seen in the Figures, the upper surface of second member 515 may face opposite to the direction of the pull of gravity (represented by the arrow “G” in
Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
This embodiment may include a plurality of conduit supports 410 that are coupled to modular conduit supports 407 which are supported on conduit support assembly 500. In one embodiment, conduit support assembly 500 may simply comprise a length of conduit 502, or other pipe, etc. (which may be solid or hollow, round, square or otherwise) that is supported between a pair of stand off members 504. In one embodiment, the stand off members 504 may comprise a cap member 506 that has a bore 508 therein sized to receive the end of the conduit 502 as shown. The terminal ends 510 of the cap members 506 may be substantially frusto-conically shaped such that when the standoff members 504 are suspended from a support structure 100, no substantially horizontal surface is presented where errant dust, dirt or debris, etc. may accumulate due to gravity. In one embodiment, each cap member 506 may be attached to a support structure 100 by stand off members 504. Terminal ends 510 may also be threadably secured to cap member 506 to allow for removal of terminal ends 510. Stand off members 504 may be integrally formed with their respective cap members 506 or otherwise attached thereto by, for example, welding, gluing, etc. Stand off members 504 may also be releasably attached with their respective cap members 506 or otherwise attached thereto by, for example, threads, snap-locks, etc. Each stand off member 504 may have a standoff base 532 that has at least one fastener hole 560 for receiving a fastener 530 therethrough to affix the standoff base 532 to the support structure 100. In other embodiments, standoff members 504 may be fastened to support structure 100 by a myriad of other methods such as welding, gluing, etc.
As can be seen in
It will be appreciated that standoff members 504 may be of varying lengths and may be shaped in various configurations, such as for example hollow tubes, telescoping members, etc.
In this embodiment, a plurality of modular conduit supports 407 may be mounted on conduit 502 as shown. As discussed with respect to other embodiments, fasteners 422 may be utilized to secure the first and third members 412, 434 together around conduit 502.
When modular conduit support 407 is secured to support structure 500, conduit support 410 may then be secured to modular conduit support 407 by an interconnecting member or other fastener.
Apex area 430 of second member 414 of a conduit support 410 may be threaded, similar to apex area 230, to releasably couple to third member 434. In a similar fashion, third member 434 may be threaded, similar to third member 234, to releasably couple to apex area 430. First members 412 may then be coupled to second members 414 to support conduits 601 in the manners described above and as illustrated in
In one embodiment, the upper surfaces of second members 414, 415 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface prevents recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc. The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surfaces of second members 414, 415 that such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex outer surface having virtually no horizontally extending portion that would permit the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. due to gravity when the second members 414, 415 are coupled to the first and third members 412, 434. More specifically, each upper surface may be arcuately shaped as shown in
As shown in
This embodiment may include a plurality of modular conduit supports 607 which are supported on conduit support assembly 600. In one embodiment, conduit support assembly 600 may simply comprise a length of square conduit 602, or other pipe, bar, etc. (which may be solid or hollow, round, square or otherwise) that is supported between a pair of stand off members 604.
The stand off members 604 may have a cylindrical support member 606 that is sized to receive the end of the conduit 602 as shown. Conduit 602 may be slidably coupled to support member 606 and generally held in desired position by set screws 639. Therefore, the conduit system illustrated in
Once the conduit 602 is in a desired position as secured by the set screws 639, the conduit 602 may be permanently affixed to support member 606 by bolting a threaded stud (not shown) with fasteners 633 such that no threads are exposed. Other ways to secure the support member 606 to conduit 602 may be provided such as, for example, bolting, welding, gluing, etc. The cap members 610 may be rounded in shape such that when the standoff members 604 are attached to a support structure 100, no substantially horizontal surface is presented where errant dust, dirt or debris, etc. may accumulate due to gravity. In one embodiment, each support member 606 is attached to the stand off members 604, which is attached to a base 632 that may be attached to a support structure 100 by bolting, welding, gluing, etc. Base 632 may also be affixed to a support structure 100 in a myriad of other ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Cap members 610 may also be threadably secured to conduit 602 to allow for removal or replacement of cap members 610.
Stand off members 604 may be integrally formed with their respective support members 606 or otherwise attached thereto by, for example, welding, gluing, etc. Stand off members 604 may also be releasably attached with their respective support members 606 or otherwise attached thereto by, for example, welding, threads, snap-locks, etc. Support member 606 may also be a single cast portion incorporating stand off member 604 and base 632.
As can be seen in
It will be appreciated that standoff members 604 may be of varying lengths and may be shaped in various configurations, such as for example hollow tubes, telescoping members, etc.
In this embodiment, a plurality of modular conduit supports 607 may be mounted on conduit 602 as shown. Fasteners 625 may be utilized to secure the third members 634 together with conduit 602. When modular conduit support 607 is secured to support structure 600, interconnection member 630 may be secured to the conduit 602 by a threaded engagement or other fastening means. The lower portion of third member 634 of the modular conduit support 607 may be threaded to releasably couple to the conduit 602. Between the interconnection member 630 and the third member 634, a stabilizing plate 638 may be employed.
The plate 638 may have rounded edges to prevent the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc.
In one embodiment, the upper surfaces of second members 615 may be generally convex and smooth in texture, generally anywhere from about a 100 RA finish to about a 5 RA finish, and may be fabricated from, for example, steel, stainless steel, plastics, polymers, rubber, etc. The smooth finish on the upper surface prevents recesses, crevasses and other areas that may encourage the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc. The smoother the finish, i.e. 5 RA, the fewer places on the upper surfaces of second members 615 where such contaminants may accumulate. This smooth texture may also be accomplished by utilizing coatings on the surfaces such as, for example, chrome plating, plastics, etc. This configuration defines a substantially uninterrupted curved convex outer surface having virtually no horizontally extending portion which could permit the accumulation of dust, dirt, debris, etc. due to gravity when the second members 615 are coupled to the third members 634. More specifically, each upper surface may be arcuately shaped as shown in
The support member 716 utilizes the sloping seal 728 so that an uninterrupted surface can be provided that prevents the accumulation of errant dust, dirt, debris, cleaning fluids, etc.
Although
Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
The embodiments of the present invention have been described herein for use with generally known threaded connection members, i.e. threaded fasteners and threaded bores. These embodiments of the present invention could be successfully employed with a myriad of other types of fasteners and connecting members between the supports, conduit supports or other modular conduit supports without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention such as, for example, welding, gluing, clamping, etc. One example of another fastener is illustrated in
In addition, a keyed arrangement could be utilized wherein two abutting portions come together with a dual dove tailed key placed between the two in the female receiving slots and secured with, for example, a set screw. One such other embodiment may provide, for example, a pair of spring loaded snaps positioned flush on the outer front and rear surface of the first member 112 that self-lock flush into the outer front and rear surfaces of second member 114. Thus, the scope of protection afforded to these embodiments of the present invention are not limited to use with the specific types of fasteners illustrated in the Figures.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described herein for use in connection with conventional conduit of the type depicted in shadow in
The embodiments of the present invention represent significant improvements over prior pipe hanging devices. Due to its sanitary nature, the present invention is well suited for use by manufacturers of goods requiring such an environment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will, of course, appreciate that various changes in the details, materials and arrangement of parts which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention may be made by the skilled artisan within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.
This non-provisional application for patent is a divisional patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/931,837, filed Sep. 1, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,038 which is a divisional patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/464,196, filed Jun. 18, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,799,607, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
92299 | Fry | Jul 1869 | A |
485033 | Hanna | Oct 1892 | A |
720296 | Straub | Feb 1903 | A |
784979 | Bruce | Mar 1905 | A |
801409 | Smith | Oct 1905 | A |
824544 | Hossege | Jun 1906 | A |
936438 | Fitz Gerald | Oct 1909 | A |
1025243 | Carpenter et al. | May 1912 | A |
1158633 | Carpenter et al. | Nov 1915 | A |
1196930 | Carpenter et al. | Sep 1916 | A |
1320828 | Bilbrough | Nov 1919 | A |
1322414 | Elkins | Nov 1919 | A |
1480147 | Brandt | Jan 1924 | A |
1596944 | Philbrook | Aug 1926 | A |
1604590 | McNulty | Oct 1926 | A |
1612959 | Zifferer | Jan 1927 | A |
1772062 | Zifferer | Aug 1930 | A |
1773838 | Zifferer | Aug 1930 | A |
1898898 | Rowley | Feb 1933 | A |
1906209 | Harding et al. | Apr 1933 | A |
1966899 | McCabe | Jul 1934 | A |
2111357 | Cornell, Jr. | Mar 1938 | A |
2229129 | Riegelman | Jan 1941 | A |
2279090 | Markey | Apr 1942 | A |
2335296 | Miller | Nov 1943 | A |
2339565 | Goldberg et al. | Jan 1944 | A |
2354919 | Lockwood | Aug 1944 | A |
2355742 | Morehouse | Aug 1944 | A |
2356318 | Hayman | Aug 1944 | A |
2361943 | Issoglio et al. | Nov 1944 | A |
2362124 | Ellinwood | Nov 1944 | A |
2370748 | O'Donnell | Mar 1945 | A |
2395745 | King | Feb 1946 | A |
2404531 | Robertson | Jul 1946 | A |
2417741 | Dillon | Mar 1947 | A |
2425033 | Fletcher | Aug 1947 | A |
2442833 | Watkins | Jun 1948 | A |
2469949 | Cantrell | May 1949 | A |
2539783 | Kirk, Jr. | Jan 1951 | A |
2676036 | Arrowood | Apr 1954 | A |
D172741 | Cooper | Aug 1954 | S |
2705158 | Risley | Mar 1955 | A |
2712167 | Blanchard | Jul 1955 | A |
2854924 | Ault et al. | Oct 1958 | A |
2861762 | Gunthel, Jr. | Nov 1958 | A |
2890848 | Johnson, Jr. | Jun 1959 | A |
2908061 | Adams | Oct 1959 | A |
2937226 | Kaminski, Jr. et Al. | May 1960 | A |
2937835 | Csmereka | May 1960 | A |
D188377 | Martin | Jul 1960 | S |
D190680 | Sakhnoffsky | Jun 1961 | S |
3128073 | Berlyn | Apr 1964 | A |
3156489 | Deringer | Nov 1964 | A |
3186051 | Waddell | Jun 1965 | A |
3188030 | Fischer | Jun 1965 | A |
3244388 | Coffman | Apr 1966 | A |
3266761 | Walton et al. | Aug 1966 | A |
3273837 | Willert et al. | Sep 1966 | A |
3292221 | Baugh | Dec 1966 | A |
3330517 | Zimmermann | Jul 1967 | A |
3334938 | Sentz | Aug 1967 | A |
3376003 | Zimmermann | Apr 1968 | A |
3382630 | Chivers | May 1968 | A |
3523667 | Guerrero | Aug 1970 | A |
3523668 | Logsdon | Aug 1970 | A |
3530899 | Breeding | Sep 1970 | A |
3531071 | Kubli | Sep 1970 | A |
3539137 | March | Nov 1970 | A |
3559910 | Babb | Feb 1971 | A |
3565375 | Babb | Feb 1971 | A |
3572662 | Weaver | Mar 1971 | A |
3575214 | Bindel | Apr 1971 | A |
3582029 | Moesta | Jun 1971 | A |
3606218 | Enlund et al. | Sep 1971 | A |
3633947 | Nelson | Jan 1972 | A |
3695563 | Evans | Oct 1972 | A |
3800370 | Courtright | Apr 1974 | A |
3848839 | Tillman | Nov 1974 | A |
3851979 | Becker | Dec 1974 | A |
3856246 | Sinko | Dec 1974 | A |
3888439 | Tuttle | Jun 1975 | A |
3914100 | Guskea | Oct 1975 | A |
3944175 | Kearney | Mar 1976 | A |
4004766 | Long | Jan 1977 | A |
4025131 | Bergquist et al. | May 1977 | A |
4043333 | Munsch | Aug 1977 | A |
D247420 | Reynolds | Mar 1978 | S |
4121796 | Forbes | Oct 1978 | A |
4134563 | Pollono | Jan 1979 | A |
4146203 | Williams | Mar 1979 | A |
4180286 | Ginter, Jr. | Dec 1979 | A |
4202520 | Loos et al. | May 1980 | A |
4219051 | D'Haeyer | Aug 1980 | A |
4262869 | Menshen | Apr 1981 | A |
4270250 | Schön | Jun 1981 | A |
D263415 | Roche | Mar 1982 | S |
4388749 | Sassak | Jun 1983 | A |
4397437 | Madej | Aug 1983 | A |
4411460 | Beal | Oct 1983 | A |
4415188 | Ginter, Jr. | Nov 1983 | A |
4442990 | Krueger | Apr 1984 | A |
4444370 | Krueger | Apr 1984 | A |
D273938 | Piper | May 1984 | S |
4478381 | Pittion et al. | Oct 1984 | A |
4506418 | Viola et al. | Mar 1985 | A |
4552390 | Calmettes | Nov 1985 | A |
D283486 | Fogel et al. | Apr 1986 | S |
4595162 | Matsumura et al. | Jun 1986 | A |
4618114 | McFarland | Oct 1986 | A |
4653542 | Tascher | Mar 1987 | A |
4666109 | Fallon et al. | May 1987 | A |
4699177 | Thomas | Oct 1987 | A |
4728071 | Salacuse | Mar 1988 | A |
4765577 | Collins | Aug 1988 | A |
4784363 | Brown et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
4858860 | Richards | Aug 1989 | A |
4912287 | Ono et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
D307541 | Tres | May 1990 | S |
4930732 | Hardtke | Jun 1990 | A |
D309094 | Donis et al. | Jul 1990 | S |
5007604 | Richards | Apr 1991 | A |
5014940 | Sherman | May 1991 | A |
5048776 | Weiss | Sep 1991 | A |
5098047 | Plumley | Mar 1992 | A |
5112031 | Hynds et al. | May 1992 | A |
5154382 | Hoshino | Oct 1992 | A |
5165453 | Walker, Jr. | Nov 1992 | A |
5192039 | Williams | Mar 1993 | A |
5205022 | Norton | Apr 1993 | A |
5215281 | Sherman | Jun 1993 | A |
5221064 | Hodges | Jun 1993 | A |
5240294 | Corcoran | Aug 1993 | A |
D339737 | Hostetler | Sep 1993 | S |
5269486 | Hufford | Dec 1993 | A |
5271588 | Doyle | Dec 1993 | A |
D344672 | Current | Mar 1994 | S |
5305978 | Current | Apr 1994 | A |
5350141 | Perrault et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5377939 | Kirma | Jan 1995 | A |
5381833 | Cummings | Jan 1995 | A |
5395079 | Jensen et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
5404914 | Ziu | Apr 1995 | A |
5443232 | Kesinger et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
5503353 | Degand | Apr 1996 | A |
5518351 | Peil | May 1996 | A |
5542631 | Bruno | Aug 1996 | A |
5553975 | Elkins | Sep 1996 | A |
D376974 | Chen | Dec 1996 | S |
5593115 | Lewis | Jan 1997 | A |
5617820 | Beardmore et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5639993 | Ideno et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5651519 | Goodrich et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
D382195 | Ekern | Aug 1997 | S |
5743302 | McNeely | Apr 1998 | A |
5779283 | Kimura et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
D396801 | Petty | Aug 1998 | S |
5794897 | Jobin et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5816736 | Kroulik | Oct 1998 | A |
5832164 | Miekis | Nov 1998 | A |
5845037 | Miekis | Dec 1998 | A |
5865474 | Takahashi | Feb 1999 | A |
5873522 | Roberts | Feb 1999 | A |
5876000 | Ismert | Mar 1999 | A |
5885034 | Fergusson | Mar 1999 | A |
D408727 | Sherman | Apr 1999 | S |
5906341 | Brown | May 1999 | A |
5931423 | Heideloff | Aug 1999 | A |
5971663 | Brothers | Oct 1999 | A |
5979839 | Horn et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5984243 | Pfaller et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5992802 | Campbell | Nov 1999 | A |
D422204 | Holloway et al. | Apr 2000 | S |
6079673 | Cox | Jun 2000 | A |
6102341 | Ball | Aug 2000 | A |
6105216 | Opperthauser | Aug 2000 | A |
6126119 | Giangrasso | Oct 2000 | A |
6126122 | Ismert | Oct 2000 | A |
6142428 | Kamata et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6145896 | Vitel et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6146050 | Marshall | Nov 2000 | A |
6161589 | Bolotte et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
D436028 | Wagner et al. | Jan 2001 | S |
D438783 | Elliott | Mar 2001 | S |
6234277 | Kaczmarek | May 2001 | B1 |
D448657 | Calvert | Oct 2001 | S |
6301735 | Jartoux et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6349807 | Northup et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6431502 | Goodman | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6460231 | Bourgerie | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6536717 | Parker | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6669150 | Benoit et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
D485159 | Junkers | Jan 2004 | S |
6685144 | Wochnick | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6691742 | Cooper | Feb 2004 | B1 |
D489000 | Ellery | Apr 2004 | S |
6761189 | Berninger et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6799607 | Friedline et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
D499957 | Friedline et al. | Dec 2004 | S |
6848464 | Ransom | Feb 2005 | B2 |
D516415 | Friedline et al. | Mar 2006 | S |
D516416 | Friedline et al. | Mar 2006 | S |
D516903 | Friedline et al. | Mar 2006 | S |
7195038 | Friedline et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
20020000499 | Aoki et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020030144 | Blane et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020066835 | Sentpali et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020088905 | Hansen | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020104930 | Attee | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020113173 | Bass | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020153459 | Maurice | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020158171 | Karlinger | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20030106968 | Terrill et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20050017133 | Wochnick | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050061925 | Kirschner | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050205722 | Krueger | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20060090805 | Friedline et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060090807 | Friedline et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20080053549 | Friedline et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2854924 | Jun 1980 | DE |
3146297 | Jun 1983 | DE |
3233838 | Mar 1984 | DE |
3439418 | May 1986 | DE |
3508251 | Aug 1986 | DE |
19811889 | Sep 1999 | DE |
0567821 | Nov 1993 | EP |
0602456 | Jun 1994 | EP |
0622575 | Nov 1994 | EP |
2572488 | May 1986 | FR |
2631678 | Nov 1989 | FR |
2037921 | Jul 1980 | GB |
2124289 | Feb 1984 | GB |
4-81562 | Mar 1992 | JP |
WO 2005072393 | Aug 2005 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20060090806 A1 | May 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 10931837 | Sep 2004 | US |
Child | 11311552 | US | |
Parent | 10464196 | Jun 2003 | US |
Child | 10931837 | US |