Patent Application
20220131239
This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0139876 filed on Oct. 27, 2020 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to a secondary battery, and more specifically, to a secondary battery including a case which receives an electrode assembly.
Secondary batteries capable of being charged and discharged have been developed and studied as power sources for high-tech devices such as a digital camera, a cellular phone, a laptop computer, a hybrid automobile and the like. Examples of the secondary battery include a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, and a lithium secondary battery. Among them, the lithium secondary battery is widely used in terms of operating voltage and energy density per unit weight.
As the secondary battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, performance such as output and capacity may be gradually deteriorated. For example, operating characteristics of the secondary battery may be deteriorated by decomposition of active materials and electrolyte during storage or charging and discharging of the secondary battery, by-products due to a reaction between the active materials and the electrolyte and the like.
In addition, as a high current flows in electrode tabs of the secondary battery having a relatively narrow width, a temperature thereof may be rapidly increased. In this case, heat generated from the electrode tabs is transferred to a pouch for the secondary battery, which may cause a damage in the pouch.
In this case, the electrolyte may leak from the secondary battery, and as the temperature of the pouch for the secondary battery is increased, a side reaction in the electrolyte may additionally occur.
For example, Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2018-0023817 discloses a pouch type secondary battery in which a battery cell housing part is formed in a pouch film through a pressing process, and a battery cell is received in the housing part.
Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2018-0023817
One object according to embodiments of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery having improved mechanical stability and operational reliability.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a secondary battery including: an electrode assembly which may include a plurality of electrodes and a separation membrane disposed between the electrodes; a case configured to receive the electrode assembly; electrode tabs which are connected with the electrodes and protrude to an outside of the case; and a thermoelectric unit configured to at least partially cover the electrode tab, wherein the thermoelectric unit includes: an insulator; and a thermoelectric region which includes thermoelectric elements included in the insulator or attached to the insulator, and is disposed to be overlapped with the electrode tab in a planar direction.
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit may include, an insulator, and a thermoelectric region which includes thermoelectric elements included in the insulator or attached to the insulator. The thermoelectric unit may be disposed to be overlapped with the electrode tab in the planar direction.
In some embodiments, the insulator may include a first insulator which covers an upper surface of the electrode tab and a second insulator which covers a lower surface of the electrode tab, and the thermoelectric region may include a first thermoelectric region formed in the first insulator and a second thermoelectric region formed in the second insulator.
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit may further include a hinge part configured to couple the first insulator and the second insulator, wherein the thermoelectric unit is folded through the hinge part so that the first thermoelectric region and the second thermoelectric region are disposed to face each other with the electrode tab interposed therebetween.
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit may further include a support disposed on the case to fix the thermoelectric unit.
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit may further include a third thermoelectric region including thermoelectric elements which are included in the support or attached to the support.
In some embodiments, the third thermoelectric region may cover a portion of the electrode tab included in the case in the planar direction.
In some embodiments, the case may include a sealing part fused with the electrode tab, and the third thermoelectric region may cover the sealing part in the planar direction.
In some embodiments, wherein each of the electrodes may include an electrode current collector and a notched part which protrudes from the electrode current collector and is connected with the electrode tab, and the third thermoelectric region at least partially may cover the notched part in the planar direction.
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit may further include a thermal conductive intermediate layer which is formed in the thermoelectric region, thus to be disposed between the electrode tab and the thermoelectric region.
In some embodiments, the thermal conductive intermediate layer may include thermal grease or heat transfer paste.
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric element may include a P-N diode.
According to exemplary embodiments, the secondary battery of the present invention includes the thermoelectric unit covering at least a portion of the electrode tab. The heat generated from the electrode tab during rapid charging of the secondary battery may be effectively cooled through the thermoelectric unit.
Accordingly, it is possible to effectively prevent a side reaction of the electrolyte due to overheating of the secondary battery during rapid charging, leakage of the electrolyte due to damage to the case and the like. In addition, by increasing heat dissipation and cooling rate through the thermoelectric elements, charging/discharging speed and efficiency of the secondary battery may be improved.
The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a secondary battery including an electrode assembly, a case, electrode tabs, and a thermoelectric unit including thermoelectric elements which cover the electrode tabs.
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these are merely illustrative examples and the present invention is not limited thereto.
In descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention, publicly known techniques that are judged to be able to make the purport of the present invention unnecessarily obscure will not be described in detail. Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views. In addition, the terms as used herein are defined by taking functions of the present invention into account and can be changed according to the custom or intention of users or operators. Therefore, definition of the terms should be made according to the overall disclosure set forth herein.
It should be understood that the technical spirit and scope of the present invention are defined by the appended claims, and the following embodiments are only made to efficiently describe the present invention to persons having common knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.
Referring to
As shown in
The electrodes 110 may include a cathode 120 and an anode 130. The electrode current collector 115 may include a cathode current collector 125 included in the cathode 120 and an anode current collector 135 included in the anode 130. The active material layer may include a cathode active material layer 122 included in the cathode 120 and an anode active material layer 132 included in the anode 130.
The cathode 120 may include the cathode current collector 125 and the cathode active material layer 122 formed by applying a cathode active material on the cathode current collector 125. The cathode active material may include a compound capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions. In this case, the secondary battery may be provided as a lithium secondary battery.
In exemplary embodiments, the cathode active material may include lithium-transition metal composite oxide particles. For example, the lithium-transition metal composite oxide particles may include nickel (Ni), and may further include at least one of cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn).
For example, the lithium-transition metal composite oxide particle may have a composition represented by Formula 1 below:
LixNi1−yMyO2+z [Formula 1]
In Formula 1, x and y may be in a range of 0.9≤x≤1.1, and 0≤y≤0.7, and z may be in a range of −0.1≤z≤0.1, M may denote at least one element selected from Na, Mg, Ca, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Co, Fe, Cu, Ag, Zn, B, Al, Ga, C, Si, Sn and Zr.
In one embodiment, a molar ratio (1−y) of nickel in Formula 1 may be in a range of 0.8 to 0.95. In this case, it is possible to increase output and capacity of the secondary battery through a cathode composition of high-nickel (high-Ni) contents.
The cathode current collector 125 may include a metal material which has no reactivity in a charging/discharging voltage range of the secondary battery and facilitates application and adhesion of the electrode active material. For example, the cathode current collector 125 may include stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, copper, zinc, or an alloy thereof, and preferably includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
For example, a slurry may be prepared by mixing the cathode active material with a binder, a conductive material and/or a dispersant in a solvent, followed by stirring the same. The slurry may be coated on the cathode current collector 125, followed by compressing and drying to manufacture the cathode 120 including the cathode active material layer 122.
The binder may be selected from, for example, an organic binder such as vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, etc., or an aqueous binder such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and may be used together with a thickener such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). For example, a PVDF-based binder may be used as a binder for forming the cathode. In this case, an amount of the binder for forming the cathode active material layer may be reduced and an amount of the cathode active material may be relatively increased, thus to improve the output and capacity of the secondary battery.
The conductive material may be included to facilitate electron transfer between the active material particles. For example, the conductive material may include a carbon-based conductive material such as graphite, carbon black, graphene, or carbon nanotubes and/or a metal-based conductive material such as tin, tin oxide, titanium oxide, or a perovskite material such as LaSrCoO3, or LaSrMnO3.
The anode 130 may include the anode current collector 135, and the anode active material layer 132 formed by applying an anode active material on the anode current collector 135.
As the anode active material, any active material known in the related art may be used, so long as it can absorb and desorb lithium ions. For example, carbon-based materials such as crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon composite, carbon fiber, etc., a lithium alloy, or a silicon (Si)-based active material may be used. Examples of the amorphous carbon may include hard carbon, cokes, mesocarbon microbead (MCMB), mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (MPCF) or the like.
Examples of the crystalline carbon may include graphite-based carbon such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphite cokes, graphite MCMB, graphite MPCF or the like. Other elements included in the lithium alloy may include, for example, aluminum, zinc, bismuth, cadmium, antimony, silicone, lead, tin, gallium, indium or the like.
In one embodiment, the anode active material may include a silicon-based active material to implement a high-capacity lithium secondary battery. The silicon-based active material may include SiOx (0<x<2) or SiOx (0<x<2) containing a lithium (Li) compound. The SiOx containing the Li compound may be SiOx containing lithium silicate. The lithium silicate may be present in at least a portion of the SiOx (0<x<2) particles, for example, may be present inside and/or on a surface of the SiOx (0<x<2) particles. In one embodiment, the lithium silicate may include Li2SiO3, Li2Si2O5, Li4SiO4, Li4Si3O8 and the like.
The silicon-based active material may include, for example, a silicon-carbon composite compound such as silicon carbide (SiC).
The anode current collector 135 may include stainless steel, copper, nickel, aluminum, titanium, or an alloy thereof. Preferably, the anode current collector 135 includes copper or a copper alloy.
For example, the anode active material may be prepared in the form of a slurry by mixing it with the above-described binder, conductive material, and thickener in a solvent, followed by stirring the same. The slurry may be coated on at least one surface of the anode current collector 135, followed by compressing and drying to manufacture the anode 130 including the anode active material layer 132.
As the binder and the conductive material, materials which are substantially the same as or similar to the above-described materials used in the cathode active material layer 122 may be used. In some embodiments, a binder for forming the anode may include, for example, an aqueous binder such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for consistency with the carbon-based active material, and may be used together with a thickener such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
The separation membrane 140 may be interposed between the cathode 120 and the anode 130. The separation membrane 140 may include a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin polymer such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, ethylene/methacrylate copolymer. The separation membrane 140 may include a nonwoven fabric made of glass fiber having a high melting point, polyethylene terephthalate fiber or the like.
According to exemplary embodiments, an electrode cell may be defined by the cathode 120, the anode 130 and the separation membrane 140, and a plurality of electrode cells may be laminated to define the electrode assembly 100.
For the convenience of illustration, the electrode assembly 100 is shown as a laminate type in
The electrode assembly 100 may be received together with the electrolyte in the case 200 to define a secondary battery. According to exemplary embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte may be used as the electrolyte.
The case 200 may be provided in the form of a pouch, for example. The case 200 may have a multilayer structure in which a plurality of insulation layers are laminated. The case 200 may include a metal layer inserted between the insulation layers.
The non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt as an electrolyte and an organic solvent. The lithium salt is represented by, for example, Li+X− and may include F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, N(CN)2−, BF4−, ClO4−, PF6−, (CF3)2PF4−, (CF3)3PF3−, (CF3)4PF2−, (CF3)5PF−, (CF3)6P−, CF3SO3, CF3CF2SO3−, (CF3SO2)2N−, (FSO2)2N−, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−, (CF3SO2)2CH−, (SF5)3C, (CF3SO2)3C−, CF3(CF2)7SO3−, CF3CO2−, CH3CO2−, SCN−, (CF3CF2SO2)2N−, and the like as an example.
Examples of the organic solvent may use any one of propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, vinylene carbonate, sulforane, γ-butyrolactone, propylene sulfite, tetrahydrofurane and the like. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
The case 200 may include a housing part 210 into which the electrode assembly 100 is received together with the non-aqueous electrolyte and a sealing part 220.
For example, the housing part 210 may have a recess shape formed by pressing a portion thereof from the sealing part 220 to a predetermined depth in a thickness direction. The electrode assembly 100 may be received into the housing part 210.
In some embodiments, the housing part 210 may be divided into a first housing part which covers an upper surface of the electrode assembly 100 and a second housing part which covers a lower surface of the electrode assembly 100. For example, the electrode assembly 100 may be disposed on a bottom of the second housing part, and the first housing part may be disposed on the electrode assembly 100. Thereafter, peripheral portions of the first and second housing parts may be fused together to form the sealing part 220.
In one embodiment, a folding part may be formed between the first housing part and the second housing part. The electrode assembly 100 may be received in the case 200 by folding up the first housing part over the electrode assembly 100 through the folding part. In this case, three edges among four edges of the case 200 may form the sealing part 220.
A notched part 150 may protrude from each electrode current collector 115 included in each of the electrodes 110. As shown in
For example, cathode notched parts may protrude from the cathode current collectors 125 to be aligned, and anode notched parts may protrude from the anode current collectors 135 to be aligned. The notched part 150 shown in
The electrode tab 160 may be merged or fused together with the notched parts 150. For example, distal ends of the notched parts 150 may be fused together to be connected with the electrode tab 160. Accordingly, a cathode electrode tab and an anode electrode tab may be formed, respectively.
The electrode tab 160 may be sealed together with the sealing part 220 of the case 200. As shown in
In one embodiment, an insulation film (not illustrated) may be interposed between the electrode tab 160 and the sealing part 220. Thereby, even when the case 200 is damaged, insulation between the electrode tab 160 and the case 200 may be maintained, and adhesion between the electrode tab 160 and the sealing part 220 may be enhanced.
For example, the electrode tab 160 may include metals which are substantially the same as or similar to metals to be included in the electrode current collector 115.
For example, the electrode tab 160 may have a thickness of about 0.1 mm to about 1.0 mm. Preferably, the electrode tab 160 has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm. Within the above-described range, cooling/heat dissipation through the thermoelectric element included in the thermoelectric unit 300 to be described below may be effectively implemented.
According to exemplary embodiments, the thermoelectric unit 300 may be disposed to cover the electrode tab 160. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit 300 may cover a portion of the case 200 and a portion of the electrode tab 160 together, which are exposed to the outside of the case 200.
The thermoelectric unit 300 may include an insulator 310 including a thermoelectric region 320. Thermoelectric elements 328a, 328b and 328c (see
For example, the insulator 310 may include polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic polymer, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, cellulose, aramid, nylon, polyester, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, polyallylate, Teflon and the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
The insulator 310 may have a single film or multilayer structure including the above-described material.
The thermoelectric element included in the thermoelectric region 320 may include, for example, a semiconductor element which converts thermal energy into electric energy or vice versa by the Peltier effect. For example, as shown in
The thermoelectric element may effectively dissipate heat generated from the electrode tab 160 to cool the same during charging/discharging of the secondary battery. For example, the thermoelectric elements 328a, 328b and 328c may cool the electrode tab 160 by moving heat generated from the electrode tab 160 to the outside as current flows.
For example, in a high speed charging process, heat rapidly increasing from the electrode assembly 100 may be absorbed from the electrode tab 160 and rapidly converted into a current in the thermoelectric region 320, thus to effectively cool the electrode assembly 100 or the electrode tab 160 Accordingly, it is possible to facilitate the repetition of high-speed charging/discharging while increasing discharge efficiency.
In addition, charge efficiency may be enhanced by supplying the current converted in the thermoelectric region 320 back to the charging process.
As shown in
In some embodiments, the thermoelectric region 320 may also be overlapped with a portion of the electrode tab 160 disposed in the case 200 in the planar direction, and may also be overlapped with the notched part 150. In this case, the thermoelectric region 320 may cover the sealing part 220 of the case 200 in which the electrode tab 160 is sealed.
Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte from leaking due to the thermal damage to the sealing part 220 while suppressing the thermal damage at a junction part of the electrode tab 160 and the notched part 150.
In one embodiment, the thermoelectric region 320 may also be partially overlapped with the electrode assembly 100 in the planar direction.
The thermoelectric unit 300 may include a support 330 for coupling and fixing the thermoelectric unit 300 on the case 200. As described above, the support 330 may also include the thermoelectric region 320 to be overlapped with the electrode tab 160 and the notched part 150 in the case 200.
Referring to
The first thermoelectric region 322 may be buried in the first insulator 312 or formed on the first insulator 312. The second thermoelectric region 324 may be buried in the second insulator 314 or formed on the second insulator 314.
As described above, the thermoelectric elements may be distributed in the thermoelectric region 320. As shown in
The first insulator 312 and the second insulator 314 may be folded through the hinge part 340 to face each other with the electrode tab 160 interposed therebetween. Thereby, a cooling effect is realized through the thermoelectric elements 328a and 328b together on the upper and lower surfaces of the electrode tab 160, thus to facilitate rapid cooling.
A holding part 360 may be formed at a distal end of the first insulator 312 or the second insulator 314 to fix the first insulator 312 or the second insulator 314 folded to face each other.
In some embodiments, as shown in
For example, the thermal conductive intermediate layer 325 may fill a gap between the thermoelectric elements and the electrode tab 160. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a mechanical damage to the electrode tab 160 which may occur when the thermoelectric elements directly collide with the electrode tab 160. In addition, it is possible to prevent an increase in the resistance due to direct contact between the electrode tab 160 and the thermoelectric elements, thereby preventing additional heat generation due to an increase in the contact resistance.
For example, the thermal conductive intermediate layer may be formed using a coating composition such as thermal grease, heat transfer paste or the like.
As described above, the thermoelectric unit 300 may include the support 330 disposed on the case 200 to fasten the thermoelectric unit 300 to the secondary battery. The support 330 may also be coupled to the hinge part 340 to be separated into, for example, a first support and a second support which come into contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the case 200, respectively.
In some embodiments, the support 330 may be connected to or merged with the insulator 310, and may include materials which are substantially the same as or similar to the insulator 310.
As shown in
The thermoelectric elements 328a, 328b and 328c may be arranged to be connected in series or parallel to each other. As shown by dotted arrows in
Hereinafter, specific experimental examples are proposed to facilitate understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are only given for illustrating the present invention and those skilled in the art will obviously understand that various alterations and modifications are possible within the scope and spirit of the present invention. Such alterations and modifications are duly included in the appended claims.
An electrode assembly including a cathode (a cathode active material: Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2), and a cathode current collector: Al base film having a thickness of 12 μm), an anode (an anode active material: a mixture of artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 9:1, an anode current collector: Cu base film having a thickness of 12 μm), and a separation membrane (polyethylene, thickness 25 μm) was prepared. A cathode notched part and an anode notched part formed on the current collectors were connected to an Al cathode tab and a Cu anode tab, respectively, and the electrode assembly was received in the pouch, followed by welding the cathode tab and the anode tab at edges of both ends of the pouch, respectively, to seal three edges of the pouch except for one edge into which an electrolyte is injected. After injecting the electrolyte through the remaining one edge of the pouch, the remaining one edge was sealed to seal all of the edges.
The electrolyte used herein was prepared by dissolving 1M LiPF6 solution in a mixed solvent of EC/EMC/DEC (25/45/30; volume ratio), and adding 1 wt. % of vinylene carbonate (VC), 0.5 wt. % of 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), and 0.5 wt. % of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) thereto.
As shown in
A secondary battery was manufactured according to the same procedures as described in Example 1, except that the thermoelectric unit was coupled to the anode tab.
A secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thermoelectric units were coupled to both the cathode tab and the anode tab.
A secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thermoelectric unit was omitted.
(1) Measurement of Temperature of Electrode Tap
A maximum temperature of the electrode tab was measured while charging the secondary batteries manufactured in the examples and the comparative examples from SOC0 to SOC80 (CCCV 4.1 V 5C-rate SOC80 cut-off).
(2) Evaluation of Charging Time
A charging time from SOC0 to SOC80 was measured under the conditions described in (1) above.
(3) Evaluation of Cycle Characteristics
The number of charging/discharging cycles of the secondary batteries that can be maintained up to SOH80 was measured while repeating one cycle of charging and discharging performed under the following conditions i) to iv).
<Charging/Discharging Conditions>
i) Charging: CCCV 4.1 V 5C-rate SOC80 capacity cut-off
ii) Rest time: 10 min
iii) Discharging: CC ⅓C-rate 2.5 V cut-off
iv) Rest time: 10 min
The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 below.
Referring to Table 1 above, in the case of the examples in which the thermoelectric unit were coupled to the cathode tab or the anode tab, the charging time was more shortened while decreasing the temperature of the electrode tab than in the comparative example, and the cycle characteristics were also improved.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0139876 | Oct 2020 | KR | national |
