The invention relates generally to an apparatus for setting the cutting depth of a saw, and more particularly to an instrument for setting the cutting depth of a table saw.
The table saw is one of the most common and versatile pieces of woodworking equipment. A typical table saw consists of a saw blade mounted on an arbor and driven by a motor. The blade protrudes through the surface of a table, which provides support for the material being cut.
The depth of the cut often must be set precisely, particularly when cutting a dado or rabbet. In a typical table saw, the depth of the cut is varied by adjusting the blade height: the distance that the cutting edge of the blade protrudes above the table surface. The higher the blade protrudes above the surface, the deeper the cut. In some table saws, the blade and arbor are fixed and the table is moved up and down. In other table saws, the table is fixed and the blade and arbor are moved up and down. The angle of the cut is typically controlled by adjusting the angle of the blade relative to the table.
An operator may control the height of the blade by rotating a control handle, usually in the form of a disk or wheel, which drives a mechanism to lower or raise the saw blade relative to the table. The control handle is commonly mounted on an axle. Typically, table saws present no means for communicating the height of the blade above the table to the operator. Setting the blade height tends to be more difficult for table saws than other machine tools because the relationship between a given rotation of the control handle and a change in the blade height is not constant.
Commonly, the operator will measure the height of the saw blade using one of a variety of devices. One such device is a height gauge which functions much like a caliper, where one leg sits upon the surface of the table and the other sits upon the upper edge of the saw blade. The height is displayed on a dial. Another such device is a calibrated fence. A fence is a movable guide that is used to guide material to be cut through the saw blade. When the saw is stopped, the calibrated fence may be placed next to the blade and the height of the blade adjusted against a scale inscribed in the surface of the fence. Similar devices include scales, tape measures, or step blocks. It is common to have to make several adjustments to get precise results using these devices.
When using any of these devices, the saw must be stopped for the operator to safely read the height of the saw blade. Stopping the saw and applying an external measurement device to measure the height of the blade is both time consuming and prone to error. Furthermore, there is an incentive for an operator to sacrifice safety and adjust the saw blade while it is still spinning.
Another common method is to make a trial cut in a scrap piece of wood. Using this method, the operator makes repeated cuts in a scrap piece, making fine adjustments between each cut and measuring the result. This method is awkward, time consuming, and imprecise.
Accordingly, there is a need for an easy to use way to adjust the height of the saw blade accurately and to make fine height adjustments while the saw is spinning. Furthermore, any adjustment device should be inexpensive and easy to install.
The same needs exists for many machine tools, such as routers. In a table saw, the blade depth is directly related to the cutting depth. In other tools, the cutting depth is indirectly related to the distance from the cutting edge to the table, but the principle problems are the same. Throughout this specification, cutting depth and blade height are used interchangeably when referring to table saws.
An embodiment of the invention includes a calibrated disk that is positioned behind the control handle that raises and lowers the saw blade. The calibrated disk has marks inscribed in the surface and may be rotated independently of the handle to “zero” the dial. When the saw is not operating, the saw blade is typically “parked” in a position where the blade is below the top surface of the table. In operation, the control handle is rotated to raise the saw blade level with the top surface of the table. With the control handle held motionless, the disk is rotated until the zero reference mark is opposite an alignment mark. The control handle is then rotated until a reference line on the disk corresponding to the desired height is opposite the alignment mark. The disk may be frictionally secured to the axle so that it rotates with the axle while making a height adjustment, yet may be manually zeroed.
The calibrated disk may be added to an existing table saw or tool merely by removing the control handle, which generally requires removal of only one set screw. The calibrated disk may be quickly and easily installed on the control axle, and the control handle re-installed.
The purpose of the foregoing summary is to enable the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and especially the scientists, engineers, and practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection, the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of the application. The summary is neither intended to define the invention of the application, which is measured by the claims, nor is it intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.
Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description wherein only the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated by carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of modification in various obvious respects all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description of the preferred embodiment are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive in nature. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, certain embodiments thereof have been shown in the drawings and will be described below in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed; rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. For example, while embodiments of the present invention were developed for a table saw, the invention is not limited to use with table saw and may be used with other saws, woodworking equipment, or machine tools, such as routers. While the invention is not limited to use with saws, it is expected that various embodiments of the invention will be particularly useful in such devices.
As can be seen in
An embodiment of the invention installed on a table saw is shown in
To make a cut of a given depth, the operator rotates handle 10 until a first desired distance mark 28 is opposite alignment mark 20. After making a first cut, the operator may change the cut depth merely by rotating handle 10 until a second desired distance mark 28 aligns with alignment mark 20. Also, disk 16 may be calibrated so that fine, predictable results may be obtained. In this way, the operator can make a series of cuts of differing depth quickly and easily without stopping rotation of the saw blade. In contrast, using ordinary methods, the operator must stop the saw blade for each cut depth and use a gauge to adjust the saw blade height, or make a series of cuts in a scrap piece using a trial and error method. In table saws, the blade height is a direct proxy for cutting depth; in other machine tools, the distance from the cutting edge to the material support surface sets the cutting depth.
On most saws, control handle 10 must be rotated more than 360 degrees to position the blade to the desired height. In this situation, the desired distance mark 28 will pass by alignment mark 20 one or more times before alignment on the final rotation. The final rotation may be determined by visually examining the height of blade 30. In another embodiment, labels 34 are placed at different radii, each radius corresponding to a different number of rotations of control handle 10 from the zero setting.
On most table saws, unlike many machine tools, the relationship between the rotation of handle 10 and the corresponding change in the height of blade 30 is nonlinear, meaning that the change in the height of blade 30 for a given angle of rotation of handle 10 is not constant; rather, the rate of change varies with the initial height. In some table saws, the arbor is mounted on an arm that rotates about a point to change the position of the arbor; thus, the height of blade 30 depends on the sine of the angle of the arm relative to the material support surface 32. In other saws, the relationship is more complex. In any case, the relationship can be calculated or discovered empirically. The position of marks 28 on disk 16 must be adjusted to accommodate this non-linear relationship, or the marks 28 must be identified with the appropriate labels 34 according to the relationship.
Disk 16 may be opaque or clear, to provide additional ease in aligning a mark 28 with the alignment mark 20. In addition, when disk 16 is clear, other scales and features on the saw behind the handle are visible to the operator. Marks 28 and labels 34 may be etched into the surface of the disk, printed or applied with any means appropriate to make a permanent mark. Labels 34 may contain numeric characters, alphanumeric characters, symbols or glyphs.
Friction collar 26 may be made of an elastic or fibrous material and may be formed in the shape of an o-ring. Alternatively, friction collar 26 may fit within passageway 22 so that it is captured between the edge of passageway 22 and axle 12.
Spacing collar 24 may be rigidly secured to the control axle 12, as in a ring with a set screw. Alternatively, many table saws are manufactured with a ring rigidly attached to the control axle, and spacing collar 24 may be sized to contact both this ring and disk 16, thus spacing disk 16 away from cabinet 14. In this embodiment, spacing collar 24 may be made with any flexible material and may be slotted so that the spacing collar can be snapped around axle 12 without removing axle 12 from the saw.
Alignment block 18 may be constructed of any suitably durable material and may be affixed to cabinet 14 magnetically or with an adhesive. Alignment mark 20 may be etched, printed or otherwise inscribed in the surface of block 18. Alternatively, alignment block 18 may be replaced by a label adhesively attached to the surface of cabinet 14. In another embodiment, alignment mark 20 may be inscribed directly on the surface of cabinet 14.
In a preferred embodiment, labels 34 on disk 16 may correspond to entries in a table. An example of such a table is shown in
Table 36 may be expanded to accommodate additional rows for different manufacturers of table saws. For example, a first set of rows may contain an 8 inch blade row and a 10 inch blade row for a first manufacturer A, and a second set of rows may contain an 8 inch blade row and a 10 inch blade row for a second manufacturer B. While rows correspond to blade diameter and manufacturer and columns correspond to blade height or cut depth in the exemplary embodiment, any assignment of rows and columns to blade height, blade diameter, and manufacturer may be made to construct table 36.
In another embodiment, disk 16 may be inscribed with a first series of labels displaying numbers corresponding to a particular blade height, and a second series of labels corresponding to entries in table 36.
In some applications, it may be desirable to display the selected cutting depth electronically. In an alternative embodiment, disk 16 may be encoded with electronically readable indicia. In a preferred embodiment, the indicia are printed on disk 16, appearing as electronically readable marks corresponding to distance marks 28. Referring to
While there is shown and described the present preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that this invention is not limited thereto but may be variously embodied to practice within the scope of the following claims. From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.