This invention relates to satellite delivery of TCP/IP compatible content. More particularly, this invention relates to a removable insertion card, and method of its use, in a satellite transmission system to provide integrated receiver/routers, with the ability to distribute TCP/IP compatible content into a computer network.
The Internet is an enormous network of computers through which digital information can be sent from one computer to another. The Internet's strength—its high level of interconnectivity—also poses severe problems for the prompt and efficient distribution of voluminous digital information, particularly digitized imaging, audio, or video information.
Internet service providers (ISP's) have attempted to accelerate the speed of delivery of content to Internet users by delivering Internet content (e.g., TCP/IP packets) to the user through a satellite broadcast system. One such system is the direct-to-home (“DTH”) satellite delivery system such as that offered in connection with the mark, “DirecPC.” In these DTH types of systems, each subscriber or user of the system must have: (i) access to a satellite dish; (ii) a satellite receiver connected to the satellite dish and mounted in the user's PC; and (iii) an Internet back channel in order to request information from Internet Web sites.
The DTH system is thus quite costly, since each user must have its own receiver and connection to a satellite dish. The DTH system is also somewhat difficult to deploy since the satellite receiver is mounted in each DTH user's PC.
The DTH system also does not take advantage of any pre-existing satellite systems, and it often is a single carrier system, dedicated to the delivery of Internet content to the user. It does not allow the user flexibility to receive, much less distribute to others, other types of services, such as non-Internet radio broadcast or faxing services for example. The DTH systems also typically modify the IP packets at the head end, thus introducing significant processing delay through the need to reconstruct packets on the receiving end.
DTH systems may also utilize the DVB standard, in which event the system might broadcast other services. DVB systems, however, utilize a statistical data carrier. For this and other reasons, the DVB systems often cause significant additional delay due to the need to reconstruct packets from the statistically multiplexed carrier sent through the DVB system.
The DTH system is also typically quite limited in its bandwidth capabilities. The consumer DirecPC system, for example, is limited to 440 kbps, thus limiting its effectiveness as a reliable, flexible, and quick distribution vehicle for Internet content, particularly voluminous content, to all users of the system through the one carrier.
Another system used by ISP's and others to deliver Internet content through satellites is the use of commercial or professional quality satellite receivers in conjunction with traditional routers connected into an ISP LAN or similar LAN for delivery of the received content through its LAN to its subscribers either on the LAN or through modems and telecommunications lines interconnecting the modems. (See Prior Art FIG. 3.) These types of separate receiver-and-router satellite systems have typically required use of traditional satellite data receivers with integrated serial, often RS-422 types, of interface or data outputs. The data output is connected into the router, which then converts the data into Ethernet compatible output and routes and outputs the Ethernet onto the LAN.
The applicant has discovered that these prior art data receiver and separate router systems present several problems. For example, the traditional data receivers are relatively inflexible and support only one or two services; and the use of a separate router is expensive. In addition, these types of systems usually employ a DVB transport mechanism, which is not well suited to transmitting Internet and similar types of content for a number of reasons. One reason is that, as noted above, the DVB transport protocol and mechanism add substantial delays into the system. Another is that, as the applicant has discovered, the DVB transport mechanism utilizes excessive amounts of bandwidth.
The applicants have invented an Ethernet/Router card, method of its use in a satellite receiver, and overall TCP/IP compatible satellite transmission system. The Ethernet/Router card enables the satellite receiver to provide the service of receiving a broadcast of TCP/IP compatible information or content, and route and output the information or content in Ethernet format directly onto a LAN or other Ethernet computer connection. The Ethernet/Router card preferably includes an internal router and is preferably compatible with protocols, including UDP and SMTP, which enable the card to properly route the TCP/IP compatible content onto the LAN or other Ethernet computer connection.
The Ethernet/Router card also preferably includes one or more serial outputs or ports in order to provide data services or connectivity in addition to that provided through the Ethernet port. The Ethernet/Router card preferably is removably insertable, and hot swappable, into a slot in the satellite receiver.
The applicant's satellite transmission system, and particularly its Ethernet/Router card, are preferably adapted to process each IP packet as an entire block, eliminating the need to break up or reconstruct packets of IP data at the receiving end. The preferred systems thus speeds up the processing, reception, and distribution of the IP data through the system.
There are other aspects and features of the invention that will become apparent as the specification proceeds. It is to be understood, however, that the scope of the invention is to be determined according to the accompanying claims.
It is an object of the invention to distribute TCP/IP compatible content by satellite.
It is an advantage of the present invention that it provides an Ethernet/router card that can be mounted in a satellite receiver quickly, easily, and economically.
It is another advantage of the present invention that it provides a satellite receiver with the capability of receiving TCP/IP compatible content and routing and distributing it onto a LAN or other computer network without need for a router to route the content onto the LAN or network.
It is still another advantage that the preferred card is hot swappable and may be removed from the receiver without interfering with any other services provided by the receiver.
It is still another advantage of the present invention that the preferred card can be used in a receiver that can deliver other services, through other cards, in addition to those provided by the present invention itself.
A still further advantage is that it provides satellite distribution of TCP/IP compatible content the need for each PC receiving the content through the receiver to have its own dish or its own satellite receiver.
An additional advantage is that the present invention provides satellite TCP/IP distribution to PC's without having a satellite receiver being mounted in a PC and subject to the instability of the PC environment.
Yet an additional advantage is that the present card can preferably provide data services in addition to delivery of Internet content. Another advantage is that the satellite receiver in which the card is inserted preferably can provide yet additional services through other cards inserted in slots in the receiver.
Another advantage is that existing networks of satellite receivers can be adapted to deliver Internet services by mere insertion of the present cards in the receivers, without having to replace the existing networks.
It is also an advantage of the present invention that the present system and insertion card preferably provides the ability to deliver TCP/IP content to Ethernet LAN's without need for custom software.
Another advantage of the present invention is that, both the overall system and the Ethernet/Router card in particular, process IP packets without modification or separation of the contents of the packets. The applicants' satellite transmission system and the present Ethernet/Router card are thus easier to implement; and since they process each IP packet as an entire block with no need to reconstruct packets on the receiving end, the system and the Ethernet/Router card more quickly process and route the IP packets from the head end to an associated LAN on the receiving end.
There are many other objects and advantages of the present invention. They will become apparent as the specification proceeds. It is to be understood, however, that the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the accompanying claims and not by whether any given embodiment achieves all objects or advantages set forth herein.
The applicants' preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawings wherein:
Referring now to
In the applicants' preferred system 10, the TCP/IP content flow is as follows:
As a result, high bandwidth data can quickly move through the preferred satellite system 10 from the content server 18 through the one-way satellite connection 20 to the receiving PC, e.g., 14. Low bandwidth data, such as Internet user requests for web pages, audio, video, etc., is sent from the remote receiving PC, e.g., 14, through the inherently problematic but established Internet infrastructure 38, to the content server 18. Thus, as client PC's, e.g., 14, 16, request data, the preferred system 10 automatically routes the requested data (provided by the content server 12) through the higher bandwidth satellite 20 transmission system to the StarGuide® II Receiver and its associated Ethernet/Router card(s) 34 for distribution to the PC's 14, 16 without going through the Internet 38 infrastructure.
Referring now to
The intranet system 42 of
The local modem 46 is connected to the content server 18 or to a head-end LAN on which the server 18 resides. The two modems 44, 46 thus provide a TCP/IP backchannel to transfer TCP/IP data and requests from PC's 14, 16 on the remote LAN (which could also be a WAN) 12 to the content server 18.
Referring now to
Each of the Multiplexers, e.g., 24a, output up to 8 Mbps through an RS-422 port and compatible connection to an MPEG-DVB modulator, e.g., 58. The modulators, e.g., 58, in turn feed their modulated output to a 1:1 modulator redundancy switch 60 and deliver a modulated RF signal at 70 to 140 MHz for transmission through the satellite (20 in
With reference now to
The LAN 12 may also be connected to traditional LAN and WAN components, such as local content servers 64, 66, router(s), e.g., 36, and remote access server(s), e.g., 68, in addition to the LAN-based PC's, e.g., 14, 16. In this WAN configuration, yet additional remotely connected PC's 70, 72, may dial-in or be accessed on conventional telecommunications lines, such as POTS lines through a public switching telco network (PTSN) 71 to procure TCP/IP or other content acquired by the remote access server 68, including TCP/IP content delivered to access server 68 according to addressing to a remotely connected PC, e.g., 70, of packets in the Ethernet data stream output of the Ethernet/Router card (34 in
With reference now to
Alternatively and with reference now to
Referring now to
With continuing reference to
The Ethernet transmitter 100 provides Ethernet output 120 (including the TCP/IP packets for distribution by the card 34 to the LAN (12 in
The command processor 108 optionally outputs commands 110 to, and receives as input responses 112 received from, an RS-232 M&C port 114 on the card 34. The command processor also: (i) optionally exchanges commands 111 and responses 113 with at least one auxiliary RS-232 port 115; (ii) optionally provides command output 114, and receives input responses 116 from, a modem communication processor 118; and (iii) outputs responses 136 to the Ethernet transmitter 100 when necessary to assure complete receipt of all TCP/IP data packets for users on the LAN (12 in
All processing shown in
With reference now to
With reference now to
The user can configure the static route table to pass individual addresses or groups of addresses using a destination address and address mask. The incoming packet's address is logically AND'd (joined) with the table entry's mask, and if the result is equal to the table entry's destination address, the packet is passed to the Ethernet output port 122.
For example, if any entry in the static route table on the card 34 is set to be: Destination Address: 100.1.3.0; Mask: 255.2555.255.0, then any packets in the address range 100.1.3.0 to 100.1.3.255 will be passed to the Ethernet port 122.
The type of filtering used depends on the type of packet received. If the packet's IP destination address is a multicast address, then the filtering performed is IGMP if it is enabled. If the destination address is a unicast address and the packet is an IP packet, static route table filtering is utilized if it is enabled. The filtering modes can be enabled and disabled independently. If both modes are disabled, all incoming IP packets will be passed out the Ethernet port.
Packets received through HDLC depacketizer 96 are routed through the Ethernet/Router based on their destination IP address. Possible destinations include the command processor 108, as noted above, one of the external asynchronous auxiliary interfaces 144, 115. Commands can be routed to the command processor 108 through packets that are encapsulated with either a Telnet or SNMP protocol. Either protocol allows a user to monitor or configure the Ethernet/Router card 34. If the destination address of the packet received corresponds to either of the auxiliary ports 144, 115 (or a route established through these ports 144, 115), then the packet will be forwarded through the appropriate port 144, 115. This allows the auxiliary ports 144, 115 to provide a backchannel to the head end server (18 in
The modem communication processor 118 can thus include modem protocols so that it can access the modem, have it dial phone numbers, and make a connection with the head-end LAN (19 in
With continuing reference to
Protocols supported by the preferred Ethernet/Router card include IGMPv2 Multicasting (querier and non querier modes), standard TCP/IP (including UDP and Telnet), and SNMP. The preferred Ethernet/Router card thus provides a relatively economical means of upgrading an existing StarGuide® satellite transmission network, and even when deployed with one or more new StarGuide® II Receivers, provides an integrated satellite receiver/router that is much easier to utilize, much more versatile, and significantly less expensive than the conventional, separate receiver and router systems.
In this regard, it should also be noted that the StarGuide® Multiplexer, VBNMS, and Receiver allow for the transmission bandwidth or frequency of the system (e.g., 10 in
The preferred receiver/router eliminates the need for any special or custom software while providing a powerful, reliable, and flexible system for high speed, asymmetrical distribution of Internet or TCP/IP compatible content, including bandwidth intensive audio, video, or multimedia content, to an Ethernet computer network. This is particularly useful where a digital infrastructure is lacking, overburdened, otherwise inadequate, or cost prohibitive.
Although in the above detailed description, the applicants' preferred embodiments include Internet or telecommunications backchannels, the above system may be utilized to provide high speed audio or video multicasting (via UDP packets and deletion of the backchannel). In this utilization of the applicant's receiver/router in a one-way system from the uplink to the receiver/router, all remote LAN's or other connected computers receive the same data broadcast without any interference to the broadcast such as would be encountered if it were to be sent through the Internet backbone. In addition, because the StarGuide® Multiplexer, VBNMS, and Receiver provide for bandwidth on demand, such a multicasting system also provides the flexibility to readily scale bandwidth utilization on the satellite as the bandwidth demands of the multicasted content grow.
It is to be understood that the foregoing is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The scope of the invention, however, is to be determined by reference to the accompanying claims.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/627,365, filed Jul. 28, 2000, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/287,200, entitled “Satellite Receiver/Router, System, and Method of Use”, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,160,797 which claims priority to two prior provisional U.S. patent applications: (a) Ser. No. 60/080,530, filed Apr. 3, 1998, entitled “Ethernet Satellite Delivery Apparatus”; and (b) Ser. No. 60/105,878, filed Oct. 27, 1998, entitled “Ethernet Satellite Delivery Apparatus”. The disclosures of each of such provisional and utility applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3626295 | Sabrui | Dec 1971 | A |
3898376 | Nabeyama et al. | Aug 1975 | A |
4130730 | Ostrowski | Dec 1978 | A |
D264691 | Volkland et al. | Jun 1982 | S |
4346262 | Willems et al. | Aug 1982 | A |
D267249 | Fukushima et al. | Dec 1982 | S |
4494238 | Groth | Jan 1985 | A |
D277569 | Georgopulos | Feb 1985 | S |
4544950 | Tu | Oct 1985 | A |
D281974 | Suzuki et al. | Dec 1985 | S |
RE32124 | Atal | Apr 1986 | E |
4624012 | Lin et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
4641343 | Holland et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
D289616 | Imazeki | May 1987 | S |
D291443 | Pedinielli et al. | Aug 1987 | S |
4720873 | Goodman et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
4725886 | Galumbeck et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
4731783 | Fontanes | Mar 1988 | A |
4763321 | Calvignac et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
4821260 | Klank et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
4831624 | McLaughlin et al. | May 1989 | A |
4907277 | Callens et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
4916539 | Galumbeck | Apr 1990 | A |
4972484 | Theile et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
5111292 | Kuriacose et al. | May 1992 | A |
5132992 | Yurt et al. | Jul 1992 | A |
5144431 | Citta et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5151998 | Capps | Sep 1992 | A |
5161210 | Druyvesteyn et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
5214708 | McEachern | May 1993 | A |
5239540 | Rovira et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
5253275 | Yurt et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5282028 | Johnson et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
5282202 | Bernstein et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
5287351 | Wall, Jr. et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
5301363 | Hinderks | Apr 1994 | A |
5305440 | Morgan et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5319707 | Wasilewski et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5325423 | Lewis | Jun 1994 | A |
5333155 | Dambacher | Jul 1994 | A |
D349503 | Roy | Aug 1994 | S |
5341457 | Hall, II et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
D350544 | Sakuta et al. | Sep 1994 | S |
5349699 | Erben et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5375068 | Palmer et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5381412 | Otani | Jan 1995 | A |
5388182 | Benedetto et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5389965 | Kuzma | Feb 1995 | A |
5392066 | Fisher et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5392353 | Morales | Feb 1995 | A |
5394561 | Freeburg | Feb 1995 | A |
5396497 | Veltman | Mar 1995 | A |
5403639 | Belsan et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5404567 | DePietro et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5406558 | Rovira et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5414773 | Handelman | May 1995 | A |
5432907 | Picazo, Jr. et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
5440336 | Buhro et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
5455570 | Cook et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5461619 | Citta et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5463424 | Dressler | Oct 1995 | A |
5479447 | Chow et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5490136 | Sereno et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5490233 | Kovacevic | Feb 1996 | A |
5493339 | Birch et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5493647 | Miyasaka et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5495554 | Edwards et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5508949 | Konstantinides | Apr 1996 | A |
5515107 | Chiang et al. | May 1996 | A |
5528725 | Hui | Jun 1996 | A |
5530655 | Lokhoff et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
5534913 | Majeti et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5535300 | Hall, II et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5550863 | Yurt et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
D373767 | Hinderks | Sep 1996 | S |
5557334 | Legate | Sep 1996 | A |
5557724 | Sampat et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5559549 | Hendricks et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5566209 | Forssen et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5581653 | Todd | Dec 1996 | A |
5583962 | Davis et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5586121 | Moura et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5588024 | Takano | Dec 1996 | A |
5590108 | Mitsuno et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5594490 | Dawson et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
5606668 | Shwed | Feb 1997 | A |
5608446 | Carr et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5633981 | Davis | May 1997 | A |
5659615 | Dillon | Aug 1997 | A |
5659877 | Enomoto et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
5675575 | Wall, Jr. et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
5694334 | Donahue et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5694490 | Howell et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5694546 | Reisman | Dec 1997 | A |
5699411 | Becker et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5706335 | Hinderks | Jan 1998 | A |
5713075 | Threadgill et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
5727002 | Miller et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
5732078 | Arango | Mar 1998 | A |
5732216 | Logan et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
5737739 | Shirley et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5751356 | Suzuki | May 1998 | A |
5754139 | Turcotte et al. | May 1998 | A |
5757916 | MacDoran et al. | May 1998 | A |
5778187 | Monteiro et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5778372 | Cordell et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5781909 | Logan et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5809145 | Slik et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5818441 | Throckmorton et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5818845 | Moura et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5828655 | Moura et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5828839 | Moncreiff | Oct 1998 | A |
5835726 | Shwed et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5838906 | Doyle et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5841979 | Schulhof et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5842125 | Modzelesky et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5848386 | Motoyama | Dec 1998 | A |
5852721 | Dillon et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5862325 | Reed et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
5881131 | Farris et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5893091 | Hunt et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5894554 | Lowery et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5915207 | Dao et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5968129 | Dillon et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5987480 | Donohue et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5991292 | Focsaneanu | Nov 1999 | A |
5991306 | Burns et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5991596 | Cunningham et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5995725 | Dillon | Nov 1999 | A |
5995726 | Dillon | Nov 1999 | A |
6002720 | Yurt et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6006173 | Wiese et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6011548 | Thacker | Jan 2000 | A |
6016388 | Dillon | Jan 2000 | A |
6018764 | Field et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6021307 | Chan | Feb 2000 | A |
6023345 | Bloomfield | Feb 2000 | A |
6034689 | White et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6038594 | Puente et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6041295 | Hinderks | Mar 2000 | A |
6041359 | Birdwell | Mar 2000 | A |
6049551 | Hinderks et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6055244 | Wall, Jr. et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6078961 | Mourad et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6085235 | Clarke, Jr. et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6094427 | Yi | Jul 2000 | A |
6094671 | Chase et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6101180 | Donahue et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6115750 | Dillon et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6128374 | Hinderks | Oct 2000 | A |
6144702 | Yurt et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6160797 | Robert, III et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6161141 | Dillon | Dec 2000 | A |
6185409 | Threadgill et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6185427 | Krasner et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6188689 | Katsube et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6201797 | Leuca et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6205473 | Thomasson et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6212201 | Hinderks et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6262982 | Donahue et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6266339 | Donahue et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6272338 | Modzelesky et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6272341 | Threadgill et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6301463 | Dao et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6310893 | Yuan et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6321268 | Dillon et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6338131 | Dillon | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6351727 | Wiese et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6351728 | Wiese et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6359882 | Robles et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6360172 | Burfeind et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6366776 | Wright et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6373927 | Hinderks | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6377981 | Ollikainen et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6385647 | Willis et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6411607 | Robert, III et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6411616 | Donahue et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6411806 | Garner et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6415329 | Gelman et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6430233 | Dillon et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6441782 | Kelly et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6445777 | Clark | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6466569 | Wright et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6473793 | Dillon et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6490551 | Wiese et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6498937 | Smith | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6501423 | Kelly et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6512749 | Wright et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6519651 | Dillon | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6526580 | Shimomura et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6529477 | Toporek et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6529731 | Modzelesky et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6546488 | Dillon et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6560221 | Hara et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6571296 | Dillon | May 2003 | B1 |
6584082 | Willis et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6584083 | Toporek et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6604146 | Rempe et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6618398 | Marchetti et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6636721 | Threadgill et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6963590 | Mann et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
20010000457 | Hinderks et al. | Apr 2001 | A1 |
20010038686 | Hinderks | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20020082827 | Wiese | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020105955 | Roberts, III et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020177914 | Chase | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020194364 | Chase et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
744624 | Oct 2000 | AU |
2199360 | Jun 2001 | CA |
33 13 841 | Oct 1984 | DE |
34 40 613 | Apr 1986 | DE |
36 38 922 | May 1988 | DE |
36 45 150 | May 1988 | DE |
42 37 366 | May 1994 | DE |
0 139 803 | May 1985 | EP |
0 174 636 | Mar 1986 | EP |
0 271 805 | Jun 1988 | EP |
0 343 792 | Nov 1989 | EP |
0 372 601 | Jun 1990 | EP |
0 510 247 | Aug 1991 | EP |
0 510 247 | Aug 1991 | EP |
63-128829 | Jun 1988 | JP |
63-240228 | Oct 1988 | JP |
1-188043 | Jul 1989 | JP |
1-309489 | Dec 1989 | JP |
3-278730 | Dec 1991 | JP |
4-134995 | May 1992 | JP |
5-103233 | Apr 1993 | JP |
6-276169 | Sep 1993 | JP |
5227164 | Sep 1993 | JP |
5-290442 | Nov 1993 | JP |
7-154347 | Nov 1993 | JP |
6-133220 | May 1994 | JP |
6-141005 | May 1994 | JP |
7-153243 | Jun 1995 | JP |
11-103292 | Apr 1999 | JP |
11-289528 | Oct 1999 | JP |
2000-115047 | Apr 2000 | JP |
2000-251407 | Sep 2000 | JP |
2003-116114 | Apr 2003 | JP |
WO 8909965 | Oct 1989 | WO |
WO 9210040 | Jun 1992 | WO |
WO 9212599 | Jul 1992 | WO |
WO 9217948 | Oct 1992 | WO |
WO 9302412 | Feb 1993 | WO |
WO 9309631 | May 1993 | WO |
WO 9523493 | Aug 1995 | WO |
WO 9608095 | Mar 1996 | WO |
WO 9632710 | Oct 1996 | WO |
WO 9632805 | Oct 1996 | WO |
WO 9707606 | Feb 1997 | WO |
WO 9709801 | Mar 1997 | WO |
WO 9748051 | Dec 1997 | WO |
WO 9815887 | Apr 1998 | WO |
WO 9820724 | May 1998 | WO |
WO 0025482 | May 2000 | WO |
WO 02069073 | Sep 2002 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20040136333 A1 | Jul 2004 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60105878 | Oct 1998 | US | |
60080530 | Apr 1998 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 09627365 | Jul 2000 | US |
Child | 10404645 | US | |
Parent | 09287200 | Apr 1999 | US |
Child | 09627365 | US |