Patent Grant
7718442
The present application is related to the following non-provisional applications: Ser. No. 10/252,352, filed Sep. 20, 2002, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF STORING AND RETRIEVING STORAGE ELEMENTS;” Ser. No. 10/150,770, filed May 17, 2002, entitled “SAMPLE CARRIER RECEIVER;” Ser. No. 10/150,771, filed May 17, 2002, entitled “SAMPLE CARRIER SYSTEM;” Ser. No. 10/005,529, filed Nov. 7, 2001, entitled “APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD OF ARCHIVAL AND RETRIEVAL OF SAMPLES;” Ser. No. 10/005,415, filed Nov. 7, 2001, entitled “ARCHIVE AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD;” and Ser. No. 10/007,355, filed Nov. 7, 2001, entitled “SAMPLE CARRIER.” The disclosures of all the foregoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
Aspects of the present invention relate generally to archival and retrieval of sample material, and more particularly to a system and method of storing a solid medium in a sealed storage element and removing same therefrom.
In many applications such as pharmaceutical and medical research, law enforcement, and military identification, for example, it is often desirable to have access to numerous biological samples. Conventional biorepositories or other sample storage facilities typically utilize liquid or other low temperature cryogenic systems for sample storage; these cryogenic systems are expensive both to create and to maintain. Additionally, current technology generally presents system operators with complicated and labor intensive maintenance and administrative responsibilities.
Specifically, the intricacies of cryogenic systems may typically oblige technicians, researchers, and system operators to engage in coordinated labor for weeks to retrieve and to prepare thousands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from whole blood. Accordingly, conventional approaches for archiving DNA in cryogenic states are fundamentally inadequate to the extent that they do not accommodate high volume processing and sample throughput. Current research trends recognize benefits associated with systems and methods of archiving and retrieving biological and non-biological samples which may be capable of processing thousands of samples per day; current cryogenic technology, however, is inadequate to attain throughput at this level. In fact, cryogenic storage facilities cannot accommodate processing throughput of one hundred or more samples per day from tens of thousands of archived samples.
Although some low throughput liquid-state DNA and blood archival techniques have been useful in the past, present methodologies are not capable of supporting the increasing storage and retrieval rates required as advancing genomics technology becomes more prevalent as a research and diagnostic tool. Since the traditional cryogenic-based archival format is difficult and expensive to automate, systems based upon existing technology are generally not amenable to the high throughput demands of the market.
Recently, biological research laboratory systems have been proposed which incorporate archival and retrieval of blood samples in dry or desiccated form. Typical systems employing conventional technology are generally based upon modifications or variations of known techniques for storing DNA or other organic samples on a suitable substrate such as filter paper. Improved systems and methods incorporating automated archival and retrieval of biological and non-biological sample material have been disclosed in the related co-pending applications noted above.
In particular, full automation of the storage and retrieval processes in sample archival systems may employ robotics and other machinery operating repeatedly to identify, to retrieve, and to replace individual storage elements within a large volume storage room or vault.
In a storage and retrieval system, it is usually important for economic reasons to maximize the storage density, i.e. the quantity of items stored per unit volume, footprint area, or cost. Conventional commercial storage and retrieval systems usually consist of an array of bins, shelves, or trays mounted in a regular array with some mechanism for retrieving an individual storage element and placing it in a position where a robot or an operator can select samples. Common automated embodiments include:
Pigeonhole systems are most commonly used in situations where each of the plurality of items to be stored is similar in size and shape. In this case, a Cartesian manipulator traverses the array to move items between the pigeonholes and a fixed access point. Typically, there are two planes of slots, analogous to a pair of facing bookshelves.
Conventional commercial versions of such storage systems are supplied at a fixed minimum pitch, or spacing between storage elements. When storing items which have a thickness less than the minimum pitch, storage density is reduced due to wasted space between storage elements. Significantly improved archival and retrieval systems and methods are disclosed in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/252,352, filed Sep. 20, 2002, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF STORING AND RETRIEVING STORAGE ELEMENTS;” these systems and methods allow greater use of available volume for storing laboratory storage elements and other regularly shaped objects.
What is needed is a sealed storage element system and method configured and operative for use in conjunction with numerous laboratory and archive facilities having various design configurations and differing operational characteristics.
Embodiments of the present invention overcome the foregoing and various other shortcomings of conventional technology, facilitating storage and removal of a sample carrier with respect to a sealed storage element.
As set forth in detail below, some embodiments of a sealed storage element may generally comprise a container having a reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier and an ejection opening configured and operative to allow ejection of the sample carrier. Such a storage element may further comprise a first film applied to a first surface of the storage element and sealing the ejection opening. Depending upon system requirements, the first film may be radio frequency transparent or optically transparent.
Additionally, a storage element may further comprise a second film applied to a second surface of the storage element and sealing the reception opening. As with the first film, the second film may be radio frequency transparent or optically transparent.
In some embodiments of a storage element, at least one of the first film and the second film may be polymeric; additionally or alternatively, at least one of the first film and the second film may be metallic. The storage element may be generally constituted such that the container is a well of a multi-well plate, and may further comprise identifying indicia; in some embodiments, the indicia may comprise a bar code.
In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, a storage element as illustrated and described herein may generally comprise a plurality of containers; each of the plurality of containers having a respective reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier and a respective ejection opening configured and operative to allow ejection of the sample carrier. The plurality of containers may be arranged in a predetermined spatial relationship. The storage element may generally be constituted such that each of the plurality of containers is a well of a multi-well plate, and may further comprise identifying indicia. The identifying indicia may comprise or be embodied in a bar code, for example.
As set forth below, such an embodiment of a storage element may further comprise a first film applied to a first surface of the storage element and sealing the respective ejection opening of selected ones of the plurality of containers. Additionally, the storage element may further comprise a second film applied to a second surface of the storage element and sealing the respective reception opening of selected ones of the plurality of containers.
At least, one of the first film and the second film may be radio frequency transparent; additionally or alternatively, at least one of the first film and the second film may be optically transparent. In accordance with some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first film and the second film may be polymeric or metallic.
In accordance with one embodiment set forth in detail below, a method of archiving a sample may comprise: providing a storage element comprising a container having a reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier and an ejection opening configured and operative to allow ejection of the sample carrier; sealing the ejection opening; inserting a sample carrier into the container through the reception opening; and archiving sample material maintained on the sample carrier in the container.
Such a method of archiving may further comprise sealing the reception opening subsequent to the inserting. In some embodiments, an archiving method may further comprise loading the sample carrier with specimen material; the loading may comprise providing specimen material to the container through the reception opening. Similarly, the method may further comprise providing preservatives to the container through the reception opening.
As set forth in detail herein, sealing the ejection opening may comprise applying a first film to a first surface of the storage element; in some embodiments, such applying comprises bonding the first film around the perimeter of the ejection opening. Similarly, sealing the reception opening may generally comprise applying a second film to a second surface of the storage element; in this instance, such applying may comprise bonding the second film around the perimeter of the reception opening.
Additionally, a method of archiving in accordance with the present disclosure may further comprise selectively orienting the sample carrier subsequent to the inserting. The orienting may comprise exerting a magnetic force on the sample carrier; in turn, the exerting may comprise applying a magnetic field to the storage element.
In accordance with additional embodiments set forth in detail below, a method of inserting a sample carrier into a storage element generally comprises: providing a storage element comprising a container having a reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier and an ejection opening configured and operative to allow ejection of the sample carrier; providing a substrate comprising a sample storage medium; selectively cutting a sample carrier from the substrate; and inserting the sample carrier into the container through the reception opening.
In some embodiments, the method of further comprises sealing the ejection opening prior to the inserting. Additionally or alternatively, the method may further comprise sealing the reception opening subsequent to the inserting.
As set forth in the following detailed description, the selectively cutting may comprise utilizing a cutting template influencing a dimension of the sample carrier; further, the inserting may comprise utilizing a retention template dimensioned in accordance with the reception opening and the cutting template. The inserting may further comprise utilizing a plunger to advance the sample carrier through the retention template and through the reception opening.
Additionally, the method of inserting a sample carrier into a storage element may further comprise loading the sample carrier with specimen material subsequent to the inserting. In some embodiments, the loading comprises providing specimen material to the container through the reception opening.
As set forth below, methods are disclosed wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose sample support medium such as filter paper. Additional methods are disclosed wherein the substrate comprises a polymeric sample support medium such as polyurethane.
Sealing the ejection opening may comprise applying a first film to a first surface of the storage element, and sealing the reception opening may comprise applying a second film to a second surface of the storage element.
As with archiving a sample carrier, a method of inserting a sample carrier into a storage element may further comprise selectively orienting the sample carrier subsequent to the inserting; embodiments are disclosed wherein the selectively orienting comprises exerting a magnetic force on the sample carrier. The exerting, in turn, may comprise applying a magnetic field to the storage element.
As illustrated and described in detail below, a method of ejecting a sample carrier from a sealed storage element may comprise: providing a storage element comprising a container having a reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier and an ejection opening configured and operative to allow ejection of said sample carrier; aligning an ejector with the container; inserting the ejector through the reception opening; and ejecting the sample carrier from the container through the ejection opening.
Embodiments of the foregoing method are disclosed wherein the storage element comprises a plurality of containers and wherein the method further comprises identifying a location of a target sample carrier in the storage element. The identifying and the aligning may further comprise utilizing a signal received from a transceiver co-located with the target sample carrier. In accordance with some exemplary methods, the transceiver is activated by radio frequency energy or by optical energy.
As with the embodiments noted above, a method of ejecting a sample carrier from a sealed storage element may further comprise selectively orienting the target sample carrier; this orienting may occur prior to the utilizing. Selectively orienting may comprise exerting a magnetic force on the target sample carrier.
In some disclosed methods, the inserting comprises piercing a film sealing the reception opening, and the ejecting comprises piercing a film sealing the ejection opening. Additionally, methods are disclosed comprising providing a daughter plate to receive the sample carrier responsive to the ejecting.
In accordance with some embodiments, an archive system as illustrated and described herein generally comprises: a receptacle having a support surface; a plurality of storage elements arranged in a two dimensional configuration on the support surface, each of the plurality of storage elements comprising a container having a reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier and an ejection opening configured and operative to allow ejection of the sample carrier; and an ejector apparatus. The ejector apparatus is operative to: align an ejector with a target container in a selected one of the plurality of storage elements; insert the ejector through the reception opening in the target container; and eject the sample carrier from the target container through the ejection opening.
The archive system may further comprise a handling apparatus selectively operative to engage targeted ones of the plurality of storage elements. In some archive systems, each of the plurality of storage elements is oriented on end; embodiments of such an archive system are disclosed wherein each of the plurality of storage elements is sealed at the reception opening and at the ejection opening.
The foregoing and other aspects of various embodiments of the present invention will be apparent through examination of the following detailed description thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A system and method operative in accordance with the present disclosure facilitate storage and retrieval of individual or discrete samples of biological, non-biological, and chemical material stored on dry media which may be either solid or porous. In accordance with some embodiments, sample material may be disposed upon or within a porous or solid (i.e., non-porous) sample storage medium and subsequently archived in, and retrieved from, storage elements such as multi-well plates, for example, using robotic devices or other automated apparatus. The storage medium may be selectively transferred, contamination free, from a sealed storage element to a selected well in a daughter plate, for example, or to another suitable container or receptacle when recovery of the sample material is desired.
In that regard, the disclosed apparatus and system enable ejection of sample material from a sealed storage element into a specific well of a multi-well daughter plate, or into a specific cuvette, test tube, or similar container. In some embodiments, a sample carrier comprising a storage medium may be punched or ejected through a first seal of the storage element with an apparatus or implement such as a disposable piercing tip, for instance, inserted through a second seal of the storage element.
Accordingly, a sample storage element may comprise or be embodied in a bottomless multi-well plate wherein each well, or container, of the plate may be configured and operative to contain a discrete sample. A first sealing film may seal a first surface, such as the bottom, for example, of the storage element. A discrete sample (which may be disposed on, or carried by, a sample storage medium at a discrete sample node as described below, for example) may be introduced into a respective container of the storage element. A second sealing film may seal a second surface, such as the top of the storage element, for example, to protect the sample from contamination or degradation.
A semi-rigid rod, wire, or similar elongate member may selectively pierce the films, ejecting the sample carrier disposed in a particular target container or well in the storage element. The material selected for the ejector may generally be rigid enough to pierce the sealing films, but soft enough to allow a sharp bias cut. In some embodiments, the ejector may be constructed of low cost and disposable materials such as plastics or other polymers.
Turning now to the drawings,
As indicated in
In that regard, the relative proportions, size, length, diameter, and other physical characteristics of stem 112 and identification structure 113 may be selected in accordance with the intended use of carrier 110. In some embodiments, for example, carrier 110 may be grasped and transported or otherwise manipulated by robotic gripping mechanisms, vacuum or magnetic chucks, or other automatic apparatus; accordingly, identification structure 113 and stem 112 may constructed of suitable material and be so dimensioned as to provide sufficient rigidity and structural integrity to withstand any external forces exerted by automatic handling or gripping devices on identification structure 113. Similarly, as set forth herein, carrier 110 may be configured and operative to engage a storage element (such as represented by reference numeral 120 in
Structural elements of carrier 110 may be constructed of any material with sufficient rigidity to enable the manipulation and transport of carrier 110 by robotics or other automated mechanisms as described above. It will be appreciated that the structural elements of carrier 110, including sample node 111, may be formed or molded as an integrated unit, for example; in some embodiments, carrier 110 may be fabricated using injection molding techniques generally known in the art, for instance. Alternatively, some or all of the components may be fabricated individually and subsequently attached, adhered, fused, joined, or otherwise integrated to form a unified structure for carrier 110. Sample node 111, stem 112, and identification structure 113 may be fabricated of polystyrene or various plastics, for example, such that the overall structure of carrier 110 is afforded suitable stiffness without rendering carrier 110 unnecessarily heavy or cumbersome. It will be appreciated that various fabrication techniques generally known in the art may be used to construct carrier 110 and the various components illustrated in
As noted generally above, the exemplary embodiment of carrier 110 generally comprises sample node 111 operative to carry a discrete sample and identifier 119 operative to provide information associated with the discrete sample carried at node 111. In the illustrated arrangement, identifier 119 is co-located with the sample it identifies.
The term “co-located” in this context generally refers to the location of both the sample and identification or other information associated with the sample. For instance, identifier 119 may be attached, adhered, fused, coupled, or otherwise connected to node 111 as described above, for example, via suitable components such as stem 112 and identification structure 113; alternatively, as described in detail below with reference to
In that regard, identifier 119 and node 111 may be “permanently” co-located such as through physical attachment (
Permanently co-locating node 111 and identifier 119 substantially as set forth herein may ensure that information associated with a particular discrete sample is always available at the location of that sample. Accordingly, handling errors (arising for example, due to misplacement of node 111) may be minimized or eliminated, since the sample at node 111 may be identified by reference to identifier 119, and since identifier 119 is integrated with or connected to node 111.
It will be appreciated that sample node 111 may be substantially spherical as represented in
Sample node 111 may bind sample material directly or indirectly. In that regard, an exemplary node 111 may generally comprise, or be constructed entirely of, a sample support medium. In some embodiments, for example, node 111 may simply be coated with a selected sample support medium such that node 111 binds a sample indirectly; alternatively, the entire structure of node 111 may be fabricated of a sample support medium (i.e., sample support medium may constitute the structure of node 111) to bind the sample directly. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, sample support media for use at sample node 111 may be embodied in paper or cellulose, polymers such as polystyrene or chitosan, plastics, ceramics, or other suitable support material constructed and operative to serve as a long-term storage mechanism for biological or other sample material. Specimen material in solid, liquid, or gaseous form may be brought into contact with the sample support medium and stored as a sample at discrete sample node 111.
In some embodiments, for example, such a sample support medium may maintain samples of biopolymers, including polynucleotides such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as well as proteins, or non-biological samples, including fluorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), environmental pollutants, and synthetic chemical compounds. As noted above, filter paper substrate embodiments are currently known in the art; for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,203 discloses a dry solid medium for storage of sample material which may be suitable for incorporation into sample carrier 110. The disclosure of this United States Patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure is not intended to be limited with respect to specific sample support media employed at node 111. Accordingly, a support medium suitable for implementation at sample node 111 may generally comprise any appropriate material known in the art or developed and operative in accordance with known principles, and may be selected in accordance with binding properties as a function of the type of sample to be carried and maintained.
In that regard, an appropriate sample support medium may be solid or porous, for example, depending, in part, upon the type of specimen to be stored as a sample at node 111. Additionally or alternatively, the sample support medium may be treated with one or more chemical compounds or derivatized, for instance, to manipulate various binding properties prior to contact with a specimen. Positive or negative electrical charges, chemical compositions, binding characteristics, antibodies, lectins, porosity, and other operational factors for sample node 111 may be selected in accordance with the type of sample support medium implemented and the type or nature of any processes performed thereon.
Biological and non-biological samples may be stored in a controlled environment. In that regard, humidity, temperature, and other environmental factors may be controlled in a fireproof vault or other structure employed as an archive. In some embodiments, environmental conditions may be selectively altered depending, for instance, upon the nature of the samples, the composition of the sample support medium employed at sample node 111, or both, to preserve longevity of the samples for decades. In a biopolymer (such as a polynucleotide) archival embodiment, for example, the sample support medium may include a chemically treated surface or structure, serving to lyse particular specimen cells and to immobilize the polynucleotide structure to the sample support medium or substrate at discrete sample node 111. Additionally or alternatively, preservatives may be applied, embedded, impregnated, or otherwise incorporated onto or into the sample support medium; such preservatives may ensure the stability and fidelity of the polynucleotide structure for tens of years. Sample node 111, which may be characterized by a discrete pellet or sphere as represented in
Cross contamination may be virtually eliminated by storing a sample on node 111. In some instances, mechanical contact involving a mechanical sample removal device may be minimized or entirely eliminated during retrieval, extraction, purification, packaging, and shipping. Moreover, since carrier 110 or handling and identification structure 113 may be amenable to manipulation by standard robotics, an entire archive facility may be easily automated to achieve high throughput rates (for example, greater than one hundred samples per day).
Polynucleotides such as DNA or RNA archived and retrieved using sample carrier 110 as set forth above may be well suited for large-scale genetic analysis, and may yield samples which are superior (relative to conventional liquid phase or cryogenic technologies) for pharmacogenetics or other types of genetic discovery analyses. Specifically, implementation of sample node 111 may automatically standardize the quantity and quality of polynucleotide storage due to the inherent loading properties of the sample support medium and any embedded chemicals serving to diminish PCR inhibitors; accordingly, the requirements and complexities of quantification procedures following purification in conventional polynucleotide extraction may be simplified, reduced, or eliminated entirely. Additionally, dry or desiccated archive samples are not continuously degraded during repeated freezing and thawing cycles as is common in cryogenic systems.
In operation, identifier 119 may generally maintain or provide information associated with the discrete sample carried at node 111. In some embodiments, identifier 119 may enable access to such information, maintaining or providing a unique code, serial number, or other identifying indicia associated with the sample; in such embodiments, a database or other record store may be interrogated or queried for information associated with the sample using the code or signal displayed or provided by identifier 119.
In this context, therefore, and to simplify further discussion, it will be appreciated that the functionality of identifier 119 referred to as “providing” information associated with a sample generally encompasses, without limitation: maintaining or storing such information, in whole or in part, at identifier 119; communicating, transmitting, or otherwise conveying such information, in whole or in part, from identifier 119; and reflecting, signaling, transmitting, or otherwise communicating a unique code, signal, data stream, or other indicator operative to identify the sample and to enable access to such information.
In the
In some embodiments, for example, optical reading equipment may generally comprise machine vision technology, video cameras, or other optical sensors which are capable of identifying or locating the elements represented in the bar code or other indicia of identifier 119 using instruments or receptors which are sensitive to various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this embodiment, optical information (from the visible portion of the spectrum) or other electromagnetic information (such as microwave, infrared, or radio frequencies, for example) may be used to ascertain the identity, nature, and general constitution of the co-located sample carried at node 111.
In particular, identifier 119 may be embodied in a miniature light-activated transponder or transceiver, for example. As is generally known in the art, visible, fluorescent, or coherent light or other suitable optical energy of a selected wavelength and frequency delivered by an appropriate source such as a laser, for example, may provide energy to photovoltaic cell incorporated in identifier 119. In this embodiment, optical energy captured or received at such a cell may power a microcontroller or microchip, additional circuitry and associated electronic memory, and a transmitter. Alternatively, radio frequency (RF) energy may be used to activate a transceiver at identifier 119.
As is generally known in the art, a microchip in identifier 119 may access memory, retrieve information associated with the co-located sample carried at node 111, influence operation of a transmitter, and enable transmission of a signal representative of the information associated with the sample. Alternatively, the transmitter may transmit a distinct or unique identifier code or signal associated with the co-located sample at node 111; data records and other information regarding the sample carried at node 111 may be accessed by another device in a remote location, for example, in accordance with the identification signal transmitted or broadcast by the transmitter.
Sample identification and other information maintained and provided by identifier 119 may generally include, but is not limited to: a distinct identifier code or other indicia enabling accurate identification and tracking of the sample; the nature or type of sample (e.g., blood, DNA, RNA, protein, environmental particles, or pollutants); the source or origin of the sample (e.g., age, gender, and medical history of a person, or the location and circumstances under which an environmental sample was collected); the time and date the sample was collected or archived; and the like. Data records or other structures representative of this information may be encoded in identifier 119 itself, for example, or may be maintained in a database or other data storage structure or facility.
In some implementations, sample carrier 110 may be designed or configured to engage a sample container such as a well in a standard or modified multi-well plate. When carrier 110 is engaged with such a container or storage element, node 111 may be brought into contact with specimen material in the well; additionally or alternatively, carrier 110 may engage a clean or unused well (i.e., one containing no specimen material or traces of contaminants) such that the sample material at node 111 may be stored and cross-contamination between samples carried at individual sample nodes may be prevented.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the
In an exemplary rectangular embodiment, storage element 120 generally comprises longitudinal sides 122A, 122B and transverse sides 123A, 123B. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that scientific sample storage and experimentation systems may employ robotic mechanisms for grasping, translating, or otherwise manipulating multi-well plates in a laboratory or sample archive facility. Accordingly, sides 122A-B, 123A-B may be shaped and dimensioned such that suitable gripping or handling mechanisms (whether manual or automated) may engage storage element 120 for appropriate or desired manipulation.
In that regard, storage element 120 may generally be fabricated of any suitable material providing sufficient rigidity and strength to withstand forces exerted by such automated or robotic systems. It may also be desirable to construct storage element 120 of material which will not contaminate any sample or specimen material contained in wells 121. Various plastics, ceramics, polystyrenes, and polymeric or other materials generally known in the art for constructing multi-well plates may be suitable for wells 121 and other components of storage element 120.
Storage element 120 may be fabricated as a single unit, for example, or may generally comprise two or more pieces fabricated individually and subsequently joined, adhered, or otherwise connected. In that regard, some embodiments of storage element 120 may generally comprise a frame structure (not shown) configured and operative to receive discrete rows (such as 126 and 127, for example) of wells. In accordance with this aspect, rows 126 and 127 may be individually fabricated and employed independently as is generally known in the art.
Additionally, storage element 120 may be constructed and operative to support a label, tag, decal, or other identifying indicia 129 which may be unique to storage element 120. As is generally known in the art, identifying indicia 129 may incorporate a bar code (e.g., either one- or two-dimensional), a serial number, or other alpha-numeric or symbolic representation, for example, and may distinguish each particular storage element 120 from others maintained in an archive or laboratory facility. In such an embodiment, indicia 129 may be placed or oriented on a selected side 122A-B, 123A-B such that indicia 129 are neither obscured nor marred by robotics or other mechanisms designed to handle storage element 120.
With reference now to both
In accordance with some embodiments, each well 121 or specimen container in storage element 120 may generally comprise a reception opening configured and operative to receive a sample carrier 110 and an ejection opening configured and operative selectively to allow ejection of the sample carrier 110; this ejection may be executed in cooperation with an ejector (described below). In such an arrangement, storage element 120 may be sealed, both on a first surface 124 as well as on a second surface 125, as set forth in more detail below.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that storage element 120 may include or be configured to accommodate a lid or cover (not shown) such as generally used in conjunction with multi-well plates. In some embodiments, indicia 129 may be placed or oriented such that a cover, when operatively engaged with storage element 120, does not obscure indicia 129; alternatively, a cover for use with storage element 120 may be modified or specifically constructed so as not to obscure indicia 129. In embodiments of storage element 120 comprising a sealing film (sealing, for example, second surface 125) or other structural element preventing contamination of wells 121, a lid or cover may not be required to ensure sample integrity.
In
As described above, a microchip may access memory, retrieve information associated with the co-located sample carried at node 111, and facilitate transmission of a signal representative of the information associated with the sample. In some embodiments, the transmitter may transmit a distinct or unique identifier code or signal associated with the co-located sample at node 111; accordingly, data records and other information regarding the sample carried at node 111 may be accessed by another device in a remote location, for example, responsive to the identification signal transmitted or broadcast by the transmitter.
With reference now to
As with the implementations described above, applied electromagnetic energy may power the transceiver which comprises an appropriate receiving antenna and a tuned capacitor (not shown). The capacitor may drive electronics, including a transmitter, which in turn may transmit a distinct or unique RF signal or code identifying the co-located sample carried at node 111.
In the foregoing embodiment, the transceiver may be embedded within the sample support medium of node 111; alternatively, node 111 may be fabricated or constructed as a sheath or sleeve configured and operative to surround at least a portion of identifier 119. In some embodiments, for example, it may be desirable to limit the extent to which node 111 envelopes identifier 119; where node 111 is confined or limited to a portion of identifier 119 or a housing (such as indicated by reference numeral 117) of the transceiver, sample carrier 110 may be manipulated, mechanically or otherwise, at the ends of housing 117 without the risk that the handling device or grasping apparatus will make contact with, and potentially contaminate, the sample carried at node 111.
Sample carrier 110 such as depicted in
As noted above, layers 114, 115 may be embodied in filter paper or other porous material; it will be appreciated, however, that layers 114, 115 may alternatively be constructed of or comprise solid or non-porous material suitable to be used as a sample support medium. In that regard, any of the various sample support media set forth above may be suitable for layers 114, 115, and may be selected in accordance with fabrication techniques or other factors such as the operational characteristics of the automated handling mechanisms with which sample carrier 110 is intended to be used.
In some implementations, for example, it may be desirable to provide layers 114, 115 with sufficient rigidity to withstand manipulation by robotics or other handling mechanisms; such mechanical gripping apparatus, however, may potentially introduce contamination to the sample carried at node 111. Alternatively, identifier 119 housing or comprising a transceiver may be provided with sufficient thickness to accommodate such a gripping or handling device, such that layers 114, 115 are not contacted by any portion of the apparatus handling carrier 110.
As set forth in detail above with reference to
Further, it will be appreciated that one or more additional identifiers 119 may be implemented in conjunction with carrier 110 depending, for example, upon the sophistication or functional characteristics of the transceiver, the operational requirements of the system in which carrier 110 is employed, or a combination of both. Specifically, any of the embodiments illustrated and described with reference to
It is also noted that various types of transponders or transceivers such as those described above are currently known and employed in a wide variety of applications. For example, numerous transponders such as those described as incorporated into identifier 119 are presently implanted in animals and are employed for identifying lost pets. Additionally, various micro-transceiver systems have been developed by researchers and proposed for use in active drug delivery techniques. Micro-transceivers or transponders such as described above may generally be operative to transmit omni-directional RF signals, for example, enabling a receiver to locate and to identify the sample carried at node 111 using associated signature signal frequencies, transmission patterns, or other information. Accordingly, a unique signal transmitted by a transceiver incorporated into identifier 119 may be used to direct the positioning of robotic instrumentation or sample handling apparatus.
As described above, sample support media for use at sample node 111 may generally be embodied in chitosan, plastic, ceramic, polystyrene or other polymers, or any other suitable support material constructed and operative to serve as a long-term storage mechanism for biological or other sample material. In the
Specimen material in solid, liquid, or gaseous form may be brought into contact with the sample support medium and stored as a sample at discrete sample node 111. In the exemplary embodiment of
Many examples of sample support media suitable or appropriate for use in conjunction with the
The sample support medium employed in the
It will be appreciated that the shape of node 111 illustrated in
With reference to the various embodiments of sample carrier 110 set forth in detail above, it will be appreciated that magnetic particles or ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials may be implemented at sample node 111, at identification and handling structure 113, or both, to enable magnetic manipulation of sample carrier 110. In some embodiments, for example, magnetic material may be imbedded or otherwise incorporated into, or attached to, node 111, support medium, or identification structure 113.
In that regard,
For example, an applied magnetic field interacting with magnetic element 116 may exert sufficient force to flip or rotate sample carrier 110 about an axis 299 into a desired orientation (as indicated by the curved arrow in
Coated or uncoated magnetic particles or material may be incorporated into sample node 111 or sample support media during manufacture of carrier 110, for example, or following specimen loading. In some such embodiments, node 111 may be produced or manufactured in a magnetic field such that incorporated magnetic material may be arranged or aligned in a desired magnetic orientation or polarization. Alternatively, such magnetic material may be added to the specimen material itself; magnetic material included in the specimen may be bound to sample node 111 with the same or similar chemistry employed to transfer the specimen to node 111.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the term “magnetic” in this context generally refers to magnetic, ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic properties causing a “magnetic” material to respond to external magnetic or electromagnetic fields in a predictable manner. Accordingly, in some embodiments, sample carrier 110 may additionally comprise a discrete magnetic element 116 or other magnetic material interspersed throughout the structure of node 111 or other components such that sample carrier 110 may be oriented or otherwise manipulated responsive to an applied magnetic field. A magnetic field may be applied to individual wells, for example, or to an entire storage element in which sample carrier 110 is stored.
Carrier 110 and storage element 120 may be constructed and dimensioned such that a sample node is supported in a predetermined spatial relationship relative to specimen material contained in a respective container 121. As represented in
In accordance with the
In addition to the elements set forth above, the
In that regard, skirt 328 may be appropriately dimensioned to extend beyond sealing film 351, and may further be sized and configured to engage a surface 125 of an adjacent storage element in a stack while avoiding contact with a sealing film 352 attached to that surface. Skirt 328 may be integral with longitudinal sides 122A-B and may extend in the longitudinal direction along all or only a portion thereof. With reference to the embodiment of storage element 120 illustrated in
Films 351 and 352 may generally be embodied in or comprise various metallic materials, plastics, other polymers, or similar materials such as are typically used for providing thin, flexible sheets or foils employed in sealing articles. In some embodiments, at least one of films 351 and 352 may be constructed of a dielectric substance or other RF transparent material to accommodate any of the various embodiments of a sample carrier 110 employing an RF activated identifier 119 as set forth in detail above. In this context, the terms “radio frequency transparent” and “RF transparent” generally refer to a film of appropriate material and thickness to transmit sufficient RF energy to activate, and to allow operation of, one or more RF transponders as set forth in detail above.
Additionally or alternatively, one or both of films 351 and 352 may be optically transparent, enabling inspection of the contents of well 121, either visually or through use of an optical device; this embodiment may accommodate use of a sample carrier 110 employing a bar code or a light-activated identifier 119. In this context, therefore, the term “optically transparent” generally refers to a film of appropriate material and thickness to allow sufficient light of one or more selected wavelengths to penetrate; i.e., optically transparent films 351, 352 transmit sufficient light to allow visual inspection of sample carriers 110 through the film 351, 352 or to enable trans-film operation of an optical device such as a bar code reader or a light-activated transponder as described above.
It is noted that films 351 and 352 may be pierced during use, allowing a selected sample carrier 110 to be ejected from a specific well 121 as set forth in more detail below with reference to
Various methods of applying films to surfaces are generally known in the art. For example, numerous adhesives and heat sensitive sealing techniques are currently employed in various applications such as pharmaceutical packaging, shrink wrapping, and the like. It is noted that the particular method employed for bonding, adhering, attaching, fusing, or otherwise applying sealing films 351, 352 to surfaces 124, 125 may be influenced by various factors including, but not limited to, the following: material selection and thickness of films 351, 352; material selection, hardness, and surface characteristics of surfaces 124, 125; the intended use of storage element 120 or the sample material maintained therein; and potential chemical interactions (due to either the bonding material or the application technique) with the sample material to be stored in wells 121 of storage element 120. Accordingly, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the method employed to apply sealing film 351 to surface 124 may differ from that employed to apply sealing film 352 to surface 125.
While the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by any specific application or bonding technique, those of skill in the art will appreciate that an appropriate seal between films 351, 352 and surfaces 124, 125, respectively, may prevent contamination of sample carriers 110 disposed in wells 121. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the methods of applying films 351, 352 may be selected to ensure complete bonding around the entire perimeter or periphery of each well 121 at each surface 124, 125; in other words, reception opening 321B and ejection opening 321A of each respective well 121 may be individually sealed and isolated from the adjacent well 121. As an alternative, a simple application technique may adhere or bond a film 351, 352 to a respective surface 124, 125 at only portions or selected areas thereof (e.g., along the perimeter of storage element 120). In this latter embodiment, every individual well 121 may not be isolated from other wells 121 in storage element 120.
As noted above, the methods selected for applying a particular type of sealing film may vary in accordance with the intended use of storage element 120 and the sample material stored in wells 121. Additionally, it will be appreciated that some embodiments may accommodate sealing selected portions of a storage element. By way of example and referring to the storage element 120 depicted in
As noted above, each well 121 may include a reception opening 321B configured and operative to receive a sample carrier 110; in that regard, as indicated in
As indicated in
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that specimen material may be loaded onto sample carriers 110 at any time prior to application of film 352, i.e., prior to sealing surface 125. In some embodiments, for example, storage element 120 and its plurality of wells 121 may receive sample carriers 110 pre-loaded with sample material (i.e., already carrying a sample on a sample storage medium) for storage. Alternatively, wells 121 may receive unloaded sample carriers 110; in this embodiment, an appropriate or desired amount of specimen material may be selectively added to wells 121, either before or after sample carriers 110 are deposited therein.
Additionally or alternatively, various primers, denaturants, buffers, solvents, preservatives, or other chemical compounds may be added to wells 121 as desired prior to application of sealing film 352. Where liquid sample material, chemical reagents, or other fluids are introduced to wells 121, film 352 may be bonded or adhered to as much of surface 125 (i.e., around each individual reception opening 321B) as required to prevent spillage, seepage, or other contamination between wells 121.
As noted above,
As set forth in detail above, substrate 514 from which sample carrier 110 is cut may comprise or be embodied in any of various cellulose-based filter papers or polymeric material (for example, polyesters, polyacrylics, or polyurethane foam) suitable for binding samples. As noted above, substrate 514 may be placed on or in close proximity to cutting template 599, which in turn is configured and operative to engage or to abut retention template 598. Templates 598, 599 may be constructed of various plastics, metals, ceramics, or other materials sufficiently hard or resilient to withstand forces exerted by cutter 542, plunger 541, substrate 514 and carrier 110, or some combination thereof. It will be appreciated that templates 598, 599 may be integral, i.e., the structural features of each may be incorporated into a single, unitary template. The exemplary illustrations in
Cutting template 599 may generally comprise cutter aperture 597 allowing cutter 542, plunger 541, and carrier 110 to pass through cutting template 599 toward retention template 598. In operation, plunger 541 may contact substrate 514 and exert a suitable compressive force; this compressive force may generally place the portion of substrate adjacent aperture 597 in tension, facilitating cutting operations. Cutter 542 may engage substrate 514 and cut a sample carrier 110. By way of example, cutter 542 may be implemented as a borer, an awl, a punch tool, or various other tools, devices, or mechanisms facilitating creation of a plug, chad, or punch-out of substrate 514; numerous mechanisms having such capabilities are generally known in the art. In the
In
Retention template 598 may generally comprise a carrier aperture 596 allowing plunger 541 and sample carrier 110 to pass through reception opening 321B of well 121. Aperture 596 may generally be suitably dimensioned and positioned relative to storage element 120 such that retention template 598 bears and distributes much of the force exerted during insertion of carrier 110 into well 121; additionally or alternatively, retention template 598 may protect surface 125 from cutter 542 extending through aperture 597 of template 599. Accordingly, edges of surface 125 around the periphery of reception opening 321B may be protected from cracking, chipping, denting, or similar damage such as abrasion which may otherwise be caused by the apparatus employed to create and to insert carrier 110 in the embodiment of
In some embodiments, for example, retention template 598 may be placed directly on surface 125 during use, and aperture 596 may be precisely dimensioned in accordance with the size and shape of reception opening 321B. In these embodiments, aperture 596 may generally be implemented to have equal or smaller dimensions than reception opening 321B to prevent damage to surface 125 or wells 121. In some cases, however, aperture 596 may be larger than reception opening 321B. In still other embodiments appropriately reconfigured to prevent damage to surface 125, retention template 598 may be optional.
As indicated in
Where the precise dimensions of storage element 120 as well as the particular size, shape, and spatial arrangement of wells 121 are known, templates 598 and 599 may be fabricated to span the entire surface 125 of storage element 120, i.e., templates 598 and 599 may comprise, for each well 121 in storage element 120 (or a subset thereof), a respective plurality of apertures 596 and 597 arranged in a particular manner to cooperate with the two-dimensional arrangement of wells 121 in storage element 120. This embodiment may enable efficient loading of an entire storage element 120 with sample carriers 110 and may require minimal automated handling or robotic repositioning of templates 598 and 599. Where multiple cutters 542 and plungers 541 are provided in an appropriate arrangement in conjunction with an automated apparatus or robotic system, for example, an entire storage element 120 or large portions thereof (such as a whole row or column of wells 121, for example) may be loaded with sample carriers 110 simultaneously or in a single operation. Alternatively, templates 598 and 599 may be implemented to cut a sample carrier 110 for each individual well 121 sequentially; in this embodiment, for example, relocation or repositioning of templates 598 and 599 from one well 121 to the next may be required.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the operations depicted in
As will become more apparent in the following description, feeder/trimmer 680 may generally comprise a housing 682 operative to accommodate or to maintain a supply of ejector stock (from which ejector 690 may be fashioned, for example), a mechanism (not shown) for advancing the ejector stock from housing 682, and a blade 681 operative to cut the ejector stock at a desired or predetermined location.
In that regard, it will be appreciated that ejector 690 may be embodied in or fabricated from a flexible or semi-rigid rod, wire, or similar elongate stock material. The material selected for the ejector stock may generally be rigid enough to pierce sealing films 351 and 352, but, in some embodiments, soft enough to allow a sharp bias cut for piercing tip 691. Ejector 690 and ejector stock may be constructed of low cost and disposable materials such as metals (e.g., aluminum wire), plastics, or other polymers.
Where the ejector stock is a flexible polymeric or metallic cord or wire, for example, ejector 690 may be cut such that a contaminated portion 699 may be removed while a sterile portion 698 may be retained (as indicated in
In a simplified embodiment, feeder/trimmer 680 may provide an individual (i.e., discrete) or disposable ejector 690 for each ejection operation. For example, housing 682 may comprise one or more racks, quivers, or magazines operative to store a plurality of pre-cut ejectors 690. In such an embodiment, feeder/trimmer 680 may be configured and operative sequentially to position an ejector 690 for use as described below, retract, release, or otherwise dispose of the used ejector 690, and position the next ejector 690 for use in a subsequent ejection procedure. It will be appreciated that the material selected for each ejector 690 need not be flexible in this embodiment.
In operation, coordinate controller 670 may position ejector 690 relative to a particular target well 121 in a given storage element; as depicted in
In that regard, controller 670 may include one or more data input ports or communications interface mechanisms configured and operative to receive electronic data or instruction sets enabling or facilitating sample or well 121 identification. In particular, controller 670 may receive coordinate data or other information regarding the location of a specific sample carrier 110; such data may be supplied or provided by, for example, bar code readers, optical or RF transponders, operator input, or other manual or automated devices. As set forth above, laboratory or experimental facilities may employ automated or manual apparatus in conjunction with electronic systems including databases or other data structures, for instance, to catalog and maintain information regarding the identity and location of specific sample material. In accordance with available information, controller 670 may be operative to position ejector 690 at the x,z location of an appropriate well 121 in storage element 120 using various devices and techniques generally known in the art for positioning equipment.
Additionally or alternatively, storage element 120 may be moved or positioned to facilitate alignment of ejector 690 and a target well 121. Various moveable stages or robotic systems, for example, operative independently or in cooperation with hardware implemented at controller 670, are contemplated and currently available. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the methods or devices employed to align ejector 690 and well 121, nor by the general constitution of coordinate controller 670 and the specific structural arrangement of components incorporated therein.
Coordinate controller 670 may additionally be operative selectively to advance and to withdraw ejector 690 in the y direction. As indicated in
As indicated by the sequence of events depicted in
Referring now to
As indicated in the
As indicated at block 702, a first surface of the storage element may be sealed, for example, with a polymeric or metallic sealing film substantially as set forth above. In particular, a such a film may be bonded or adhered to the first surface around the perimeter of each ejection opening, sealing the ejection opening for each respective sample container or well in the storage element. As set forth above, the entire first surface of the storage element, or only selected portions thereof, may be sealed in the foregoing manner.
As indicated at block 703, a sample carrier may selectively be deposited, provided, or otherwise inserted into each respective well of the storage element. As illustrated and described above with reference to
Specimen material may be loaded onto sample carriers as indicated at block 704. In the exemplary
Additionally or alternatively, a desired or predetermined amount of various primers, denaturants, buffers, solvents, preservatives, or other chemical compounds may be selectively added to the wells of the storage element (block 705). As with the carrier loading depicted at block 704, application or provision of preservatives or other chemicals to a sample carrier may be executed at various points in the process. For example, the operation depicted at block 705 may occur prior to one or more of the operations depicted at blocks 703 and 704.
As indicated at block 706, one or more reception openings of a second surface of the storage element may be sealed, for example, with a second polymeric or metallic sealing film, simultaneously preventing loss of sample carriers and preventing contamination of the wells. As set forth above with reference to
In addition to, or as an alternative to, the sealing operation indicated at block 706, the storage element may be provided with a lid or cover such as may generally be provided for conventional multi-well plates; in some implementations, application of the second sealing film may be omitted.
As noted above, one or more selectively configured magnetic or electromagnetic fields may be applied to the storage element, or to one or more individual wells; such fields may exert appropriate forces facilitating arrangement or orientation of sample carriers incorporating magnetic elements as set forth above. It will be appreciated that other possible orientation techniques and apparatus are contemplated; for example, sample carriers may be oriented or manipulated within the wells mechanically rather than magnetically. As represented at blocks 708 and 709, a method of archiving storage elements as set forth herein contemplates one or more of such orienting operations at various points in the archival process. By way of example, an additional orientation operation may follow the sealing operation depicted at block 706.
Further, it is noted that the sealing operation depicted at block 706 may result in application of a temporary or interim sealing film on the second surface. For example, a temporary seal may prevent contamination of wells or sample carriers prior to loading at block 704 or providing at block 705. As indicated by the dashed arrows in
As indicated at blocks 801 and 802, a storage element may be provided, and one or more ejection openings in a first surface thereof may be sealed, substantially as set forth above.
As described above with reference to
Where the precise dimensions of the storage element (and in particular, the size, shape, and spatial arrangement of the wells) are known, the templates may be configured and operative to span the entire second surface of the storage element to facilitate efficient loading of an entire storage element with sample carriers. Where multiple cutters and plungers are provided in an appropriate arrangement in conjunction with an automated apparatus or robotic system, for example, an entire storage element, or portions thereof, may be loaded with sample carriers simultaneously or in a single operation. In other words, for every well in the storage element, or for a selected subset thereof, some or all of the operations depicted at blocks 806-809 and described below may occur in parallel.
A compressive force may be applied by a plunger, for example, or similar tool as indicated at block 806. A sample carrier, having dimensions dictated or influenced by the cutting template, for example, may be cut from the substrate as indicated at block 807. As illustrated in the
As noted above, the sample carrier may be cut to a selected size and shape in accordance with the various dimensions of a cooperating cutter and the cutting template. As indicated at blocks 808 and 809, respectively, the plunger or other tool may advance the sample carrier through the carrier aperture in the retention template and into the well following the foregoing cutting operation. In that regard, the carrier aperture may generally be suitably dimensioned and positioned relative to the storage element such that the retention template bears and distributes much of the force exerted during insertion of the carrier at block 809. When the carrier has been inserted, the plunger may be withdrawn, and the foregoing process repeated for a different carrier and a different well.
A storage element in which a target sample is archived may be provided as indicated at block 901. This providing may comprise any of the various forms of manual or automated identification, handling, manipulation, and placement set forth in detail above.
As indicated at block 902, a target sample or carrier archived or maintained in the storage element may be identified. In this context, “identifying” a target sample or carrier generally comprises locating that target sample or carrier within the storage element provided at block 901, i.e., ascertaining the location of one or more particular wells or sample contains in which a suitable target sample is archived. By way of example, such identifying may be facilitated by some or all of the following, without limitation: data records comprising sample information and maintained in a database or other computer readable medium; data supplied or provided by, for example, bar code readers, optical or RF transponders, or other manual or automated devices; user or operator input; or any combination of the foregoing.
As set forth above, laboratory or experimental facilities may employ automated or manual apparatus in conjunction with electronic systems including databases or other data structures, for instance, to catalog and maintain information regarding the identity and location of specific sample material. The operations at blocks 901 and 902 may make extensive or limited use of such equipment.
An ejector such as illustrated and described in detail above may be aligned with a well containing the target sample (block 903), either subsequent to, or in conjunction (i.e., substantially simultaneously) with, the identifying at block 902. The alignment at block 903 may be executed manually in some systems, for example, or facilitated by automated equipment such as precision stepper motors, articulated arms, cartesian coordinate controllers, and the like as set forth above.
The ejector may be advanced through the target well, piercing sealing films and ejecting the sample carrier (block 904) substantially as described above with reference to
Where no further samples are desired as determined at the decision block 911, the sequence may end and the storage element may be returned to the sample archive or other location in a laboratory facility. Where one or more additional samples are required, an additional determination may be executed at decision block 912. If a new target sample or carrier is archived within the storage element already in use, the operation may loop back to block 902 for identifying and locating a well maintaining the selected sample. If, on the other hand, a new target sample is not archived within the storage element currently in use, that storage element may be returned to the archive, and control of the operation may loop back to block 901 for identifying and providing a storage element containing the selected target sample.
Returning now to
After imbibing the solution with the dissolved reagents, the sample support medium may be air dried or, if the reagents are in sufficiently high concentration, the medium may be squeezed dry and then air dried. Alternatively, the medium may be dried with hot air (such as in an oven or kiln), or in a vacuum. After drying, the medium may generally retain a coating of the reagents sufficient to lyse cells, rupture nuclear membranes, inactivate pathogens, and, importantly, to protect and archive biological nucleic acid samples. Subsequent to the foregoing preparation technique, the medium may be retained as a roll or a sheet, for example, or may be cut into any shape desirable for appropriate sample storage. The medium may also be dried under compression to provide a thin, wafer-like unit that will swell and absorb liquid sample material as it is placed in contact with the liquid (e.g., as indicated in
When a sample is desired for further analysis or other use, a node 111 comprising a sample support medium as indicated in
In the
If the sample originally loaded onto node 111 were an impure nucleic acid or mixture of biological materials (e.g., whole blood, DNA, cell culture media, blood plasma, or the like), then further purification may be desirable. In some embodiments accommodating such further purification, several wash steps may be implemented such that node 111 may be washed or rinsed with water or buffer to remove impurities prior to recovery of purified sample material.
Following are specific examples demonstrating the utility of the various described embodiments.
A quantity (approximately 500 microliters) of blood plasma is added to the
When the sample material is required for further study, the sample node of Example 1 is retrieved from storage and transferred from the storage element or plate into a daughter plate or other suitable container. If reconstituted plasma is the desired product, 400 microliters of de-ionized, sterile, filtered water is added to the container and allowed to re-wet the node for five minutes. A plunger or rod is then used repeatedly to compress and to release the node—the node may be compressed and released ten times or more to ensure good mixing of the water and the stored biological materials. After a final compression, the liquid is collected and saved for analysis as reconstituted blood plasma. Alternatively, the re-wet node may be placed into one well of a multi-well filter plate or in the spin basket of a centrifuge filter; accordingly, the centrifuge (rather than the plunger method) may be used to recover the liquid.
Same as Example 1, except 4% SDS is added to the mixture to lyse the cells and nuclei and to free the DNA for storage.
Same as Example 2, but the node is re-wet with TE buffer and rinsed twice with TE buffer using similar techniques for liquid removal; subsequently, the node is heated to 85 degrees Celsius for five minutes in 400 microliters of de-ionized, sterile, filtered water. Recovery of the sample material may be done using either compression or centrifugation.
Same as Examples 2 and 4, except the multi-well plates are placed on a Tecan Robotic Liquid Handler. The Tecan apparatus then automatically adds the liquid as required. In addition, the liquid handler can be used to pick up a disposable plunger (similar to a blunt tipped disposable pipette tip) to compress and release the node. Addition of a robotic arm leading to a centrifuge allows the recovery of the sample in a second (collection) plate after processing.
Returning now to the drawing figures,
Each receptacle 1001-100n may be embodied in a movable drawer, tray, shelf, rack, or equivalent structure suitable for supporting or containing one or more storage elements (reference numeral 1020) such as set forth in detail above. As indicated in
For example, receptacles 1001-100n may be operatively engaged with rollers, bearings, rails, tracks, and the like, as is generally known in the art. In such an embodiment, receptacle 1002 may be translated in the x direction as indicated in
In accordance with the
In some embodiments, a desired number, k, storage elements 1020 may be stacked in the y direction. It will be appreciated that each stack 1021 in any given receptacle 1002 may maintain a different number of storage elements 1020. Each storage element 1020 in a given stack 1021 may be secured or maintained in place, for example, with a series of orienting posts or integral interlocking features associated with each storage element 1020. For example, each storage element 1020 may be provided with one or more alignment prongs, protuberances, or skirts designed and operative to engage one or more corresponding slots, grooves, or notches in neighboring storage elements 1020 when one or more storage elements 1020 are stacked. Various methods of providing interlocking structural features operative to stabilize items when stacked are generally known in the art; in some embodiments, for example, each storage element 1020 may comprise a skirt or flange operative to engage the top surface of an underlying storage element 1020 as set forth in detail above with reference to
Additionally or alternatively, one or more guide posts, rails, or similar stabilizing structures extending in the y direction from support surface 1010 may facilitate stabilization of each stack 1021 and prevent movement of storage elements 1020 relative to each other or relative to support surface 1010. In some embodiments, each storage element 1020 may be constructed and operative to engage such a stabilizing structure. In the
In the foregoing or an equivalent manner, the k storage elements 1020 in any given stack 1021 may be prevented from slipping, i.e., relative movement in either the x or z direction may be prevented. Additionally, in such an embodiment, one or more edges (oriented along the x or z axes) of the stacked storage elements 1020 may be accessible by appropriate handling mechanisms.
A plurality of stacks 1021 may be stored or maintained in receptacle 1002, and may generally be arranged on support surface 1010 as a two dimensional configuration with a maximum dimension of n stacks (in the z direction) by m stacks (in the x direction), as depicted in
In operation, receptacle 1002 may be manipulated (e.g., such as indicated in
One or more handling apparatus, robotic arms, or other mechanical devices may retrieve any storage element 1020 from any given stack 1021 in receptacle 1002; in
The remaining upper storage elements corresponding to y=ydesired+1 through yk may be returned to the configuration at receptacle 1002, either at the original stack location (x=xm, z=zn) or at some other more convenient location within the available n×m×k volume of receptacle 1002. In the former case, for example, the resulting stack at x=xm, z=zn may only contain k−1 storage elements 1020 following this sequence. Alternatively, the remaining upper storage elements may be repositioned at another receptacle (1001 or 1003-40n in
The foregoing storage arrangement and retrieval technique generally provide space-efficient, high-density storage in which individually addressable and directly accessible storage elements 1020 may occupy most of the available volume in a sample storage component 1032 of a storage facility. A suitable data model for representing the respective locations (i.e., individual addresses in three dimensional space) of each storage element 1020 in sample storage 1032, however, must be more complex than typical data models employed in conjunction with conventional systems. For example, within a given stack 1098, removal and insertion operations affect not only the position of the target storage element 1099, but also all of those storage elements above it, i.e. those in locations y=ydesired+1 through yk.
An appropriate data model for the
The receptacle, row, and column fields may, in combination, specify or uniquely identify a particular stack (such as 1098 in
Accordingly, each storage element 1020 may be individually addressable in three dimensional space using appropriate references to receptacle identification and coordinate axes. In some storage strategies such as described below in detail with reference to
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that some embodiments may dynamically cross-reference the storage element identification field with receptacle identification and x, y, and z coordinate information; accordingly, the storage element identification field may be sufficient to enable a robotic device to ascertain the address of any given storage element in three dimensional space and to retrieve that particular storage element. The storage element identification field may correspond to, or work in conjunction with, the bar code identification tags described in the related applications, for example, and may uniquely identify each storage element, as well as the samples contained therein.
In an alternative embodiment, storage elements 1020 or stacks may be stored or archived “on end” in receptacles 1001-100n. In the embodiment illustrated in
It will be appreciated that orienting storage elements 1020 on end as illustrated in
The
As with the embodiment illustrated in
The present invention has been illustrated and described in detail with reference to particular embodiments by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that various modifications to the exemplary embodiments are within the scope and contemplation of the present disclosure. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be considered as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
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