1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of invention relate to hearing devices. More specifically embodiments of the invention relate to sealing retainers for improving the durability and comfort of continuous or extended wear hearing aids.
Since many hearing aid devices are adapted to be fit into the ear canal, a brief description of the anatomy of the ear canal will now be presented for purposes of illustration. While, the shape and structure, or morphology, of the ear canal can vary from person to person, certain characteristics are common to all individuals. Referring now to
A cross-sectional view of the typical ear canal 10 (
Hair 5 and debris 4 in the ear canal are primarily present in the cartilaginous region 11. Physiologic debris includes cerumen (earwax), sweat, decayed hair, and oils produced by the various glands underneath the skin in the cartilaginous region. Non-physiologic debris consists primarily of environmental particles that enter the ear canal. Canal debris is naturally extruded to the outside of the ear by the process of lateral epithelial cell migration (see e.g., Ballachanda, The Human Ear Canal, Singular Publishing, 1995, pp. 195). There is no cerumen production or hair in the bony part of the ear canal.
The ear canal 10 terminates medially with the tympanic membrane 18. Laterally and external to the ear canal is the concha cavity 2 and the auricle 3, both also cartilaginous. The junction between the concha cavity 2 and the cartilaginous part 11 of the ear canal at the aperture 17 is also defined by a characteristic bend 12 known as the first bend of the ear canal.
First generation hearing devices were primarily of the Behind-The-Ear (BTE) type. However, they have been largely replaced by In-The-Canal (ITC) hearing devices are of which there are three types. In-The-Ear (ITE) devices rest primarily in the concha of the ear and have the disadvantages of being fairly conspicuous to a bystander and relatively bulky to wear. Smaller In-The-Canal (ITC) devices fit partially in the concha and partially in the ear canal and are less visible but still leave a substantial portion of the hearing device exposed. Recently, Completely-In-The-Canal (CIC) hearing devices have come into greater use. These devices fit deep within the ear canal and can be essentially hidden from view from the outside.
In addition to the obvious cosmetic advantages, CIC hearing devices provide, they also have several performance advantages that larger, externally mounted devices do not offer. Placing the hearing device deep within the ear canal and proximate to the tympanic membrane (ear drum) improves the frequency response of the device, reduces the occurrence of the occlusion effect and improves overall sound fidelity.
However, despite their advantages, many CIC hearing devices continue to have performance issues including retention in the ear canal and acoustic feedback. Seals incorporated onto CIC devices have been used to prevent oscillatory feedback which occurs when there is acoustic leakage from the output of the hearing aid receiver through a leakage path which reaches the hearing aid microphone causing sustained oscillation. This oscillatory feedback is manifested by “whistling” or “squealing” which is both bothersome and interferes with communication. Oscillatory feedback is typically alleviated by tightly occluding (sealing) the ear canal between the microphone and the receiver. However, complete sealing can prove difficult, for example, jaw motion of the user may cause deformation of the seal and thus acoustical leakage. During jaw movement the fleshy part moves relative to the bony part so that the hearing aid and/or seal are pressed to one side of the ear canal and a gap may be formed at the other side giving rise to an acoustical leakage path causing feedback. The seal(s) can buckle due to non uniform distribution of forces on the seal and/or when the ear canal deforms resulting in an acoustical leak.
Also, the seal or hearing aid housing may not be sufficiently biocompatible or exert too much force on the ear canal epithelium resulting in one or more of irritation, inflammation, ulceration and/or infection of the epithelium and ear canal as well as thinning of the epithelium. Further, long term effects of wearing aids hearing aid are known to include chronic inflammation and atrophy of the canal epithelium and a gradual remodeling of the bony canal. Besides being uncomfortable, such conditions can require the hearing device to be removed and may actually inhibit or prevent the patient from wearing the hearing aid for extended periods of time until the canal heals. Accordingly, there is a need for a biocompatible seal for a hearing aid to comfortably retain the device in the ear canal on a continuous wear basis while reducing acoustic feedback and the risk of infection and skin ulceration.
Various embodiments of the invention provide systems and assemblies for improving the long term reliability and wearability of extended wear hearing devices including completely in the canal (CIC) hearing aids. Many embodiments provide a seal for improving one or more of the comfort, fit, biocompatibility and performance of CIC hearing aids worn for extended periods including three to six months or longer. Specific embodiments provide a sealing retainer that stabilizes the hearing aid in the ear canal while maintaining the health and integrity of the ear canal including the canal epithelium. Also particular embodiments provide two or more sealing retainers for retaining the hearing aid or other hearing device in the ear canal. In one embodiment, the seal can comprise a first seal configured to be mounted over a first hearing device component, such as a microphone assembly, and a second seal configured to be mounted over a second hearing device component, such as a receiver assembly.
Many embodiment provides a sealing retainer for a CIC hearing aid comprising a hollow curved compliant shell having a centrally placed opening for holding the hearing aid and inner walls having a scalloped or convoluted shape. The shell has a dome like shape configured to fit in the ear canal that can include an oval cross and a medially decreasing taper with respect to a longitudinal axis of the shell. The shell can also include a vent and a sleeve section positioned at an apex of the shell that fits over portions of the body of the hearing aid. These and related embodiments of the retainer can be configured to perform several functions. First, the retainer can be configured to retain and center the hearing aid within the ear canal for long term wear. Retention can be achieved by constructing the retainer from an elastomeric material, such as an elastomeric foam, that is conformable to the shape of the canal and exerts a distributed spring force on the ear canal to hold the retainer in place. Retention in the ear canal also be facilitated by the use of a coating that enhances adhesion between the seal and the canal and/or promotes the in growth of fibrils of endothelial tissue known as asparagines to a selected depth into the coating so as to mechanically retain the seal in the ear canal.
The retainer can also be configured to maintain the health and integrity of the ear canal including the epithelium. That is, the retainer is configured to be atraumatic to the canal epithelium and prevent or minimize infection and inflammation of the epithelium. In various embodiments, this can be accomplished by the use of biocompatible materials and configuring the retainer to exert a force on the epithelium less than the venous return pressure of the epithelial vasculature. The retainer can also be vapor permeable (e.g., air and water vapor) and/or vented to reduce humidity buildup within the ear canal tending to cause infection. Infection resistance can be further enhanced through the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into retainer surface and/or retainer coatings.
Also, the retainer can be configured to provide sufficient acoustical sealing to prevent or minimize feedback resulting from acoustical leakages to the hearing aid microphone from the speaker assembly including when the seal is deformed, for example, due to compression of the ear canal from movement of the head etc. The seal can also configured to produce a selectable offset angle between receiver and the microphone assembly to accommodate the shape of the ear canal and facilitate placement of the hearing aid in the canal. Finally, the seal can be configured to position and retain the speaker assembly of the hearing device as close to the tympanic membrane so as to minimize the volume between the two (i.e., the residual volume) and so as to reduce occlusion effects.
Many embodiments of the retainer include an inner wall having a scalloped or convoluted shape. The scallops can be configured to function as hinged elements which collectively impart a selectable amount of stiffness and conformability to the seal. The scalloped or convoluted shape can be configured to perform a number of functions to facilitate use of the hearing aid when positioned in the ear canal including positioning in the bony portion of the canal. First, they can be configured to uniformly distribute the forces exerted by the ear canal so as to have substantially continuous contact between the seal and the ear canal to prevent acoustical gaps. That is, there is little or no buckling or other pleated deformation of the seal resulting in gaps between the seal and the canal wall. The scallops can also be configured to uniformly distribute the spring forces applied by the retainer to the inner surface of the ear canal to retain the hearing aid in the ear canal and at the same not to exceed the capillary venous return pressure of the vasculature of the epithelial layer of the inner layer of the ear canal.
Also as discussed above, in many embodiments, the retainer can include a coating used to facilitate retention of the seal in the ear canal as well as perform several other functions. The retention function of the coating can be accomplished by several means. First through the use of an adhesive coating configured to adhere to the inner surface of the ear canal. Also the coating can be configured to promote the in-growth of fibrils of endothelial tissue known as asparagines to a selected depth into the coating so as to mechanically retain the seal in the ear canal. In addition to performing a retention function, the coating can be configured to have acoustical attenuation properties so as to increase the acoustical attenuation of the seal. In specific embodiments, the coating can be configured to increase the acoustical attenuation of the seal by about between 5 to 10 decibels or more. Finally, the coating also be a hydrophobic coating configured to perform a sealing function to prevent liquid water from entering into and saturating the retaining seal.
One embodiment provides a seal for retaining a continuous wear hearing device within the bony portion of an ear canal comprising a curved shell having an opening at an apex portion of the shell. The shell can have a dome-like or hemispherical shape that defines a cavity for retention of a hearing device component such as a hearing aid portion of hearing aid such as the microphone assembly. At least a portion of the shell comprises a resilient material having sound attenuating properties. An interior surface of a shell wall has a scalloped or other shape configured to distribute compressive forces applied to the shell perimeter such that when the shell is positioned in the ear canal, the shell wall conforms to the shape of the ear canal to maintain an acoustical seal between an exterior surface of the shell and the walls of the ear canal. When a force is applied to the shell (e.g., by the ear canal), the shell wall conforms to the shape of the ear canal to prevent an acoustical leak between the exterior surface of the shell and walls of the ear canal. The scalloped shape can be configured to produce a substantially constant amount of inward deformation of a shell wall independent of a force application point on a shell perimeter. At least a portion of the shell can include a coating configured to retain the seal in the ear canal and/or to promote asparagine growth into a selected depth into the coating to fastenly retain the seal in the ear canal. The shell can include a sleeve that fits over a portion of the hear aid and a vent positioned on the walls of the shell. The vent can function as one or both of a pressure relief vent or an occlusion relief vent. The shell wall has a gas permeability configured to reduce an incidence of ear canal infection when the seal is positioned in the canal as well as allow substantial equilibrium between a relative humidity in the portion of the ear canal occluded by the seal(s) and a relative humidity of ambient air outside the ear.
Another embodiment provides a method for wearing a hearing device in the ear canal user such as a CIC hearing device. The hearing device includes an embodiment of the seal described herein, wherein the seal is configured to retain the in the ear canal with a force that does not exceed the capillary venous return pressure of a canal epithelial layer. The device is positioned at a location in the ear canal (e.g., the bony portion) and then can be worn in the canal on continuous basis for extended periods of six months or longer without necrosis, ulceration or other irritation of the epithelial layer in that blood flow to or from the ear canal is not impeded by contact with or presence of the seal. The seal serves to retain the device in the canal during head or jaw motion and also substantially maintain an acoustical seal between the seal and the canal wall so as prevent acoustical leaks causing feed back in the hearing device, such as those from the device microphone assembly to a speaker assembly.
Another embodiment provides a method for retaining a hearing device in the ear canal of a user that includes providing a hearing device having a retaining seal including a surface for inducing or promoting the in-growth of biological tissue from the walls of the ear canal. The hearing device can include a CIC hearing device. The hearing device is then positioned in at a location in the ear canal, for example, the bony portion of the ear canal. Desirably the device is positioned deeply in the ear canal so as to minimize the residual volume, but can be position at any selected location in the canal. Growth of biological tissue into the surface of the seal is then induced so as to retain the hearing device at the location. The biological tissue typically include hair-like protrusions known as asparagines which grow a selected depth into the surface. In this way, the in-grown surface functions as a fastening surface and the asparagines as fasteners to retain the surface and thus the hearing device in the ear canal during extended periods of wear, for example, six months or longer. The fastening forces are strong enough to retain the device in the canal during the course of head and jaw movement or other body motions, but still allow the device to be easily removed.
Various embodiments of the invention provide systems, devices and assemblies for improving the durability, comfort and fit of CIC and other hearing devices worn deep in the ear canal on a long term basis. Specific embodiments provide a retaining seal for retaining a CIC hearing aid deep in the ear canal when worn on a long term basis.
Referring now to
Referring now to
In various embodiments, retaining seal 100 includes a shell 110 having an opening 120, and walls 130 defining a cavity 140 for holding hearing device 20. In preferred embodiment, at least one seal 100 is adapted to be positioned, as shown, substantially in the bony region 13 coaxially over the receiver assembly 25 (or other device portion) of hearing device 20. In other embodiments, the hearing device can include two seals 100/shells 110 mounted over the device, one seal mounted over receiver assembly 25 (or other hearing device portion or component) and another over the battery assembly 40 (or other hearing device portion or component). Seal 100 is configured to provide the primary support for the device 20 within the ear canal 10. The seal is also configured to substantially surround portions of device 20 to protect it from contact with the walls 10W of the ear canal and exposure to cerumen, moisture and other contaminants. To that purpose, seal 100 can be configured to substantially conform to the shape of walls 10W of the ear canal in the bony region 13 and to maintain an acoustical seal between a seal surface and the ear canal and retain the device securely within the ear canal 10. The seal can be configured to be mounted concentrically or non-concentrically over the hearing device. Also the seals can be configured to be mounted over or to specific assemblies or portions of the hearing device, for example, the battery assembly, receiver assembly etc.
Opening 120 can be centrally placed (with respect to shell 110) at a medial apex 110A of the shell 110 and is configured to fit over and retain hearing aid 20 in the ear canal. Preferably, opening 120 is concentric with respect to shell 110 so as to facilitate the centering of hearing aid 20 in the ear canal. However, in alternative embodiments it can be non-concentric. The shape of the opening 120 can be substantially circular or square but is preferably oval. The diameter 120D of opening can be in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm with a preferred embodiment of about 1 mm. Also opening 120 can be sized to mounted over specific assembly or portion of the hearing, e.g., the battery assembly, speaker assembly, etc. A vent 160 can be positioned near opening 120. In one embodiment opening and vent centers 120c and 160c can be aligned on common axis A, which can be a line 110B bisecting shell 110. In another embodiment shown in
A discussion will now be presented of the shape and dimensions of the seal 100 and shell 110. The shape and dimension of the seal 100 and shell 110 are desirably selected to allow the seal to comfortably fit in the ear canal and retain a hearing device 20 in the canal for continuous or near continuous long-term wear, e.g. three to six months or longer. The shell 110 has cross sectional and lateral profiles 110C and 110L one or both of which can be configured to approximately correspond to the corresponding profile of ear canal 10. Also both cross sectional and lateral profiles 110C and 110L can be custom fit to the ear canal of the user by making a mold or cast of the ear canal using methods known in the art (e.g. elastomeric or paraffin molding techniques). In an exemplary embodiment, the shell 110 can have a dome like, or hemispherical shape having an apex 150 oriented toward a medial direction M of the ear canal 10. Other volumetric shapes that can be used for shell 110 can include without limitation, ovoid, rectangular, pyramidal, cylindrical or elongated cylindrical.
Also the shape of the shell can be sized for fitting over particular portions of the hearing device. In embodiments of hearing device 20 that include two seals, one seal can include a first shell sized for a first portion of the hearing device (e.g., the battery assembly) and another seal can include a another shell sized for a second portion of the hearing device (e.g., the receiver assembly). The shells and other portions of the seal can also be sized and shaped to perform the same or different function or to enhance a particular function. For example, in one embodiment, one seal can be configured to attenuate sound at a first frequency range and another seal at a second frequency range. In another embodiment, one seal can configured to primarily perform an acoustical attenuation or like function and the other a retaining or like function.
In various embodiments, profile 110C can be oval, elliptical or circular. In a preferred embodiment, profile 110C is oval and includes a short diameter Ds and a long diameter D1 which can be about 1.6 times that of the short diameter Ds in order to approximately correspond to the profile of the ear canal. Also diameter Ds can range from about 4.5 to 9 mm and diameter D1 can range from about 7.25 to 15 mm. Also in this and related embodiment the thickness 130W of shell walls 130 can vary over the perimeter 110P of the shell. For example, the thickness can increase over the central portion 110CP of the shell and decreased at apex's 110A. The varied thickness can be used to achieve desired mechanical properties of the shell, for example circumferentially constant deformation. In specific embodiments, wall thickness 130W can vary from about 0.048″ at apex 110A to about 0.055″ at the center portion 110CP. Also in specific embodiments, thickness 130W can vary based on a logarithmic, parabolic, second order or other equation with respect to perimeter 110P.
The lateral profile 110 of the shell is desirably configured to produce a comfortable fit in the ear canal while accounting for typical variations in the size and shape of the canal. In various embodiments, the lateral profile 110L can have a medially decreasing taper 110T including a constantly decreasing taper. The taper is desirably configured to produce a lateral profile 110L that approximately corresponds to the lateral profile of the ear canal.
The dimensions of the seal 100 including cavity 130 also desirably selected to accommodate the size and shape of hearing device 20. In particular the inner diameter 140D of cavity 140 can be selected to provide a gap G between hearing aid 20 and the shell walls 130 (see
In various embodiments, in addition to having a shape configured to fit in the ear canal and retain a hearing aid therein, the seal can also be configured to retain one or more components of the hearing aid in a selectable position or angle relative to one another. As illustrated in
In various embodiments, the shape and material properties of seal 100 and shell 110 can be configured to perform several functions. First, they can be configured to assist in the centering and retention of the hearing device 20 in ear canal 10. Centering can be achieved by configuring opening 120 to be substantially centrally positioned with respect to shell 110. Retention can be achieved by the configuring the seal to exert a spring force (though its shape and use of resilient materials known in the art, e.g., foam elastomers) on the ear canal combined with a surface 102 having a coefficient of friction and/or adhesive quality (through the use of a coating described herein) such that the ear canal exerts a frictional force on the surface of the seal tending to resist the seal being displaced (i.e. laterally displaced) from the ear canal, e.g., due to jaw or head motion, or even epithelial migration. Retention can further be enhanced through the use of a surface coating 103 configured to promote in growth of tissue asparagines so as to fastenly retain the seal in the ear canal. The shape and properties of the seal can also configured to promote the health of the ear canal by configuring the seal not to exert a force on the ear canal which exceeds the capillary venous return pressure of the canal endothelium (about 15 mm Hg). This can be achieved though the selection of the dimensions and compliance (e.g. compression modulus) of the seal. In this way, the seal provides an atraumatic means for retaining a hearing device 20 in the ear canal.
Also in many embodiments, the seal dimensions (e.g. thickness) and materials can be configured to allow sufficient vapor transmission (e.g. permeability) though the seal to prevent or minimize excessive moisture build up in the canal with seal in place. Suitable permeable materials can include without limitation, silicone, polyurethane and other elastomeric foams known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the seal is fabricated from using a vapor permeably polyurethane foam. Finally, the seal can be configured to provide sufficient acoustical attenuation to prevent or minimize acoustical feedback from the microphone assembly to the speaker assembly. This can be achieved through selection of one or more of the dimensions (e.g. thickness), shape and material properties of the seal. For example, higher levels of attenuation can be achieved through the use of one or both of denser materials or thicker wall dimensions. In various embodiments, seal 100 can be configured to provide between about 10 to 55 dB of acoustical attenuation between the lateral and medial portions of the seal over the range of human audible frequencies. In preferred embodiments, the seal is configured to provide greater than 35 dB of acoustical attenuation and even more preferred embodiments greater than 45 dB of acoustical attenuation.
In various embodiments, the acoustical attenuating properties of the seal can be further enhanced, particularly at selected frequencies, through the use of one or more coatings described herein such as a silicone coating. The coating can be configured to provide greater attenuation over a selected range of frequencies which can partially or fully overlap the attenuation frequency range of the seal or be at a different frequency range altogether. Thus in use, the coating provides a bi or even multi level frequency range of acoustical attenuation. The coating can also be configured (e.g., via control of viscosity, surface tension, etc) to fill in any pores or micro imperfections in the material of the seal than can serve as channels for acoustical leaks and, in this way, serve as a fault tolerant acoustical attenuation layer. Further, the coating can be configured to fill in such imperfections which develop after seal insertion and in this way the coating serves as self repairing acoustical attenuating layer which provides the seal with a self repairing acoustical attenuating property.
In various embodiments, seal 100 can comprise two or more seals so to form a multi-seal system 100m.
In various embodiments, the seals of system 100m can also be adapted to fit in different parts of the ear canal 10. For example seal 100″ can be adapted to be placed more medially in the canal closer to the tympanic membrane and seal 100′ more laterally. More specifically, seal 100′ can have a shape and spring force to center and retain hearing device first portion 20′ (e.g., the battery assembly) in a first location in the ear canal and seal 100″ can have a shape and spring force to center and retain hearing device second portion 20″ (e.g., the receiver assembly) in a second location in the ear canal. The use of different shapes and spring forces for the seals allows different shaped components of hearing device 20′ to be centered and comfortably retained in different portions of the ear canal. It also provides for more points of contact and additive spring force for retaining the hearing device in the ear canal. In this way, the two seals of multi-seal system 100m provide a dual spring retention means for more securely and comfortably retaining a hearing device in the ear canal for periods of extended wear.
As shown in
In various embodiments, all or a portion, of seal 100 can comprises a compliant material configured to conform to the shape of the ear canal. In many embodiments, the seal is fabricated from an elastomeric foam 100f having dimensions and compliance properties configured to conform to the shape of the ear canal and exert a spring force on the canal so as to hold the seal 100 in place in the ear canal. Foam 100f can be either open cell or closed cell as is known in the art. Suitable materials for foam 100f include polyurethanes, silicones, polyethylenes, flouropolymers and copolymers thereof. In a preferred embodiment, foam 100f is a polyurethane foam known in the art. Also in various embodiments, all or a portion of seal 100 can comprise a hydrophobic material known in the art including an hydrophobic layer or coating. Also the material while being hydrophobic, can be also be permeable to water vapor transmission. Examples of such material, include without limitation, silicones and flouro-polymers such as expanded polytetroflouroethylene (PTFE).
In various embodiments, seal 100 can include a core portion or core 101 and a skin portion (hereinafter “skin”) or surface layer 102. The two portions can comprise different materials or the same material with different properties. In many embodiments, the skin can be substantially smooth and the core porous. Also in many embodiments, the skin is integral to the core portion. However, in alternative embodiments the two can be separate layers with the skin affixed or coated onto the core. In a preferred embodiment, skin 102 comprises a substantially smooth non porous layer 102n that is integral to porous core portion 101. This and related embodiments, can be produced by a combination process of injection molding and casting of the seals using polymer processing methods known in the art.
In various embodiment layer 102 and layer 102n can be configured to perform several functions including one or more of the following: i) retention of the seal in the ear canal; ii) providing a biocompatible tissue contacting layer; iii) providing a barrier to liquid ingress; and iv) providing for the dimensional stability of the seal 100. In particular embodiments, layer 102n also serves to seal off the pores 101p of core portion 101 so as to form a sealed layer or barrier 102b to the influx of water and other liquids into seal 100 including core 101 as is shown in
Referring now to
Example scallop patterns 180 are shown in
Referring now to
By uniformly distributing force (e.g., around the perimeter of the seal), scalloped pattern 180 also serves to decrease the amount of deformation and/or compression of the seal in response to forces applied by the ear canal to the seal. This decreased deformation provides several benefits. First, it provides more room in the cavity 140 allowing for a larger space for hearing aid 20 as well as a gap G between the hearing aid 20 and the inner surface 130s of the shell walls 130. Providing a larger gap G in turn allows for better ventilation of the inside of the shell reducing moisture buildup as well as facilitating diffusion of air to the battery assembly (improving battery life for embodiments having metal air batteries) and to microphone assembly (improving acoustic performance).
The reduced amount of seal deformation provided by embodiments of the seal having scallops 190 also serves to improve the vapor transmission of the seal including water vapor transmission. The improvement in water vapor transmission is due to several factors. First there is less reduction in the porosity of the seal walls due to compression of the shell walls. That is, because there is less compression/deformation fewer channels or pores (not shown) of the seal walls become occluded as a result of deformation. Also the density of wall 130 is not increased as much as would be for larger amounts of deformation, this improves the permeability of the wall. Finally, vapor transmission of embodiments of the seal having scallops 190 is increased because the wall thickness 130W of the seal can be decreased. As discussed herein, improved water vapor transmission reduces the likelihood of moisture buildup in ear canal and so reduces risk of infection due to such moisture. Specific embodiments of scalloped pattern 180 can be configured to maximize water vapor transmission by minimize wall deformation and/or compression of the shell walls.
In addition to uniformly distributing the application of forces by the ear canal on the seal, the scallop pattern can also be configured to uniformly distribute the application of spring force Fs (e.g., normal) exerted by the seal on the inner circumference of the ear canal. This results in a greater degree of comfort for the patient by preventing the concentration of force in particular locations in the canal which can cause pain or irritation to the wearer. The prevention of force concentration also reduces the development of skin irritation and/or ulceration at such locations as well as preventing degradation of the bony portion of the ear canal (i.e. lost bone mass) for devices positioned therein. Further, scallop pattern 180 can be configured such that force Fs exerted by the seal on the canal does not exceed the capillary venous return pressure of the vasculature 10V of the canal epithelial layer 10E. This pressure is approximately is approximately 15 mm Hg. To stay under this pressure, seal 100 is desirably configured to exert no more than about 5 grams and more preferably no more than about 1.2 grams of force on the ear canal for 1 mm of deflection of the seal with a lower level of about 0.1 to 0.6 grams. As is discussed herein, this configuration serves to facilitate the long term health of the ear canal by reducing or preventing tissue ulceration and/or necrosis of the canal epithelium due to occlusion of the vasculature of the epithelium and thus preserve the health and structural integrity of the epithelium in contact with the seal. In this way, the scalloped shape of the inner seal wall serves to improve one or more of the comfort, biocompatibility and wearability of an extended wear hearing device 20 retained by seal 100 in the bony portion of the ear canal.
Referring now to
Also the coating can be configured to promote the in-growth of fibrils of endothelial tissue known as asparagines A to a selected depth 103D into the coating so as to mechanically retain the seal in the ear canal. Used in this way, coating 103 functions as a fastening surface 200 and asparagines A function as mechanical fastening elements 210. Together, these components function to fastenly retain seal 100 in the ear canal. In many embodiments, coating/surface 103 can be configured to retain the seal in the ear canal both through adhesive means (e.g. where the coating is an adhesive coating) and through mechanical fastening means. In this way, the use of coating 103 provides a dual means of retention of the seal in the ear canal for enhanced and thus more reliable retention of an extended wear hearing device in the ear canal.
In addition to performing a retention function, coating 103 can also be configured to have acoustical attenuation properties so as to increase the acoustical attenuation of the seal. In various embodiments, the coating can be configured to increase the acoustical attenuation of seal 100 in a range between about 1 to 10 decibels, with specific embodiments of 3 and 5 decibels. Also, the coating can be configured to produce different amounts of acoustical attenuation by varying one or more of the viscosity /or filler components of the coating. For example, increased attenuation can be achieved by increasing the viscosity of the coating or increasing the concentration of particles within the coating. For silicone coatings, silica fillers can be used, or a silica free solution can be employed. Also, as described above, in particular embodiments the coating can be configured to fill in any pores or micro imperfections in the surface or core of the seal (initially present or that develop post implant) that may act as channels for acoustical leakage. In this way, the coating serves as an acoustical attenuation fault tolerance layer as well as a self repairing acoustical attenuating layer. Finally, the coating can also be a hydrophobic coating configured to provide or enhance the liquid sealing function of barrier 102b as described above to prevent vapor or liquid water from entering into and/or saturating the retaining seal.
Coating 103 also can be configured to provide both dimensional stability and structural integrity of the seal. This can be accomplished by i) configuring the seal to serve as a barrier to moisture and/vapor ingress as described above and ii) configuring the seal to have sufficient circumferential spring force (e.g. hoop elastic modulus, hoop strength) such that the seal material exerts a circumferential force that reduces or prevents seal core 100 from swelling radially or otherwise, for example due to saturation by water or other liquid. This latter property can be specifically achieved by configuring the coating such that the circumferential spring force or hoop strength of the coating exceed any swelling forces of the seal core caused saturation of the core from aqueous solutions. In various embodiments, the circumferential spring force or hoop strength of the seal can be between 0.05 to 0.25 lbs. The configuration of the coating can include one or more of the thickness, elasticity, viscosity and other visco-elastic properties of the coating. In essence, the coating acts as a retaining band or support that opposes any swelling forces of the seal core. This band or support function of the seal in turn thus prevents or reduces the seal from swelling (e.g. in diameter or other dimension) as a result of saturation by water, sweat or other liquids in the ear canal. For use of polymeric coating, such as silastic coatings, increased hoop modulus and/or hoop strength can be obtained by increasing the amount of the cross-linking of the coating (e.g. by thermal or other curing). Through the use of cross-linking, the hoop elastic modulus can titrated for the needs of particular wearer.
The coating can also be configured to provide structural stability to the seal core of the seal by acting as a structurally supporting and protective shell or skin. This shell provides mechanical support (e.g. by hoop strength) to the seal core as well as serving as protective barrier to prevent degradation of the core by chemical environment in the ear canal (e.g. sweat, cerumen, etc). The protective function of the seal is particularly useful for embodiments of the comprising the seal comprising a foam core which can be degraded by the chemical environment within the ear canal due to ingress of liquid and other contaminants into the pores or cells of the foam. In this way, the coating provides a means for extending the life of the seal in the ear canal for periods of continuous extended wear, for example for periods of three to six months or longer without appreciable degradation in the function or structure of the seal. This in turn provides a seal which can be used for extended wear hearing device which can be worn for three to six months or longer.
Referring now to
In various embodiments, vent 160 can have a circular, or square shape, which can be tapered inward or outward. Also, vent 160 and can be partially recessed within shell 110 to facilitate comfort to the user as is shown in
In alternative embodiments, vent 160 can include a valve (not shown) configured to regulate air entering and exiting the ear canal. The valve can be micro-valve or MEMs devices known in the art. For embodiments having a MEMs based valve, the valve electronics can be electronically coupled to and/or controlled by electrical components or module of the hearing aid 20, e.g. a processor of the microphone assembly 30. Such regulation equalizes pressure between the ear canal and an external ambient pressure while minimizing acoustical feedback. The valve can be formed as a flap on the sound port. The valve can also be formed as a hinged valve mounted within the sound port.
The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications, variations and refinements will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. For example, embodiments of the protective seal can be used on a number of hearing devices including ITC devices. Further, the teachings of the invention have broad application in the hearing aid device field as well as other fields which will be recognized by practitioners skilled in the art. For example, various embodiments of seal materials and surfaces configured for asparagine in-growth are also applicable to the field of vascular prosthetics, including vascular grafts, where it is desirable to have tissue in-growth into the graft or other prosthetic in order to stabilize the graft and promote long term biocompatibility and reduced risk of infection. Other embodiments can be configured for use with other medical implants where it is desirable to have tissue in-growth to both stabilize the implant and promote long term biocompatibility. Such applications can include without limitation subcutaneous access ports (e.g., venous and arterial access); long term in dwelling catheters; implantable pumps (e.g., insulin pumps); implantable balloons (e.g. for treatment of aneurisms, gastrointestinal applications, etc.); implantable surgical fabrics, meshes and membranes (e.g. for tissue support and repair); and other like devices and materials.
Elements, characteristics, or acts from one embodiment can be readily recombined or substituted with one or more elements, characteristics or acts from other embodiments to form numerous additional embodiments within the scope of the invention. Moreover, elements that are shown or described as being combined with other elements, can, in various embodiments, exist as stand alone elements. Hence, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specifics of the described embodiments, but is instead limited solely by the appended claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/052,199, filed Jan. 16, 2002, titled “Disposable Extended Wear Canal Hearing Device” which was a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/327,717, filed Jun. 8, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,473,513, titled “Extended Wear Canal Hearing Device”, both of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/693,628, filed Oct. 25, 2003, titled “Inconspicuous semi-permanent hearing device” which was a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/199,669, filed Nov. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,940,988, titled “Semi-Permanent Canal Hearing Device”, both of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09327717 | Jun 1999 | US |
Child | 10052199 | Jan 2002 | US |
Parent | 09199669 | Nov 1998 | US |
Child | 09327717 | Jun 1999 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10693628 | Oct 2003 | US |
Child | 11238154 | Sep 2005 | US |
Parent | 10052199 | Jan 2002 | US |
Child | 11238154 | Sep 2005 | US |