The present disclosure relates generally to the field of construction. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to scaffolding systems.
Scaffolding systems can often require many different components and can be complicated to assemble. For example, numerous braces may be needed in order to form a solid, stable connection between each vertical support and an upper deck of a scaffolding system. Additionally, meeting robust building code requirements adds to the challenge of assembling scaffolding systems.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a scaffolding system includes a plurality of leg assemblies and a plurality of arch assemblies. Each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies includes a top end surface and a bottom end surface. Each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies includes at least one through-hole disposed in a top end portion. Each arch assembly of the plurality of arch assemblies comprises a top chord, a bottom chord, and a plurality of vertical members. The top chord includes a first end and a second end, the bottom chord includes a first end and a second end, and each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members includes a top end and a bottom end. The top chord connects to the top end of each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members and the bottom chord connects to the bottom end of each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members such that the first end of the top chord and the first end of the bottom chord are vertically aligned and the second end of the top chord and second end of the bottom chord are vertically aligned. At least one of the first end of the top chord or the first end of the bottom chord is configured to connect to a first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the at least one through-hole. At least one of the second end of the top chord or the second end of the bottom chord is configured to connect to a second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the at least one through-hole. The plurality of leg assemblies is configured to support a plurality of deck sections.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may include a square horizontal cross-section.
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may include an adjustable height.
In a further aspect of the present disclosure, a central vertical axis of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may be placed at least ten feet apart from the central vertical axis of each remaining leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, each arch assembly may further comprise a panel, wherein the panel includes a top end and a bottom end. The panel may be disposed at a central location of both the top chord and the bottom chord. The top end of the panel may connect to the top chord and the bottom end of the panel may connect to the bottom chord.
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, the bottom end surface of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may define a first horizontal plane. The first end of the bottom chord and the second end of the bottom chord may define a second horizontal plane. A clearance height of at least eight feet may be established beneath each arch assembly of the plurality of arch assemblies between the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane.
In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the first end of the bottom chord and the second end of the bottom chord may define a horizontal plane. The bottom chord may be curved such that a vertex of the bottom chord is located above the horizontal plane at a center point of the bottom chord. Each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members may decrease in vertical length moving from the first end of the bottom chord to the center point of the bottom chord and increase in vertical length moving from the center point of the bottom chord to the second end of the bottom chord.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first end of the top chord may include a first end plate disposed thereon. The second end of the top chord may include a second end plate disposed thereon. The first end of the bottom chord may include a first end plate disposed thereon. The second end of the bottom chord may include a second end plate disposed thereon. At least one of the first end of the top chord or the first end of the bottom chord may connect to the at least one through-hole of the first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via at least one of the first end plate of the top chord or the first end plate of the bottom chord, and at least one of the second end of the top chord or the second end of the bottom chord may connect to the at least one through-hole of the second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via at least one of the second end plate of the top chord or the second end plate of the bottom chord.
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, the at least one through-hole of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may be configured to receive a threaded insert. At least one of the first end of the top chord or the first end of the bottom chord may connect to the first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert. At least one of the second end of the top chord or the second end of the bottom chord may connect to the second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert.
In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the top end surface and bottom end surface of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may be parallel.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of leg assemblies and the plurality of arch assemblies may be arranged in a grid pattern.
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, the scaffolding system may further include a plurality of false ceiling sections, wherein the plurality of arch assemblies may be configured to support the plurality of false ceiling sections.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a scaffolding system includes a plurality of leg assemblies and a plurality of arch assemblies. Each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies includes a top end surface and a bottom end surface, the top end surface and bottom end surface being parallel. Each leg of the plurality of leg assemblies includes an upper through-hole and a lower through-hole disposed in a top end portion. The upper through-hole and the lower through-hole are each configured to receive a threaded insert. Each arch assembly of the plurality of arch assemblies comprises a top chord, a bottom chord, and a plurality of vertical members. The top chord includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the top chord including a first end plate disposed thereon and the second end of the top chord including a second end plate disposed thereon. The bottom chord includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the bottom chord including a first end plate disposed thereon and the second end of the bottom chord including a second end plate disposed thereon. The first end of the bottom chord and the second end of the bottom chord define an upper horizontal plane. Each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members includes a top end and a bottom end. The top chord connects to the top end of each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members and the bottom chord connects to the bottom end of each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members such that the first end plate of the top chord and the first end plate of the bottom chord are vertically aligned and the second end plate of the top chord and second end plate of the bottom chord are vertically aligned. The bottom chord is curved such that a vertex of the bottom chord is located above the upper horizontal plane at a center point of the bottom chord. Each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members decreases in vertical length moving from the first end of the bottom chord to the center point of the bottom chord and increases in vertical length moving from the center point of the bottom chord to the second end of the bottom chord. The first end plate of the top chord is configured to connect to a first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the upper through-hole. The first end plate of the bottom chord is configured to connect to the first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the lower through-hole. The second end plate of the top chord is configured to connect to a second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the upper through-hole. The second end plate of the bottom chord is configured to connect to the second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the lower through-hole. The plurality of leg assemblies is configured to support a plurality of deck sections.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may include a square horizontal cross-section.
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may further comprise a pin assembly, a main tube including a pin through-hole, and a base tube including a plurality of pin through-holes. The pin assembly may be configured to be received by the pin through-hole of the main tube and a pin through-hole of the plurality of pin through-holes of the base tube. A height of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may be adjusted by aligning the pin through-hole of the main tube with a pin through-hole of the plurality of pin through-holes of the base tube, and installing the pin assembly within the pin through-hole of the main tube and the pin through-hole of the plurality of pin through-holes of the base tube.
In a further aspect of the present disclosure, a central vertical axis of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may be placed at least ten feet apart from the central vertical axis of each remaining leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, each arch assembly may further comprise a panel. The panel may include a top end and a bottom end. The panel may be disposed at a central location of both the top chord and the bottom chord, the top end of the panel connecting to the top chord and the bottom end of the panel connecting to the bottom chord.
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, the bottom end surface of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies may define a lower horizontal plane. A clearance height of at least eight feet may be established beneath each arch assembly of the plurality of arch assemblies between the upper horizontal plane and the lower horizontal plane.
In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of leg assemblies and the plurality of arch assemblies may be arranged in a grid pattern.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a scaffolding system includes a plurality of leg assemblies and a plurality of arch assemblies. Each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies includes a top end surface and a bottom end surface, the bottom end surface defining a first horizontal plane. The top end surface and bottom end surface are parallel. Each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies includes a square horizontal cross-section, and an adjustable height. A central vertical axis of each leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies is placed at least ten feet apart from the central vertical axis of each remaining leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies. Each leg of the plurality of leg assemblies includes an upper through-hole and a lower through-hole disposed in a top end portion. The upper through-hole and the lower through-hole are each configured to receive a threaded insert. Each arch assembly of the plurality of arch assemblies comprises a top chord, a bottom chord, a panel, and a plurality of vertical members. The top chord includes a first end and a second end. The first end of the top chord includes a first end plate disposed thereon. The second end of the top chord includes a second end plate disposed thereon. The bottom chord includes a first end and a second end. The first end of the bottom chord includes a first end plate disposed thereon. The second end of the bottom chord includes a second end plate disposed thereon. The first end of the bottom chord and the second end of the bottom chord define a second horizontal plane. The panel includes a top end and a bottom end. Each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members includes a top end and a bottom end. The top chord connects to the top end of each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members and the bottom chord connects to the bottom end of each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members such that the first end plate of the top chord and the first end plate of the bottom chord are vertically aligned and the second end plate of the top chord and second end plate of the bottom chord are vertically aligned. The bottom chord is curved such that a vertex of the bottom chord is located above the second horizontal plane at a center point of the bottom chord. Each vertical member of the plurality of vertical members decreases in vertical length moving from the first end of the bottom chord to the center point of the bottom chord and increases in vertical length moving from the center point of the bottom chord to the second end of the bottom chord. The panel is disposed at a central location of both the top chord and the bottom chord. The top end of the panel connects to the top chord and the bottom end of the panel connects to the bottom chord. The first end plate of the top chord is configured to connect to a first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the upper through-hole. The first end plate of the bottom chord is configured to connect to the first leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the lower through-hole. The second end plate of the top chord is configured to connect to a second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the upper through-hole. The second end plate of the bottom chord is configured to connect to the second leg assembly of the plurality of leg assemblies via the threaded insert of the lower through-hole. A clearance height of at least eight feet is established beneath each arch assembly of the plurality of arch assemblies between the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane. The plurality of leg assemblies and the plurality of arch assemblies are arranged in a grid pattern. The plurality of leg assemblies are configured to support a plurality of deck sections. The plurality of arch assemblies are configured to support a plurality of false ceiling sections.
Further details and aspects of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to the appended drawings.
A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative aspects, in which the principles of the present disclosure are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
Aspects of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the drawings wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements.
Although the present disclosure will be described in terms of specific aspects and examples, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art that various modifications, rearrangements, and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.
For purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to exemplary aspects illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the present disclosure is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the novel features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the present disclosure as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes, the following detailed description is directed to scaffolding systems, which may be in the form of a sidewalk bridge, a pedestrian protection system, an open space and lobby overhead protection system, a work platform and/or the like.
Referring to
Main tube 122 may have upper through-hole(s) 124a and lower through-hole(s) 124b, each disposed through top portion 122b of main tube 122. Main tube 122 may have pin through-hole(s) 124c, disposed through a bottom portion of main tube 122. Main tube 122 may have an elongated through-hole 124d disposed through top portion 122b of main tube 122. Elongated through-hole 124d may be shaped to include a first circle overlapping a second circle. The first circle may have a larger diameter than the second circle. For example, the first circle may be sized to permit passage of a head of a fastener, such as a bolt or a screw. The second circle may be sized to permit passage of a body portion of the fastener, and not the head of the fastener. Other suitable shapes of elongated through-hole 124d are contemplated as well. In aspects, elongated through-hole 124d may be approximately centrally located on main tube 122 between the upper through-holes 124a.
Base tube 132 of leg assembly 120 is sized such that base tube 132 may fit within an interior aperture of main tube 122. That is, base tube 132 may be received within main tube 122. Base tube 132 may have pin through-hole(s) 134, corresponding to pin through-hole 124c of main tube 122, disposed through base tube 132. Main tube 122 may be connected to base tube 132 by aligning pin through-hole 124c of main tube 122 with pin through-hole 134 of base tube 132. Pin through-hole 124c and pin through-hole 134 are each sized to receive one or more pin assemblies 160 therethrough. Each pin assembly 160 may be installed through pin through-hole 124c and pin through-hole 134 to hold main tube 122 and base tube 132 together.
With reference to
Second pin half 166 may include a protrusion 176 toward second end surface 166b of second pin half 166, such that second end surface 166b of second pin half 166 includes a larger diameter than first end surface 166a. Thus, a portion of second pin half 166 may be received within pin through-hole 124c and pin through-hole 134, while the protrusion 176 is larger than pin through-hole 124c and pin through-hole 134 and rests on an exterior surface of main tube 122. In aspects, it is contemplated that rather than including protrusion 176, another washer 172 may be disposed on the second end surface 166b of second pin half 166, such that the washer 172, instead of the protrusion 176, rests on the exterior surface of main tube 122. Washer 172 may be secured in place by another bolt 174.
To install pin assembly 160 within scaffolding system 100, and therefore connect main tube 122 and base tube 132, first pin half 162 is inserted through pin through-hole 124c and pin through-hole 134. Washer 172 is placed onto the first end surface 162a of first pin half 162 such that washer 172 is aligned with through-hole 164 and such that a portion of washer 172 rests on the exterior surface of main tube 122. Bolt 174 may then be inserted through washer 172 and through-hole 164. Second pin half 166 may be inserted through pin through-hole 124c and pin through-hole 134 such that threaded hole 168 is aligned with through-hole 164 and protrusion 176 rests on an exterior surface of main tube 122 that is opposite and parallel to the surface on which washer 172 is seated. Bolt 174 may then be threaded into threaded hole 168 and tightened, holding main tube 122 and base tube 132 together.
Referring back to
In further aspects, there may be two points of connection between main tube 122 and base tube 132. Main tube 122 may have a first pin through-hole 124c disposed through main tube 122 and a second pin through-hole 124c perpendicular to the first pin through-hole 124c disposed at a different height through main tube 122. Base tube 132 may have a first group of pin through-holes 134 disposed through base tube 132 moving from bottom end surface 132b to a midpoint of base tube 132, each corresponding to first pin through-hole 124c. Perpendicular to the first group of pin through-holes 134 and moving from the midpoint of base tube 132 to top end surface 132a, a second group of pin through-holes 134 may be disposed through base tube 132, each corresponding to second pin through-hole 124c. Main tube 122 and base tube 132 may be connected by inserting a first pin assembly 160 through first pin through-hole 124c and a pin through-hole of the first group of pin through-holes 134, then inserting second pin assembly 160 through second pin through-hole 124c and a pin through-hole of the second group of pin through-holes 134.
Once main tube 122 and base tube 132 are connected via pin assembly 160, leg assembly 120 may be stood vertically on a surface (e.g., a ground surface). Bottom surface 136b of base plate 136 is in contact with the surface and forms a first horizontal plane. Base plate 136 may be secured to the surface, such as by mechanical fastening or any other suitable securement technique. Top surface 128a of head plate 128 is parallel to the first horizontal plane.
As noted earlier, main tube 122 includes upper through-hole 124a and lower through-hole 124b disposed through top portion 122b of main tube 122. Each of upper through-hole 124a and lower through-hole 124b may be configured to receive a threaded insert 126. Threaded insert 126 may be comprised of any suitable rigid material such as a metallic material like steel or carbon steel, and may include plating, for example, cadmium plating, to increase corrosion resistance. In aspects, upper through-hole 124a and lower through-hole 124b may be countersunk, and threaded insert 126 may include a countersunk head, such that when threaded insert 126 is received by upper through-hole 124a and lower through-hole 124b, threaded insert 126 is flush with the exterior surface of main tube 122. Threaded insert 126 is threaded, and sized such that bolt 154 may be inserted into threaded insert 126. Threaded insert 126 provides the benefit of ease of assembly and allows for arch assembly 140 to be fastened to leg assembly 120 via bolt 154 without the need to fasten a nut onto bolt 154. Threaded insert 126 additionally provides increased contact between threads of threaded insert 126 and bolt 154, thereby increasing the strength of the connection between threaded insert 126 and bolt 154, and the stability of scaffolding system 100.
With reference to
First end 144a and second end 144b of bottom chord 144 define a second horizontal plane. In aspects, top chord 142 is straight across and bottom chord 144 is curved such that a vertex of bottom chord 144 is located above the second horizontal plane at a center point of the bottom chord 144, e.g., an arch configuration. The arch configuration of bottom chord 144 provides the benefit of enabling the scaffolding system 100 to hold more weight than a straight configuration with parallel horizontal members. Bottom chord 144 may take on other shapes, for example, it is contemplated that bottom chord 144 may be straight across or may be angled in a triangular manner, with the second horizontal plane defining a bottom side of the triangle.
Each vertical member 148 includes a top end 148a and a bottom end 148b. The top end 148a of vertical member 148 is configured to connect to the top chord 142 and the bottom end 148b of vertical member 148 is configured to connect to the bottom chord 144. Vertical member 148 may be connected to top chord 142 and bottom chord 144 using any suitable securement technique such as welding, mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, or the like. It is further contemplated that top chord 142 and bottom chord 144 may each include one or more slots (not shown) such that vertical members 148 may be press-fit into the one or more slots. Vertical members 148 connect at locations of top chord 142 and bottom chord 144 such that first end 142a of top chord 142 and first end 144a of bottom chord 144 are vertically aligned, and such that second end 142b of top chord 142 and second end 144b of bottom chord 144 are vertically aligned.
Vertical members 148 may be connected to top chord 142 and bottom chord 144 in increments moving from first ends 142a, 144a to second ends 142b, 144b. In aspects, when bottom chord 144 is of a curved configuration, each vertical member 148 may decrease in vertical length moving from first end 144a of the bottom chord 144 to the vertex of bottom chord 144. Then, moving from the vertex of bottom chord 144 to second end 144b of bottom chord 144, each vertical member 148 may increase in vertical length. That is, the vertical length of each vertical member 148 moving from first end 144a to second end 144b of bottom chord 144 may change such that each bottom end 148b of vertical member 148 traces a profile of bottom chord 144. Bottom end 148b of each vertical member 148 may be angled to further aid in tracing the profile of bottom chord 144.
In aspects, arch assembly 140 may further include a panel 152. Panel 152 includes a top end 152a and a bottom end 152b. Top end 152a is configured to connect to top chord 142 and bottom end 152b is configured to connect to bottom chord 144. Panel 152 may be connected to top chord 142 and bottom chord 144 using any suitable securement technique such as welding, mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, or the like. It is further contemplated that top chord 142 and bottom chord 144 may each include a slot (not shown) such that panel 152 may be press-fit into the slot. Panel 152 may be disposed at a central location of both top chord 142 and bottom chord 144. Panel 152 may further be bounded by top chord 142, bottom chord 144, and vertical members 148.
In aspects, panel 152 may be removably connected to top chord 142 and bottom chord 144. Panel 152 may be a structural member, or may be used decoratively. For example, panel 152 may display a logo or a pattern. In aspects, the logo or pattern may be printed on, drawn on, painted on, or otherwise applied to panel 152. In further aspects, the logo or pattern may be formed by cutting a portion of panel 152 away, such as by laser cutting. In additional aspects, panel 152 may comprise an electronic display, which may display a logo, pattern, video, or the like.
To assemble scaffolding system 100, bolt 154 is inserted into each through-hole 146a of arch assembly 140, then inserted into each threaded insert 126 disposed in upper through-hole 124a and lower through-hole 124b of leg assembly 120 and tightened. A leg assembly 120 is thus attached at each end of arch assembly 140, with two connection points between arch assembly 140 and each leg assembly 120. With reference to
Alternatively, leg assembly 120 may not include threaded inserts 126. Arch assembly 140 and leg assembly 120 may be connected using a bracket 190, as shown in
To assemble scaffolding system 100, bracket through-holes 192 and elongated through-hole 194 of bracket 190 are first aligned with upper through-holes 124a and elongated through-hole 124d of main tube 122 of leg assembly 120. Bracket 190 may be secured via elongated through-hole 194 using any suitable fastener, such as bolt 154. For example, a head of bolt 154 may be inserted through the first circle of elongated through-hole 124d and elongated through-hole 194. A body portion of bolt 154 may then be slid into the second circle of elongated through-hole 124d and elongated through-hole 194. With the head of bolt 154 captured in an interior area of main tube 122, a nut (not shown) may be threaded onto the body portion of bolt 154, holding bracket 190 and leg assembly 120 together.
With leg assembly 120 and bracket 190 connected, through-holes 146a of arch assembly 140 may be aligned with bracket through-holes 192 of bracket 190 and upper through-holes 124a or lower through-holes 124b of leg assembly 120, and a fastener 198 may be inserted therethrough. The fastener 198 may be a bolt, a headless screw, or any other suitable fastener, and may be secured with a nut (not shown). In aspects, when the first bracket 190 and the second bracket 190 are disposed on the first side and the second side of main tube 122 of leg assembly 120, respectively, fastener 198 may be inserted through both the first bracket 190 and the second bracket 190, such that an arch assembly 140 may be connected to each of the first bracket 190 and the second bracket 190 using the same fastener 198.
Once each end of each arch assembly 140 is connected to a leg assembly 120, in aspects, a central vertical axis of each leg assembly 120 may be at least ten feet apart from the central vertical axis of each remaining leg assembly 120. In further aspects, a clearance height of at least eight feet may be established beneath each arch assembly 140, measured between the first horizontal plane (i.e., the ground surface) and the second horizontal plane. This spacing and clearance height provides the benefit of meeting the requirements defined, for example, in New York City Building Codes 3307.6.4.4 and 3307.6.4.7. In aspects, a false ceiling (e.g., ceiling tile) may removably rest on top chord 142 of each arch assembly 140 (not shown). The false ceiling may be decorative, and may include a logo or pattern.
In aspects, leg assemblies 120 and arch assemblies 140 may be arranged in a grid pattern, where deck 180 may be seated on top end 128a of head plate 128 of each leg assembly 120. Deck 180 may alternatively be mechanically fastened to leg assembly 120. Arch assembly 140 provides superior structural support and aids in distributing a weight of deck 180 throughout scaffolding system 100. In fact, scaffolding system 100 meets and exceeds point load and uniform ratings of about three-hundred pounds-per-square-foot up to about fifteen-foot spans of arch assembly 140.
A single bay configuration of scaffolding system 100 (
Certain aspects of the present disclosure may include some, all, or none of the above advantages and/or one or more other advantages readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the drawings, descriptions, and claims included herein. Moreover, while specific advantages have been enumerated above, the various aspects of the present disclosure may include all, some, or none of the enumerated advantages and/or other advantages not specifically enumerated above.
The aspects disclosed herein are examples of the disclosure and may be embodied in various forms. For instance, although certain aspects herein are described as separate aspects, each of the aspects herein may be combined with one or more of the other aspects herein. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. Like reference numerals may refer to similar or identical elements throughout the description of the figures.
The phrases “in an aspect,” “in aspects,” “in various aspects,” “in some aspects,” or “in other aspects” may each refer to one or more of the same or different example Aspects provided in the present disclosure. A phrase in the form “A or B” means “(A), (B), or (A and B).” A phrase in the form “at least one of A, B, or C” means “(A); (B); (C); (A and B); (A and C); (B and C); or (A, B, and C).”
It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present disclosure. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variances. The aspects described with reference to the attached drawing figures are presented only to demonstrate certain examples of the disclosure. Other elements, steps, methods, and techniques that are insubstantially different from those described above and/or in the appended claims are also intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.