Formation degradation, such as pavement milling, mining, drilling and/or excavating, may be performed using degradation assemblies. In normal use, these assemb lies and auxiliary equipment are subjected to high impact, heat, abrasion, and other environmental factors that wear their mechanical components. Many efforts have been made to improve the service life of these assemblies, including efforts to optimize the method of attachment to the driving mechanism.
One such method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,499 to Grubb, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains. Grubb discloses a two-piece rotatable cutting bit which comprises a shank and a nose. The shank has an axially forwardly projecting protrusion which carries a resilient spring clip. The protrusion and spring clip are received within a recess in the nose to rotatably attach the nose to the shank.
Another such method is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0309146 to Hall, et al., which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it discloses. It discloses, in one aspect, a degradation assembly comprising a shank with a forward end and a rearward end, the rearward end being adapted for attachment to a driving mechanism, with a shield rotatably attached to the forward end of the shank. The shield comprises an underside adapted for rotatable attachment to the shank and an impact tip disposed on an end opposing the underside. A seal is disposed intermediate the shield and the shank.
In one aspect of the present invention, a degradation assembly comprises a pressing seal element and a pressurized rigid element disposed intermediate a rotating component and a stationary component. The stationary component may be attached to a driving mechanism through a block. The rotating component may comprise an impact tip bonded to an end opposing the stationary component. The seal element may energize the rigid element against one of the components to form a slidable seal capable of holding lubricant within the assembly and keeping debris out while still rotating.
The rotating element may comprise a shield with a recess opposite the impact element. The recess of the shield may rotatably connect to the first end of a shank. A second end may be retained in a holder attached to a driving mechanism. In another embodiment, the shield and the shank may comprise a single component and rotate with respect to the holder. A pressing seal element may be disposed intermediate the rotating component and the stationary component, and a pressurized rigid element may be disposed adjacent to the seal element.
The rigid element may comprise a concave and/or textured surface facing the seal element and a flat, convex, polished, and/or wear resistant surface opposing the seal element.
The seal element may comprise an O-ring, a rubber washer, or a compression spring. The seal element may comprise a textured outer surface. The assembly may comprise a wiper or a ring disposed axially around the assembly, adjacent to both the shield and the shank. The assembly may comprise a lubricant chamber. The assembly may comprise a spring clip. The shank may comprise a ledge. The assembly may comprise a pick.
a is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a rigid element.
b is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a protective ring.
c is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a protective ring with a wiper.
d is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of an O-ring.
e is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a rubber washer.
It is believed that while in use, a nonrotatable pick degradation assembly 101 may receive uneven wear on a single side because the same side is continuously engaging a formation 104. This uneven wear may shorten the life of the pick degradation assembly 101. It is further believed that the life of the assembly 101 may be lengthened by rotating the assembly such that different sides of the assembly 101 are engaging the formation 104 throughout the life of the pick degradation assembly 101.
Referring now to
The impact tip 203A may comprise a super hard material 211A bonded to a carbide substrate 210A. The super hard material 211A may comprise diamond, polycrystalline diamond with a binder concentration of 1 to 40 percent weight, cubic boron nitride, refractory metal bonded diamond, silicon bonded diamond, layered diamond, infiltrated diamond, thermally stable diamond, natural diamond, vapor deposited diamond, physically deposited diamond, diamond impregnated matrix, diamond impregnated carbide, monolithic diamond, polished diamond, coarse diamond, fine diamond, non-metal catalyzed diamond, cemented metal carbide, chromium, titanium, aluminum, tungsten, or combinations thereof.
The shank 201A may remain stationary with respect to a holder (not shown). The shank 201A may comprise a ledge 214A that may flare out to meet the shield 202A. The ledge 214A may have a ledge diameter 252 larger than a shank diameter 254 of the majority of the shank 201A. The shank 201A may include a lubricant chamber 204A. The pick degradation assembly may also comprise a seal 206A, 209A and a protective ring 205A. A rigid element 207A may be disposed adjacent to the seal 206A, 209A. The rigid element 207A and seal 206A, 209A may be disposed adjacent to the ledge 214A.
The shield 202A may be able to freely rotate around the shank 201A. The lubricant chamber 204A may dispense lubricant intermediate, or between, the shank 201A and the shield 202A. The lubricant may aid in the rotation of the shield 202A with respect to the shank 201A. It is believed that by allowing the shield 202A to freely rotate around the shank 201A, that the wear on the pick degradation assembly 101A during operation will on average be spread around the entire assembly as opposed to just a single side. Furthermore, it is believed that by spreading the wear around the entire assembly 101, the assembly 101 may last longer.
The seal 206A, 209A may be disposed intermediate, or between, the shank 201A and the shield 202A. The seal may comprise an O-ring 209A and a rubber washer 206A. The seal 206A, 209A may serve the purpose of sealing lubricant within the pick degradation assembly 101A and keeping dirt and debris from penetrating the space intermediate, or between the shield 202A and the shank 201A. A protective ring 205A may be disposed axially around the assembly 101A, adjacent to both the shield 202A and the shank 201A. The protective ring 205A may prevent particles from entering the vicinity of the rigid element 207A and the seal 206A, 209A. The protective ring 205A may comprise a wiper 255 (see
The rigid element 207A may comprise a ring with a concave inner surface 213A. The rigid element 207A may comprise a metal. The rigid element 207A may be disposed between the shank 201A and the shield 202A. The concave inner surface 213A of the rigid element 207A may be disposed adjacent to the O-ring 209A such that the O-ring 209A lies within a contour of the rigid element 207A. The concave inner surface 213A may comprise a texture. The textured surface may allow the rigid element 207A to more easily engage the O-ring 209A. The O-ring 209A may also comprise a textured surface to further aid in a frictional engagement with the rigid element 207A. The rigid element 207A may also have a surface that engages the rubber washer 206A. It is believed that the friction created by the interaction between the rigid element 207A, the O-ring 209A and the rubber washer 206A may prevent the rigid element 207A from rotating with respect to the shank 201A.
The rigid element 207A may also comprise a flat surface 212A. The flat surface 212A may be polished such that it is smooth. The flat surface 212A may be adjacent to the shield 202A. The polished flat surface 212A of the rigid element 207A may provide a surface for the shield 202A to rotate upon with respect to the shank 201A. The rigid element 207A may place the O-ring 209A under compression. The elastic nature of the O-ring 209A may in turn place an opposing force on the rigid element 207A forcing it into contact with the shield 202A. As the pick degradation assembly 101A is used and the shield 202A rotates with respect to the shank 201A, the friction exerted by the shield 202A onto the polished flat surface 212A of the rigid element 207A may cause it to wear and grow thinner. It is believed that the force exerted by the O-ring 209A onto the rigid element 207A will force the rigid element 207A to remain in contact with the shield 202A even after it has become worn.
In some embodiments the rigid element 207A may comprise a wear resistant surface 212A. The wear resistant surface 212A may comprise a material such as diamond, cubic boron nitride, lonsdaleite, tungsten carbide, or a combination thereof. The wear resistant surface 212A may aid in extending the useable working life of the pick degradation assembly 101A.
Now referring to the embodiment of a pick degradation assembly 101B depicted in
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
a, 7b, 7c, 7d and 7e depict embodiments of various components of a pick degradation assembly.
b depicts an embodiment of a protective ring 205F. The protective ring 205F may comprise a rigid material such as metal or plastic. The girth of the protective ring 205F may substantially cover any gap that may exist between a shield and a shank. It is believed that the protective ring 205F may aid in preventing debris from penetrating between the shield and the shank.
c depicts a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a protective ring 205G comprising a wiper 255G. The wiper 255G may comprise an elastic material. It is believed that the wiper 255G may further aid in preventing debris from penetrating between a shield and a shank.
d depicts an embodiment of an O-ring 209G. The O-ring 209G may comprise an elastic material.
e depicts an embodiment of a rubber washer 206G. The rubber washer 206G may function as a seal and as a friction surface.
Whereas the present invention has been described in particular relation to the drawings attached hereto, it should be understood that other and further modifications apart from those shown or suggested herein, may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
465103 | Wegner | Dec 1891 | A |
616118 | Kuhne | Dec 1898 | A |
946060 | Looker | Jan 1910 | A |
1116154 | Stowers | Nov 1914 | A |
1183630 | Bryson | May 1916 | A |
1189560 | Gondos | Jul 1916 | A |
1360908 | Everson | Nov 1920 | A |
1387733 | Midgett | Aug 1921 | A |
1460671 | Hebsacker | Jul 1923 | A |
1544757 | Hufford et al. | Jul 1925 | A |
1821474 | Mercer | Sep 1931 | A |
1879177 | Gault | Sep 1932 | A |
2004315 | Fean | Jun 1935 | A |
2054255 | Howard | Sep 1936 | A |
2064255 | Garfield | Dec 1936 | A |
2124438 | Struk et al. | Jul 1938 | A |
2169223 | Christian | Aug 1939 | A |
2218130 | Court | Oct 1940 | A |
2255650 | Burker | Sep 1941 | A |
2320136 | Kammerer | May 1943 | A |
2466991 | Kammerer | Apr 1949 | A |
2540464 | Stokes | Feb 1951 | A |
2544036 | McCann | Mar 1951 | A |
2720392 | Cartlidge | Feb 1955 | A |
2755071 | Kammerer, Jr. | Jul 1956 | A |
2776819 | Brown | Jan 1957 | A |
2819043 | Henderson | Jan 1958 | A |
2838284 | Austin | Jun 1958 | A |
2894722 | Buttolph | Jul 1959 | A |
2901223 | Scott | Aug 1959 | A |
2963102 | Smith | Dec 1960 | A |
2989295 | Prox, Jr. | Jun 1961 | A |
3135341 | Ritter | Jun 1964 | A |
3254392 | Novkov | Jun 1966 | A |
3294186 | Buell | Dec 1966 | A |
3301339 | Pennebaker, Jr. | Jan 1967 | A |
3336081 | Griffin | Aug 1967 | A |
3342531 | Krekeler | Sep 1967 | A |
3342532 | Krekeler | Sep 1967 | A |
3379264 | Cox | Apr 1968 | A |
3397012 | Krekeler | Aug 1968 | A |
3397013 | Krekeler | Aug 1968 | A |
3429390 | Bennett | Feb 1969 | A |
3429617 | Lauber | Feb 1969 | A |
3468553 | Ashby et al. | Sep 1969 | A |
3493165 | Schonfeld | Feb 1970 | A |
3498677 | Morrow | Mar 1970 | A |
3512838 | Kniff | May 1970 | A |
3583504 | Aalund | Jun 1971 | A |
3627381 | Krekeler | Dec 1971 | A |
3650565 | Kniff | Mar 1972 | A |
3655244 | Swisher | Apr 1972 | A |
3746396 | Radd | Jul 1973 | A |
3751115 | Proctor | Aug 1973 | A |
3764493 | Rosar et al. | Oct 1973 | A |
3767266 | Krekeler | Oct 1973 | A |
3778112 | Krekeler | Dec 1973 | A |
3801158 | Radd et al. | Apr 1974 | A |
3807804 | Kniff | Apr 1974 | A |
3830321 | McKenry | Aug 1974 | A |
3833265 | Elders | Sep 1974 | A |
3865437 | Crosby | Feb 1975 | A |
3932952 | Helton et al. | Jan 1976 | A |
3942838 | Bailey et al. | Mar 1976 | A |
3945681 | White | Mar 1976 | A |
3957307 | Varda | May 1976 | A |
3960223 | Kleine | Jun 1976 | A |
4005914 | Newman | Feb 1977 | A |
4006936 | Crabiel | Feb 1977 | A |
4081042 | Johnson et al. | Mar 1978 | A |
4084856 | Emmerich et al. | Apr 1978 | A |
4098362 | Bonnice | Jul 1978 | A |
4106577 | Summers | Aug 1978 | A |
4109737 | Bovenkerk | Aug 1978 | A |
4149753 | Stoltz | Apr 1979 | A |
4156329 | Daniels et al. | May 1979 | A |
4199035 | Thompson | Apr 1980 | A |
4201421 | Den Besten | May 1980 | A |
4247150 | Wrulich et al. | Jan 1981 | A |
4251109 | Roepke | Feb 1981 | A |
4268089 | Spence et al. | May 1981 | A |
4277106 | Sahley | Jul 1981 | A |
4307786 | Evans | Dec 1981 | A |
4337980 | Krekeler | Jul 1982 | A |
4397362 | Dice et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
4416339 | Baker et al. | Nov 1983 | A |
4439250 | Acharya et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
4448269 | Ishikawa et al. | May 1984 | A |
4453775 | Clemmow | Jun 1984 | A |
4465221 | Schmidt | Aug 1984 | A |
4484644 | Cook | Nov 1984 | A |
4484783 | Emmerich | Nov 1984 | A |
4485221 | Krueger et al. | Nov 1984 | A |
4489986 | Dziak | Dec 1984 | A |
4497520 | Ojanen | Feb 1985 | A |
4531592 | Hayatdavoudi | Jul 1985 | A |
4537448 | Ketterer | Aug 1985 | A |
4542942 | Zitz et al. | Sep 1985 | A |
4566545 | Story et al. | Jan 1986 | A |
4579491 | Kull | Apr 1986 | A |
4583786 | Thorpe et al. | Apr 1986 | A |
4627665 | Ewing et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
4647111 | Browder et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
4660890 | Mills | Apr 1987 | A |
4669786 | Morgan et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
4678237 | Collin | Jul 1987 | A |
4682987 | Brady | Jul 1987 | A |
4688856 | Elfgen | Aug 1987 | A |
4694918 | Hall | Sep 1987 | A |
4702525 | Sollami et al. | Oct 1987 | A |
4725098 | Beach | Feb 1988 | A |
4728153 | Ojanen et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
4729603 | Elfgen | Mar 1988 | A |
4736533 | May et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4746379 | Rabinkin | May 1988 | A |
4765686 | Adams | Aug 1988 | A |
4765687 | Parrott | Aug 1988 | A |
4776862 | Wiand | Oct 1988 | A |
4804231 | Buljan et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
4811801 | Salesky et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
4836614 | Ojanen et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
4850649 | Beach et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
4880154 | Tank | Nov 1989 | A |
4893875 | Lonn et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
4907665 | Kar et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
4911503 | Stiffler | Mar 1990 | A |
4911504 | Stiffler | Mar 1990 | A |
4921310 | Hedlund et al. | May 1990 | A |
4932723 | Mills | Jun 1990 | A |
4940288 | Stiffler | Jul 1990 | A |
4941711 | Stiffler | Jul 1990 | A |
4944559 | Sionnet | Jul 1990 | A |
4951762 | Lundell | Aug 1990 | A |
4956238 | Griffin | Sep 1990 | A |
4962822 | Pascale | Oct 1990 | A |
4981328 | Stiffler | Jan 1991 | A |
5007685 | Beach et al. | Apr 1991 | A |
5009273 | Grabinski | Apr 1991 | A |
5011515 | Frushour | Apr 1991 | A |
5018793 | Den Besten | May 1991 | A |
5038873 | Jurgens | Aug 1991 | A |
5088797 | O'Neill | Feb 1992 | A |
5106166 | O'Neill | Apr 1992 | A |
5112165 | Hedlund | May 1992 | A |
5119714 | Scott et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
5141063 | Quesenbury | Aug 1992 | A |
5141289 | Stiffler | Aug 1992 | A |
5154245 | Waldenstrom | Oct 1992 | A |
5186892 | Pope | Feb 1993 | A |
5251964 | Ojanen | Oct 1993 | A |
5261499 | Grubb | Nov 1993 | A |
D342268 | Meyer | Dec 1993 | S |
5303984 | Ojanen | Apr 1994 | A |
5332051 | Knowlton | Jul 1994 | A |
5332348 | Lemelson | Jul 1994 | A |
5361859 | Tibbitts | Nov 1994 | A |
5374111 | Den Besten et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5415462 | Massa | May 1995 | A |
5417292 | Polakoff | May 1995 | A |
5417475 | Graham | May 1995 | A |
5447208 | Lund | Sep 1995 | A |
5503463 | Ojanen | Apr 1996 | A |
5507357 | Hult et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5535839 | Brady | Jul 1996 | A |
5542993 | Rabinkin | Aug 1996 | A |
5560440 | Tibbitts | Oct 1996 | A |
5568838 | Struthers et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5611654 | Frattarola et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5653300 | Lund | Aug 1997 | A |
5662720 | O'Tigheamaigh | Sep 1997 | A |
5678644 | Fielder | Oct 1997 | A |
5720528 | Ritchey | Feb 1998 | A |
5725283 | O'Neill | Mar 1998 | A |
5730502 | Montgomery, Jr. | Mar 1998 | A |
5732784 | Nelson | Mar 1998 | A |
5736698 | Kapoor | Apr 1998 | A |
5823632 | Burkett | Oct 1998 | A |
5837071 | Andersson et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5842747 | Winchester | Dec 1998 | A |
5845547 | Sollami | Dec 1998 | A |
5848657 | Flood et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5875862 | Jurewicz | Mar 1999 | A |
5884979 | Latham | Mar 1999 | A |
5890552 | Scott et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5896938 | Moeny et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5934542 | Nakamura | Aug 1999 | A |
5935718 | Demo | Aug 1999 | A |
5944129 | Jensen | Aug 1999 | A |
5967250 | Lund | Oct 1999 | A |
5992405 | Sollami | Nov 1999 | A |
6000483 | Jurewicz et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6006846 | Tibbitts | Dec 1999 | A |
6019434 | Emmerich | Feb 2000 | A |
6044920 | Massa | Apr 2000 | A |
6051079 | Andersson | Apr 2000 | A |
6056911 | Griffin | May 2000 | A |
6059373 | Wright et al. | May 2000 | A |
6065552 | Scott | May 2000 | A |
6099081 | Warren et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6102486 | Briese | Aug 2000 | A |
6113195 | Mercier | Sep 2000 | A |
6170917 | Heinrich | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6193770 | Sung | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6196636 | Mills | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6196910 | Johnson | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6199645 | Anderson et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6199956 | Kammerer | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6202761 | Forney | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6216805 | Lays | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6270165 | Peay | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6331035 | Montgomery, Jr. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6332503 | Pessier et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6341823 | Sollami | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6354771 | Bauschulte | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6357832 | Sollami | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6364420 | Sollami | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6371567 | Sollami | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6375272 | Ojanen | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6397652 | Sollami | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6408959 | Bertagnolli et al. | Jun 2002 | B2 |
6412163 | Russell | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6419278 | Cunningham | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6439326 | Huang et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6460637 | Siracki et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6478383 | Ojanen | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6481803 | Ritchey | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6484826 | Anderson et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6499547 | Scott | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6508516 | Kammerer | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6517902 | Drake | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6533050 | Molloy | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6585326 | Sollami | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6601454 | Botnan | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6601662 | Matthias et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6644755 | Kammerer | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6651758 | Xiang et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6668949 | Rives | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6672406 | Beuershausen | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6685273 | Sollami | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6692083 | Latham | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6702393 | Mercier | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6709065 | Peay | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6719074 | Tsuda | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6732817 | Dewey et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6732914 | Sollami | May 2004 | B2 |
6733087 | Hall | May 2004 | B2 |
6739327 | Sollami | May 2004 | B2 |
6758530 | Sollami | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6786557 | Montgomery, Jr. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6824225 | Stiffler | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6846045 | Sollami | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6851758 | Beach | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6854810 | Montgomery, Jr. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6861137 | Griffin et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6863352 | Sollami | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6889890 | Yamazaki et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6929076 | Fanuel et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6938961 | Broom | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6953096 | Gledhill et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6962395 | Mouthaan | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6966611 | Sollami | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6994404 | Sollami | Feb 2006 | B1 |
7118181 | Frear | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7204560 | Mercier | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7234782 | Stehney | Jun 2007 | B2 |
D560699 | Omi | Jan 2008 | S |
7343947 | Sollami | Mar 2008 | B1 |
7369743 | Watkins et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7387345 | Hall et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7390066 | Hall et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7413256 | Hall et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7413258 | Hall et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7419224 | Hall et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7669938 | Hall et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7992944 | Hall et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
20010004946 | Jensen | Jun 2001 | A1 |
20020070602 | Sollami | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020074851 | Montgomery | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020153175 | Ojanen | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020175555 | Mercier | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20030015907 | Sollami | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030047985 | Stiffler | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030052530 | Sollami | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030110667 | Adachi | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030137185 | Sollami | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030140360 | Mansuy et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030141350 | Noro | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030141753 | Peay et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030209366 | McAlvain | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030213354 | Frers | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030230926 | Mondy et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030234280 | Cadden | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040026132 | Hall et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040026983 | McAlvain | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040065484 | McAlvain | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20050035649 | Mercier | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050044987 | Takayama et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050159840 | Lin | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050173966 | Mouthaan | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20060006727 | Frear | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060086537 | Dennis | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060086540 | Griffin | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060125306 | Sollami | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060162969 | Belnap et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060186724 | Stehney | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060237236 | Sreshta | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060261663 | Sollami | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20070013224 | Stehney | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20080036269 | Hall et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080309146 | Hall | Dec 2008 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
3307910 | Sep 1984 | DE |
3431495 | Mar 1986 | DE |
3500261 | Jul 1986 | DE |
3818213 | Nov 1989 | DE |
4039217 | Jun 1992 | DE |
19821147 | Nov 1999 | DE |
10163717 | May 2003 | DE |
0295151 | Jun 1988 | EP |
0412287 | Jul 1990 | EP |
0899051 | Mar 1999 | EP |
1574309 | Sep 2005 | EP |
2004315 | Mar 1979 | GB |
2037223 | Nov 1979 | GB |
2423319 | Aug 2006 | GB |
5280273 | Oct 1993 | JP |
3123193 | Jan 2001 | JP |
2079651 | May 1997 | RU |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20100264721 A1 | Oct 2010 | US |