Patent Grant
8540316
This application claims the benefit of German Application Serial No. 10 2008 056 200.9 filed Nov. 6, 2008, contents of which are incorporated herein.
The invention relates to motor vehicle seats and, more specifically, to a scissors-type frame for a vehicle seat and to a method for producing a substructure of a vehicle seat.
Generic scissors-type frames are known from the prior art and have been widely used in particular in the field of motor vehicles. In this field, they serve not only for adjusting the height of a seat in a motor vehicle, but also as a means of suspension for in particular increasing the seating comfort for a vehicle driver and ensuring a good seating comfort for example when the vehicle is moving over uneven ground.
Height-adjustable vehicle seats are often also provided with an air spring, wherein such an air spring can be influenced in terms of its spring effect by means of additional volumes which are usually arranged outside the air spring. By way of example, a required additional air volume can be pumped into a first abutment region of the air spring in order thereby to increase a degree of damping of the spring accordingly and to prevent the air spring from reaching its abutment. In addition or as an alternative, an additional air volume can be removed from an opposite abutment region and can be conveyed if necessary into an additional volume tank. This results in a large number of adjustment possibilities. In the case of such air springs for vehicle seats, therefore, often at least one external additional volume tank is required, which must be connected to the air spring as a separate unit by means of further air connections. Such additional volume tanks must be arranged as additional elements within the vehicle seat and thus take up additional space.
However, due to the desired compression of their parts in order to reduce their space requirement within the vehicle, such height-adjustable vehicle seats are often being designed with an increasingly small base frame, resulting in the problem of the presence of a sufficient amount of space for such an additional volume tank.
It should furthermore be emphasized that previously known scissors-type frames for vehicle seats with relatively large suspensions and relatively large spring travels provided exclusively multiple-component rockers with welded-in axles or tubes for bearing purposes, as a result of which in particular the risk of manufacturing tolerances usually increases.
By way of example, the document DE 10 2006 017 774 A1 discloses a vehicle seat with a height-adjustable seat frame, which comprises at least two seat frame parts that can move relative to one another and at least one gas spring which is arranged between the seat frame parts for the purpose of height adjustment, wherein at least one control device for influencing the gas spring is provided. The control device comprises at least one valve device which is attached to a first seat frame part and which comprises control valves for actuating gas flows for the gas spring, and also a control slide which is provided on a second seat frame part and which is intended for actuating the control valves, so that a pre-settable height of the vehicle seat is ensured regardless of a weight loading of the vehicle seat. This is a vehicle seat in which the control slide can be adjusted relative to the second seat frame part by means of an adjustment device regardless of a relative position of the seat frame parts, so that a movement of the control slide relative to the second seat frame part which is brought about by the adjustment device brings about a height adjustment of the vehicle seat. Therefore, although a height adjustment of the vehicle seat can be achieved in a simple manner, nevertheless the production of such a seat requires a relatively complicated construction comprising numerous components.
From the further document DE 43 35 199 C1 it is known to provide a sprung vehicle seat with a scissors-type frame which comprises scissors elements that can pivot about a common scissors axle. For adjusting the scissors-type frame, a gas spring is provided, to which there can be connected a first valve device for adjusting the height of the vehicle seat and, via a coupling, a second valve device for setting the height of the driver's seat in a weight-dependent manner. The coupling comprises a segment element with an arc-shaped toothed section, which is pivotable about the scissors axis, and a pivoting arm with a toothing which can be brought into meshing engagement with the toothed section. The pivoting arm is connected to one of the scissors elements and can be actuated by means of a drive device which is connected to the first valve device. Also arranged pivotably on the scissors axle is a slide element which serves for actuating the second valve device and which is movable to a limited extent relative to the segment element. This construction is also very complicated.
A simplified substructure for a vehicle seat with a scissors-type frame comprising two pivotable frame elements is described in European patent EP 0 563 948 B1. Here, the two pivotable frame elements of the scissors-type frame are not fixedly connected to one another but rather merely bear against one another. There is therefore no need for welded-in axles or tubes for bearing the two frame elements relative to one another. As a result, the scissors-type frame can be of relatively simple design, but the frame elements do not form a coherent unit, which means that in particular the assembly of the scissors-type frame can take place only in conjunction with a base element and a seat plate. Moreover, no space is provided for an air or gas pressure damper.
The present invention is directed to a scissors-type frame for a vehicle seat, in particular a motor vehicle seat, comprising a first scissors element and a further scissors element, wherein the scissors-type frame is height-adjustable by means of the two scissors elements. In addition, the invention is directed to a vehicle seat with a substructure. Moreover, the invention is directed to a method for producing a substructure of a vehicle seat in which a first scissors element is rotatably connected to a further scissors element of a scissors-type frame of the substructure.
The invention provides a generic scissors-type frame consisting at least of two scissors elements as a compact and coherent structural unit, which can moreover be produced quickly and easily. This is preferably achieved by a scissors-type frame for a vehicle seat comprising a first scissors element and a further scissors element, wherein the scissors-type frame is height-adjustable by means of the two scissors elements, and wherein the scissors-type frame is characterized in that one of the two scissors elements passes through the other of the two scissors elements. Since a first scissors element passes through a further scissors element, the scissors-type frame can overall be of very compact and simple construction.
In particular, the present scissors-type frame differs from the scissors-type frames of the documents DE 10 2006 017 774 A1 and DE 43 35 199 C1 by the fact that in the present case only two centrally arranged scissors elements are used. In this case there is advantageously no need to use laterally arranged scissors elements, as a result of which in particular the number of scissors elements can be reduced.
The scissors-type frame according to the invention differs from the scissors-type frame disclosed in the European patent EP 0 563 948 B1 in particular by the fact that in the present case the first scissors element passes through the second scissors element. In the scissors-type frame from the European patent EP 0 563 948 B1, one of the frame elements is moved towards the other of the frame elements from outside and then is merely leaned against the other frame element, without passing through the latter. Instead, one frame element is tangent to the other frame element.
In the context of the present invention, the term “scissors-type frame” describes a shape preferably of a substructure of a vehicle seat, which comprises two scissors elements that are rotatably connected to one another. The two scissors elements are in this case connected to one another in such a way that they form a coherent, non-detachable unit. In this respect, too, the scissors-type frame according to the invention differs from the scissors-type frame of the aforementioned European patent, since therein the scissors-type frames merely lean against one another. In this case, the scissors-type frame with its two scissors elements can already on its own substantially form the substructure of the vehicle seat.
One variant embodiment provides that one of the two scissors elements is arranged within a peripherally closed material cutout of the other of the two scissors elements. Advantageously, the other scissors element of the scissors-type frame comprises such a peripherally closed material cutout, so that the first scissors element can be pushed through the other scissors element without any problem and in a space-saving manner. In this case, edge regions of the peripherally closed material cutout can also be used as a type of stop if they are appropriately shaped. As a result, the operational safety of the scissors-type frame and thus also of a vehicle seat can be increased.
If one of the two scissors elements encompasses the other of the two scissors elements, a scissors-type frame can be provided as a particularly compact unit.
In addition, it is advantageous if the two scissors elements are mounted such that they can rotate about a common bearing axle, preferably about a common push-in axle. If the scissors-type frame has a common bearing axle for the two scissors elements, the scissors-type frame can advantageously be formed in one piece. As a result, the handling of the scissors-type frame, for instance during installation of a vehicle seat, can be substantially simplified. In particular, a push-in axle can easily be introduced from the side into suitable push-in axle openings of the scissors elements.
The invention is also directed to a method for producing a substructure of a vehicle seat, in particular of a motor vehicle seat, in which a first scissors element is rotatably connected to a further scissors element of a scissors-type frame of the substructure, and in which one of the scissors elements is pushed through the other of the scissors elements and then the two scissors elements are non-detachably connected to one another.
By means of such a production method, assembly of a scissors-type frame for a vehicle seat can be carried out in a particularly simple manner. Moreover, the scissors elements can be non-detachably but rotatably connected to one another in a particularly simple manner by means of a push-in axle.
In the present context, the term “non-detachably” describes the fact that the two scissors elements cannot be lifted off one another.
If at least one of the two scissors elements, preferably both scissors elements, is made by forming from a semi-finished product, the scissors-type frame can ideally be produced without welding. Problems in respect of component warping due to a critical introduction of heat into the construction can thus be avoided, as a result of which a particularly high manufacturing precision on the scissors elements can also be achieved.
As the semi-finished product, use may be made in the present case of a metal sheet suitable for deep-drawing and/or punching or the like. The term “forming” describes in this context any processes by means of which the shape of the semi-finished product can be changed. By means of such formed components, a particularly homogeneous structure and thus also an extremely good load-bearing capacity of a component can be achieved. As a result, components such as the scissors elements for example can be formed with less bulk than conventional frame elements while being able to withstand the same loads.
One advantageous variant embodiment moreover provides that at least one of the two scissors elements, preferably both scissors elements, is produced as a one-piece punched sheet metal element and/or as an element made by bending. The scissors elements can in the present case thus be formed in each case in one piece as rocker-like scissors arms. Straightening work, as is often necessary on a welded construction, can thus advantageously be avoided. In addition, punched sheet metal elements and/or elements made by bending can be characterized by a very high strength of the component.
One method variant therefore provides that in particular the scissors elements are formed from metal sheets and are provided in a manner free from weld seams. It is thus possible to avoid any critical introduction of heat into the metal sheets.
Another variant embodiment that must be highlighted in particular provides that one of the two scissors elements has a through-opening for a damper of the scissors-type frame, through which the damper can be and/or is arranged. If at least one scissors element of the scissors-type frame has such a through-opening for a damper, the damper can be integrated much better in the scissors-type frame. The scissors-type frame can thus be made even more compact.
In particular in this context it is advantageous if the scissors-type frame comprises a damper device with a damper, wherein the damper passes through a further scissors element arranged within a first scissors element. In this case, the damper device or the damper may be arranged at an angle or parallel to that scissors element which is passed through by the other scissors element of the scissors-type frame. A scissors-type frame of a vehicle seat which comprises a damper device can thus be made to fit inside a particularly small space.
In addition, the scissors-type frame may comprise an upper terminal element and a lower terminal element, on which on the one hand in each case one of the two scissors elements is mounted in a rotational manner by means of a rotary bearing and on which on the other hand in each case one of the two scissors elements is mounted in a translational manner by means of a sliding bearing, wherein a damper device of the scissors-type frame is mounted on one of the rotary bearings, preferably on the rotary bearing of the lower terminal element. If such terminal elements are additionally provided on the scissors-type frame, the scissors-type frame can be better integrated in a substructure of a vehicle seat. By way of example, the actual vehicle seat can be attached to the upper terminal element. By means of the lower terminal element, the scissors-type frame can advantageously be mounted on a floor panel of a motor vehicle. Particularly if the damper device is attached to an existing rotary bearing, the structure of the scissors-type frame can be further simplified and attachment elements that would otherwise be necessary are not required.
Such a damper device, particularly with regard to the special through-opening for a damper, can already positively influence the further development of a conventional scissors-type frame, so that the features in connection with the damper device are advantageous even without the other features of the invention.
With regard to the method, it is furthermore advantageous if a seat plate and/or a base plate of the scissors-type frame is formed from metal sheets and provided in a manner free from weld seams, wherein the seat plate and/or the base plate is connected to one another in an articulated manner by means of the scissors elements.
One particularly preferred variant embodiment provides that the scissors-type frame comprises bearing devices for bearing the scissors elements against and/or in a terminal element of the scissors-type frame, wherein the bearing devices in each case comprise a bearing eye and/or a bearing pin which is formed by one of the scissors elements. If in particular the bearing devices or regions thereof, such as for example the bearing eyes or bearing pins, are formed directly by the scissors elements themselves, the structure of the present scissors-type frame can be considerably simplified further. In particular, there is advantageously no need for additional components, such as welded-in axles and/or tubes, for bearing the scissors elements.
It is thus furthermore advantageous if the respective bearing eye and/or the respective bearing pin are formed in one piece with one of the scissors elements. Such a bearing eye or such a bearing pin is preferably formed by punching. There is also advantageously no need for screw connections in respect of the bearing devices.
In order that in particular the bearing pins can slide with little friction and thus particularly well in corresponding bearing grooves, it is advantageous if the respective bearing pin comprises a sliding element.
Production of the scissors-type frame can be further simplified if the sliding element is pushed onto the respective bearing pin. In this case, barbs may be formed on the bearing pin by punching, so that the sliding element can be securely attached to the bearing pin without further aids. There is thus also no need for roller tracks, adjustment rail fixings or other additional bearing components, as a result of which the construction of the present scissors-type frame can be further simplified and made more space-saving.
It will be understood that such a sliding element can be produced in various shapes and from a wide range of materials. The sliding element can be configured in a manner that lends itself to a particularly high number of variations if the sliding element is made from plastic. Furthermore, good sliding properties are generally inherent in a plastic.
If the respective bearing pin and/or a sliding element of the respective bearing pin are mounted in guide devices of the terminal elements, wherein the guide devices are material cutouts of an upper terminal element or of a lower terminal element of the scissors-type frame, a type of hinge can be formed particularly easily between the scissors elements and the terminal elements. Preferably, the material cutouts are punched out of the terminal elements.
By means of such a guide device in the form of a material cutout, a scissors element can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of a terminal element, without having to use additional hinge-like components.
Accordingly, it is advantageous if the scissors-type frame comprises an upper terminal element and a lower terminal element, wherein the upper and/or the lower terminal element comprises guide devices in which bearing pins of the scissors elements are mounted in a sliding manner. As a result, the individual scissors elements can be mounted on the terminal elements in a structurally simple manner and such that they can move linearly in particular.
Particularly in the context of the bearing devices, a further variant embodiment provides that the scissors-type frame comprises a connection device for connecting one of the scissors elements to one of the terminal elements, in which a first connection element is formed from the scissors element and a further connection element is formed from the terminal element. In one simple case, the first connection element of the connection device is a bearing pin of a scissors element, and the other connection element of the connection device is a guide device in the form of a material cutout of the terminal element. The connection device can thus advantageously be provided on the present scissors-type frame without the need for additional components.
The proposed connection device can also be of very simple design if the first connection element is guided in the other connection element.
Furthermore, one extremely advantageous variant embodiment provides that the scissors-type frame comprises a spring device with at least one spring element, wherein the spring element is arranged in an interacting manner between one of the scissors elements and one of the terminal elements. In addition to the abovementioned damper device, a spring device can also be integrated particularly well in the scissors-type frame if the spring element is arranged in an interacting manner between one of the scissors elements and one of the terminal elements.
The spring device can be mounted on and attached to a scissors element in a particularly wear-resistant manner if the spring device comprises a spring support which is arranged in a roll-off manner at one end of one of the scissors elements.
The spring support consists of a tubular segment which offers closure contact to the spring(s) and which can be rolled off or tilted over the edge that is subjected to loading. In most spring supports, rotational movements in the bearing cannot be ruled out, which leads to considerable loads and wear on the bearing points. This embodiment makes it possible not only to increase the contact area (linear contact instead of point contact), but rather at the same time makes it possible to minimize the friction through conversion into a roll-off/tilting movement about the edge.
The spring support can be guided on the scissors element in an operationally safe manner if the spring support comprises a notch, into which the scissors element protrudes with a tab.
It will be understood that one or more spring elements may correspond to the spring support almost at will. If the spring support comprises two spring end holders, into which spring ends of spring elements can be hooked, the spring elements can be securely mounted on and attached to the spring support.
By means of the above-described spring device and in particular the spring support thereof, it is possible in a particularly advantageous manner to integrate such a spring device in a space-saving manner in a scissors-type frame of a vehicle seat. Preferably, the spring device is located or the spring elements of the spring device are located substantially parallel to one of the terminal elements, as a result of which the spring device can be integrated in a particularly space-saving manner within the scissors-type frame. Since the features of such a spring device can on their own positively influence the further development of conventional scissors-type frames, the features in connection with the present spring device are advantageous even without the other features of the invention.
The present invention is also directed to a vehicle seat, in particular a motor vehicle seat, with a substructure, in which the substructure comprises a scissors-type frame according to one of the aforementioned features or according to one of the aforementioned combinations of features. On the whole, it is thus possible to provide a substructure comprising a scissors-type frame which can be produced with particularly high manufacturing precision, and advantageously essentially without additional components, apart from rotary and bearing axles and also sliding bearings.
Further advantages, aims and properties of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawing appended to the following description, in which a motor vehicle seat substructure comprising a scissors-type frame is shown by way of example. Components which correspond at least substantially with regard to their function in the figures may be provided here with the same references, wherein these components need not be shown and explained in all figures.
Preferred and alternative examples of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
The scissors-type frame 1 illustrated in
The scissors-type frame 1 consists essentially of a first scissors element 3 (see in particular
Here, the two scissors elements 3 and 4 are designed and arranged relative to one another in such a way that the first scissors element 3 passes through the second scissors element 4, as a result of which the two scissors elements 3 and 4 can be accommodated within a very small space. The entire substructure 4 is therefore of very compact construction.
In order that the first scissors element 3 can pass through the second scissors element 4 without any problem, the second scissors element 4 has a suitable material cutout 7 which is peripherally closed and is delimited all the way round by the second scissors element 4. The second scissors element 4 thus encompasses the first scissors element 3 at least partially. Here, the material cutout 7 is punched into the second scissors element 4 in a simple manner in design terms.
Overall, the two scissors elements 3 and 4 can be produced particularly easily since they are in each case formed from a semi-finished product, such as a metal sheet. Each of the scissors elements 3, 4 is therefore produced as a one-piece punched sheet metal part, resulting in a high strength. Moreover, this also applies to the two terminal elements 5 and 6, since these are likewise formed from a metal sheet, wherein the upper terminal element 5 provides a seat plate 8, at which the actual seat can be attached to the scissors-type frame 1. The lower terminal element 6 forms a base plate 9 of the scissors-type frame 1, via which the scissors-type frame 1 can be attached to a vehicle body (not shown here). The scissors elements 3, 4 and the terminal elements 5, 6 can therefore be produced in a manner free from weld seams and thus advantageously also without warping.
The two scissors elements 3, 4 moreover have a common bearing axle 10, wherein the common bearing axle 10 in this example of embodiment is designed as a simple push-in axle 11. By means of the common push-in axle 11, the two scissors elements 3 and 4 are non-detachably connected to one another as a compact unit and cannot easily be lifted off one another. In order to receive the common push-in axle 11, first push-in axle openings 11A (see
Furthermore, the scissors elements 3 and 4 are mounted on the terminal elements 5 and 6 such that they can move in rotation by means of rotary bearings 12 and 13 and such that they can move in translation by means of sliding bearings 14 and 15. The two scissors elements 3 and 4 can thus execute a scissors-type movement between the two terminal elements 5 and 6, as a result of which inter alia the height 16 of the substructure 2 can be adjusted.
The rotary bearings 12 and 13 are in each case equipped with a rotary bearing axle 17 (referenced here only by way of example for the rotary bearing 12 in
In order that the respective rotary bearing axle 17 can be mounted in a structurally very simple manner on the scissors elements 3 and 4, the scissors elements 3 and 4 in each case have corresponding bearing eyes 18 (see
All the bearing eyes 18 to 21 are formed either directly by the scissors elements 3 and 4 or by the terminal elements 5 and 6, in particular are suitably formed thereon by punching. As a result, advantageously no additional bearing components are required, which further simplifies the scissors-type frame 1.
One of the integrally formed bearing eyes 18 of the first scissors element 3, together with the rotary bearing axle 17 (see in particular
The bearing eyes 18, 19, 20 and 21 are not restricted here just to locations at the edges of the scissors elements 3, 4 or of the terminal elements 5, 6, but rather they are also formed in the centre of the scissors elements 3, 4 and terminal elements 5, 6, as can clearly be seen in the diagrams shown in
Further bearing devices of the scissors elements 3 and 4 are formed as bearing pins 23 and 24 (see in particular
In the present case, in particular the bearing pins 23, 24 with their sliding elements 25, 26 in conjunction with the guide devices 27, 28 in each case form a connection device 31 (see
In the present case, advantageously all the bearing devices, such as bearing eyes 18 to 21 and bearing pins 23, 24, are formed directly by the scissors elements 3 and 4 and/or by the terminal elements 5 and 6.
The scissors-type frame 1 is also of particularly compact construction due to a through-opening 34 which is punched out of the first scissors element 3 for a damper 35 (shown in dash-dotted line only in
Furthermore, the scissors-type frame 1 has a spring device 37 (see
In this example of embodiment, the spring support 41 consists essentially of a longitudinal body 42 which is curved in a semi-circular manner and which is bent around the end region 40 of the second scissors element 4. As additional adjustment, the spring support 41 has a notch 43, into which a tab 44 of the second scissors element 4 engages. This prevents in particular a critical displacement and/or rotation of the spring support 41 relative to the end region 40 of the second pivoting element 4.
In order to reduce the risk of the spring elements 38, 39 inadvertently jumping off the spring support 41, the spring support 41 is furthermore equipped with two spring end holders 45 and 46, into which the bent spring ends 47 and 48 of the two spring elements 38 and 39 can hook in a particularly secure manner.
All of the features disclosed in the application documents are claimed as essential to the invention in so far as they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the preferred embodiment. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2008 056 200 | Nov 2008 | DE | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2973968 | Behles | Mar 1961 | A |
| 3042392 | Schmitz et al. | Jul 1962 | A |
| 3466055 | Keijzer | Sep 1969 | A |
| 3552763 | Yasin | Jan 1971 | A |
| 3762769 | Poschl | Oct 1973 | A |
| 3865340 | Ellis | Feb 1975 | A |
| 3938770 | Turner et al. | Feb 1976 | A |
| 3966223 | Carr | Jun 1976 | A |
| 4052088 | Nicholls | Oct 1977 | A |
| 4159105 | Vander Laan et al. | Jun 1979 | A |
| 4193629 | Merkle | Mar 1980 | A |
| 4286765 | Delgleize et al. | Sep 1981 | A |
| 4418955 | Muncke et al. | Dec 1983 | A |
| 4451079 | Takahashi | May 1984 | A |
| 4463839 | Ashiba | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4469010 | Skover, Jr. et al. | Sep 1984 | A |
| 4600215 | Kuroki et al. | Jul 1986 | A |
| 4634142 | Woods et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4645042 | Inoue et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4645169 | Mischer | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4684100 | Grassl | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4700921 | Holbrook | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4700971 | Doi et al. | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4726604 | Asami et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4729539 | Nagata | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4729580 | Buma et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4733847 | Grassl | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4822094 | Oldfather et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4852863 | Breitenbacher et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4941641 | Granzow et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4946145 | Kurabe | Aug 1990 | A |
| 5058852 | Meier et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5125631 | Brodersen et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5133575 | Zantinge et al. | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5169112 | Boyles et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5169129 | Hoffman | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5176355 | Carter | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5217210 | Schiitzner | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5234203 | Smith | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5255935 | Imani | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5324069 | Ogawa | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5364060 | Donovan et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5413316 | Easter | May 1995 | A |
| 5425436 | Teramura et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5428533 | Ogawa | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5450322 | Tanaka et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5533703 | Grassl et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5536059 | Amirouche | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5555501 | Furihata et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5558398 | Santos | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5564520 | Forsythe | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5603387 | Beard et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5623410 | Furihata et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5735509 | Gryp et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5941920 | Schubert | Aug 1999 | A |
| 6000703 | Schubert et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6029764 | Schubert | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6067491 | Takahashi | May 2000 | A |
| 6078791 | Tuttle et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6082715 | Vandermolen | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6314353 | Ohsaku et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6371456 | Ritchie et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6490930 | Ohkubo et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6616116 | Rochau et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 7152839 | Mullinix et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7185867 | Hill et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7712836 | Deml | May 2010 | B2 |
| 20010044685 | Schubert | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20030015830 | Miller et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030140487 | Plettner | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20040094912 | Niwa et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20060185434 | Bernhagen | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20070236071 | Fujita et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20080156602 | Hiemenz et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080197684 | Ott et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20090026816 | Haller | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090134595 | Haller et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090272871 | Haller | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100102493 | Deml et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100117428 | Deml et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100181708 | Kolb et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 452315 | Nov 1927 | DE |
| 2604809 | Aug 1977 | DE |
| 8104855 | Aug 1981 | DE |
| 220674 | Apr 1985 | DE |
| 223835 | Jun 1985 | DE |
| 3517503 | Nov 1986 | DE |
| 4211095 | Oct 1993 | DE |
| 4211628 | Oct 1993 | DE |
| 4335199 | May 1995 | DE |
| 19803750 | Aug 1998 | DE |
| 19714576 | Oct 1998 | DE |
| 19902224 | Apr 2000 | DE |
| 19848821 | May 2000 | DE |
| 20214583 | Jan 2003 | DE |
| 10317134 | Jun 2004 | DE |
| 10330198 | Feb 2005 | DE |
| 102004054325 | Apr 2006 | DE |
| 102006017774 | Apr 2006 | DE |
| 102005023090 | Nov 2006 | DE |
| 102005043575 | Mar 2007 | DE |
| 102005044214 | Mar 2007 | DE |
| 102008018509 | Oct 2009 | DE |
| 0089794 | Sep 1983 | EP |
| 0563948 | Apr 1993 | EP |
| 0938999 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 1050749 | Nov 2000 | EP |
| 1188608 | Mar 2002 | EP |
| 1352595 | Oct 2003 | EP |
| 1464866 | Oct 2004 | EP |
| 1484205 | Dec 2004 | EP |
| 1657471 | May 2006 | EP |
| 1693655 | Aug 2006 | EP |
| 1844979 | Oct 2007 | EP |
| 2879740 | Jun 2006 | FR |
| 61075008 | Apr 1986 | JP |
| 2133215 | May 1990 | JP |
| 2197470 | Aug 1990 | JP |
| 3200485 | Sep 1991 | JP |
| 2004058695 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004185476 | Jul 2004 | JP |
| 20020090377 | Dec 2002 | KR |
| 8703256 | Jun 1987 | WO |
| 8809270 | Dec 1988 | WO |
| 8912766 | Dec 1989 | WO |
| 0035708 | Jun 2000 | WO |
| 0043952 | Jul 2000 | WO |
| 0058125 | Oct 2000 | WO |
| 02068229 | Sep 2002 | WO |
| 2004057528 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004110808 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| 2005008578 | Jan 2005 | WO |
| 2005022690 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| 2005095153 | Oct 2005 | WO |
| 2005102112 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100117428 A1 | May 2010 | US |
