Patent Application
20220140636
The present disclosure relates to a secondary battery management system, a secondary battery management method and a secondary battery management program for the secondary battery management system, and a secondary battery system.
Some power grids connected to a thermal power plant are provided with secondary batteries for grid stabilization. For example, the secondary battery is under charging/discharging control to be within an operation range (an SOC upper limit value and an SOC lower limit value).
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an estimation of a state of health (SOH), where the SOC is set to be within the upper limit value and the lower limit value based on the SOH.
In many cases, the secondary batteries stand by in a high charge state, so that discharging can be performed when required with a sufficient amount of remaining charge. However, the secondary batteries tend to degrade more easily when maintained at the high charge state for a longer period of time, and thus are not preferably maintained at such the high state of charge for an excessively long period of time.
The present disclosure has been made in view of such a circumstance, and an object is to provide a secondary battery management system, a secondary battery management method and a secondary battery management program of the secondary battery management system, and a secondary battery system with which a target state of charge of a secondary battery can be accurately and appropriately set by taking a degradation degree into consideration.
A first aspect of the present disclosure is a secondary battery management system including a setting unit configured to set a temporary target state of charge of a secondary battery based on a target power amount, an estimating unit configured to estimate a degradation degree of the secondary battery based on an amount of change in a state of charge of the secondary battery over a predetermined constant-current charging period of the secondary battery, and a calculating unit configured to calculate a target state of charge of the secondary battery by correcting the temporary target state of charge in accordance with the degradation degree.
With the configuration described above, the degradation degree of the secondary battery in the present state is estimated each time based on the amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery over the constant-current charging period that is performed in a charging period, whereby the degradation degree of the secondary battery can be more accurately calculated. The temporary target state of charge set based on the target power amount is corrected in accordance with the degradation degree to determine the target state of charge of the secondary battery. Thus, the power can be more reliably stored in the secondary battery with respect to the target power amount, by taking the shortage of the charging capacity due to the degradation into consideration.
The target state of charge of the secondary battery can be appropriately set by taking the degradation degree in the present state into consideration, and thus the secondary battery is prevented from being maintained in an excessively high charge state, whereby the reduction of battery life can be suppressed.
In the secondary battery management system described above, the estimating unit may estimate the degradation degree of the secondary battery based on a ratio between a state of charge change rate that is an amount of change in a state of charge of the secondary battery in a present state over the constant-current charging period and an initial state of charge change rate of a change in the secondary battery in an initial state over the constant-current charging period.
With the configuration described above, the degradation degree in the present state is estimated in accordance with a ratio between the state of charge change rate in a present state and the initial state of charge change rate of the secondary battery, and thus the degradation degree can be easily estimated. Here, the initial state of charge change rate of the secondary battery is an amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery over the predetermined constant-current charging period, which is checked when the secondary battery is in the initial state (state before the degradation, such as during test operation adjustment, for example).
In the secondary battery management system described above, the constant-current charging period may be set based on a sampling period related to measurement of the state of charge of the secondary battery, such that a measurement error is smaller than an upper limit value set in advance.
With the configuration described above, with setting the constant-current charging period based on the sampling period, the constant-current charging period can be set with the measurement error being smaller than an upper limit value set in advance, whereby the degradation degree of the secondary battery can be more accurately estimated. An excessively short constant-current charging period for estimating the degradation degree relative to the sampling period related to the measurement of the state of charge might lead to a large measurement error.
In the secondary battery management system described above, the calculating unit may issue a warning notification when the target state of charge is outside a state of charge allowable range set in advance.
With the configuration described above, when the secondary battery is charged using a target state of charge outside the state of charge allowable range, safe operation may not be possible. Thus, the warning notification is issued for improving safety.
The secondary battery management system described above may further include a charging control unit configured to start constant-current charging of the secondary battery when the state of charge of the secondary battery reaches a reference state of charge.
With the configuration described above, the constant-current charging starts when the state of charge reaches the reference state of charge, and thus the state of charge of the secondary battery at which the constant-current charging starts can be uniformly set. Thus, an appropriate setting can be achieved for performing under the same condition of the state of the secondary battery in the constant-current charging period for estimating the degradation degree, whereby the degradation degree can be more accurately estimated.
A second aspect of the present disclosure is a secondary battery system including, a secondary battery, a charging/discharging device configured to control a charging/discharging amount of current flowing through the secondary battery, and the secondary battery management system described above.
A third aspect of the present disclosure is a secondary battery management method including, setting a temporary target state of charge of a secondary battery based on a target power amount, estimating a degradation degree of the secondary battery based on an amount of change in a state of charge of the secondary battery over a predetermined constant-current charging period of the secondary battery, and calculating a target state of charge of the secondary battery by correcting the temporary target state of charge in accordance with the degradation degree.
A fourth aspect of the present disclosure is a secondary battery management program that causes a computer to execute, setting processing of setting a temporary target state of charge of a secondary battery based on a target power amount, estimation processing of estimating a degradation degree of the secondary battery based on an amount of change in a state of charge of the secondary battery over a predetermined constant-current charging period of the secondary battery, and calculation processing of calculating a target state of charge of the secondary battery by correcting the temporary target state of charge in accordance with the degradation degree.
The present disclosure provides an effect of enabling a target state of charge of a secondary battery to be appropriately set by taking a degradation degree into consideration.
An embodiment of a secondary battery management system, a secondary battery management method and a secondary battery management program of the secondary battery management system, and a secondary battery system according to the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The secondary battery 2 is a device capable of storing and discharging power. For example, the secondary battery 2 is configured by a plurality of unit secondary batteries combined to achieve desired voltage and capacity. The secondary battery 2 may be configured by a single unit secondary battery. The secondary battery 2 is configured using, for example, a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lead secondary battery, a nickel hydrogen secondary battery, a sodium sulfur battery (NaS), or the like.
The charging/discharging device 3 controls the charging/discharging amount flowing through the secondary battery 2. Specifically, the charging/discharging device 3 performs charging/discharging control on the secondary battery 2 to bring the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 closer to the target state of charge of the secondary battery 2 set in the secondary battery management system 4 described later. A voltmeter that measures the open end voltage of the secondary battery 2 is connected to the charging/discharging device 3.
The charging/discharging device 3 is connected to the power grid 5 and the secondary battery 2, and causes the power to flow. For example, the power grid 5 is a power distribution network that connects a power generation facility and a consumer to each other, and has three-phase alternating current power flowing therein. Thus, when charging the secondary battery 2, the charging/discharging device 3 converts the three-phase alternating current into direct current to make the power flow from the power grid 5 to the secondary battery 2. When discharging the secondary battery 2, the charging/discharging device 3 converts the direct current into three-phase alternating current to make the power flow from the secondary battery 2 to the power-consuming facility 6 or the power grid 5.
The state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery 2 is a ratio of the remaining charge (the amount of power charged in the secondary battery 2) to the full charge state. Thus, for example, if the remaining charge is 0, the state of charge is 0%, and if the remaining charge is a fully charged state, the state of charge is 100%. The state of charge of the secondary battery 2 is correlated to the open end voltage of the secondary battery 2 (the output voltage in an OCV open state (zero output current)), and may be expressed, for example, as SOC-OCV characteristics. Thus, when a correlation such as the SOC-OCV characteristics is obtained for the characteristics of the secondary battery 2 in advance, the present state of charge of the secondary battery 2 can be estimated from the present open end voltage of the secondary battery 2.
The charging/discharging device 3 charges the secondary battery 2 such that the open end voltage of the secondary battery 2 reaches the open end voltage corresponding to the target state of charge (SOCtemp and SOCt described later). The applicable value is not limited to the open end voltage, as long as the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 can be estimated.
Upon receiving a command from the secondary battery management system 4 to charge the secondary battery 2 to the target state of charge, the charging/discharging device 3 charges the secondary battery 2, where at least a part of the charging time is spent for constant-current charging. The constant-current charging described herein is a charging method in which the secondary battery 2 is charged by being supplied with a predetermined constant voltage set in advance.
The secondary battery management system 4 controls charging/discharging of the secondary battery 2. Specifically, the secondary battery management system 4 controls charging and discharging of the secondary battery 2 by controlling the charging/discharging device 3, and thus manages the charged state of the secondary battery 2. In particular, the secondary battery management system 4 of the present embodiment sets the target state of charge of the secondary battery 2 by taking the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 into consideration.
When the secondary battery 2 degrades further, the chargeable capacity is lowered. Thus, the power storage amount of the degraded secondary battery 2 charged to a certain state of charge (SOCtemp described later) is smaller than the power storage amount of the secondary battery 2, with no degradation, charged to the same state of charge. This means that unless the influence of the degradation is taken into consideration, the power storage amount of the secondary battery 2 becomes small and the amount of electricity that needs to be discharged might fail to be stored. In view of this, the secondary battery management system 4 sets the target state of charge by taking the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 into consideration, whereby the amount of energy required can be reliably stored in the secondary battery 2 without being too much or too small.
The secondary battery management system 4, for example, is configured of a central processing unit (CPU), a memory such as a random access memory (RAM), and a computer readable recording medium (which are not illustrated). A sequence of processing for implementing various functions described below is stored on a recording medium or the like in the form of a program, and the various functions described below are implemented by the CPU loading this program into the RAM or the like, and executing information processing and calculation processing. As the program, a program pre-installed in the ROM or another storage media, a program provided in a state of being stored in a computer readable storage medium, a program distributed through wired or wireless communication methods, or the like may also be used. Examples of the computer-readable storage medium include a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, and a semiconductor memory.
The setting unit 21 sets a temporary target state of charge (SOCtemp described later) of the secondary battery 2 based on a target power amount supplied from the secondary battery system 1. The target power amount is the amount of power required in a discharge period until the next charge. Thus, the target power amount is stored in the secondary battery 2 while taking the efficiency of the charging/discharging device 3 into consideration, and is extracted as discharge from the secondary battery 2 when required to be used for power demand during the discharge period until the next charge. The target power amount is scheduled based on an operation plan or the like for the discharge period until the next charge (for example, the next day) in the power-consuming facility 6 to which the secondary battery system 1 is applied. For example, when the system is applied to a thermal power plant or the like, the target power amount is an amount of power set for the purpose of suppressing sudden fluctuation occurring during the daytime of the next day, against an overall total power variation schedule of the power-consuming facility 6 in the power grid 5 linked with the thermal power plant. When the system is applied to a factory or the like serving as the power-consuming facility 6, the target power amount is set as power for achieving peak cut in daytime, based on the operation plan for the factory or the like. How the target power amount is set is not limited, as long as the amount is scheduled for the discharge period until the next charge, and the amount of power that needs to be stored can be identified.
The setting unit 21 calculates a temporary target state of charge (SOCtemp described later) for storing the target power amount in the secondary battery 2 based on the target power amount set. The temporary target state of charge is the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 when the target power amount is stored in the secondary battery 2 in the initial state of the secondary battery 2 or in a state with no reduction in the chargeable capacity of the secondary battery 2. For the actual target state of charge (SOCt described below), the calculating unit 24 to be described below corrects the temporary target state of charge based on the degradation degree.
The charging control unit 22 starts the constant-current charging for the secondary battery 2 when the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 reaches a certain predetermined reference state of charge initially set.
The efficiency of the charging/discharging device 3 varies depending on the state of charge (output voltage) of the secondary battery 2.
Specifically, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
The charging control unit 22 performs the constant-current charging in the constant-current charging period that is set in advance in accordance with the reference state of charge. The constant-current charging period is a predetermined period of time during which the constant-current charging is performed, and is denoted by ΔT (end time point t2−start time point t1) in
On the other hand, a long constant-current charging period may cause the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 to reach the temporary target state of charge before the degradation degree is estimated. Thus, it is appropriate to set to the constant-current charging period to be within about 5 to 10 minutes. Specifically, the constant-current charging period is set based on the sampling period related to the measurement of the state of charge of the secondary battery 2, to make the measurement error smaller than the upper limit value set in advance. The constant-current charging period can be set to be the shortest possible period, by setting the measurement error to be the upper limit value set in advance based on the sampling period.
After the constant-current charging period has elapsed, the charging control unit 22 still performs the constant-current charging, and performs the charging until the target state of charge calculated by the calculating unit 24 described below is achieved. After the constant-current charging period has elapsed, the constant-current charging may not be performed until the target state of charge is achieved. For example, when there is not much charging time until the discharge start time for the operation of the secondary battery system 1, the time required until the charging is completed may be shortened through quickly charging by increasing the current amount after the constant-current charging period has elapsed.
The estimating unit 23 estimates the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 in the present state based on the amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 changed during the predetermined constant-current charging period (set in advance based on
When the secondary battery 2 degrades, the state of charge change rate changes. Specifically, a larger degradation of the secondary battery 2 tends to lead to an increase in the amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 changed during the constant-current charging period. For example, the storage capacity of the secondary battery 2 decreases as degradation progresses. Thus, when a charging/discharging time of a secondary battery 2 with reduced storage capacity and that of a secondary battery 2 with no reduced storage capacity are compared with the same current value, the secondary battery 2 with the reduced storage capacity reaches the set state of charge earlier and thus ends the discharging earlier. Thus, the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 can be evaluated based on the state of charge change rate in the present state.
In view of this, using the following Formula (1), the estimating unit 23 calculates a state of charge change rate Dd in the present state, which is the amount of change ΔSOC in the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 in the present state changed during the constant-current charging period Δt.
The initial state of charge change rate of the secondary battery 2 in the initial state is set to the estimating unit 23 in advance. The initial state is a start of usage state in which the secondary battery 2 has not degraded. The initial state of charge change rate is, for example, assumed to be measured during manufacturing, testing, or the like of the secondary battery 2 and set. Specifically, an initial state of charge change rate Ddi is calculated using the following Formula (2) and set in advance.
In the formula, ΔSOCi represents an amount of change in the initial state of charge of the secondary battery 2 in the initial state.
Then, the estimating unit 23 estimates the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 based on the state of charge change rate Dd in the present state and the initial state of charge change rate Ddi. Specifically, the following Formula (3) is used for calculating a degradation degree Dp.
With a ratio of the state of charge change rate Dd in the present state to the initial state of charge change rate Ddi calculated as in Formula (3), a change in the state of charge change rate relative to the initial state can be quantitatively expressed as the degradation degree. The state of charge change rate increases as the secondary battery 2 degrades. Specifically, a value equal to or larger than 1 is obtained for the degradation degree in Formula (3), when the degradation is occurring. When there is no degradation, the initial state of charge change rate Ddi is equal to the state of charge change rate Dd in the present state, and thus the degradation degree Dp=1 holds.
The estimating unit 23 estimates the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 in this manner and outputs the estimated degradation degree to the calculating unit 24. The calculation method for the degradation degree is not limited to the one described above, and any method may be applied as long as the degradation degree can be quantitatively evaluated.
The calculating unit 24 corrects the temporary target state of charge based on the degradation degree, and calculates the target state of charge of the secondary battery 2. In other words, the calculating unit 24 calculates the target state of charge in which the degradation of the secondary battery 2 is taken into consideration. Specifically, the calculating unit 24 corrects the temporary target state of charge SOCtemp by multiplying the temporary target state of charge by the degradation degree, as in the following Formula (4), and calculates the final target state of charge SOCt of the secondary battery 2.
[Math. 4]
SOC
t
=SOC
temp
×Dp (4)
When degradation has progressed, the degradation degree Dp in the present state is a value that is equal to or larger than 1. In other words, when degradation has progressed, the relationship SOCt>SOCtemp holds. Thus, even when the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is lower due to such degradation, the required target power amount can be more reliably stored in the secondary battery 2 by setting the target state of charge SOCt to a value larger than the temporary state of charge SOCtemp.
As illustrated in
The calculating unit 24 issues a warning notification when the target state of charge SOCt is outside a state of charge allowable range set in advance. The state of charge allowable range is an operation range in which the upper limit and the lower limit of the state of charge are set in advance while taking the degradation and safety of the secondary battery 2 into consideration. The state of charge allowable range has an operation state of charge upper limit value (SOC 90% for example) and an operation state of charge lower limit value (SOC 10% for example) set in advance in accordance with identification of charging/discharging of the secondary battery 2, or the like. For example, the secondary battery 2 in a state beyond the state of charge allowable range is overcharged or overdischarged, and is in a state involving excessively quick degradation of the secondary battery 2, which may result in a failure to guarantee the safety of the secondary battery 2, or the like. Thus, the calculating unit 24 determines whether the calculated target state of charge SOCt is within the state of charge allowable range, and issues the warning notification when the target state of charge SOCt is outside the state of charge allowable range. For example, the warning notification is issued to an operator in a power plant, a factory, or the like to which the secondary battery system 1 is applied. When the target state of charge SOCt is outside the state of charge allowable range set in advance due to a temporary operation status of the secondary battery system 1, the operator or the like may determine to temporarily set the target state of charge SOCt to the operation upper limit value or the operation lower limit value for the calculating unit 24, so as to be capable of accommodating an unplanned temporary operation status in the secondary battery system 1.
Next, target state of charge calculation processing executed by the secondary battery management system 4 described above will be described with reference to
First, the temporary target state of charge of the secondary battery 2 is set based on the target power amount supplied from the secondary battery system 1 (S101).
Next, the predetermined constant-current charging of the secondary battery 2 starts from the predetermined reference state of charge (S102).
Next, based on the amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 changed during the predetermined constant-current charging period, the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 in the present state is estimated (S103).
Next, the temporary target state of charge is corrected based on the degradation degree, and the final target state of charge of the secondary battery 2 is set (S104).
The secondary battery 2 is likely to degrade when maintained at a high charge state for a long period of time.
As described above, with the secondary battery management system, the secondary battery management method and the secondary battery management program of the secondary battery management system, and the secondary battery system according to the present embodiment, the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 in the present state is estimated based on the amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 during the constant-current charging period. Thus, the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 can be more accurately estimated. The temporary target state of charge set based on the target power amount is corrected in accordance with the degradation degree to determine the target state of charge of the secondary battery 2. Thus, the target power amount can be more reliably stored in the secondary battery 2, by taking the shortage of the capacity due to the degradation in the present state into consideration.
The target state of charge of the secondary battery 2 can be appropriately set by taking the degradation degree into consideration, and thus the secondary battery 2 is prevented from being maintained at an excessively high charge state, whereby the reduction of battery life can be suppressed.
The degradation degree in the present state is estimated based on a ratio between the state of charge change rate of the secondary battery 2 in the present state and the initial state of charge change rate, and thus the degradation degree can be easily estimated. Here, the initial state of charge change rate of the secondary battery 2 is an amount of change in the state of charge of the secondary battery 2 changed during the predetermined constant-current charging period, with the secondary battery 2 being in the initial state (state before the degradation).
An excessively short constant-current charging period for estimating the degradation degree relative to the sampling period related to the measurement of the state of charge might lead to a large measurement error. Thus, with the constant-current charging period set based on the sampling period, the constant-current charging period can be set with the measurement error being smaller than an upper limit value set in advance, whereby the degradation degree of the secondary battery 2 can be more accurately estimated.
When the secondary battery 2 is charged using a target state of charge outside the state of charge allowable range, safe operation may not be possible. Thus, the warning notification is issued for improving safety.
The state of charge of the secondary battery 2 at which the constant-current charging starts is uniformly set, so that the constant-current charging starts when the state of charge reaches the reference state of charge. Thus, the charging start condition can be managed for performing the constant-current charging under the same condition of the state of the secondary battery 2. Thus, an appropriate state of the secondary battery 2 in the constant-current charging period for estimating the degradation degree in the present state can be achieved, and the degradation degree can be more accurately estimated.
The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications within the scope of the disclosure can be made.
For example, the secondary battery system 1 can be used for thermal power plants for suppressing sharp power fluctuations, and can be used for a factories and power consumption regions to implement peak cut and ancheri services (buying and selling power from/to a power company). The secondary battery system 1 is applicable to various facilities requiring the secondary battery 2 to be installed, and is not limited to power plants and factories.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-197681 | Oct 2018 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/039585 | 10/8/2019 | WO | 00 |
