Sealed combustion range

Abstract

A range for sealed combustion of a gaseous fuel has a hob assembly and an oven. The hob assembly comprises a glass ceramic cooking surface sealed to a support box and one or more burners. The hob assembly and oven are connected to a fresh air intake/exhaust manifold, such that there is no air exchange between the range and the room in which it is located. Narrow heat transfer passageways are defined between the cooking surface and an internal surface around each burner.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a sealed combustion gas range in which the air required for combustion is drawn from outdoors and all combustion products are vented outdoors and in which there is no air interchange between the range and the structure in which it is located.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The development of energy efficient housing technology and the general reduction in air infiltration and leakage in existing North American housing stock have focused public attention on indoor air quality. In older homes, air infiltration, although uncomfortable and energy inefficient, was usually sufficient to dilute any hazardous pollutants generated within the home. However, with tighter home construction, nature, air leakage has been reduced to a minimum and, as a result, pollutants generated in the home can accumulate to harmful levels unless a controlled ventilation system is installed.

Conventional domestic gas ranges are designed to be vented to the interior of the structure in which they are located. As a result, the combustion products, which include substances such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and uncombusted fuel, are present in the house. Studies of indoor air contaminants have cited gas ranges as a major contributor to indoor air pollution. Although gas ranges are usually installed with a vent hood, capture of the combustion products by the hood is incomplete. In homes of tight construction, a further concern is the potential depletion of indoor oxygen levels resulting from interior air being used to support the combustion process.

Known in the art are gas ranges in which the burners are located beneath a glass ceramic top, for ease of cleaning and for appearance. However, ranges of this design do not provide for sealed combustion as the air required for combustion is drawn from indoors and the combustion products are vented to the indoors as well. Also known are gas ranges in which combustion products are exhausted through holes in the aeration bowl of the top burners via an exhaust manifold. In these devices, it is intended that the bottom of the cooking vessel being used will provide a sealing of the burners for capture of the combustion products. However, with these devices the capture of the combustion products is not complete, as there can be significant leakage of combustion products around the vessel. In addition, the air for combustion is drawn from inside the house.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For greater clarity, the term "hob assembly" as used herein means an assembly which includes a surface for supporting a cooking vessel and which includes burners for heating or cooking primarily by radiation and conduction, "oven" means an assembly which includes burners in a closed chamber for heating or cooking primarily by radiation and convection within the chamber and "range" means a combination of a hob assembly and an oven.

According to the present invention, there is provided a hob assembly for sealed combustion comprising:

(a) a solid heat transfer surface for supporting cooking vessels and transferring heat thereto; (b) at least one burner located beneath said heat transfer surface, said burner being adapted to combust a gaseous fuel; (c) means for supplying a gaseous fuel to each burner; (d) a combustion air inlet for supplying fresh combustion air to each burner; (e) exhaust means for exhausting the combustion products from each burner; and (f) a first surface located below the heat transfer surface, the first surface having an exhaust vent connected to the exhaust means;

wherein, for each burner, a heat transfer passageway is defined between the first surface and the heat transfer surface, the heat transfer passageway extending between the respective burner and the exhaust vent and having a breadth substantially greater than its height.

The hob assembly includes means for defining the height of the heat transfer passageways, such as a layer of insulating material having an aperture around each burner.

Preferably, the first surface is provided by a burner insert, which defines a generally radial passageway. Most preferably, the insert is supported in a burner box, which is spaced from the solid heat transfer surface by a layer of insulating material, the insulating material then serving to define the width or height of the passageway with the first surface parallel to the heat transfer surface. The insulating material can further provide a seal between the burner insert and the heat transfer surface.

It is preferred for the passageway to have a height or width of 2-3 mm, and length in the radial direction that is of the order of 10 times greater than the height. The circumferential extent or breadth of the passageway will vary with radius, but preferably is an order of magnitude greater than the radial extent of the passageway.

There is also provided a hob assembly as described above in combination with an oven to form a range, the oven including at least one burner located therein, wherein the means for supplying a gaseous fuel is connected to each burner of the oven, and wherein the combustion air inlet and the exhaust means are in communication with the oven for, respectively, supplying combustion air thereto and exhausting combustion products therefrom.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a hob assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 2A is a sectional perspective view of the hob assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2B is a side sectional view of the cooking surface and bezel arrangement of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A is a schematic perspective view of an oven according to the present invention;

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of a corner seal of the oven of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the rear of a range incorporating the hob assembly and oven of FIGS. 1 and 3A;

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of a vent system for use with the range of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C is a perspective view of the air intake/exhaust manifold of the range of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the burner box and ceramic inserts of the hob assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the ceramic insert of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of the burner, ceramic insert and burner box of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternate bezel assembly;

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of a cooking surface thermal protection system according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing incorporation of the cooking surface thermal protection system of FIG. 6 into a hob assembly;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a modified burner according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a modified burner cap; and

FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of a control circuit according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a hob assembly 70 for installation on a standard gas range 1 or incorporation into a range according to the present invention. Included in the hob assembly 70 are hob burners 3 which are preferably uniburner assemblies, but could also be any type of burners commonly used in advanced technology market ranges, such as sealed or unsealed blue flame or infrared ceramic burners. These type of burners are known in the art, and are typically constructed of brass, iron, steel, aluminum, or ceramic or combinations thereof. The hob burners 3 preferably have nickel plated steel burner caps, for increased burner life.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the burners 3 are provided with burner caps 92, each having an outer array of ports 94 in an outer conical face, which are inclined upwards at a small angle. The outer array of ports 94 preferably includes ports of different diameters. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, ports having diameters of 1.4 mm and 1.9 mm are arranged as shown. It is preferred. to provide an internal array of ports 96 also inclined upwards at a small angle. As described below, this provides uniform heating to a zone of a ceramic or other cooking surface. In a known manner, the burners 3 are provided with a venturi arrangement at the inlet for each burner. Flow of combustion gas then draws the required combustion air into the burner, which discharges through the combustion ports.

The hob burners 3 are supported by a support rack 17, which is integral to an air box 2, and also by gas valve orifice hoods 16. The air box 2 also defines a chamber for the flow of incoming combustion air, as will be described below.

The embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 has four hob burners 3, two of the hob burners 3 located on burner assembly 3A and the other two hob burners 3 located on burner assembly 3B. As such there are two ceramic burner boxes 4 and four ceramic inserts 5 that slip fit into the burner boxes 4 to form combustion chambers for the hob burners 3. Alternatively, the hob assembly 70 may comprise any number of hob burners.

The burner boxes 4 are generally rectangular in shape and include apertures located therein for placement of the ceramic inserts 5. In the preferred embodiment, the ceramic inserts 5 are generally annular in shape, and have a central opening for the burner 3. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the inserts 5 include a plurality of holes 82 located proximate the outer edge of the insert 5, providing an exhaust vent. The inner edge of the insert 5 is preferably chamfered, as shown in FIG. 6 at reference numeral 84, or countersunk. The burner boxes 4 and inserts 5 are preferably made from vacuum formed alumina silicate fibers rated at 1260.degree. C., which have been machined and then impregnated with colloidal silica for rigidity.

At each bottom corner of each burner box 4 is a push fit thimble 7 sealed thereto by a high temperature silicone sealant. Affixed in each thimble 7 is a compression spring 6, which ensures that the burner box 4 is pressed against a ceramic fiber paper gasket (described below), which separates the burner box 4 from the ceramic cooking surface 26. Springs 6 are sufficiently compressible to allow the cooking surface 26 to flex should it be subjected to mechanical shocks. Also, springs 6 should not exert substantial upward pressure on surface 26, as such pressure will tend to warp the surface 26, but should exert sufficient pressure to maintain a good seal between the burner boxes 4, ceramic fiber gasket and cooking surface 26.

The burner boxes 4 are fitted directly into a hob chassis 8 as drop-in units. The hob chassis 8 is fastened to the top of the range 1 with an appropriate amount of bolts 9 and nuts (not shown). An exhaust port 11 is located between the two burner boxes 4, and provides for the separation of the burner boxes 4 necessary for proper use of the hob assembly. The exhaust port 11 is generally box-like and is integral with hob chassis 8. As will be described below, the exhaust port 11 is connected to a central exhaust system which exhausts the combustion products to the outdoors.

The gaseous fuel for combustion in the hob burners 3 is supplied from an external source (not shown) to a gas manifold 19 in known manner. A gas pressure regulator 18 is used to control and maintain a uniform pressure in gas manifold 19. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a common gas manifold 19 supplies gas to all four hob burners 3, the gas flow commencing when a solenoid gas valve 20 is energized, the solenoid valve 20 providing on electrically actuated safety valve. However, the gas manifold 19 could also be partitioned such that two or four solenoid gas valves are used to supply the hob burners 3. Such a partitioning has several advantages, as will be outlined below.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, four manually operable hob burner gas valves 21 are installed on the gas manifold 19 at the front of the range 1. The hob burner gas valves 21 extend through a control knob panel 38 and burner control knobs 22 are attached to the portions so extending.

The top of the hob assembly 70 comprises a glass ceramic cooking surface 26. The cooking surface 26 used herein is made of CERAN (trade mark) glass ceramic, manufactured by Schott, Germany, and has a length of 752 mm, a width of 573 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. Glass ceramic as identified above has a high physical strength, a low thermal expansion and good heat transfer characteristics. Alternatively, cooking surface 26 may be steel, stainless steel or aluminum or may comprise discs of glass ceramic, steel, stainless steel or aluminum imbedded in another material.

Prior to being installed in a metal bezel 27, which is preferably aluminum or stainless steel, the circumference of cooking surface 26 is surrounded by a foam rubber strip 40. As is shown in FIG. 2B, cooking surface 26 is secured in bezel 27 by a set of metal strips 41, which surround the bottom of the surface 26 proximate the foam rubber strip 40, compression clips 42 and screws 43. By turning screws 43 such that clips 42 abut strips 41, the bezel 27 can be firmly attached to cooking surface 26. A closed cell foam rubber gasket 31 is attached to the bottom of bezel 27. Gasket 31 forms a seal with metal strips 32, 33, which are attached to chassis 8. The seal so formed prevents room air from entering hob assembly 70.

The cooking surface 26 is positioned on the hob chassis 8 by the use of two locating pins 28, which extend downwardly from bezel 27, each locating pin 28 being adapted to engage a hole located in hob chassis 8. Thus, bezel 27, and hence cooking surface 26, is not mechanically fastened to hob chassis 8, and therefore can be easily removed by lifting, for example if cleaning is desired.

An alternate bezel arrangement is shown in FIG. 8. In this arrangement, the cooking surface fits into a metal frame 71, preferably of steel or stainless steel, and is sealed thereto by silicone sealant or any other suitable adhesive.

A ceramic fiber paper gasket 29 separates the burner boxes 4 and the cooking surface 26. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, two gaskets 29 are provided, one for each side of the hob assembly 70. Alternatively, a single gasket 29 may be used, underlying the whole of the cooking surface 26. The preferred gasket 29 is sold under the trade mark FIBERFRAX 970, such gaskets having a composition of approximately 52% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 48% SiO.sub.2 and having a nominal uncompressed thickness of 3.20 mm.

Apertures are provided in the gasket 29 proximate the location of the burners 3, such that the products of combustion of the gaseous fuel can directly contact the bottom of the cooking surface 26. The apertures are smaller than the ceramic inserts 5, such that the gasket 29 seals any gap between the burner box 4 and the ceramic insert 5, as is shown in FIG. 7. When the hob assembly 70 is assembled, the gaskets 29 are compressed between the burner boxes 4 and the cooking surface 26 by the springs 6, providing a seal therebetween.

The cooking surface 26 thus defines a narrow annular heat transfer passageway 86 above each insert 5, the width or height of the passageway being equal to the thickness of the ceramic fiber gasket 29, which in the compressed state is in the range of 2-3 mm. This creates a narrow gap, through which the hot combustion products must pass. This promotes heat transfer as first, the combustion products must travel at a relatively high velocity, and secondly, unlike some earlier proposals, the combustion products pass close to the cooking surface 26.

Experiments with a double thickness of the gasket 29 resulted in an approximate 20% loss of efficiency. With the single layer gasket 29, an efficiency comparable to an open flame burner can be achieved.

The top of the inserts 5 can be shaped to give any desired velocity profile in the passageway 86. For example, the passageway can decrease in width or height in the radially outwards direction, so as to maintain a constant velocity.

As compared to earlier proposals, it will also be appreciated that the breadth or circumferential extent of the passageway, which will increase with the radius, is considerably greater than its width.

In this preferred embodiment, each insert 5 has an approximate diameter of 178 mm with the aperture in the gasket 29 being 165 mm. The outer diameter of the chamfered section 84 is 102 mm, with the holes 82 on a circle of diameter of 146 mm, to give a radial path length through the passageway 86 of 22 mm. The ratio of radial path length to width of the passageway 86 is then in the range of approximately 11 to 1. The circumferential extent or breadth of the passageway 86 increases from 320 mm at the inlet side to 460 mm at the holes 82.

The flow of combustion products through the hob assembly 70 will now be described with reference to FIG. 7. When a gaseous fuel and air mixture is combusted as it exits the ports in the burner 3, the combustion products flow upwards and into a passageway 86 formed by the separation of the bottom of the cooking surface 26 from the top of the burner boxes 4 and the ceramic inserts 5. As will be apparent, this separation is due to the thickness of the gasket 29. The combustion products move radially outwards through the passageway 86 and across the top of the ceramic insert 5 and then flow downward into the holes 82 located around the periphery of the insert 5. The holes 82 are sized to effectively provide a uniform flow distribution of combustion products within the passageway 86 and across the top of the ceramic insert 5, and in the preferred embodiment are 8 mm in diameter.

The combustion products then enter a chamber 88, which is formed by the facing surfaces of the burner box 4 and the insert 5. From the chamber 88, the combustion products are exhausted through a passage 90, located in burner box 4, and into the exhaust port 11. The passages 90, which are most clearly shown in FIG. 5, are sized to control the flow rate of the combustion products from each burner 3. Preferably, burner exhaust orifice hoods 15 are fitted into passages 90, for exhausting the combustion products from the individual hob burners into the exhaust port 11.

The top of exhaust port 11 is covered with a ceramic paper gasket 12 and then a cover plate 13, preferably made of steel, which is fixed to the exhaust port 11 by a sufficient quantity of machine screws 14. The exhaust port 11 is insulated from the heat produced by the combustion of the gaseous fuel by a ceramic insulation blanket 30 placed above plate 13. The ceramic insulation blanket 30 also provides a surface level with the ceramic paper gasket 29.

Rubber gaskets 37 located at each end of the control knob panel 38 aid in sealing the hob assembly 70. A heat shield assembly consisting of a first ceramic blanket 34, a blanket support plate 35 and a second ceramic blanket 36 is installed at the front of the gas manifold 19 to shield the front of the range from the temperatures generated by the hob burners 3.

During normal operation of the hob assembly 70, the ceramic inserts 5 attain temperatures in excess of 600.degree. C. and glow bright red, thereby transmitting radiant energy to the cooking surface 26 and any cooking utensil located thereon. With burners of the type described above, and with a uniform array of holes 82, the radiant energy is concentrated over the annular-shaped ceramic insert 5 and above the burner 3, resulting in even heat distribution. The ports 96 on the inside of the burner 3 produce the effect of a second burner with the heat directed towards the center of the cooking zone. This results in a more uniform heat distribution across the cooking zone, and better thermal response and increased thermal efficiency, as compared to just outer ports 94, and enables higher burner inputs to be used. Also, the more uniform heat distribution reduces-the possibility of breakage of the cooking surface 26 due to thermal stress.

In the preferred embodiment, the surface 26 is protected by a cooking surface thermal protection system. The glass ceramic cooking surface 26 has attached to it pairs of precious metal strips 60 as shown in FIG. 10. Preferably strips of gold with a silver termination are used. As shown in FIG. 10, the precious metal strips of each pair are concentric and define an annulus therebetween. The pairs of precious metal strips 60 are attached to the underside of the cooking surface 26 proximate to the location of the hob burners 3. The strips 60 are attached to cooking surface 26 by screen printing a thin film conductor gold resinate paste containing 15% gold and a small amount of non-precious metals in the form of soluble organometallic compounds. The silver termination is also attached by screen printing, using a silver conductor paste containing 82.2% silver and a small amount of soluble non-precious organometallic compounds. The pastes are then dried at between 80.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. for approximately 20 minutes, and then fired for approximately 2 hours to a peak temperature of 750.degree. C. with a 10 minute soak time. Preferably, the gold portion of strips 60 is 0.1 to 0.3 microns in thickness and the silver termination portion is 10 to 14 microns in thickness.

The precious metal strips 60 are connected by high temperature insulated electrical wire 61 to a resistance measuring circuit, of which a functional block diagram is shown in FIG. 9. The resistance measuring circuit measures the resistance of the cooking surface in the annulus between the metal strips in each pair. As stated by the manufacturer of the glass ceramic used herein, the resistance varies with the temperature of the glass ceramic cooking surface 26. The resistance of the annulus between strips 60 is connected in series with a resistance of known value and a voltage applied across this combination. The voltage at the junction is then rectified, filtered and compared with voltages for known temperatures. Should the temperature of the surface 26 as determined by this circuit rise above a predetermined value, the circuit automatically disables the solenoid gas valve 20, shutting off the gas supply to the hob burners 3. Once the temperature of the cooking surface 26 has dropped below the cut-off level, the solenoid gas valve 20 is re-energized to allow burner operation to resume.

Should the hob assembly 70 be fitted with multiple solenoid gas valves 20, as described above, the resistance measuring circuit can be adapted to shut off gas flow to only the burner underneath the area where the temperature of the cooking surface 26 has increased beyond the threshold temperature, thus allowing the other burners to remain in normal operation.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as is illustrated in FIG. 3A, there is provided an oven adapted for sealed combustion. In this embodiment, the corners of the oven box 44 are sealed to prevent any loss of air for combustion to the insulated oven walls. As is shown in FIG. 3B, the corners of the oven box 44 are sealed using angled metal strips 63, which are secured to the oven box 44 by sheet metal screws (now shown). Preferably, a ceramic fiber paper gasket (not shown) is placed between the oven box 44 and the angled metal strips 63. The bottom of the oven box 44 is fitted with a combustion air opening 45 to improve the air distribution along the length of oven bake burner 46.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, combustion air for the oven bake burner 46 and the oven broil burner 62 is supplied from a two compartment air intake/exhaust manifold 49 through an air duct 50 located at the rear of range 1. The combustion air then enters an air chamber 51 located beneath the oven box 44 and is distributed via the combustion air openings 45. The oven exhaust is connected directly to exhaust port 11 by means of a flanged plate 47 with an appropriately sized orifice 48 located thereon, as shown in FIG. 3A. The orifice 48 regulates the flow of combustion products from the oven into the exhaust port 11, and is sized with the passages 90, to give balanced exhaust flow. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the gaseous fuel for combustion is supplied to the oven from an external source (not shown) through a dual thermal bi-metal gas control valve 64, which utilizes a standard gas manifold arrangement.

FIG. 4A shows a range according to the present invention which includes both a hob assembly and an oven. In addition to the separate elements of the hob assembly and the oven as described above, this embodiment comprises a centralized air intake/exhaust system.

A concentric vent system 53 is used to vent the combustion products to outdoors and to draw fresh combustion air inside from outdoors. In the preferred embodiment, the vent system 53 is fabricated from thin wall stainless steel tubing inside a type B steel vent with a twist lock connection. The vent system 53 terminates outdoors in a vent terminal 54. In the preferred embodiment, the combustion products flow outward through the inner pipe of the vent system 53 while fresh combustion air flows inward through the outer pipe resulting in heat exchange between the two flows which improves the efficiency of the range, while maintaining the exterior of the vent system 53 at a reasonable temperature. Also, in this arrangement the combustion products are completely separated from the fresh combustion air. The vent system 53 is attached to an air intake/exhaust manifold 49 located on the back of the range 1. The manifold 49 consists of two separate compartments coupled together to form a single unit, as is illustrated in FIG. 4C. Air openings 49A and 49B in the manifold 49 distribute combustion air from the vent system 53 to air box 2 and air duct 50 respectively.

Combustion air is supplied to the hob assembly 70 as follows. Combustion air flows from vent system 53 into air intake/exhaust manifold 49, through air opening 49A and into air box 2. The combustion air then flows upwardly through the annulus between the burners 3 and the ceramic insert 5, and is used in the combustion of the gaseous fuel. The combustion products are drawn in into exhaust port 11 and then into the intake of an exhaust blower 52. The outlet of exhaust blower 52 is connected to the exhaust portion of the air intake/exhaust manifold 49 and is then exhausted into the inner pipe of the vent system 53.

Exhaust blower 52 is used to vent the combustion products outdoors. The blower 52 operates at a constant speed and maintains a negative pressure throughout the range. The blower 52 is selected to provide a capacity in excess of the maximum amount of combustion products generated. Such a capacity will also compensate for pressure drops in the vent system, as well as for the effects of adverse weather conditions such as heavy winds.

The range 1 preferably also comprises a burner ignition and control system. The system comprises a circuit board 55, which incorporates a logic circuit for burner ignition and time delay circuits. A functional block diagram of the circuit board 55 of the preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 13. When a burner gas valve is turned on, rotation of the respective knob activates a microswitch 56 which signals the circuit board 55, via an OR gate network, to start the exhaust blower 52. This pre-purge of the burner combustion chamber, before the burner is ignited, safeguards against the possibility of a hazard resulting from leakage of gas through the solenoid gas valve when the burners are not in use.

The gas valves 21 are fitted with microswitch activators 58 which activate switches 56 to the closed position when a gas valve control knob 22 is turned to the LITE position. Switches 56 are maintained closed when the burner gas valves 21 are turned down for lower gas inputs to hob burners 3. The switches 56 are electronically interfaced with exhaust blower 52 such that the blower 52 is energized upon any switch 56 becoming activated.

At the end of the pre-purge cycle, timed by DELAY 1 and assuming that at least one gas valve control knob 22 is in the LITE position, the spark ignition module is activated. When a gas valve control knob 22 is in the LITE position or in any other position than OFF, light emitting diodes 39 indicate that the burner is turned on. The spark electrode assembly 23 is powered by the electronic spark module 24, and is connected therewith by a high temperature insulated electrical wire assembly 25.

After a second preset time delay, DELAY 2, the gas solenoid valve 20 is energized. The circuitry is such that the gas solenoid valve 20 can only be energized when the differential pressure switch 57 has been and is continuously activated. Gas flows, so that a spark from an appropriate spark assembly 23 can ignite the gas.

The circuit board 55 also monitors when all burners in the hob assembly 70 have been turned off and thereupon initiates a preset post-purge cycle. This post-purge cycle is set by DELAY 3, which maintains the blower 52 in operation for a present time after all the microswitches 56 have opened.

If multiple solenoid gas valves 20 are used in the hob assembly 70, the circuit board would be appropriately modified.

While the present invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and any such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hob assembly for sealed combustion comprising:

(a) a solid heat transfer surface for supporting cooking vessels and transferring heat thereto;

(b) at least one burner located beneath said heat transfer surface, (said) each burner being adapted to combust a gaseous fuel;

(c) means for supplying a gaseous fuel to each burner;

(d) a combustion air inlet for supplying fresh combustion air to each burner;

(e) exhaust means for exhausting the combustion products from each burner;

(f) a first surface located adjacent each burner and below the heat transfer surface, each first surface having an exhaust vent connected to the exhaust means; and

(g) a thin layer of insulating material separating each first surface from said heat transfer surface, said layer of insulating material having an aperture around each burner,

wherein, for each burner, a heat transfer passageway is defined between the first surface adjacent the burner and the heat transfer surface, which heat transfer passageway extends from the burner to the exhaust vent and has a breadth substantially greater than the height thereof.

2. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exhaust vent comprises, for each of said burners, a plurality of holes radially and uniformly spaced around the burner for exhausting the combustion products from the burner.

3. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 2, which includes a plurality of burners and a burner insert for each burner, each of which inserts provides the first surface for the corresponding burner, wherein said burner inserts include the plurality of holes radially spaced from each of said plurality of burners and wherein the exhaust means includes a common exhaust box in communication with the holes.

4. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 3, which includes resilient biasing means biasing the burner inserts against the insulating material.

5. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein, for each burner, the heat transfer passageway extends generally radially from each burner to the respective holes, and for each burner, the respective holes are uniformly arranged both radially and circumferentially.

6. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein the burner inserts are supported in a burner box, and the layer of insulating material overlaps the inserts to seal them with respect to the heat transfer surface, and wherein each burner includes both radially inner and outer ports.

7. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 6, which includes two burner boxes located on either side of the common exhaust box, each of which burner boxes includes at least one opening for a burner, wherein each burner insert is located in one of the burner boxes, to define an exhaust chamber into which the holes of that insert open, wherein each burner box provides an exhaust passage from each exhaust chamber to the common exhaust box, and wherein the exhaust passages are sized to control the exhaust flow and the burner boxes are biased by the resilient biasing means against the insulating material.

8. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein each insert is formed from an insulating material and provides a first surface that is substantially parallel to the heat transfer surface, whereby heat conduction down into the assembly is reduced and each insert radiates heat towards the solid heat transfer surface.

9. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the solid heat transfer surface comprises a ceramic glass top, wherein the thin layer of insulating material comprises at least one ceramic paper gasket, and wherein a ceramic insulation blanket is provided between the exhaust box and the ceramic top.

10. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 1, in combination with an oven, to form a range, the oven including at least one burner located therein, wherein the means for supplying a gaseous fuel is connected to each burner of the oven, and wherein the combustion air inlet and the exhaust means are in communication with the oven, for, respectively, supplying combustion air thereto and exhausting combustion products therefrom.

11. A range as claimed in claim 10, wherein the oven includes a combustion air opening in the bottom thereof and an air duct providing communication between the combustion air opening and the combustion air inlet, and the oven further includes an exhaust outlet at the top thereof, in communication with the exhaust means.

12. A range as claimed in claim 11, which includes an air box in which the burners are located and supported, the air box defining a chamber for supplying combustion air to the burners, and which includes a combustion air inlet manifold, which includes said combustion air inlet, and which is in communication with both the air box and the oven, for supplying combustion air.

13. A range as claimed in claim 12, which includes a vent comprising an outer pipe and an inner pipe located within the outer pipe, the outer pipe forming a duct for incoming combustion air and the inner pipe forming a duct for exhausting combustion products, and wherein the combustion air inlet and the exhaust means comprise a combined inlet and exhaust manifold connected to the vent pipe, the combustion air inlet opening into the outer pipe, and the exhaust means opening into the inner pipe.

14. A range as claimed in claim 13, wherein the exhaust means comprises a common exhaust box located within the air box which is in communication with the burner and the exhaust manifold of the oven and includes a connection between the top of the oven and the bottom of the exhaust box.

15. A range as claimed in claim 14, wherein the exhaust means includes an extraction fan connected downstream of the burners and the oven, the extraction fan exhausting combustion products and providing a flow of combustion air and maintaining a sub-atmospheric pressure within the hob assembly and the oven.

16. A hob assembly for sealed combustion and for providing a heat transfer efficiency comparable to an open flame burner, the hob assembly comprising:

(a) a solid heat transfer surface for supporting cooking vessels and transferring heat thereto;

(b) at least one burner located beneath said heat transfer surface, each burner being adapted to combust a gaseous fuel;

(c) means for supplying a gaseous fuel to each burner;

(d) a combustion air inlet for supplying fresh combustion air to each burner;

(e) exhaust means for exhausting the combustion products from each burner;

(f) a first surface located adjacent each burner and below the heat transfer surface, each first surface having an exhaust vent connected to the exhaust means;

(g) spacing means spacing each first surface from the heat transfer surface, whereby a heat transfer passageway is defined between the first surface adjacent each burner and the heat transfer surface, which heat transfer passageway extends from the burner to the exhaust vent, has a breadth substantially greater than the height thereof, and has a height that is substantially 2 to 3 millimeters; and

(h) resilient biasing means biasing each first surface towards the heat transfer surface, to maintain the spacing means in contact therewith,

17. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 16, which includes, for each burner, a burner insert, which provides the first surface for the burner and which includes a plurality of holes radially and uniformly spaced around the burner for exhausting the combustion products from the burner.

18. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 17 wherein the spacing means comprises a thin layer of insulating material which separates each first surface from said heat transfer surface, said layer insulating material having an aperture around each burner.

19. A hob assembly as claimed in claim 18 wherein resilient biasing means biases the first surfaces against the insulating material.