The present invention relates to a sealing arrangement for the attachment of a side plate often used in connection with a pump volute of a centrifugal pump and an attachment screw used therewith.
A centrifugal pump comprises, as known, mainly a so-called volute with a suction opening, a discharge opening, and an impeller rotating inside the volute. Since the efficiency and capacity of the pump are substantial both for the manufacturer, seller and especially for the end user, the clearances between the impeller and the volute must be optimal, in other words in most cases as small as possible. By using modern production methods, it is possible to manufacture optimal clearances in new pumps. However, when pumping even slightly erosive fluids, such as different suspensions, especially the edges of the impeller vanes facing the volute are subjected to wearing, whereby the clearance thereof to the front wall of the volute increases and the efficiency of the pump is reduced. To correct the disadvantage, for example, the front wall of the pump volute facing the impeller vanes is made adjustable. To enable this, a removable side plate is arranged at the front wall of the volute, the position of which side plate may be adjusted in the axial direction of the pump.
The adjustable side plate of the volute of a centrifugal pump is attached to the pump volute with at least three screws enabling the adjustment. The side plate is sealed in accordance with the prior art as illustrated in
It is an object of the present invention to eliminate at least some of the above-described problems and disadvantages concerning centrifugal pumps of the prior art by introducing a new kind of method of attaching and sealing a side plate, which method substantially differs from the prior art.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a characteristic feature of the sealing arrangement for the attachment of a side plate of a centrifugal pump comprising a pump volute and a side plate with its attachment screws and screw flanges located in connection with the volute or a cover of the casing is that an annular seal is arranged between the flange of the screw and the volute.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, a characteristic feature of an attachment screw of a side plate of the volute or cover of the casing of a centrifugal pump with the screw being threaded at its both ends, having a flange arranged therebetween and means arranged at one end of the screw for tightening the screw, is that a groove for a seal ring has been arranged in the flange in its surface facing the tightening means.
In other words, a large O-ring is located, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at the outer rim of the side plate to seal and to separate a leakage flow from the pressure side to the suction side of the pump, and a small O-ring is located between a flange of the attachment screw and the pump volute to seal the gap therebetween and prevent the leakage fluid from flowing out. The large O-ring does not have to be completely leak-proof, but the smaller O-ring must endure both the mechanical and chemical loads, and, if necessary, materials, such as FFKM or like, enduring aggressive chemicals must be used as the seal ring material. Thanks to the small O-ring, which is inexpensive to acquire, the structure of the invention becomes significantly more cost-effective and therefore also more competitive.
Other characteristic features of a sealing arrangement for the attachment of a side plate of a centrifugal pump and an attachment screw used therewith in accordance with the present invention become apparent in the accompanying claims.
The sealing arrangement for the attachment of a side plate of a centrifugal pump in accordance with the invention and an attachment screw used therewith are described more in detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to
The side plate 30 is sealed with two O-rings 46 and 48, of which the larger one 46 is located at the outside diameter, or outer rim, of the side plate 30 in a groove 50 in the surface 34 and the smaller one 48 in a groove 52 in the inner cylindrical surface 36 of the side plate. The O-rings 46 and 48 seal the side plate 30 both from the pressure side and from the suction side of the pump so that the attachment/adjustment screws 32 are not normally in contact with the liquid to be pumped. In some cases, the conventional O-rings do not endure the chemicals to be pumped, but begin to leak, whereby on the one hand the attachment screws are subjected to the effects of the chemical and, on the other hand, the pump begins to leak through the attachment openings by means of which the side plate is attached to the pump volute. In this kind of application, it would be possible to use O-rings of better quality, but they are large rings and almost as expensive as the rest of the pump, whereby, because of their high price, this kind of construction is, in practice, not possible.
The adjustable side plate 30 of the volute of the centrifugal pump is attached, by using its threaded holes 40, with at least three attachment or adjustment screws 32 to the pump volute 10. The attachment is carried out in such a way that there are non-threaded openings for the attachment screws in the pump volute 10. Each attachment screw 32 has a flange 64, which is arranged to rest against the volute 10 wall facing the side plate. Each attachment screw 32 has a threaded portion extending substantially from the flange to the tip of the screw that faces the side plate so that the screw 32 can be turned into the threaded hole 40 in the side plate 30. The attachment screw 32 is provided at its opposite end with a threaded part 66 and near the end also with a socket-head, square-head, hex head, screw head or the like 68. The attachment and adjustment of the side plate 10 are carried out as follows. When attaching the side plate 30 to the volute 10, the attachment screws, i.e. adjustment screws 32, are inserted into their openings in the volute with the flanges against the volute wall, the side plate with its O-rings is pushed, guided by the cylindrical surfaces of the volute 10, to its proper position in the volute, and screws 32 are turned into the threaded holes 40 in the side plate 30. The installation of the side plate may be performed also in the opposite order; i.e. the screws 32 are first turned into the threaded holes in the side plate 30 and thereafter the screws are inserted in their openings in the volute and the side plate with the O-rings is pushed to its position in the volute until the screw flanges meet the volute wall. When the volute 10 is then set and attached to its position onto the pump casing 24 to surround the pump impeller, the adjustment/attachment screws 32 are tightened so that they push the side plate 30 towards the impeller 18 of the pump. When the side plate 30 is in contact with the working vanes of the impeller, the clearance is closed. By turning the screws from this position backwards for a certain number of degrees, a desired operating clearance is obtained. Thereafter, nuts 70 driven to the threaded part 66 of the screws 32 are tightened against the surface of the volute in such a way that the side plate 30 cannot move in the axial direction. As can be seen from the above, the openings in the volute that are used for the attachment of the side plate are not sealed in any way, but the liquid leaking between the side plate and the volute is allowed to flow relatively freely out of the openings.
The actual difference to the solution of the prior art is that the sealing of the pump is taken care of in connection with the adjustment or attachment screw 132 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention by arranging an O-ring seal 180 between the flange 164 of the screw 132 and the pump volute. In other words, also the basic structure and use of the adjustment/attachment screw are similar to the prior art screw. The seal 180 is very small and thus also inexpensive to acquire. Therefore, an O-ring enduring as well as possible the chemicals in the fluid to be pumped can be chosen as a seal for each application without a need to think about the costs. Thus, it is possible to choose a material, such as FFKM, which can endure even very aggressive chemicals. The seal 180 may be placed directly on top of the flange 164 of the screw 132. It is, however, advantageous to arrange a groove in the screw flange 164 for the seal 180, whereby the seal 180 is not alone to receive the whole tightening load coming from locking the screw 132 with a nut 170. The groove may be made either in the outer edge or in the inner circumference of the flange or in the central area of the radial surface of the flange. The most important thing in these structural alternatives is, however, that in all cases the flange of at least part of its radial surface, either inside or outside the O-ring or on both sides thereof, is able to rest on the surface of the volute facing the flange. This ensures that the O-ring is compressed only for a degree optimal for sealing. It is also possible to arrange either optionally or additionally a corresponding annular groove in the face or wall of the pump volute at corresponding positions so that having pressed the seal to a certain extent in the volute groove, the flange of the screw is supported to the counter surface of the pump volute. For this, the diameter of the groove can at most be equal to the outer diameter of the flange of the screw.
In some applications, there is also a possibility to use a seal, which endures the compression so well that there is no need to machine any grooves either in the flange of the screw or in the pump volute.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, a groove 181 for the seal 180 is arranged either in the cylindrical part 183 of the screw seen from the flange towards the head of the screw (see
The rest of the sealing of the side plate 130 is taken care of, for example, by locating a large O-ring 146 either to the groove 150 in the surface 134 at the outer cylindrical surface of the side plate 130 or to a corresponding groove machined in the counter surface of the volute, both to prevent the pressure of the pump escaping to a space between the side plate and the volute and to seal and to prevent the leak flow from the pressure side of the pump to the suction side of the pump. The large O-ring 146 does not have to be completely leak-proof, but a rather minor internal leakage may be allowed. Correspondingly, it is not necessary to seal the side plate from the suction side at all, because it is not at all the purpose in this invention to have the space of the attachment/adjustment screw between the side plate and the volute leak-proof. Similarly, in some cases it is also possible not to seal the outer cylindrical surface of the side plate 130 at all, whereby there is no need to even machine any groove for a seal in the surface.
As can be seen from the description above, a new kind of a sealing arrangement has been developed for the attachment of a side plate of a centrifugal pump and an attachment screw to be used therewith, eliminating disadvantages of the prior art attachment of the side plate. The attachment of a side plate in accordance with the invention enables the attachment of the side plate and the sealing also when pumping chemically demanding liquids so that it is possible to use inexpensive seals of high quality. It must be noted that although the discussion above concerns mainly the adjustable side plate of a centrifugal pump, the above-described attachment and sealing method may also be used in connection with a stationary side plate. And in an exactly corresponding way, where the above description discusses the side plate of the pump in front of the impeller, it is quite possible to use the sealing arrangement in accordance with the invention also with the attachment and sealing of the side plate behind the impeller. Thereby, only the part in question in connection with which a side plate is attached is the rear wall of the pump, which is also more generally called the cover of the casing. While the invention has been herein described by way of examples in connection with what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various combinations and/or modifications of its features and other applications within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20050451 | Apr 2005 | FI | national |
This application is a divisional of copending application Ser. No. 11/413,272 filed Apr. 28, 2006 which claims the priority of Finnish Patent Application No. 20050451 filed Apr. 29, 2005, the disclosures of both being incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20080056846 A1 | Mar 2008 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11413272 | Apr 2006 | US |
Child | 11977462 | US |