The present invention relates to the art of Internet commerce. It finds particular application in conjunction with Internet credit/debit transactions, and will be described with particular reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that the present invention is also amenable to other like applications.
Internet commerce, or e-commerce as it is otherwise known, relates to the buying and selling of products and services by buyers and sellers over the Internet or the transactional exchange of information. The convenience of shopping over the Internet has sparked considerable interest in e-commerce on behalf of both buyers and sellers. Internet sales or like transactions have been typically carried out using standard credit/debit cards such as Visa®, MasterCard®, Discover®, American Express®, or the like. However, while widely used for more traditional face-to-face transactions, use of these standard credit/debit cards and their associated processing systems in connection with e-commerce presents certain difficulties.
In particular, for example, standard credit/debit card transactions typically involve a relatively high number of intermediaries that are used in processing the transaction from an initial purchase request, through authentication and authorization, and ultimately to settlement. In addition to the actual buyer and seller, the cast involved in ultimately completing the transaction through to settlement typically entails member banks including a merchant or acquiring bank and an issuing bank. Often, an Internet processor (e.g., Cybercash), member service provider (MSP), or an independent sales organization (ISO) is also involved. Additionally, third party processors, agent banks, and/or deposit banks are commonly employed. As each intermediary charges a bulk, per-transaction, percentage, or other like fee for its role in handling the transaction, the total transaction cost grows with each additional intermediary employed. Consequently, streamlining transaction processing and elimination of intermediaries beneficially holds transaction costs down.
Another issue is buyer confidence and security. The fact that e-commerce transactions are not carried out face-to-face often creates apprehension in a potential buyer regarding transactions. This apprehension is fueled by uncertainty of the reputation or quality of seller with whom they're dealing and the security of their credit/debit card information or other personal information (e.g., address, credit card number, phone number, etc.) typically submitted along with a traditional Internet credit/debit transaction. Additionally, both the credit/debit account holder, sellers, financial institutions are concerned about safeguarding against fraudulent or otherwise unauthorized credit/debit card transactions.
The present invention contemplates a new and improved transaction processing system and technique for carrying out credit/debit transactions over the Internet that overcomes the above-referenced problems and others.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for conducting a commercial transaction carried out over the Internet is provided. The method includes synchronizing a token with a periodically changing non-predictable code, and providing an account holder with the token. The token displays the periodically changing non-predictable code. The method further includes receiving a code communicated by a buyer in the commercial transaction, and comparing the received code with the periodically changing non-predictable code to authenticate the buyer as the account holder when the received code matches the periodically changing non-predictable code.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of carrying out commercial transactions is provided. The method includes generating a number of separate periodically changing non-predictable codes, and assigning unique user names to a number of account holders such that each user name is associated with one of the separate periodically changing non-predictable codes. The account holders are provided with tokens and each token is synchronized to generate the same separate periodically changing non-predictable code associated with the unique user name assigned to the account holder being provided the token. Thereafter, codes along with user names communicated by buyers involved in commercial transactions are received and, for each set of received codes and user names, the buyer is authenticated as the account holder having the corresponding user name when the received code matches the periodically changing non-predictable code for the user name communicated.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of conducting commercial Internet transactions is provided. The method includes selecting merchants as designated sellers for buyers to perform commercial transactions with, and providing the selected merchants with transaction objects to be installed on their Internet connected servers which are used to perform commercial transactions between the merchants and buyers. Account holders are provided with user names and tokens. The tokens generate periodically changing non-predictable codes associated with the user names of the account holders to which the tokens were provided. The same periodically changing non-predictable codes associated with each user name are remotely generated as well. Sets of information associated with the commercial Internet transactions are received due to buyers accessing the transaction objects of selected merchants. Each set of information includes a pass code and a user name. Each buyer is authenticated as the account holder having the received user name when the received pass code matches the remotely generated periodically changing non-predictable code for that user name.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of processing commercial transactions carried out over the Internet between account holders and participating merchants is provided. The method includes receiving a purchase request of a buyer from a participating merchant indicating that the buyer desires to carry out a transaction with the merchant. The transaction includes the buyer purchasing one or more selected items from the merchant. The buyer is authenticated as an account holder and transaction fulfillment data is established. The transaction fulfillment data indicates a delivery destination for the selected items. In turn, the transaction fulfillment data is communicated to the participating merchant, and transaction details from the participating merchant are received. The transaction details include a cost for the selected items. Thereafter, completion of the transaction is authorized and an authorization code established therefor is communicated to the participating merchant.
One advantage of the present invention is that Internet credit/debit transactions are privately, securely, potentially anonymously, and readily carried out.
Another advantage of the present invention is that a high transaction count boosted by increased buyers' confidence in Internet shopping leads to increased sales for sellers.
Another advantage of the present invention is that buyers and sellers are protected from fraudulent or otherwise unauthorized transactions.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that transaction costs are reduced to the extent that streamlined processing reduces intermediaries that would otherwise contribute to the transaction costs.
Still further advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
The invention may take form in various components and arrangements of components, and in various steps and arrangements of steps. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
With reference to
With further reference to
With further reference to
Preferably, a verification program 110 is applied to evaluate the seller 20 based on the seller information 102 received by the coordinator 10. The verification program 110, optionally running on the coordinator's server 12, is carried out using a predetermined or otherwise selected algorithm that acts on quantifiable values representing the seller information 102. In this manner, the seller's credit worthiness is determined and/or the seller's reliability and reputation for customer service and sound business practice is determined using objective, subjective, or a combination of objective and subjective criteria. Accordingly, the coordinator 10 ensures that the seller 20 is able to meet potential obligations. Moreover, account holders 30 participating in the transaction processing system A are reassured that they are patronizing high quality merchants or sellers with strong customer satisfaction guarantees.
In response to the evaluation, at decision step 120, the coordinator 10 decides whether or not the interested seller 20 is declined or approved for participation. If declined, a notification 122 is sent to the interested seller and the seller registration process 100 ends. If approved, the coordinator 10 forwards a seller agreement 124 to the seller 20. Online or over the Internet 50, the seller agreement 124 is optionally forwarded from the coordinator's server 12 to the seller's server 22. The seller agreement 124 outlines the rights and responsibilities or duties of the seller 20 with respect to their participation in the credit/debit transaction processing system A. After the seller 20 physically signs, electronically signs, or otherwise executes the seller agreement 124, it is returned to the coordinator 10, perhaps through the coordinator's server 12. Upon receipt of the executed seller agreement 124a, the coordinator 10 creates and maintains a record of the seller information 102, the seller's approval, the seller agreement 124, etc. Preferably, the record is electronically created and maintained in a coordinator's database 14 which is accessible by the coordinator 10, and optionally, the funding source 40.
Preferably, upon acceptance of the executed seller agreement 124a, the coordinator 10 forwards to the seller 20 a transaction object 126 which places a link on the seller's online shopping check-out page or otherwise runs on the seller's server 22. The object or link operates to integrate the credit/debit transaction processing system A into, or otherwise allows the processing system A to be accessed through, the seller's online shopping system or Internet shopping web page or pages. Optionally, the coordinator 10 installs the object on the seller's server 22. Accordingly, account holders 30 shopping online or over the Internet 50 can access the object (e.g., by clicking the link on seller's check-out web page) and be automatically routed to the coordinator 10 for authentication and/or authorization. In this manner then, merchants or sellers 20 become registered for participation in the transaction processing system A.
With further reference to
Preferably, the coordinator 10 passes relevant account holder registration data 202 to the funding source 40. The relevant account holder registration data 202 is then analyzed for credit worthiness. Optionally, the data is analyzed by the funding source's own credit approval system, or it is passed on to one or more credit bureaus 210 for analysis. The analysis preferably includes the application of known credit approval techniques and algorithms which determine credit worthiness. Ultimately, credit approval data 212 (e.g., approval or denial, amount of credit, risk, etc.) is routed back to the coordinator 10 through the funding source 40.
Upon receipt of the credit approval data 212, the coordinator 10 decides, at decision step 220, if the potential new account holder 30 is worthy of participation in the transaction processing system A. Then the coordinator 10 notifies the potential new account holder 30 of the credit decision. That is to say, if credit is declined, a credit-declined message 222 is communicated to the potential account holder 30. On the other hand, if credit is approved, approval information 224 (e.g., the annual percentage rate, credit limit, etc.) is communicated to the potential new account holder 30 for acceptance. In a preferred embodiment, the credit approval or denial is communicated to an online potential new account holder 30 accessing the coordinator over the Internet 50 by displaying an appropriate web page from the coordinator's server 12 to the potential new account holder 30. Alternately, the credit approval or denial is communicated via e-mail to the potential new account holder's designated e-mail address previously obtained along with the account holder registration data 202. In any event, optionally, at this time, the potential new account holder 30 is advanced an initial, albeit preferably limited, line of credit and temporary password enabling him to immediately shop online at a registered seller 20 using the credit/debit transaction processing system A administered by the transaction coordinator 10.
If approved and account holder status is still desired, along with an indication of acceptance, the account holder 30 supplies the coordinator 10 with additional account creation data 226 including a secret personal identification number (PIN) and the answers to a number of designated or otherwise selected security questions. The security questions are preferably questions to which only the account holder 30 is likely to know the answers (e.g., the account holder's first car, the name of the account holder's dog, etc.). Upon acceptance, the coordinator 10 creates and maintains a record for the account holder 30, preferably in electronic format on the coordinator's database 14. The account holder record includes the account holder registration data 202, credit approval data 212, approval information 224, acceptance, and additional account creation data 226. In addition, a corresponding credit account is created with the funding source 40.
The account holder record may also contain information or data relating to account privileges. In a preferred embodiment the account holder 30 has the option to customize or modify their account privileges. The account privileges are customized by the account holder 30, for example, by accessing the coordinator's server 12 over the Internet 50. For security purposes, the account holder is optionally authenticate as such, preferably, using the below described authentication procedure, prior to permitting any account modifications. However, at initial account creation, the below described authentication procedure is not employed. The account privileges are optionally set by the account holder 30 to limit the use of the account holder's account in the transaction processing system A. That is to say, the set account privileges may restrict the account so that purchases thereon are not authorized for specified participating merchants or sellers 20, so that automatically recurring transactions carried out absent the direct participation of the account holder 30 are not authorized, so that single purchases over a certain price limit are not authorized, so that aggregate per day purchases are limited to a desired level, and the like.
At the initial account creation, the coordinator 10 also assigns the account holder 30 an associated user identity which is unique to the account holder 30 and becomes part of the account holder's record (e.g., a self-selected user name, or an otherwise assigned alpha-numeric designation), and optionally, a corresponding credit token 230 (see
For each unique user identity, the coordinator 10 also independently generates a periodically changing non-predictable alpha-numeric code which is synchronized with and the same as the token generated code for the corresponding account holder 30 having that user identity. The independently generated and synchronized code is maintained with the corresponding account holder's record. Preferably, the coordinator 10 generates the synchronized code by running software which uses (i) an algorithm and (ii) an initial seed value which are both, identical to that used by the corresponding token 230 and (iii) a time value from a clock which is synchronized with the token's internal clock. In this manner then, the alpha-numeric code from an account holder's credit token 230 and the independently generated alpha-numeric code maintained with the account holder's record are the same at any given time.
In particular, systems for independently producing and comparing or otherwise verifying synchronized dynamically changing non-predictable codes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,168,520 and 4,720,860 to Weiss, both incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. In one preferred embodiment, at least one of the above referenced systems is employed herein.
Alternately, a potential new account holder 30 may contact the funding source 40 directly for registration to participate in the transaction processing system A. In this case, the funding source carries out substantially the same account holder registration process 200 and forwards the account holder record to the coordinator 10.
With further reference to
In any event, the coordinator 10 runs the authentication data 302 through an authentication process 310 which compares the entered or otherwise collected authentication data 302 with the corresponding data in the account holder record having the same user identity as that included with the authentication data 302. The coordinator 10 then determines, at decision step 320, whether or not the alleged account holder 30 is an authentic account holder previously registered using the account holder registration process 200. Of course, where the user identity included with the authentication data 302 does not have a corresponding account holder record or is otherwise invalid, the authentication is denied or fails and the alleged account holder 30 and/or involved seller 20 is sent a denial notification 322. Additionally, where the authentication data 302 and corresponding data in the account holder record having the same user identity do not match, the authentication is also denied or fails and the alleged account holder 30 and/or involved seller 20 is again sent the denial notification 322. Only when there is an identical match between the authentication data 302 and the account holder record does the accessing account holder 30 become authenticated and/or positively identified as the true account holder having the corresponding user identity.
In one preferred embodiment, the authentication or positive identification is carried out, e.g., as described in the previously referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,168,520 and 4,720,860. Alternately, other authentication methods or procedures may be employed that positively identify the account holder 30, e.g., challenge response, quick log mode, other one or more factor authentication methods (such as a static user name and password or PIN), smart cards, biometric authentication (such as fingerprint recognition or retinal scanners), etc. These authentication techniques ensure that the coordinator 10 is able to independently make a positive identification of the account holders 30.
With particular reference now to
With particular reference now to
If not pre-authenticated, when the buyer or account holder 30 is routed to the coordinator 10, they are presented with an authentication page from the coordinator's server 12. At this point, using the same authentication procedure 310 as used in pre-authentication, the buyer is authenticating and/or positively identified as an account holder 30 having a unique user identity. If pre-authenticated, the account holder 30 bypasses this authentication step.
In any event, provided authentication is complete and successful, the coordinator 10, at process step 360, establishes transaction fulfillment data 362. The transaction fulfillment data 362 identifies information which is used by the participating seller 20 to fulfill their obligation(s) to the account holder 30 for the commercial transaction in which they are currently engaged. For example, the transaction fulfillment data 362 preferably includes a delivery destination for the items selected for purchase in the transaction. For physical goods, the delivery destination may be a shipping address, and for downloaded content, downloaded software, digital goods or services, and other like items, the delivery destination may be an e-mail address or the account holder's networked computer 32.
With further reference to
In a preferred embodiment, if the alternate destination differs from the default destination or if the destination is a direct download to the buyer's or account holder's computer 32, an additional security precaution is invoked. More specifically, the coordinator 10 transmits one or more of the previously answered security questions 226a (i.e., the security questions to which the account holder 30 originally provided answers in connection with the submitted additional account creation data 226) to the buyer or account holder 30. The coordinator 10 then receives from the buyer or account holder 30 an answer 226b in response to each security question. The coordinator 10 then determines, at decision step 370, if the answers 226b are correct. As shown at process step 372, only when the newly received responses match the previously given answers in the account holder's record is the alternate or download destination included in the established transaction fulfillment data 362. Otherwise, as shown at process step 374, the alternate or download destination is rejected. Optionally, approved alternate destinations may also be stored in an account holder address book maintained with the account holder's record for convenient future access and use by the account holder 30.
Optionally, the delivery destination is a non-identifying destination such that anonymity of the account holder 30 is maintained with respect to the participating merchant or seller 20. For example, the non-identifying destination may be a post office box, or other neutral third party from which delivered goods are obtained by the account holder 30. Regardless of the delivery destination, once established, the transaction fulfillment data 362 is communicated by the coordinator 10, preferably online or over the Internet 50, to the participating seller 20, and the account holder 30 is routed back the participating seller 20 where they are optionally presented a shipping choice 380 including choice of shipping carrier (e.g., regular U.S. mail, Federal Express, UPS, etc.) and/or preferred shipping time (e.g., 1 month, 1 week, or next day delivery).
After the account holder 30 has made their selection 382, if any, with regard to shipping carrier and/or preferred shipping time, the transaction details 384 are transmitted from the seller 20 to the coordinator 10 where they are received for authorization processing 390. The transaction details 384 preferably include the total cost (with tax and shipping) for the selected items being purchased in the transaction. Additionally, the transaction details 384 identify the participating merchant or seller 20 and account holder 30 engaged in the transaction. Authorization is based upon the account holder's credit account having an amount of available credit sufficient to cover the total cost of the transaction. Alternately, the account is optionally a debit account such that authorization is based upon the debit account having a sufficient amount of funds on deposit to cover the total cost of the transaction. In either case, when a sufficient amount of funds or credit is available to cover the total cost of the transaction, completion of the transaction is authorized, if not authorization is denied.
Optionally, the status of the account holder's account (credit or debit) is maintained along with the account holder's record in the coordinator's database 14 such that the coordinator 10 may directly authorize transactions. Alternately, the transaction details 384 are passed along to the fund source which then authorizes the transactions. In either case, upon determining authorization (in the affirmative or in the negative), a corresponding authorization code 392 is established for the transaction. Preferably, the authorization code 392 along with the authorization result and the corresponding transaction details 384 are maintained in a transaction record, optionally, stored electronically in the coordinator's database 14. Additionally, an indication of the authorization outcome and the authorization code 392 are communicated to the participating merchant or seller 20 and account hold 30 which then act accordingly.
With further reference to
The settlement information 402 indicates that the seller 20 has fulfilled his obligations to an account holder in connection with a particular authorized commercial transaction. The obtained settlement information 402 preferably includes the authorization code 392 and the corresponding transaction details 384 for the transaction in question. The coordinator 10 then matches the settlement information 402 to the corresponding transaction record having the same authorization code 392 to confirm or otherwise validate and approve settlement when the transaction details 384 in the settlement information 402 are substantially the same as the transaction details 384 in the transaction record. In particular, the total cost from the transaction details 384 reported in the settlement information 402 is optionally permitted to vary within a given tolerance from the total cost contained in the transaction details 384 of the transaction record. In the cases where there is an insufficient match, rejected settlement information 402a is returned to the seller 20.
In a preferred embodiment, periodically (e.g., at the end of each day), the coordinator 10 communicates confirmed settlement information 402b directly to the funding source 40, preferably over the Internet 50 or other online network. In turn, the funding source 40 acts accordingly on the confirmed settlement information 402b, e.g., sending bills 410 to the appropriate account holders 30 and reimbursing the appropriate merchants or sellers 20 with payment 420 using known billing and payment processing procedures and methods. As the settlement information 402 has already been confirmed by the coordinator 10, optionally, the funding source 40 does not employ independent confirmation of the settlement information 402 and thus may act on the confirmed settlement information 402b more readily without additional procedures for validating it.
In this manner, transactions conducted in the transaction processing system A are streamlined as compared to traditional transaction processing systems. In the traditional system, buyers or account holders make purchases using a traditional credit card. The credit card number, expiration date, and accompanying personal information is then forwarded to numerous different intermediaries in an attempt to positively identify and/or authenticate the buyer as the credit card owner. Still further intermediaries are often employed to then authorize a particular transaction and the information is again routed to these additional intermediaries. As a result this system is inherently inefficient. In the transaction processing system A described herein, by providing positive user identification and/or authentication at check-out through the coordinator 10 and by integrating the authentication and authorization procedures 310 and 390, respectively, with the coordinator 10, desirable efficiencies are gained insomuch as the inefficient merchant banking system and the numerous intermediaries are avoided on both the purchase side and the settlement side.
With further reference to
In addition to administering the transaction processing system A for registered participants, the coordinator 10 also optionally opens the system up to outside third parties such as private label credit card issuers. In this manner, the transaction processing system A acts as a universal platform from which the private label cards can be used to conduct commercial transactions outside the issuer's store.
The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. For example, the transaction processing system A is equally applicable to and adept at handling face-to-face transactions, telephone transactions, and the like, as it is at handling Internet transactions. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
This application claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 60/157,304 filed on Oct. 1, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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