This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will develop a new ceramic material, yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG), for cutting tools used in the machining of titanium (Ti) alloys. Phase I found it feasible to base a cutting tool on YAG, reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) whiskers and TiC. Phase II will further explore the use of YAG-based composites as a cutting tool for Ti alloys through: 1) optimization of compositions and fabrication parameters to obtain a fully dense composite with uniformly dispersed reinforcement phases; 2) evaluate the optimized composite relative to state-of-the-art materials in machining Ti alloys; and 3) identify wear and failure mechanisms by detailed microstructural characterization of YAG-based composite cutting tools, before and after machining tests.<br/><br/>Potential commercial applications are expected in titanium-alloy machining operations in the aircraft and aerospace industries.