Patent Grant
7822820
A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electronic mail systems.
B. Description of the Related Art
E-mail, in its current state, is in dire need of a revisiting. The existing design and architecture allows for virus attacks, “spam” abuse and major security concerns. According to Computer Associates, 90% of viruses are passed through e-mail, which makes users more cautious than ever about what e-mail they open. 51% of corporations have had a virus disaster and six major viruses over the last five years have resulted in $20B in estimated global costs. In 2005, more than 200 viruses actively spread on the Internet resulting in approximately 0.65% of all e-mail messages carrying a virus.
According to the Meta Group, 75% of all corporate knowledge is communicated via e-mail (2005). The number of corporate e-mail messages sent daily worldwide is expected to double by 2006, from 31 billion messages to 60 billion. The cost of unsolicited e-mail to US and European businesses last year amounted to $11.4B. For ISPs the cost was $500M. In addition to the financial cost, this ever-growing problem of unsolicited e-mail has created security, liability, and productivity issues for organizations.
The rapid growth of e-mail has resulted in an increasing awareness of the security threats and the need for solutions to safeguard corporate networks and data. In an ever-changing landscape of products, providers and services in this growing market, millions of dollars are spent every year trying to strengthen the infrastructure of corporations in order to protect its data from spam and viruses.
Existing multi-layered protection methods typically consist of adding extra scanning processes, traps and quarantine areas, all within the network of the corporation, to reduce spam and virus intrusions. Current trends suggest that these multi-layer methods cannot stop the increase in spam e-mail and viruses. Reinforcing the infrastructure is an ad hoc solution; by the time anti-spam and anti-virus protection systems intercept the message, it already resides inside the corporation's firewall. In some cases it might not even be necessary to open the malicious e-mail; just receiving it may be enough to create damage (e.g., in the case of self-executable viruses). From a legal perspective, the digitization of documents has created a large problem in being able to track who has what copy and which was the original version. New trends surrounding archiving and tracking e-mail communications are covered daily by the press because of the following pressure points which traditional e-mail does not cover:
Compliance: The Sarbanes-Oxley (US) compliance for the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (US) both require that valid records of electronic communication between employees and clients be kept. With traditional e-mail, guaranteed tracking and auditability cannot be reliably achieved, and thus compliance cannot reliably be achieved in any easy manner.
Public disclosure of confidential material: Traditional e-mail has no way of tracking or recording unauthorized message forwarding or interception. These pitfalls make e-mail an unattractive solution for the transference of sensitive materials.
Archiving: Archivists commonly require the original document not to be changed or tampered with.
Records Management: Requirements often demand that all copies of the original document be keep in an archive.
Existing e-mail network infrastructures and protocols (hereinafter collectively “e-mail1”) have only limited tracking capabilities. Messages typically cannot be tracked between different e-mail servers and recipients; incomplete transactions due to different software configurations create non-guaranteed tracking records. Companies offering e-mail1 tracking systems typically either require users to change e-mail addresses so that messages are routed through the same server, or worse, require HTML and JavaScript embedded into each message in order to track executables (code) rather than the actual e-mail message.
Additionally, e-mail encryption methods, such as PKI, are not widely used today despite their existence for more than 10 years. This is partly because such technologies are not easy to use. For example, PKI requires each user (sender and recipients) to manually set-up their own certificate or private key, and then manually exchange this key with other users. Many users do not know how to manage their key files, creating security loopholes in the process.
Limitations of E-Mail1 Message Control and Metadata Functionality
Existing e-mail systems have several inherent limitations in the areas of message control and metadata functionality. Due to the architecture that e-mail1 is based upon, many potentially useful features are impossible or only possible to partially implement.
For example, using Microsoft's Outlook e-mail client, users have the option to ‘recall’ a message. This feature potentially ‘un-sends’ an e-mail sent in haste, or one that was sent to the incorrect recipient. However, Outlook's recall functionality typically can only work within an internal domain—a large company's e-mail network, for instance. Even then, different configuration settings on recipient computers can thwart attempts to recall messages. Because many of the people a user communicates with on a regular basis are not a part of the user's internal domain, this feature is significantly less useful than it could be.
As another example, many e-mail clients incorporate a ‘voting system’, but these tend to be available only for the simple task of providing feedback to the initial sender. These voting systems do not generally allow for more complex peer-to-peer or user-driven ratings in which feedback is available to persons other than the original sender. Further, such systems are generally not extensible in that they do not allow for easy introduction of new types of e-mail metadata functionality.
E-Mail1 Architecture and Backward Compatibility
Although the existing e-mail1 architecture is both outdated and ineffective, e-mail1 is widely accepted as the worldwide standard for online communication. There is an enormous amount of infrastructure, both hardware and software systems, devoted to maintaining and propagating e-mail1 messages. Because of the universally massive investment in e-mail1 infrastructure, it is desirable that any solution to the multitude of problems found in e-mail1 be backwards compatible, and that it not disrupt the current flow of e-mail1 communication.
An e-mail system is disclosed that embodies various inventive features. One feature of the system is a computer-implemented method of securely communicating e-mail messages. The method comprises receiving an e-mail message at a server system that implements a secure e-mail service, the e-mail message being from a sender that has an account with the secure e-mail service, and being addressed to a recipient that does not have an account with the secure e-mail service. The method further comprises storing the e-mail message in encrypted form on the server system; and transmitting, or causing the transmission of, a substitute message to the recipient (e.g., via email1 protocols). The substitute message lacks at least some message content of the e-mail message, and includes a link to a component that provides functionality for the recipient to securely retrieve the e-mail message from the server system.
Another feature of the system is a computer-implemented method of providing for secure delivery of an e-mail message sent, via an e-mail client running on a sender computing device, to a recipient e-mail address. The method comprises intercepting the e-mail message with an e-mail client plug-in running on the sender computing device, such that an ordinary transmission of the e-mail message to the recipient e-mail address is blocked. The method also comprises sending the e-mail message to a server system for storage thereon, and storing the e-mail message on the server system in an encrypted form. The method further comprises sending a substitute message to the recipient e-mail address with information about the e-mail message. The substitute message includes a key for retrieving the e-mail message from the server system, and lacks at least some message content of the e-mail message.
Another feature of the system is an e-mail client plug-in. The e-mail client plug-in is adapted to run in conjunction with an e-mail client program on a user computing device, and is capable of intercepting an e-mail message sent from the e-mail client program such that an ordinary transmission of the e-mail message is blocked. The e-mail client plug-in is also capable of causing the intercepted e-mail message to be sent over a network to a secure e-mail service for subsequent retrieval by a recipient to whom the e-mail message is addressed.
Another feature of the system is a computer-implemented method of securely transferring an e-mail message addressed to at least one recipient. The method comprises sending the e-mail message from a sender computing device to a server system for storage on the server system; and sending a notification message to an e-mail address of the recipient. The notification message includes a message key associated with the e-mail message, and lacks at least some message content of the e-mail message. The method further comprises, on a recipient computing device, prior to retrieving the e-mail message, using the message key as obtained from the notification message to retrieve, from the server system, e-mail message metadata associated with the e-mail message. The e-mail message metadata is displayed on the recipient computing device to assist the recipient in determining whether to retrieve the e-mail message from the server system.
Another feature of the system is a method of collaboratively filtering e-mail messages. The method comprises receiving, at a server system, an e-mail message addressed to a plurality of recipients; and sending notification messages to each of the recipients regarding the e-mail message. The notification messages include information for retrieving the e-mail message from the server system. The method further includes monitoring actions performed by at least some of the recipients in connection with the e-mail message, and based on such actions, generating dynamic metadata for the e-mail message. The dynamic metadata is communicated to a recipient that has not yet retrieved the e-mail message to assist said recipient in determining whether to retrieve the e-mail message. The dynamic metadata may, for example, indicate how other users rated the e-mail message, how many other users retrieved or rejected the e-mail message, how many users replied to or forwarded the e-mail message, etc.
Another feature of the system is a computer-implemented method of providing different versions of an e-mail message to different recipients. The method comprises detecting a send event of an e-mail message composed by a sender on a sender computing device, the e-mail message being addressed to at least a first recipient and a second recipient. The e-mail message includes a non-private message portion that is not private to any particular recipient, and includes a private message portion that is private to the first recipient. The method also comprises securely transferring the e-mail message to a server system, and storing the e-mail message on the server system such that both the non-private and private message portions are stored in association with a common message identifier. The method further comprises providing restricted access to the e-mail message as stored on the server system such that the first and the second recipients have access to the non-private message portion, and such that the first recipient but not the second recipient has access to the private message portion.
Another feature of the system is a computer-implemented method of providing different versions of an e-mail message to different recipients. The method comprises detecting that an e-mail message being composed by a user via an e-mail client program is addressed to at least a first recipient and a second recipient. In response to detecting that the email message is addressed to the first and second recipients, an e-mail message composition user interface of the e-mail client program is supplemented to include a first private message entry area for entering a private message to the first recipient, and a second private message entry area for entering a private message to the second recipient.
Another feature of the system is a method of facilitating viewing of e-mail messages. Reply messages are received from each of a plurality of recipients of an original e-mail message sent by a sender, and are stored on a server system in association with the original e-mail message. The sender is presented with a single e-mail inbox entry that represents the plurality of reply messages. In response to a request initiated by the sender in connection with the single e-mail inbox entry, the plurality of reply messages are retrieved from the server system, and are displayed to the sender as part of a single logical e-mail message.
Another feature of the system is a computer-implemented method for providing a threaded display. The method comprises assigning a unique identifier to an original e-mail message sent from a sender to a plurality of recipients; and storing the original e-mail message, and a plurality of reply messages to the original e-mail message, on a server system in association with the unique identifier of the original e-mail message. The plurality of reply messages include reply messages from at least two different recipients of the original e-mail message. The method further comprises using the unique identifier to automatically aggregate at least the original e-mail message and the plurality of reply messages into a threaded display.
Another feature of the system is a computer-implemented method of facilitating viewing of an e-mail conversation. The method comprises identifying a plurality of e-mail messages of an e-mail conversation. The plurality of e-mail messages include, at least, an originating e-mail message sent to a plurality of recipients, reply messages from at least two of the recipients, and at least one reply to one of the reply messages. The method further includes identifying a plurality of sub-conversations of the e-mail conversation, each sub-conversation including a different respective sequence of e-mail messages; and generating a separate, chronological display of each sub-conversation.
Another feature of the system is an e-mail client plug-in stored on a computer readable medium. The e-mail client plug-in is adapted to run in conjunction with an e-mail client program on a user computing device. The e-mail client plug-in is capable of intercepting e-mail messages sent from the e-mail client program, and causing the intercepted e-mail messages to be communicated to recipients via a secure e-mail service. The e-mail client plug-in is additionally capable of retrieving a plurality of e-mail messages of a common e-mail conversation from the secure e-mail service, and aggregating the plurality of e-mail messages into a threaded display.
The invention also comprises a secure e-mail system that comprises a server system configured to store e-mail messages in an encrypted form. The server system provides functionality for addressees of the e-mail messages to retrieve corresponding e-mail messages. The secure e-mail system also includes a cryptographic engine that encrypts the e-mail messages for storage on the server system, and decrypts the e-mail messages for delivery to the addressees. The secure e-mail system further includes an interface that provides functionality for an administrator to add an executable cryptographic method to the cryptographic engine, and to designate a particular executable cryptographic method to be used to encrypt/decrypt e-mail messages.
The invention also comprises a secure e-mail system that comprises a cryptographic engine that includes a plurality of different executable cryptographic methods, at least some of which provide different levels of encryption than others. The secure e-mail system also includes a plurality of e-mail services that run on the server system and use the cryptographic engine to encrypt and decrypt e-mail messages. Each of the secure e-mail services is configured to use a particular one of the executable cryptographic methods, and at least some of the services are configured to use different executable cryptographic methods than others, so that different services provide different levels of security than others. The secure e-mail system further includes an e-mail client component that provides functionality for a sender of an e-mail message to select from the plurality of e-mail services for sending the e-mail message to a recipient.
The invention also comprises a secure email system that comprises a server system that hosts a secure e-mail service. The secure e-mail service is configured to store e-mail messages from senders, and provides functionality for addressees of the e-mail messages to securely retrieve the e-mail messages. The secure email system also comprises a client component that communicates with the server system using a communications protocol that provides for encryption of messages. The client component provides functionality for users to send e-mail messages to recipients via the secure e-mail service, and to initiate retrieval of e-mail messages from the secure e-mail service. The client component and the secure e-mail service collectively provide functionality for a sender of an e-mail message to control whether a recipient of the e-mail message can forward the e-mail message to other users. The client component and secure email service may also provide functionality for the sender to, e.g., control whether the recipient can reply to the e-mail message.
Another inventive feature of the disclosed system is a computer-implemented method of controlling an e-mail conversation. The method comprises receiving a parent e-mail message from a sender, and storing the parent e-mail message on a server system. The parent e-mail message is addressed to at least a first recipient, who is provided access to the parent e-mail message from the server system. The method also includes receiving a child e-mail message generated by the first recipient by forwarding or replying to the parent e-mail message, the child e-mail message being addressed to at least a second recipient. The child e-mail message is stored on the server system in association with the parent e-mail message, and the second recipient is provided access to the child e-mail message from the server system. Subsequently, a request to terminate an e-mail conversation associated with the parent e-mail message is received at the server system from the sender of the parent e-mail message. In response to the request, at least one of the following actions is performed: (a) blocking the first recipient from forwarding and replying to the parent message, (b) blocking the second recipient from forwarding and replying to the child message.
The foregoing summary is not intended to be comprehensive of all of the inventions and inventive subject matter disclosed herein, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific embodiments and features of the e-mail system will now be described with reference to the following drawings, which are intended to illustrate, and not limit, the invention
An e-mail messaging system (hereinafter “eMail2”) that allows users to securely send and track electronic messages will now be described with reference to the drawings. The eMail2 system allows any organization to create its own Private E-mail Network (PEN) and decide who belongs to it. The eMail2™ system is very secure, fully auditable, and trackable. eMail2 interoperates with existing e-mail network infrastructures and protocols (“e-mail1”), but adds extra layers of security and features. eMail2 is not necessarily a replacement for traditional e-mail, it is a comprehensive upgrade that plugs existing security holes and adds valuable layers of new features, all without inhibiting or constraining existing e-mail1 processes.
Embodiments of the eMail2 system may include various features, including but not limited to the following: (1) secure transfer of e-mail messages, without the need for users to replace existing e-mail clients or to change e-mail addresses; (2) tracking of all actions performed in connection with an e-mail transmission; (3) the ability for a recipient to view information about an e-mail message, optionally including information about how other addressees have responded to it, before deciding whether to retrieve the e-mail message; (4) the aggregation of entire e-mail conversations into a single threaded view; (5) the ability to include both private and public messages in a single e-mail communication; (6) sender control over downstream actions performed in connection with an e-mail message; (7) flexible control over cryptographic methods used to encrypt emails messages for storage.
As will be recognized, many of the inventive features and aspects of the eMail2 system can be implemented without others, and can be implemented within very different types of e-mail systems than the system described herein. By describing these features and aspects as part of a common e-mail system, no implication is made that any of these features or aspects need to be implemented in combination. More generally, nothing in this detailed description section is intended to imply that any particular feature or characteristic of the disclosed system is an essential component or aspect of the invention. Further, nothing in the preceding background section is intended to imply that any particular problem must be addressed or solved by the invention. The invention is defined only by the appended claims.
eMail2 is a messaging system that interoperates with e-mail1 but uses alternative protocols (HTTPS and HTTP are just two examples) and allows users to securely send, track, and retrieve messages. When considered at a broad level, eMail2 has two major features:
One embodiment of the eMail2 system includes a plug-in component (hereinafter “eMail2 client plug-in”) that works in conjunction with existing local-computing e-mail clients such as Outlook and Eudora. The eMail2 client plug-in (
The eMail2 client plug-in 108 communicates over a network, such as the Internet, with a service referred to as the eMail2 service 110. The eMail2 service 110 may be implemented as a service system (one or more physical servers) that executes associated service code. The service can be implemented by a large scale eMail2 service provider, or alternatively, a single organization or company may run its own eMail2 service 110. Although the terms “server” and “service” are used somewhat interchangeably in this document, it should be understood that multiple eMail2 services can run on a single physical server or server system.
In one embodiment, when a new eMail2 message is created, an introductory message containing an encrypted message access key is sent to the eMail2 message recipient(s). This introductory message may be sent by the sender's eMail2 client plug-in 108 using the sender's e-mail1 network and infrastructure (e.g. SMTP server 103) or by the eMail2 service 110 directly, and may be sent using email1 or a secure protocol. The content and attachments of the eMail2 message may be encrypted and sent to an eMail2 service 110, preferably over a secure connection.
If the eMail2 client plug-in 108 is not installed on the recipient's computing device 100, the introductory message may appear in the recipient's inbox as a regular text e-mail message. This message may include a link to an Internet address for downloading and installing the eMail2 client plug-in 108, a link to access the eMail2 web client interface 127, or an attached executable or script that implements eMail2 client plug-in functionality. If the eMail2 client plug-in 108 is installed on the recipient's computing device 100, the plug-in will extract the message key from the introductory message and automatically retrieve an access message from the eMail2 service 110. The message access key contains information about the eMail2 service's location, the status of the eMail2 message, and a unique message ID. The message access key in the preferred embodiment does not contain or serve as a decryption key.
The access message acts in part as a notification to the recipient that there is an eMail2 message on the eMail2 service 110 waiting to be retrieved. The access message may also contain information about the eMail2 message body and attachments. For example, the access message may include information such as virus or spam scanning process results, the number of other recipients that have retrieved the message, and/or a summary of how other recipients have rated the message. The access message allows the recipient to view this type of information. With the access message, the recipient may also retrieve, reject or ignore the eMail2 message, retrieve the message body only excluding any attachments, or even simply retrieve a “text scan” of an HTML message to avoid exposing his or her e-mail client to malicious code often embedded in HTML messages. On retrieval, the access message may be replaced by the actual message.
Because the eMail2 client plug-in 108 is capable of handling the tasks of securely retrieving and decrypting the eMail2 message, there is preferably no need to attach or otherwise include executable code, executable software, encryption/decryption keys, user keys, or private user information with any of the messages (including the introductory message and the access message) transmitted to the recipient's computing device 100.
Sample features of the eMail2 system may include but are not limited to the following: (1) a seamless and conjunctive relationship with traditional e-mail, optionally embodied through the use of a plug-in to intercept and re-route messages; (2) the ability to circumvent restrictions and pitfalls associated with traditional e-mail by bypassing and supplementing the traditional transport methods; (3) a dramatic improvement in local and server-side security, optionally embodied through the use of an Interchangeable Cryptography Engine (ICE) (
Controlled, Centralized, and Secure Message Repository
Since all eMail2 messages are sent to an eMail2 service (
Increased End-to-End Transport Security
eMail2 message bodies and their attachments can be stored encrypted on a user's local computer. When eMail2 messages and attachments are sent to a service 110, they may be temporarily decrypted and sent over a secure protocol (such as HTTPS). A secure protocol is essentially a direct, private tunnel between the client and the server, and as such, is resistant to interception techniques or security compromises. Upon arrival at the server 110, the eMail2 messages and attachments are preferably immediately encrypted before storage, using the service's 110 encryption methods.
Stored data can be decrypted, but preferably cannot be re-encrypted with different information. Enforced through the admin interface, decryption attempts and reasons for such attempts are sent directly to the involved users. This is assuming that the decryption attempts were legitimate. If a message were to be decrypted and then re-encrypted by an un-authorized person with different information in the body, header, or attachments, this would immediately be detected by the eMail2 system, and identified as such to the user and service 110. This identification could optionally be performed by a checksum value comparison.
With this preferred system, data is completely secure between the point of origin and the destination, as well as secured during storage at both points. Additionally, due to the decoupled relationship between the service 110 and client 100 environments (namely, no secret encryption information is shared between the two sides), a security breach at one end will leave the other end remaining completely secure. Further, information generally cannot be tampered with between point A and point B, as it is stored and transferred securely at all times.
Though it is not necessarily required, it is possible for eMail2 to be implemented in tandem with other e-mail security solutions (such as PKI or PGP) to provide even further increased transport security.
Seamless Use of Encryption Keys
From the user's perspective, the process of encrypting and decrypting eMail2 messages is seamless. These security features are embedded in the eMail2 client plug-in 108 and the eMail2 service and require no extra effort on the part of the user. Each eMail2 message is preferably encrypted during storage, and preferably only transferred over a secure protocol (such as one from the popular TCP/IP suite of protocols). Since these messages are protected from creation to retrieval, it is difficult or impossible to change their content (message body and any attachments) during the transaction. It is also difficult or impossible for unauthorized users to retrieve or intercept messages and attachments. Self-executable viruses generally cannot infect an eMail2 service 110 and propagate themselves, resulting in an overall safer global network.
Interchangeable Crypto Engine
In addition to the seamless use of encryption keys, the eMail2 system preferably makes use of a unique Interchangeable Cryptography Engine (ICE) (
Co-Existence with Traditional E-Mail
No changes are necessarily required to a user's e-mail address or e-mail server/internet service provider to start retrieving eMail2 messages. As mentioned previously, the eMail2 client plug-in (
Users that wish to initiate a new eMail2 message may do so by subscribing to an eMail2 service 110. Such a service may be provided by anyone, including national or local ISPs (AOL, MSN), web-based e-mail providers (Yahoo Mail, Hotmail, Gmail) or security service providers (Verisign, Symantec). Users may subscribe to any number of eMail2 services 110 and choose the appropriate service 110 to serve each new message. Preferably, recipients do not need to subscribe to any eMail2 service 110 in order to retrieve or reply to eMail2 messages. Preferably, all replies to an eMail2 message are served by the eMail2 service 110 on which the original message was created, although linkages between eMail2 servers are contemplated and discussed below.
Each eMail2 service 110 may offer value-added features such as different security, encryption and storage options. Any organization can also set-up its own eMail2 service 110 internally and/or subscribe to external eMail2 services 110. Preferably, all eMail2 services 110 are able to interoperate with the same version of the eMail2 client plug-in 108 (i.e., the eMail2 client plug-in 108 is preferably universal to any eMail2 service 110).
In some embodiments, multiple eMail2 services 110 can be linked by the service administrators to allow for routing across disparate eMail2 services, or alternatively, only among trusted services. In such a case, the message may be ‘owned’ by the initiating service 110, but copies may be stored at other locations. This provides for sharing tracking results across multiple companies. For example, if Company A wants to communicate with Company B. but both want to be able to universally access tracking and service information, the administration may be able to set up both services so that in defined instances, tracking and service information can be shared. If more than one service is hosting copies of the message, this may be disclosed in the access message and tracking information, possibly in the “service” section of the respective items.
In other cases, where special arrangements have not been made between services, eMail2 messages for a specific service 110 are preferably only hosted by and acted upon by the service 110 with which they were initiated. Although multiple eMail2 services 110 and service providers are contemplated, the system may be implemented with only a single eMail2 service 110 and service provider.
Proactive Message Summary: The Access Message and Delivery Slip
Allowing recipients to manually retrieve messages after reviewing the access message substantially reduces the probability that their computers will become infected by an e-mail virus. The access message may contain information such as, but not limited to, the identity of the sender, the identity of the recipient(s), whether any local anti-spam and anti-virus scanning has been performed, a brief summary of message, metadata associated with attachments to the message, etc. (See
In one embodiment, the access message exists as an e-mail message in the recipient's inbox, and may replace the introductory message automatically when the eMail2 client plug-in 108 is installed. Users may also have the option to view a web-based version of the access message called the “delivery slip.” The delivery slip (
Customized Private Messages
Some embodiments of the eMail2 system allow users to combine public and private “sub-messages” into a single logical eMail2 message. For example, a sender may create a public sub-message that is viewable by all recipients, and additionally embed into the eMail2 message customized private sub-messages to a sub group of recipients and/or each individual recipient (See
Unique Message Threading
Each eMail2 message (and sub-message) is assigned a unique message ID and, if appropriate, a unique parent message ID. As a result, an original message and all of its replies can be tracked and assembled. For example, these IDs allow an e-mail client to combine all replies to the same eMail2 message into a single inbox entry.
P2P Event-Based and Transactional Data: Ratings and Surveys
Some embodiments of the eMail2 system may provide peer-to-peer event-based and transactional functions that link the sender and recipients of an eMail2 message. Because all eMail2 messages in a conversation are served by the same service 110, users can be linked directly to their actions, and reliable records of said actions can be kept. This allows for the possibility of features like rating and survey systems for e-mails, in which recipients can, prior to retrieving a given message, see if other recipients rated the message as valuable. User-to-action links may include interoperability with social networking systems.
One of the largest benefits of such an approach is the ability to seamlessly display metadata in real time via a secure browser window. Survey, rating and voting results (e.g., average rating) can be generated and updated in front of the user's eyes.
Additionally, the rating or survey functionality of a message is not necessarily limited to a sender-recipient relationship. Peer-to-Peer (p2p) ratings and surveys are possible, allowing recipients to view metadata generated by other recipients.
Real-Time E-Mail Tracking Accountability & Auditability
Because eMail2 messages are not sent via traditional e-mail1 protocols, it is possible with eMail2 to track the entire lifecycle of a message (send, retrieve, forward, reject, delete. etc.). As each recipient retrieves, forwards or rejects their intended message, the sender and/or recipients can monitor the status of these transactions. The eMail2 system may also include web services that can be customized into existing applications such as online e-commerce engines, supply chain management deployments, CRM applications, etc., enabling flawless transactions throughout the entire cycle.
Complete Message Control and Termination
In some embodiments, the originator of a message has a level of control over the future use of that message. The options to terminate a message, change policies or control permissions may be held by the sender throughout the entire lifecycle of a conversation. In some embodiments, upon creating a new message, the sender can decide whether or not recipients can reply to the message, forward it, or see the tracking metadata associated with it. Preferably, these options can still be exercised by the sender after the message has already been sent. As an example of message control, the sender may be able to enforce a policy for a message that will require that the initial recipients request the sender's permission before forwarding a message to a third party. This permission may include global permission (to allow all forwarding by the recipient) or per-3rd-party permission (where the sender may approve or deny forwarding to specific 3rd-parties).
The current generation of e-mail, built on an outdated architecture, does not provide for the same level of message control. Message control features, such as termination and requiring permission to forward messages, are a direct result of the new architectural system that is a part of eMail2 and are generally not possible within the bounds of an e-mail1 framework.
Termination, essentially freezing the conversation in time, can be especially useful in contract negotiations, legal disputes, e-commerce communication and the general prevention of the dissemination of sensitive information. Senders have the option of choosing between soft termination, wherein users are prevented from performing further action on an eMail2 message, such as forwarding or replying, or hard termination, wherein users are prevented from accessing the message again, as well as prevented from performing further action on the eMail2 message.
Registered Electronic Mail
The eMail2 system, when optionally composed of message retrieving, storing, threading and tracking processes, seamless use of encryption keys and digital signature auditing, allows for a true “registered electronic mail” application. For example, eMail2 allows for later retrieval of messages and activity logs over a secure web based interface (
eMail2 re-creates the business process of traditional registered snail mail, but electronically, or paperless. In one embodiment, all message contents and attachments are stored encrypted, certified and available for later retrieval, in their original condition, by any authorized user (such as a legal entities), proving that the transaction actually occurred without any possibility to have it tampered with over time.
As an example, financial institutions are struggling to comply with SEC rule 17a-4 which says they must record all electronic communication between employees and clients. Although the rule has been in effect since 1997, only recently have regulators come down on the industry by fining such firms as Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Salomon Smith Barney and Morgan Stanley, among others. Not wanting to join this dubious list, financial-services firms are now faced with the task of investing millions of dollars in e-mail archival and retrieval systems or face fines and, even more seriously, a damaged reputation.
eMail2 introduces a robust solution for archiving and retrieving all of the e-mail content and its associated tracking details, ensuring that the complete range of electronic communications of specific users and groups is fully archived and auditable. In one embodiment, eMail2 makes compliance transparent, ensures the security of archived e-mail, supports legal and litigation processes and addresses compliance requirements worldwide.
Private E-mail Networks
The structure of eMail2 allows for the creation of Private E-mail Networks (PENs). PENs are communication networks that function independently of traditional e-mail networks, but preferably do not preclude users from using their regular e-mail address, e-mail client, or communication methods. As the name implies, PENs are private, but the level of privacy is preferably directly tailored to the needs of an eMail2 client. With eMail2, it is possible for a large business (e.g. an American HMO) to run its own eMail2 service and only allow hospital employees and patients to communicate through it. Alternatively, a general purpose eMail2 service provider could offer secure communications to anyone willing to join or subscribe to its services.
Members of eMail2 PENs preferably can belong to more than one network and may decide on a per message basis which PEN service to use. Every subsequent activity (e.g. replying and forwarding) is preferably driven from the PEN service originally chosen by the sender. Even message recipients who are not members of a sender's PEN are able to retrieve messages from the sender's specified PEN. This increases security by reducing the number of times an eMail2 message is kept in storage, and therefore reducing the chance that data could be compromised.
So, for example, a single HMO could institute multiple PENs for multiple users and with different security policies: A high-security PEN with strong cryptography, virus scanning, message access controls, and tracking for emails relating to patient health records; a medium-security PEN with medium security, fewer message access controls, and tracking for intra-office business communication; and a low-security, low-tracking general purpose PEN for non-business communication.
The eMail2 system need not itself include any anti-spam software, anti-virus software, blacklist software, encryption key or a TCP/IP protocol, but may instead work in conjunction with pre-existing software for handling these tasks. Furthermore, eMail2 is not a different e-mail messaging system to replace MS Exchange, Outlook, etc, or another web based e-mail system like Gmail or Hotmail.
The components and subcomponents depicted in
While
a. Sender and Recipient's Local Computing Devices
E-mail Client [EC]
The e-mail client 101 is responsible for creating, exchanging, and viewing e-mail messages and may be a conventional e-mail1 client. Existing e-mail clients include MS Outlook, Eudora Mail, and Lotus Notes. As used herein, “e-mail client” refers to any program (e.g. PC-based, web-based, PDA-based, etc.) that allows for the creation and management of e-mail messages though existing e-mail protocols such as SMTP. Ordinarily, the e-mail client does not itself include any eMail2 functionality, but rather relies on the eMail2 client plug-in 108 to provide this functionality.
Anti-Virus/Spam Client [AVC]
Anti-virus/spam clients 102, which may include or consist of conventional, pre-existing anti-virus and spam filtering software, may be installed on the local computers or servers of the sender and/or recipients 100 (or on the eMail2 service server 110) and are used to scan e-mail messages and attachments for malicious code or spam from unwanted senders. In the preferred embodiment, these programs are not a part of the eMail2 system, but may be used in conjunction with eMail2. For example, the results of these scanning processes 102 may be displayed in the access message and delivery slip (
eMail2 Client Plug-in [e2CP]
The eMail2 client plug-in 108 is the client component used to exchange eMail2 messages. The eMail2 plug-in is preferably universal (one version per e-mail client such as Outlook for Windows, Mail for Apple) and is optionally installed on both the sender and recipients' local computing devices (
Different versions of the eMail2 client plug-in 108 can be developed by third party programmers for each e-mail client 101 using eMail2's API objects. Alternatively, the functionality of the eMail2 client plug-in 108 may be integrated directly into existing e-mail clients, or may be integrated into the operating system of the users' computers.
eMail2 Client Plug-In Global Unique Identifier [e2CPGUID]
The eMail2 client plug-in global unique identifier is a unique identification key that is tied to each specific installation of the eMail2 client plug-in 108. The e2CPGUID is used in conjunction with the eMail2 User Key [e2UK] and e-mail1 Address [e1A] in validation and authentication with the eMail2 service server 110.
Cryptographic Engine
Cryptographic engines (
eMail2 Interchangeable Cryptography Engine [ICE]
The eMail2 ICE (
eMail2 Communication Plug-in [e2COM]
The eMail2 communications plug-in (
As encryption methods improve, existing encryption methods are broken, or if the business needs of a specific eMail2 service (
eMail2 Communication Plug-in UUID [e2CPUUID]
The eMail2 communication plug-in UUID is a unique identifier that is tied to an eMail2 communication plug-in 124. The eMail2 plug-in (
b. eMail2 Service
eMail2 Message [e2M]
An eMail2 message is an electronic message, including plain text, html, and/or attachments, that is sent through an eMail2 service 110. The eMail2 message may also include public and private message content and attachments. All of the actions that can be performed with respect to an eMail2 message (creating, forwarding, replying, reading, tracking, and so forth) are facilitated by the eMail2 client plug-in 108 (or the eMail2 web client interface 127) and/or the eMail2 service 110. In some embodiments, the eMail2 web client interface 127 can actually take the place of the eMail2 client plug-in 108, allowing users to perform all usual eMail2 message actions (creating messages, retrieving messages, replying, forwarding, etc.) across a preferably secure connection at a eMail2 service web interface (e.g. a website).
eMail2 Public Message [e2M Public]
With the eMail2 public/private message system, senders can create 'sub-messages' within a single logical e-mail message. These sub-messages can be either public or private. A public eMail2 message can be viewed and replied to by all recipients, and is generally contained within the “All” tab of the tabbed e-mail window interface.
eMail2 Private Message [e2M Private]
With the eMail2 public/private message system, senders can create ‘sub-messages’ within a single logical e-mail message. These sub-messages can be either public or private. A private eMail2 message can be viewed and replied to only by the recipients that it is specifically addressed to. In an e-mail conversation, the private messages are only retrieved by the intended recipients. Private messages are generally displayed within tabs labeled for specific recipients in the tabbed e-mail window interface that may include one or more recipient per tab (See
eMail2 Message ID [e2MID] and eMail2 Parent Message ID [e2PMID]
Message IDs and Parent Message IDs are embedded in eMail2 messages when they are created. A Message ID is the unique identifier for an eMail2 message, and enables several of the extended features that eMail2 offers. Every eMail2 message has a Message ID, and messages that are replies or forwards (derivative messages) contain Parent Message IDs that identify them as members of a specific eMail2 conversation (or thread).
If Message B is a reply to Message A, then Message B will contain both a Message ID that uniquely identifies it as a message, as well as a Parent Message ID that links it to Message A.
eMail2 Service/Server [e2S]
The functions of the eMail2 service (which is comprised of one of more servers) (
The eMail2 service 110 is preferably a combination of hardware and software running on one or more servers. From a client computer's perspective, it is a single, autonomous entity that provides eMail2 services, even if the actual eMail2 service 110 is distributed between multiple computers or servers. The eMail2 service 110 preferably runs on the Windows or UNIX operating systems, although it may run on any operating system platform. The eMail2 service data layer 120 preferably runs on a relational database management system such as Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle, although it may run on any type of data repository. The eMail2 service can be hosted by any ISP or internally by any organization. It may authenticate each user, store eMail2 messages in an encrypted manner, and send and retrieve each eMail2 message. The eMail2 service 110 may also log activity related to an eMail2 message and create and update eMail2 access messages and delivery slips accordingly.
eMail2 Service Global Unique ID [e2SGUID]
The eMail2 Service Global Unique Identifier preferably uniquely identifies a specific eMail2 service 110. It may be stored on both the eMail2 service 110, and on the local computer 100 of any eMail2 users that have activated with the specific service 110.
eMail2 User Key [e2UK]
The eMail2 user key is generated from a user's e-mail1 address and a specific eMail2 service 110 as identified by an e2SGUID. User keys are service-specific and are created during passive registration. In one embodiment, the user key is embedded into the local PC registry of the user's computer 100. In other embodiments, the user key may be stored in other locations, such as networked or removable storage. The user key serves to uniquely identify a user when accessing a particular eMail2 service 110. It is created and delivered to the user by the eMail2 service 110 and, in the preferred embodiment, is always transferred in a secure manner between the different hardware components.
eMail2 Activation Code [e2AC]
The eMail2 activation code may be generated when a user registers with an eMail2 service 110. In one embodiment, a user registers by navigating to an eMail2 service's web client interface 127 and providing his or her e-mail address to the eMail2 service. An activation code is preferably comprised of: an eMail2 user key, an eMail2 CPGUID and an e-mail 1 address. The registered e-mail address becomes “bound” to the eMail2 service 110. Upon providing this e-mail address, the eMail2 service 110 preferably sends an eMail2 activation code (which may or may not be encrypted) via e-mail1 to the user's e-mail client 101 where it is intercepted by the eMail2 client plug-in 108 to complete the activation.
eMail2 Message Access Key [e2MAK]
The eMail2 message access key uniquely identifies an eMail2 message and contains information about where the message is stored. It is preferably used by an eMail2 service 110 and client plug-in 108 to track all of the actions that occur for the message.
The message access key preferably contains non-secret information which describes the eMail2 message, the eMail2 service 110 from which it is to be retrieved and the unique message ID that identifies it on the service 110. The message access key might not contain any sensitive information but is preferably obscured by a public algorithm. This algorithm is preferably included natively within all versions of the eMail2 client plug-in 108, thereby allowing all eMail2 client plug-ins to decipher the eMail2 message access key. However, without the other key personal information (such as the eMail2 user key and possibly even the eMail2 CPGUID, for example) it is impossible or difficult to retrieve the message. See
The eMail2 message access key may contain (but is not limited to) the following four elements:
Note that the message access key is preferably not used as an encryption or decryption key for encrypting/decrypting eMail2 messages. The encryption/decryption of each message is preferably the responsibility of a cryptographic engine 115 (such as the ICE [
eMail2 Message Initialization [e2MI]
An eMail2 message initialization occurs when an eMail2 client plug-in 108 has supplied valid credentials for message creation with a service 110. The message initialization is an empty database entry in the eMail2 service's data layer 120, containing:
A specific message initialization is identified by a Message ID. New message initializations are performed for every new message, including replies, forwards and each private or public message. Old or unused message initializations are preferably never reused for new messages.
In some embodiments, the message initialization takes place as soon as the e-mail composition window is opened (i.e. once the user chooses to create a message with eMail2). In other embodiments, the message initialization can take place upon the send command, or during any other event than can be recognized by the eMail2 client plug-in 108.
eMail2 Introductory Message [e2IM]
The eMail2 introductory message is used to initiate a new eMail2 message with one or more recipients. In one embodiment, the introductory message is a text-only message. It may be sent via e-mail1 or some other communications protocol. In one embodiment, it contains a generic “welcome” statement and a unique eMail2 message key. The introductory message preferably includes a hyperlink to, or URL of, an Internet site for downloading the eMail2 client plug-in 108. The introductory message may additionally or alternatively include a link to the web client interface 127, if this feature is enabled by the eMail2 service 110. If the recipient's computing device already has the eMail2 plug-in 108 installed thereon, the recipient ordinarily will not see the introductory message, but will instead see the eMail2 access message (see description below). See
eMail2 Access Message [e2AM]
The eMail2 access message is generated by an eMail2 service 110 once the introductory message is retrieved by the eMail2 client plug-in 108 of a recipient. The access message may be automatically retrieved by the eMail2 client plug-in 108, and may dynamically replace the introductory message in the user's inbox. Alternatively, a user may send a “retrieve access message” command, using the eMail2 toolbar, to achieve the same result (See
While the introductory message may be sent over SMTP protocols, the access message is preferably retrieved over HTTP or HTTPS (or any other TCP/IP channel). This allows increased transport security for the access message. See
eMail2 Delivery Slip [e2DS]
The eMail2 delivery slip (
eMail2 Web Client Interface [e2WCI]
In embodiments that include a web client interface 127, the web client interface 127 is a web-based companion for the eMail2 client plug-in 108. The web client interface 127 includes the eMail2 delivery slip (
The eMail2 web client interface (
The delivery slip (
eMail2 Service Provider [e2SP]
The eMail2 service provider or host is similar to an ISP (Internet Service Provider) but provides eMail2 services and product downloads. eMail2 service providers can host Private E-mail Networks (PENs), (essentially, private eMail2 services 110), enabling e-mail communication outside of the traditional e-mail networks and without using the traditional e-mail protocols. An eMail2 service provider is preferably administrated by an eMail2 Super Administrator.
Since companies can preferably host their own eMail2 services 110 (or PENs), it is possible for a company to be an eMail2 service provider while maintaining a company-specific eMail2 service 110. A service provider is host to one or more services 110 which users may join and use.
eMail2 Certirication Authority [e2CA]
The eMail2 Certification Authority (
Additionally, the certification authority 112 may be implemented to authenticate eMail2 services 110. Legitimate eMail2 services are validated by the eMail2 certification authority 112 by means of publicly viewable, electronically signed certificates. When an eMail2 client plug-in 108 attempts to connect to a service 110, it may first check the certificate provided by the service 110. If the certificate is invalid or does not exist, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 will inform the user that the service 110 is not registered or validated with the eMail2 certification authority 112. The user then has the choice to either ignore this warning and continue, or to block this service 110 from communicating with his or her eMail2 client plug-in 108.
In the preferred embodiment, the certification authority's 112 validation and certification procedure is a manual process, but in other embodiments, it may be automated.
c. Traditional E-mail1 Servers
E-Mail Address [e1A ]
An e-mail address refers to a specific e-mail account to which a user can send and receive messages. For example, bgates@microsoft.com is an e-mail address.
e-mail1 Server [e1S]
An e-mail1 server (
e-mail1 Message [e1M]
An e-mail1 message is an e-mail message sent using traditional e-mail1 protocols such as SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
d. Network Protocols
SMTP, POP3, and IMAP Protocols
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol used for sending e-mail. POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is the most recent version of a standard protocol for receiving e-mail. POP3 is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held by the recipient's Internet server. Periodically, the recipient (or the recipient's client e-mail receiver) checks a mailbox on the server and downloads any mail, typically using POP3. This standard protocol is built into most popular e-mail products, such as Eudora and Outlook Express. It is also built into the Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer browsers. For more information on POP3, refer to RFC 1725, RFC 1734 and RFC 1939. IMAP is another protocol that provides the user more capabilities over POP3 for retaining e-mail on the server and for organizing it in folders on the server. IMAP can be thought of as a remote file server. IMAP4 can be used to access multiple mailboxes and mailbox folders, as well as public folders. For more information on IMAP4, see RFC 2060 and RFC 2061.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SSL [HTTPS]
HTTPS is a secure TCP/IP protocol. HTTPS streams are encrypted using both asymmetric and symmetric algorithms. Although HTTP and HTTPS is used for illustration purposes in this document, other communication protocols can be used in conjunction with eMail2 methods.
In the eMail2 system, there are users and administrators. eMail2 administrators can be further divided into super administrators and service administrators (
Users belong to an eMail2 service (
Super Administrator
Super administrators are the most powerful administrative users in the eMail2 system. Super administrators control eMail2 service providers, which host multiple eMail2 services 110. A super administrator can perform all administrative functions for the service provider as a whole as well as all administrative functions for each eMail2 service 110. For a given service provider, the super administrator can preferably access, search, view, and/or track eMail2 message transactions made by one or more specific eMail2 users on any of the services 110 being hosted by the service provider.
However, even though the super administrator has sufficient privileges to perform administrative actions for the services 110 that the service provider hosts, this is generally not the domain of a super administrator. Preferably, specific service 110 management falls to the service administrators (
Service Administrator
Service administrators 128 are a step lower than super administrators in the power hierarchy of the eMail2 system. Service administrators 128 are responsible for one or more eMail2 services (
User
Users are the basic members of the eMail2 system. Users preferably do not have administrative privileges for any level of the system. eMail2 users of an eMail2 service 110 are uniquely identified by a eMail2 user key. User keys are the identifying aspect of eMail2 user accounts on a service.
Service Conferred Status
Users may have a specific status associated with their eMail2 user account. Certain statuses are set by the eMail2 service 110 that the specific user account resides on. Service conferred user statuses include but are not limited to:
User Conferred Status
In addition to service conferred user statuses, users may also be flagged with statuses by other users. Preferably, the user conferred user statuses are not stored in the flagged user account. Rather, user conferred statuses are stored locally by the conferring user. These statuses include but are not limited to:
Preferably, users can confer similar statuses on specific eMail2 services 110. For instance, a service 110 that a user has flagged as ‘blocked’ will not able to contact that member, unless it is explicitly un-blocked.
Global User Conferred Statuses
Because statuses are preferably stored in user accounts, and are therefore specific to eMail2 services 110, if User A blocks User B at Service 1, User A has not blocked User B at Service 2. To provide for cases where, for example, User A wants to block (or trust) User B on all services, User A preferably has the option to block (or trust) User B's e-mail1 address. Thereafter, whenever User A's eMail2 client plug-in 108 encounters User B's e-mail1 address, the associated user account on the service 110 will be blocked (or trusted).
This section describes, at a high level, a preferred process flow for sending an eMail2 message with reference to the embodiment of
For purposes of illustration, the various process flows are described in this document in the context of a system in which an eMail2 client plug-in 108 is installed on the user computing devices. In embodiments in which no such eMail2 client plug-in is used, the steps described as being performed by a plug-in may alternatively be performed by the e-mail client 101, the operating system, an e-mail1-attached executable or script, or the web client interface.
A sender first creates an eMail2 message using his or her e-mail client 101 in conjunction with the eMail2 client plug-in 108. The eMail2 client plug-in is responsible for eMail2 functionality such as authentication to the eMail2 service 110 and encryption and decryption of each locally stored eMail2 message (with the aid of the optional eMail2 ICE (
The eMail2 client plug-in 108 sends an authentication request, via HTTPS, to the eMail2 service 110. The service 110 authenticates the sender by determining whether his or her credentials are valid for sending messages with a specific service 110. Credentials may include, but are not limited to, a registered e-mail1 address, an eMail2 user key and an eMail2 client plug-in global unique ID. Once authenticated, the service 110 creates an empty entry associated with a Message ID in the service's data layer 120 and sends the aforementioned Message ID back to the sender's client plug-in 108. This process is called “Message Initialization.” The sender's client plug-in then sends the eMail2 message, including metadata and attachments if any, across the secure HTTPS connection, using the Message ID to store the eMail2 message body, attachments, and message decryption key (optional) in the service's data layer 120. Preferably, the eMail2 Message Initialization in the eMail2 service's data layer 120 is only valid for the current eMail2 message submission and is different for each eMail2 message and each eMail2 user authentication.
Although the eMail2 system can, in some embodiments, be implemented such that a single decryption key is communicated from the sender's computer 100 to the recipient's computer 100, the eMail2 system is preferably implemented without any such transmission. Instead, the eMail2 system relies on decoupled local and server encryption, with safe transmission of data across secured protocols.
The eMail2 client plug-in 108 receives the content for an introductory message from eMail2 service 110, and then sends the introductory message through e-mail1 to the recipient, via the sender's SMTP server 103. As a result of using the sender's SMTP server, the recipient will receive the message from the sender's normal e-mail address and not an address assigned by the eMail2 service. If the recipient has a safe-list or a black-list of any sort, it should not affect the receipt of the introductory message, provided the recipient can normally receive e-mail1 messages from the sender. Alternatively, the eMail2 service 110 can send the introductory message on behalf of the sender from the eMail2 service's own SMTP server. If the introductory message is sent through e-mail1, it may go through an existing local scanning client 102 such as those used by conventional anti-spam and anti-virus software. The results of these scans may be added to the eMail2 access message and delivery slip (
The eMail2 service 110, which may be hosted by a third-party eMail2 service provider, stores the eMail2 message content in an encrypted state in the data layer 120. In the preferred embodiment, access to the eMail2 messages stored on a particular service 110 is managed by that service, and eMail2 services 110 work independently from one another. In addition, all of the replying, forwarding, transaction tracking, and event tracking (e.g. ratings, virus scan results, etc.) for a given eMail2 message is handled by the eMail2 service 110 that originally serviced the eMail2 message. The logical eMail2 message sent to and stored on service 110 may be separated into multiple sub-messages, each with its own message ID and parent message ID. In the preferred embodiment, an eMail2 message that contains a public message to “All” and multiple private messages to individual recipients is divided such that each private message is a separate sub-message (with its own message ID). Only the designated recipients are able to retrieve their private messages through their unique access message.
The eMail2 service 110 can perform additional virus and spam scanning processes on the eMail2 message using scanning module 102. While this scanning process preferably occurs after the access message is produced and delivered to the recipients, the eMail2 message can still be blocked and deleted before the recipients have a chance to retrieve it. In addition, if a virus is detected by module 102, service 110 may update all of the recipients via an updated access message. If new information becomes available, service 110 may automatically update the access message and display a warning message alerting the recipient of new and critical information. In addition to a custom access message, recipients have the option to view a dynamic ‘delivery slip’ before retrieving the message. This delivery slip (
Scanning module 102 may decrypt each message during the scanning process. Preferably, the messages are not re-encrypted once the scanning is completed.
Service 110 may also use blacklist programs so that introductory messages from specific senders may be blocked.
The recipient's e-mail client 101 receives the introductory message from the sender. This message may be scanned by anti-virus/spam clients 102 on the recipient's local computing device 100. If the recipient does not have an eMail2 client plug-in 108 installed, the introductory message may display a welcome message inviting the recipient to install the eMail2 plug-in (see
If the recipient does have the eMail2 client plug-in 108 installed, the client plug-in 108 automatically retrieves the access message from service 110 onto the recipient's computing device 100 using the eMail2 message access key in the introductory message. In one embodiment, the recipient opens the access message in order to retrieve or reject the eMail2 message. In another embodiment, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 may automatically prompt the user to retrieve the eMail2 message when an access message is received. In yet another embodiment, plug-in 108 may automatically retrieve the eMail2 message from eMail2 service 110 when an access message is received or when an access message meeting certain criteria is received.
If the recipient is given the option of manually retrieving the eMail2 message, the recipient may retrieve the body of the eMail2 message and its attachment(s), the body of the message only, or simply delete the access message and ignore the message and its attachments altogether. eMail2 messages and attachments are stored encrypted on the service 110, so upon retrieval, the specified items are decrypted and sent to the user over a secure (encrypted) channel.
In the preferred embodiment, recipients can reply to eMail2 messages without having to subscribe to any eMail2 services 110. This process is described further infra. Preferably, all replies are processed by the same eMail2 service 110 that processed the original message.
Third party applications 113 can access eMail2 services through the use of an eMail2 web services API instead of using the e-mail2 client plug-in 108. Such web services may be customizable to different applications in order to provide eMail2 compliant services.
It should be recognized that the message initialization described in Event B may occur at a different point in the process flow. For instance, the system may implemented with message initialization occurring on a send command, or during any other event that can be recognized by the eMail2 client plug-in.
The eMail2 Client Plug-in
The eMail2 client plug-in 108 represents the client layer of the eMail2 architecture. In one embodiment, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 resides on the user's local computing device 100, as depicted in
The eMail2 client plug-in 108 controls all of the data exchanges between the user's computing device 100 and the eMail2 service 110. These data exchanges are preferably performed through the HTTPS protocol. The eMail2 client plug-in 108 also interacts with the user's e-mail client 101 and user storage 118.
A cryptographic engine 115 preferably exists in the eMail2 client plug-in 108. The cryptographic engine 115 is used for the encryption and decryption of messages that are stored locally. In one embodiment, the cryptographic engine 115 is the Interchangeable Cryptographic Engine (ICE), a proprietary encryption engine.
However, the eMail2 system may be implemented so that the ICE only exists on the server side, and a separate cryptographic engine is designed or implemented for the client plug-in 108/local environment.
The eMail2 Service
The eMail2 service 110 represents the server layer of the eMail2 architecture and preferably comprises two modules: the service node 116 and the server admin node 117.
The service node 116 may handle service processes such as user activation/deactivation, incoming and outgoing eMail2 message management (including encryption and decryption), and transaction tracking. This node also processes the sending and updating of access messages and message metadata tracking (including message ratings, virus status results, etc.). Preferably, the service node 116 communicates with the eMail2 client plug-in 108 through HTTPS.
The server admin node 117 may be used to configure, maintain and monitor operations performed by the eMail2 service 110. These administrative functions may be made available through secured, direct server access, or through the use of eMail2 application programming interfaces.
The server admin node 117 may also be responsible for user account configuration. For example, this node may provide users with various options or services such as eMail2 plug-in downloads, user account management (including changing configuration options for message threading, storing and archiving, etc.), and server summary reporting. These features can be made available via a web based interface 130 to users, or through a web services API to third party applications.
The hardware configuration of an eMail2 service 110 supports multiple physical servers. In one embodiment, HTTP or HTTPS communication to the eMail2 service 110 uses an “access violation” detection method. Thus, eMail2 service 110 commands in this embodiment may only be issued through an eMail2 plug-in 108. In addition, data such as transaction tracking and message ratings may be displayed in a browser on the client side but may only be retrieved by an eMail2 client plug-in 108. In other embodiments, commands may be issued through a secure web client interface 127.
The eMail2 Data Layer 120
A third layer of the eMail2 architecture is the data layer 120. The data layer 120 stores eMail2 data such as the following: Message ID, eMail2 user key, eMail2 client plug-in global unique ID, message options, message status, date of initialization. The eMail2 data layer 120 is flexible, and can store more or less information depending on what is required of it. Although the data layer 120 is depicted in
“Activation” refers only to the creation of a relationship between a specific client plug-in (identified by the CPGUID), an eMail2 service 110 (identified by the service GUID or SGUID) and an e-mail1 address. This relationship is created automatically when an eMail2 client plug-in 108 encounters a new service 110. A user may have multiple activations from multiple locations under one e-mail address, (e.g., a user may be activated with one service 110 from both home and the office). An activation is essentially a registration that is specific to a given computer.
“Registration” refers to the process of supplying user information to the eMail2 service 110. While a user can have multiple activations for a single service 110 and e-mail1 address, a user can only have one registration per eMail2 service 110 and e-mail1 address. For the purposes of an eMail2 service 110, there are two types of registration, ‘active’ and ‘passive.’
“Passive registration” is called such because it requires no action on the part of a user. When a user receives a new activation from Service A, an eMail2 user account is created on the service for that user. This eMail2 user account is identified by the user's e-mail1 address and the eMail2 service 110 he or she is using. Passive registration allows a user to retrieve messages from that service and respond to them, but the user is unable to create new messages or access extra features that the service 110 may provide. From a user perspective, passive registration is completely transparent. From the perspective of an eMail2 service 110, however, it is important so that the service can interact with the user while retaining reliable auditability and trackability.
“Active registration” is essentially the completion of passive registration. During active registration, users enter personal information about themselves, possibly including, but not limited to, name, address, phone number, e-mail1 address, billing information, etc. Preferably, the user information fields are entirely configurable on a per-service basis. Depending on the security policies set up by specific services 110, active registration could be required to create new eMail2 messages, as well as access any extended features the service may offer. However, this is completely configurable on a per-service basis. Certain services 110 may require active registration before recipients are even able to retrieve messages, or at the other end of the spectrum, they may allow full use of the service 110 with only passive registration.
In the following workflow, it will be assumed that a service 110 requires active registration before allowing the creation of new messages, but users are able to retrieve messages with only passive registration.
Registering/Activating an eMail2 Account (
Event A: When a user first downloads and installs the eMail2 client plug-in 108, he or she has no activations or registrations.
Event B: If the user has an introductory message in his or her inbox, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 automatically contacts the specific eMail2 service 110 and attempts to retrieve the access message. At this point, “service discovery” occurs. Service discovery occurs as follows: (i) The eMail2 plug-in 108 recognizes an eMail2 introductory message in the inbox. (ii) Using the message access key in the eMail2 introductory message, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 determines whether or not it has previously interacted with the service 110 that sent the message. (iii) If the plug-in 108 has not communicated with the service 110 before, the user may be given the option to allow or block communication with the specific service 110. If the user allows communication, he or she is able to decide whether or not to trust the service 110 as well. If the user chooses to block the communication, nothing further happens. Otherwise, the user may become passively registered with the service 110, as well as activated for a specific installation of the eMail2 client plug-in 108. (iv) In one embodiment, the client plug-in 108 contacts a certification authority to determine whether or not the service 110 is certified. This information can be displayed to the user when he or she is deciding whether to block/allow/trust the service 110. (v) If the plug-in 108 has communicated with the service 110 before, it may remember the user's choice from the first time the service 110 was discovered.
Event C: If a user does not have an existing introductory message in his or her inbox, he or she may visit the website of the eMail2 service 110 and actively register, which causes a welcome message to be sent to the user over eMail2. Because the welcome message is an eMail2 message, the new user receives an introductory message via the user's e-mail1 server 103. The user may register and activate for the given service 110 using this introductory message.
Event D: Passive registration and activation occur: Passive registration is an automatic process that is transparent to the user. When a user contacts a service 110 for any reason, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 sends the eMail2 service 110 the user's e-mail1 address. The eMail2 service (identified by the service GUID) and the e-mail1 address form what is called an eMail2 user key, which identifies an eMail2 user using a given eMail2 service 110. This passive registration is not enough to validate a user's identity, and as such, most services 110 will not allow passively registered users to use the system fully.
Activation occurs when an eMail2 service 110 receives an eMail2 user key and eMail2 client plug-in global unique identifier (CPGUID). The activation is specific to a single installation of the eMail2 client plug-in 108 (as identified by the CPGUID). If this is the first contact a user has had with an eMail2 service 110, the CPGUID may be assigned by the service 110, the service provider or the certification authority 112. Alternatively, the CPGUID may be generated at the time of the eMail2 client plug-in 108 installation. The activation, comprised of an eMail2 user key and eMail2 client plug-in GUID, is sent back to the eMail2 client plug-in 108 and stored on the user's local computer.
Event E: When an eMail2 user account is created on an eMail2 service 110 through either passive or active registration, the eMail2 user key is sent back to the eMail2 client plug-in 108. In one embodiment, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 stores the eMail2 user key locally, either in the user's computer registry, or elsewhere on the client's computer. The user's e-mail1 address, the eMail2 service GUID and the CPGUID may also be stored with the eMail2 user key. Alternatively, this information could be stored securely on specific eMail2 services 110.
Event F: Preferably, full registration is required before the user can either create new messages or take advantage of the extended features associated with the eMail2 service 110 he or she is using. Full registration involves the following steps: (1) The user visits a secured portion of the eMail2 service's website, specific to the service 110 that the user wishes to register with. (2) The user is then prompted to enter identifying information. In preferred embodiments, this includes the e-mail1 address that the user wishes to officially associate with the eMail2 service 110, but it can also include any other information the eMail2 service 110 wishes to collect, (e.g. Billing information). (3) For the registered electronic mail feature, the service 110 may also prompt the user to enter a password (for later retrieval of messages or tracking results from the service's website).
Event G: In some embodiments, the user can request that the eMail2 service 110 and his or her eMail2 user key be registered with the eMail2 certification authority 112 for future reference. Alternatively, the service/user key registration may occur with a different entity, created specifically for such a purpose.
A user may subscribe to multiple eMail2 services 110 using the same e-mail address. Each subscription may have its own settings and security options. Conversely, the same eMail2 service can be bound to multiple e-mail addresses of a single user. Thus, a many-to-many relationship may exist between e-mail addresses and registered eMail2 services 110, all using a single eMail2 client plug-in 108. For each subscription to an eMail2 service 110, a new eMail2 unique user key is generated (through the activation process) and registered by the user's eMail2 client plug-in 108.
In one embodiment, if the user changes computer devices, the new installation of the eMail2 client plug-in must be activated again. This activation can be performed by re-opening, on the new computing device, the initial introductory message (containing the activation code) received via e-mail1 or requesting a new activation code by registering again on the eMail2 service provider's website. Registering more than once with the same eMail2 service 110 (using the same e-mail address) preferably does not create multiple eMail2 user accounts. Therefore, all previous messages are still available under the same account.
Deactivation
A user is preferably able to “deactivate” a specific installation of the eMail2 client plug-in 108. In one embodiment, “deactivation” is performed through a secure section of the eMail2 service 110's website. If a plug-in is “deactivated” it can no longer perform any eMail2 operations with respect to the affected e-mail address/eMail2 service 110 combination. Thus, if the user's computer is stolen, the user can change the password of his or her e-mail account and deactivate the eMail2 plug-in installed on that computer (for each service).
Sample Steps to Deactivate Through an eMail2 Service Provider
1. User visits the eMail2 service 110's web site and enters the e-mail address that should be deactivated. As described previously, an activation is comprised of a CPGUID and a user key (the user key being comprised of an e-mail1 address and an SGUID). Therefore, by providing a valid e-mail1 address to a valid service, the user is essentially providing his or her service-specific user key.
2. Upon submitting the request, an e-mail1 message may be sent back to the user with a link to his or her account statement. The account statement may have the following fields:
3. From the account statement webpage, the user is given the option to deactivate any of the CPGUIDs that are associated with the eMail2 account. Because a CPGUID is tied to a specific installation of an e-mail client (
4. If deactivated, the user cannot retrieve eMail2 messages with the eMail2 client plug-in 108 for this specific account.
5. If the user chooses to reactivate a CPGUID, the process is similar to the new registration process. A new user key is generated using the e-mail1 address and eMail2 service GUID.
6. Optionally, any or all of these steps may be protected with the implementation of a password system.
From the user's perspective, creating an eMail2 message is preferably similar to creating a traditional e-mail message with the user's e-mail client 101. However, as discussed later, eMail2 messages expose additional features to the user such as message ratings, tracking, etc. Users can also create private messages (with attachments) to specific recipients within an eMail2 message (described further infra).
Beyond the user level, however, the process for creating and sending an eMail2 message is very different than that of an e-mail1.
Sending an eMail2 Message (
Event A: In one embodiment, the sender first selects an e-mail address and a corresponding eMail2 service 110 from the list of services 110 he or she has previously registered with. Alternatively, if the user only has one e-mail address, he or she may only select an eMail2 service 110. This selection may be performed through the e-mail client user interface (see
The sender then selects an option to create a new e-mail message. If the new e-mail message is a regular e-Mail1 message, it is composed and sent in the usual manner, with no interaction from the eMail2 client plug-in 108. If the new e-mail message is an eMail2 message, the rest of this workflow executes.
Event B: The eMail2 client plug-in 108 sends a request to the eMail2 service 110, asking for permission to compose and send a new eMail2 message using the specified eMail2 service 110. The request may include, but is not limited to, the following: (1) The eMail2 client plug-in global unique ID (e2CPGUID), (2) The eMail2 user key (e2UK).
Event C: Once the eMail2 service 110 receives and analyzes this information, it determines whether or not the user is authorized to compose and send messages using the specified eMail2 service 110. In the preferred embodiment, this is done by checking that:
The e-mail1 address is at least passively registered (for some services, the e-mail1 address may have to be actively registered) and the plug-in is activated with the service 110. The eMail2 user key is valid for the e-mail1 address being supplied. The eMail2 CPGUID is valid for the e-mail1 address. If the user is not authorized, the workflow ends and he or she is unable to send an eMail2 message. Otherwise, the workflow will continue as indicated below.
Event D: The eMail2 service 110 creates an empty entry in the eMail2 service's 110 data layer 120. This process is called the “message initialization” and potentially holds the following information:eMail2 user key (e2UK); eMail2 client plug-in global unique ID (e2CPGUID); Parent Message ID (for tracking replies); Forward ID (for tracking forwards); Message Options; Status (at this point, ‘initialized’); Date and time of the message initialization. This database entry is identified by a Message ID.
Event E: The Message ID is sent from the eMail2 service 110 back to the eMail2 client plug-in 108.
Event F: Events B through E preferably occur in the background and are invisible to the user. At this point, the user simply continues to compose the new e-mail message, as per normal creation of an e-mail. In some embodiments, when two or more recipients are specified, the eMail2 plug-in 108 is able to dynamically supplement the e-mail composition user interface with a respective tab for each of the recipients (see
Addition of a recipient-specific tab 154 to the sender's user interface preferably can be accomplished by clicking a button on the eMail2 editing toolbar (See
Each such tab 154 is selectable to access a respective message entry area for composing a private message to the respective recipient. An “All” tab 153 is also provided to enter a “public” message that is accessible to all of the recipients.
If the sender wishes to compose a private message to two of the recipients, the sender can drag-and-drop one tab onto another tab to create a new tab and private message area. This feature is illustrated at the bottom of
Preferably, the user can add participants to a public conversation or private message whenever they are creating, replying to or forwarding an eMail2 message. Preferably, the ability to remove users from private messages after a message has been sent is configured on a per-service basis. In some embodiments, removing users could be discouraged to promote message tracking and auditability. Creating new private conversations in a reply is possible in the preferred embodiment.
Event G: When the user selects the “send” command, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 intercepts the outgoing e-mail message. The message content is extracted from the e-mail1 message, and sent to the eMail2 service 110 across a secure TCP/IP connection. The message is considered an ‘eMail2 message’ at this point. The user's identifying information (eMail2 user key, e-mail1 address, eMail2 CPGUID) and the Message ID previously returned by the service 108 are preferably also sent along with the message. The eMail2 service 110 verifies that the Message ID is valid for the User Key, CPGUID and e-mail1 address supplied, and then stores the message contents (including attachments) in an encrypted state in the data layer 120, identifying the message by its Message ID.
Event H: Once the eMail2 service 110 has received and stored the message and its attachments, it prepares an appropriate “Introductory Message” and sends the contents to the eMail2 client plug-in 108 of the sender.
Event I: The eMail2 client plug-in 108 sends the introductory message in place of the original message to each of the intended recipients. The introductory message preferably explains to the recipient that a new eMail2 message is awaiting his or her retrieval on a secure eMail2 service 110. The introductory message preferably contains a message access key that allows only the intended recipient to retrieve the actual eMail2 message. If the recipient user does not have the eMail2 client plug-in installed, the introductory message may provide details on how to download it.
In some embodiments, if the original e-mail message contains any attachments, a separate file is created when the introductory message is being composed, describing the attachment metadata (virus scan status, size, etc.). This file can be of any type (e.g. a text file, a Word doc, an image, etc.) and is attached to the introductory message when it is sent to the recipient. Because of the attached file, the recipient's e-mail client will correctly display that the message has an attachment in the e-mail client 101 interface. There may be only one attachment placeholder, containing information for all of the attached files, or there may be a separate placeholder for each attachment.
Sending the eMail2 introductory message to all intended recipients may be done via traditional e-mail1 methods (i.e. using the sender's e-mail1 server 103). The introductory message also may replace the original message in the sender's outgoing messages folder.
In some embodiments and scenarios, the eMail2 service 110 is able to send the introductory message on behalf of the user's infrastructure, through its own SMTP server. This can happen when a user's SMTP server is unavailable. This method can also be used if a user chooses to abandon traditional e-mail (SMTP/POP3/IMAP) altogether.
It should be recognized that the message initialization described in Event D may occur at a different point in the process flow. For instance, the system may be implemented with message initialization occurring on a send command, or during any other event that can be recognized by the eMail2 client plug-in.
Retrieving an eMail2 Message
If the recipient does not have the eMail2 client plug-in 108 installed, the introductory message remains in the recipient's inbox and can be viewed/read by the recipient. In one embodiment, the introductory message invites the recipient to download the eMail2 plug-in 108 from the service 110's website (see
Event A: After the recipient has installed the eMail2 client plug-in 108, the plug-in automatically intercepts the introductory message and sends the recipient's e-mail address and the embedded unique message key to the eMail2 service 110 for authentication. In most embodiments, the recipients are not required to be actively registered with any eMail2 service 110 in order to retrieve eMail2 messages. If the user chooses to allow communication with a service 110 when the “service discovery” dialog is displayed, passive registration and activation occur automatically (described elsewhere).
Event B: If the authentication is successful, the eMail2 service 110 creates an access message for the recipient and transmits this access message via HTTPS to the recipient's eMail2 plug-in 108. The plug-in automatically replaces the introductory message with the access message in the user's inbox. The access message may contain information about the eMail2 message such as a text-only summary, scanning process results, recipient names, etc. (See
In one embodiment, a separate access message is generated for each public and private part of an eMail2 message. Alternatively, a single access message may be generated for both the public and private parts of an eMail2 message.
Event C: The access message informs the recipient that they have a new incoming eMail2 message waiting to be retrieved (see example access message in
With the access message, the eMail2 user is able to access the eMail2 service 110's web client interface 127, where a web based delivery slip (
The recipient may configure the eMail2 plug-in 108 so that eMail2 messages are automatically retrieved when an access message is received. Alternatively, the eMail2 plug-in 108 may automatically retrieve those messages that it determines to be “safe” (for example, a text-only message from a trusted sender). Recipients may also use a “Retrieve All” command to retrieve all of the messages (public and private) within an eMail2 message with a single action.
If the eMail2 message is encrypted, the recipient's eMail2 plug-in 108 may also retrieve the message decryption key from its local storage, or in some embodiments, from the eMail2 service 110. The recipient's eMail2 client plug-in 108 automatically decrypts the message using this decryption key.
Event D: Since eMail2 message attachments are stored on the eMail2 service 110 and retrieved over HTTP by the recipients on demand, attachments need not have any size restrictions (as frequently encountered with traditional e-mail1 (SMTP/POP3) protocols). The eMail2 plug-in 108 can also work in conjunction with download manager clients to save large attachments directly on the computer storage (disk) instead of storing it in the mailbox file.
Once a recipient has retrieved a message, the same workflow features described above apply. For example, the recipient may view virus scanning results, view the number of other users that have retrieved the message, rate the message, etc. As recipients perform any of these actions, they are tracked by the eMail2 service 110. In the preferred embodiment, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 monitors these operations and sends status updates to the eMail2 service 110 via HTTPS.
Attachment Retrieval
Because the attachments are preferably retrieved over HTTP or HTTPS, and because the system may operate in conjunction with a download manager, attachments can be downloaded from multiple streams at once, greatly improving download speeds. This process is similar to the way that existing download accelerators and managers speed up transfer speeds.
If the attachments are being downloaded from the web client interface 127, conventional download managers may be configured to work with the eMail2 system. If the attachments are being downloaded from the e-mail client 101, with the aid of the eMail2 client plug-in 108, a proprietary download manager may be integrated directly into the eMail2 client plug-in 108.
Bundled Reader (Attached Executable Code)
In some embodiments of the system, a user may not need to access the web client interface 127, download a client plug-in 108, or have the plug-in 108 installed in order to retrieve the message. Message reading functionality can be offered by means of a bundled reader, a reading applet or script attached to the introductory message. The attached applet or script can be initialized and used to display retrieved message data from the service 110, independent of plug-ins 108 or web client interfaces 127.
Because messages are stored encrypted on the service 110, and because the message access key in the introductory message only gives the location of a rightfully owned e-mail message, service-wide security will not be compromised.
The attached applet or script can be written in Java, or any other programming or scripting language available.
Server-Side Storage
eMail2 messages (which include the header, subject, message body and attachments) are preferably stored in the eMail2 data layer (
The eMail2 Interchangeable Cryptographic Engine (ICE) (
An eMail2 message is preferably decrypted only if: (1) a recipient retrieves the message; (2) the eMail2 service 110 performs security scanning checks on the message content; or (3) an authorized third-party needs to retrieve the message.
Client-Side Storage
The eMail2 plug-in 108 may store each eMail2 message, reply, and forward as separate entities encrypted in a special folder. This folder may reside on the user's local computer storage (
In other embodiments, more or different information can be stored with the eMail2 message.
Options regarding sent items in the sender's inbox are configurable by the service 110. In the preferred embodiment, with respect to “sent” messages, only the introductory message (containing the message key) is stored on the POP3 e-mail1 server. Sent messages can appear as regular messages in the sender's mail storage. When the sender re-opens a sent message, the eMail2 plug-in 108 automatically fetches the actual message content and metadata from the eMail2 service 110 and/or from the local client storage (
The ICE (
e2COM Validation and Distribution
In some embodiments, services, service providers, users or administrators may design and implement their own cryptographic methods (each as an e2COM 124). To register the new e2COM 124 for use with eMail2, the cryptographic method is preferably validated by an authority. In one embodiment, this authority is the same as the eMail2 certification authority (
Once the new cryptographic method has been validated and signed, it can be submitted to the ICE (
Event A: A third party (
Event B: Submission may be initiated by uploading the e2COM 124 using a web based upload interface on a secure website associated with the eMail2 certification authority 112. The submission process may also be initiated by an FTP transfer, submission of a live link to the e2COM 124, submission via an eMail2 attachment, or any other method commonly associated with transferring files across a network.
Event C: Once the eMail2 certification authority 112 has received a submitted e2COM 124, it verifies that the e2COM is safe, virus free and generally ensures that the e2COM 124 is what it has been reported to be. This can be part of an automated process, or part of a manual review. After this, the eMail2 certification authority 112 digitally signs the specific version of the e2COM 124 and returns it to the third party 143. The digital signature is only valid for the unmodified, returned version of the e2COM 124. Modifications will cause the signature to become detectably invalid through known cryptographic techniques.
Return of the e2COM 124 can take place via eMail2 attachments, FTP transfer, or any other method commonly associated with transferring files across a network.
Event D: Third parties 143 may release signed e2COMs 124 on their websites, as packaged products, or bundled with certain deployments of eMail2. When an e2COM 124 is signed, it can be submitted to a local version (local to a service 110 or to a client plug-in 108) of the eMail2 ICE 123. The ICE 123 checks the signature against the certification authority 112, and if it is valid, adds the e2COM 124 to its encryption library.
Subsequent to Event D, calls made to the eMail2 ICE API (
If a sender or service, perhaps utilizing complete message control, makes requirements upon the encryption methods to be used by a sender or recipient to send, retrieve, store, reply to or forward a message, and these requirements include using a particular e2COM 124 that may not be present or registered with the ICE 123 on a sender or recipient's computer 100, notification of these requirements may be transmitted to the user's eMail2 client plug-in 108 or web client interface via an introductory message or any other method of communication. The user's eMail2 client plug-in 108 or web client interface may then optionally ask the user for permission to install the e2COM and download and install the proper e2COM 124 by contacting the relevant eMail2 service 110, the certification authority 112, or any other provider of e2COMs 124.
In this way, the body of encryption methods, expressed as e2COMs 124, available to ICE 123 users is dynamically expandable: Users and eMail2 services 110 may create their own encryption methods, while the ICE and eMail2 systems, working in conjunction, take care of making these encryption methods available to other users and enforcing the security requirements of the service or sender.
Optionally, the functionality of sender and recipients ICEs, including acceptable or unacceptable e2COMs, may be controlled by the eMail2 service 110. Within the constraints set by the service, eMail2 senders may, using total message control as described below, control the functionality of the service and recipients' ICEs insofar as it pertains to the sender's message or conversation. Within the limits set by the service and sender, recipients may control the functionality of their ICE. This allows for, for example, an organization to define the minimal and maximal levels of security for all eMail2 messages originating from or traversing their organization.
Thus, a single organization may create multiple Private E-mail Networks (PENs) by creating multiple eMail2 services, each with different security settings. A user may thereafter choose the level of security of a message they wish to send by selecting the appropriate service.
For instance, a law firm may set up one secure email service for communicating with clients, and another for communicating with service providers. Each such service may be configured to use a particular e2COM/encryption method, such that one service provides stronger encryption than the other. Other configuration options may be separately specified for each service as well.
ICE Message Encryption and Decryption Workflow
The general workflow for the preferred embodiment of ICE 123 is described below. The reference numerals refer to those numerals in
Event A: The eMail2 client plug-in 108 (or eMail2 service 110) sends data to the ICE 123 to be encrypted, with instructions for encryption using a specific encryption method.
Event B: Inside the ICE 123, the list of available methods is stored in a database 126, and if the desired method exists, the ICE application programming interface 125 makes a call to the appropriate eMail2 communication plug-in 124.
Event C: Using the appropriate eMail2 communication plug-in 124, the ICE 123 encrypts the specified data with the specified method.
Event D: The encrypted data is returned to the eMail2 client plug-in 108 (or the eMail2 service 110).
An important feature of the ICE 123 is that it is not itself an encryption solution for e-mail message storage. The ICE 123 uses a plug-in format in order to allow users or administrators the flexibility to implement customized security solutions created by third parties in tandem with the eMail2 system.
In some embodiments, the eMail2 ICE may be modified, repackaged and resold by individual security providers, using their proprietary security solutions as the default eMail2 communication plug-in 124.
Seed
Preferably, embodiments include support for a custom cryptographic “seed” to begin the encryption algorithm through the ICE 123 interface, further increasing the security levels possible with the ICE 123. A seed is a numerical value that begins the mathematical encryption algorithm executed by a computer. Even slightly different seeds can produce wildly different encryption results, and without the seed, decryption is virtually impossible. A human-defined seed, not chosen according to any logical rules, further strengthens encryption systems. For an unauthorized person to gain access to the encrypted data, he or she would not only have to break the encryption, he or she would also have to know the specific seed that began the encryption algorithm.
eMail2 messages are preferably stored in the data layer (
Preferably, the body of the message is stored as an encrypted XML file. Included in this encrypted file is the message header information, containing header elements such as recipients “To,” “CC,” “BCC,” “From,” “Subject,” etc., and their corresponding values. The message header information is also stored in individual “open” (unencrypted) fields (shown above).
When the encrypted XML file from the “Data” field is extracted and decrypted through the eMail2 administration system, notification is sent to the user that someone has accessed that specific message.
Typically, it is not necessary for administrative staff to access and decrypt messages, but in extenuating circumstances, it may be unavoidable. This system is designed so that users are aware of these third party decryption's as they happen.
Verifying Header Validity
If it becomes necessary to validate the header content at any point, this can be done by comparing the header data stored in the encrypted XML file to the “open” fields in the messages table.
Because the “open” header fields in the messages table are generated from the same data as the header information in the encrypted XML file, they should be the same. If they are not, that is an indication that someone has tampered with the header information stored in the database.
Because there is a copy of the header information stored in encrypted form in the “Data” field, it is impossible for anyone to alter the header data stored in the “open” fields without detection.
Encrypted Data Integrity
In some embodiments, data is transferred from the user to the service across a secure SSL “pipeline” (using the HTTPS protocol). Preferably, as soon as the data reaches the service (
The only way to access this encrypted data is to enter the database directly, extract the encrypted database entry and decrypt the XML file. This can be protected against by implementing standard database protection methods. These include, but are not limited to:
E-mail1 Checksum Comparison
As an additional security option, services 110 may provide e-mail1 checksum comparisons. Before the message is sent to an eMail2 service 110, a message hash may be generated and stored locally by the sender's eMail2 client plug-in 108. When an e-mail1 checksum comparison is necessary or requested, another message hash is generated at the service side and sent to all recipients of the eMail2 message as an e-mail1 message. The sender's eMail2 client plug-in 108 can send the locally-stored message hash to the eMail2 message recipients via an e-mail1 message. The eMail2 message recipients can compare the checksum sent by the service to the one sent via e-mail1, and may compute their own message hash based on data received from the service 110, to verify the integrity of the eMail2 message.
Security Configurations
The eMail2 system described can be implemented with several different levels of security. These will be described now. For the purpose of this discussion, eMail2 data can exist at three different locations within the scope of the system: The client local environment (namely, the user's computer (
Encryption can occur to various degrees at these three locations. The system can be implemented using encryption at any combination of these locations, including all of them and none of them.
A matrix describing these security combinations can be found below, referred to as Security Scenarios A through H:
In scenarios such as G and H, when data is stored encrypted at both endpoints (local (
Furthermore, in scenarios such as G and H, it can further be specified that one encryption method may be implemented over top of another encrypted method, effectively creating “double encryption.” For example, in Scenario H, data could be encrypted at a client side 100, transferred over a secure SSL communications channel 136, and then encrypted again at the service side 110.
An implementation of any of these combinations of encryption can work collaboratively with existing e-mail security solutions (such as PKI or PGP). Implementation of one of the security scenarios A through H at one time does not preclude eMail2 from being implemented with a different security scenario at a different time. Additionally, eMail2 may be implemented with the option for services and users to individually configure the security settings on a per-service, per-user basis.
Supplemental Methods of Message Encryption
In some embodiments, in addition to all other security measures available for the protection of eMail2 messages, users may implement a supplemental password or passphrase on a per-message basis to further protect message content.
If a user chooses to do so, he or she can add a password to the message that is about to be sent. Encryption of the message based upon this password takes place on the sender's machine (
Preferably, the password is not communicated with the eMail2 message and never enters the eMail2 system until entered by the recipient. In preferred embodiments, it is up to the sender to communicate the password to the recipient in an alternative manner (for example, in a phone conversation or in a face-to-face meeting).
If this security measure is enabled, the message preferably cannot be decrypted by anyone, including the service 110 or service administrators, without the sender's password.
Message Threading
One feature of some embodiments of eMail2 is the ability to organize eMail2 messages as threads and to provide a threaded display to the user. Messages are identified by their unique message ID. When a derivative message (such as a reply or forward) is created from an original eMail2 message, the derivative message preferably stores the original's message ID as its parent message ID (see
eMail2 can use preorder, in-order, postorder, or level-order algorithms to traverse the “m-way” search tree depicted in
Message aggregation occurs with the help of unique Message IDs and Parent Message IDs. When the user loads an e-mail client with the eMail2 client plug-in 108 installed, the plug-in recognizes all related eMail2 messages (originals, replies, forwards, public/private messages) and displays them in the e-mail client interface as a single inbox entry. The client plug-in can only perform this action if the related messages contain the embedded Message IDs and Parent Message IDs that the eMail2 client plug-in enables.
“Related messages” are still treated by the client plug-in 108 (and by the e-mail client 101) as independent messages, but because of the Message ID system and the eMail2 client plug-in, it is possible for the e-mail client to display them in a single logical e-mail window and inbox entry. The actual multiplicity of the single inbox entry is rendered invisible to the user through a transparent aggregation process.
If, at some point, the user uninstalls the eMail2 client plug-in 108, message threading functionality is lost. However, during the uninstall process, the user is prompted to convert all retrieved eMail2 messages into regular e-mail1 messages. If the user agrees to this, all of the thread items in a single eMail2 conversation will be displayed as independent, separate items in the user's e-mail client inbox, as in traditional displays of e-mail messages, replies and forwards.
Implementation
The conversation threading feature can be implemented in the eMail2 system in various ways. In one embodiment, there are two methods for the conversation threading: chronological or logical.
The chronological threading method aggregates all messages in a thread into a single inbox entry. The ordering and organization of these messages rely on date and time for readability.
The logical threading method aggregates all messages in a thread into a single inbox entry based on a logical conversation. The logical threading method may create multiple inbox entries if a single inbox entry is not logically readable.
Conversation Example (
Provided in
Threading Method 1: Chronological Threading (
Interface window 200 is a standard e-mail reading interface. It is supplemented by tabs 202, 203 and 204. The reading interface is for Message 1, composed by Person X. This is the originating message in the conversation. In this example, Person X is reviewing the conversation, which has now grown to encompass all of the message transactions explained in
The entire conversation (described in
Left clicking any of the tabs 202, 203 or 204 switches the message body window 201 to that particular thread. The messages are displayed one after another, with the newest message at the top, together with respective date/time stamps. For tab 202 (“All”), all messages in the conversation are displayed in chronological order (the order in which they were sent or received). For tab 203 (“Y”), only messages sent by Person Y are displayed in chronological order. For tab 204 (“Z”), only messages sent by Person Z are displayed in chronological order.
Right clicking any of the tabs 202, 203 or 204 displays the bookmark manager (elements 205, 206 or 207). The bookmark manager can be used to jump directly to a particular item in a conversation. For example, right clicking the “All” tab 202 and then selecting the entry for Message 4 in bookmark manager 205 would switch the view in message body 201 to the “All” thread and jump directly to Message 4.
Although all of the post-origination e-mail messages in this example are the result of a “reply” transaction, e-mail messages resulting from “forward” transactions may also be included in the threads, such as where the originator (Person X) is copied on the forwarded e-mail message.
Threading Method 2: Logical Threading (
The sub-conversations are identified programmatically by, e.g., effectively traversing the tree structure shown in
As with the threaded display method of
Threaded Reading Window
In all drawings, the reading interface window 200 can be viewed as analogous to
The task of generating the threaded displays as shown in
It should be recognized that these are simply two embodiments of the threaded display feature. The message threading functionality of eMail2 can be implemented in alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. As one example, in the case of logical threading, a separate tab may be provided for viewing each sub-conversation. Further, it will be recognized that the threaded display features of the invention can be practiced with other e-mail systems, including those that do not provide any form of encryption or security.
Public/Private Messaging
eMail2 supports public and private messaging within the context of a single e-mail window. For every recipient entered into the “TO:” (
If a user drags one tab onto another, a new tab is created for a specific “group.” For example, if a user drags the tab for Recipient A onto the tab for Recipient B, a new tab is created for “Recipient A and B.” See
From a user's perspective, preferably it appears that portions of a single e-mail are visible only to specific recipients. From the design perspective, the text entered under private tabs is treated as separate e-mail messages. The eMail2 client plug-in 108 aggregates these separate messages and displays them in the tabbed interface 154, for both the sender and the recipient. The recipient is only able to retrieve the message portions that he or she has permissions to (e.g. User A retrieves messages for “All” and “User A,” but is unable to retrieve messages for User B). The retrieval of separate messages, permissions, and tabbed display is transparent to the user. It appears to the user that he or she is simply retrieving one message with multiple tabs.
In some embodiments, both sender and recipients are able to use the “Bookmark Manager” to quickly jump to specific parts of the conversation. The Bookmark Manager is a feature of the system that allows for easy viewing of the messages in a conversation. Selecting name in one of the tabs displays the Bookmark Manager. With the Bookmark Manager, finding specific replies is simply a case of selecting the corresponding entry from the list in the dropdown menu (which displays the sender, date and time) and then having the client UI jump immediately to that location in the e-mail conversation, which has been conveniently aggregated. See
The creation and sending process for sending private and public messages is the same as that for normal messages, except that separate messages may be entered in separate tabs.
The process flows for forwarding and replying are preferably similar to the flows previously described for new message sending and retrieval.
Forwards
In the preferred embodiment, when an eMail2 message is forwarded, only the introductory message is sent to the new recipient. This introductory message preferably contains the same message key as the original message. As in the normal eMail2 retrieval process, this introductory message then gets converted to an access message by the recipient's eMail2 client plug-in (
The access message presented to the new recipients preferably shows both the sender and recipients of the original message and the sender and recipients of the forwarded message.
Replies
In the preferred embodiment, when a reply is sent to an eMail2 service, only the reply (new content) is transferred to the service. The original message does not need to be transferred because it already exists on the eMail2 service, and because the reply message contains the original message's Message ID as its Parent Message ID. When the sender of the original e-mail views a reply message, the sender's client plug-in 108 retrieves the original message from the eMail2 service, or alternatively, retrieves this message from its local storage. In either case, the eMail2 client plug-in aggregates the original message, the reply message, and any other related messages (e.g., other replies) for display in the active e-mail window of the e-mail client, such that all of these messages are displayed as part of the same logical e-mail message. (See
In some embodiments, when a user drafts a reply within his or her e-mail client, the original message content can be locked, hidden, or made un-editable. If the original message content is editable and the sender makes changes to the original message, it is considered to be part of the reply and is transmitted as “new content.”
When replies are retrieved and displayed in a user's e-mail client 101, each tab (for each private and public sub-message) displays the sender's name in bold text and the number of replies from that sender (illustrated in
Once a reply is read, the recipient can delete the message thread or place it in an e-mail folder. In some embodiments, if the message thread is deleted and additional replies are received later, the message thread becomes “active” again and reappears in the user's inbox. If the message was placed in a specific e-mail folder, the message remains in that folder but becomes active again (for example, highlighted as an “unread” message).
Blocking Forwards and Replies
In some embodiments of the system, forwarding and replying may be blocked by disabling the copy/paste functionality of the e-mail reading window. When a user attempts to copy text from a message that is protected under a “do not forward” or “do not reply” policy, the user will be unable to select the text, and a warning message may be displayed.
Blocking the user from selecting text may, for example, be achieved by implementing a custom form (window) to replace the e-mail client's 100 native reading window entirely.
Blocking the user from selecting text may also be achieved by displaying the message in a format that doesn't allow for text selection, e.g. PDF, GIF, or JPEG.
Forcing eMail2 on Reply/Forward
In the preferred embodiment, forwards of and replies to an eMail2 are automatically sent as eMail2 messages. Preferably, there is a service-level option regarding whether or not this policy is enforced.
If enforced, users are not able to reply to an eMail2 message with an e-mail1 message, nor are they able to forward an eMail2 message as an e-mail1 message. This can be achieved by, for example, having the ‘eMail2’ checkbox in the editing toolbar selected and disabled (
If this policy is not enforced by the service, un-checking the ‘eMail2’ checkbox 902 will alert the user that he or she is about to reply/forward using e-mail1, and, therefore, all security and feature upgrades for the conversation will be lost. If the user confirms, the message will become an e-mail1 message and sent using email1 protocols and processes.
Some embodiments of the eMail2 system allow for complete message control. Because eMail2 messages are preferably stored only on the eMail2 service (
An example of message control is the optional termination feature of the eMail2 system. Since an eMail2 message is sent to an eMail2 service (
Another example of complete message control, namely control of forwarding permissions, is described below. Of course, listing all complete message control options contemplated is not possible or practicable. In general, complete message control includes any functionality for placing conditions or restrictions on the receipt or redistribution of e-mail messages, at a time prior, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to sending. These include message termination, message forwarding controls, including the option for required recipients on forwards, message voting, virus scanning, or metadata requirements, limits on the number of recipients, time delays before the message may be retrieved, time—or recipient-based message expirations, limitations on local storage, requirements on the level of security at the recipient client machine 100, including recipient authentication for retrieval or redistribution, and so forth.
In some embodiments, if a user forwards a message, he or she can terminate the thread which begins with his or her forward, leaving the rest of the conversation active. Further, preferably, any message control functionality available to an original message is also available to a forward or reply message and a public or private sub-messages. Such functionality is possible due to the tree-like structure of Message and Parent IDs of public and private messages, forwards, and replies.
Message Termination Workflow
1. Sender opens the “sent” message in his or her e-mail client, which links to the eMail2 message stored on the eMail2 service 110.
2. Sender selects the “Termination” command.
3. The eMail2 client plug-in 108 sends a termination request to the eMail2 service 110 with the following information: (a) eMail2 message key; (b) Sender's e-mail address.
4. The eMail2 service 110 receives this request and (a) validates the message key and the e-mail address; and (b) changes a field in the data layer 120 to indicate that the eMail2 message has been hard—or soft-terminated. If the conversation has been terminated, the eMail2 system traverses the tree structure of an e-mail thread, collecting the message IDs of all child messages associated with the terminated conversation. This is possible because of the relational parent message IDs that are a part of every eMail2 message belonging to a conversation.
5. The sender's eMail2 plug-in 108 receives a confirmation of the eMail2 message's terminated state. This message may also indicate whether any recipients have already retrieved the message, and may identify these recipients.
6. Once terminated, further operations are limited (replying, forwarding, etc. are disallowed) for this message. If the message has been soft terminated, recipients may still retrieve the message. If the message is hard terminated, recipients may not retrieve the message. Preferably, recipient attempts at forbidden actions cause a warning message to be displayed or sent to the sender or administrators.
Message Forwarding Control
As another example of message control short of termination, the process for controlling forwarding permissions will be described. In some embodiments of the eMail2 system, senders are able to enforce a policy which will require all recipients to request permission before forwarding a message to a recipient not originally included in the distribution list. When a sender has set this policy, a recipient may attempt to forward a message in the usual manner, but will instead be met with a dialog informing him or her of the policy. He or she can then choose to “request permission” from the sender.
“Permission” can be obtained in several ways, including sending an eMail2 notification to the sender, from the service or sender, informing him or her that there are permission requests pending. The sender may then access the web client interface 127 and accept or reject the permission request. The requesting recipient may then be informed of the decision via an eMail2 message.
The actual process of forwarding may take place in at least two ways: The user may be prevented from forwarding the message at all until the permission has been granted, or, the user may be allowed to forward the message, but the recipient cannot retrieve it until permission has been granted. Either method produces the same overall effect.
Optionally, a whitelist/blacklist system could be integrated. The sender could set up a whitelist and/or a blacklist before sending the original message. When a recipient attempts to forward the message, before notifying the sender of the permission request, the eMail2 system checks the request against the whitelist and blacklist. If the forward address is on the whitelist, permission is automatically granted. If the forward address is on the blacklist, permission is automatically denied.
As described above, total message control preferably includes the ability to control the functionality of senders, ‘recipients,’ and services' ICEs (
The eMail2 delivery slip is displayed in a possible embodiment in
The eMail2 delivery slip (
In
Element 801 “Mailbox” displays all of the messages that a specific user has on the specified services. The messages are displayed as message entries containing at least the following metadata fields per message: date, subject, from, status. Selecting a message with the mouse refreshes the information below the mailbox to pertain to the selected message.
Element 802 “Message Details” displays various metadata pertaining to a specific message. The message details can include (but are not limited to): the date that the message was sent, the subject line of the message, the message ID assigned by the service, the status of the message, the format that the message is in, the number of characters in the message, and details about attachments. If the sender has recorded an eMail2 Voice or Video message, it is displayed in the message details.
Element 803 “Message Tracking” displays metadata pertaining to the tracking of a specific message. The following metadata fields may be displayed:
If any of these fields contain a value greater than 0, the e-mail addresses associated with the data can optionally be displayed (e.g. “1/3 Messages retrieved: joe@e2service.com”). These tracking fields are meant to be illustrative.
Element 804 “Options and Policies” exists in three forms, depending on the context. If the delivery slip is being viewed after the message has been sent, the options and policies element displays the settings that have been chosen by the sender. If the delivery slip is being viewed in its pre-send state (before the message has been sent by the sender), the sender is allowed to modify all of the options and policies. If the delivery slip is being viewed by the sender after a message has been sent, options and policies may be changed. For example, if the sender accesses a delivery slip for a message that he or she sent last week with a “no-reply” stipulation, he or she may change that policy and allow replies from that point on. Options and policies may include (but are not limited to): whether or not the message can be forwarded, whether or not the message allows replies, whether or not the message has an expiry time (and what the time is) and whether or not ratings and surveys are enabled for the message.
Element 805 “Virus Probability” displays various types of virus metadata, including scans that occur on the sender's local machine, the server's local environment, through an external virus scan API, etc. The delivery slip can optionally aggregate the scan results and display them as a probability value (i.e. the probability that a message contains a virus, or an attachment is infected). Alternatively, the exact results of all scans can be displayed.
Elements 800-805 are intended to be illustrative, not definitive. Sections on the delivery slip are highly customizable, and the sections themselves, as well as the information that they contain, can be defined on a per service (or even a per-user) basis. An eMail2 delivery slip can display more or less information than is illustrated in
In one embodiment, the eMail2 system functions on the client side through the aid of three custom toolbars added to a user's e-mail client. The toolbars described below are specifically implemented through MS Outlook, but may be implemented through different e-mail clients. Sample eMail2 toolbar schematics are provided in
Main Toolbar (
This toolbar is visible from the main window of the e-mail client. Each of the buttons and menu options fulfill specific functions:
1. Pressing the logo button 900 opens a browser window pointed to the product website.
2. Dropdown menu 901 allows access to menu items, including the following:
3. Icon 916 “Help” opens a browser window pointed to the help section of the product website.
Reading Toolbar (
This toolbar is visible whenever a user is reading an eMail2 message.
1. Pressing the logo button 900 opens a browser window pointed to the product website.
2. Dropdown menu 901 allows access to menu items.
3. Dropdown menu 906 allows access to specific commands that are executed within the context of reading an e-mail message. These include the following:
4. Icon 907 “Security” denotes that this message was sent using a secure eMail2 service.
5. Icon 908 “Certification Level” denotes whether a service is certified, uncertified or trusted. The icon is a standard green/yellow/red light traffic light. A green light means that the user has explicitly chosen to trust the service. A yellow light means that the service has been certified by the eMail2 certification authority. A red light means that the service has not been certified by the eMail2 certification authority, nor is it explicitly trusted by the user.
6. Icon 909 “Sender” denotes whether the message's sender is trusted, not trusted or unknown. A checkmark denotes explicitly trusted senders, an ‘x’ denotes not trusted senders, and a question mark (?) denotes unknown senders.
7. Extension area 910 is for metadata extensions, e.g. ratings and surveys. This section is dependant on the service that the message uses.
8. Icon 916 “Help” opens a browser window pointed to the help section of the product website.
9. Icon 922 “Tracking” opens a browser window pointed to the Delivery Slip for the specific message. Optionally, other icons may be included (e.g. “Message Details”) that open a browser window pointed towards different aspects of the Delivery Slip.
Editing Toolbar (
The editing toolbar is visible whenever a user is composing a new eMail2 message.
1. Pressing the logo button 900 opens a browser window pointed to the product website.
2. Checkbox 902 allows the user to spontaneously decide whether or not the message is an eMail2 message. Checking the box enables eMail2 functionality. Un-checking the box disables eMail2 functionality.
3. Dropdown menu 901 allows access to menu items.
4. Dropdown menu 906 allows access to a list of services that the user can choose to send this eMail2 message with. The current service is displayed on the eMail2 editing toolbar.
5. Icon 907 “Security” denotes that this message will be sent using a secure eMail2 service.
6. Icon 908 “Certification Level” denotes whether a service is certified, uncertified or trusted. The icon is a standard green/yellow/red light traffic light. A green light means that the user has explicitly chosen to trust the service. A yellow light means that the service has been certified by the eMail2 certification authority. A red light means that the service has not been certified by the eMail2 certification authority, nor is it explicitly trusted by the user.
7. Button 915 “Policies and Options” allows a sender to set certain options and policies for the message that he or she is composing. This includes whether or not people can directly reply, whether tracking is enabled, and limitless other message options and policies.
8. Icon 916 “Help” opens a browser window pointed to the help section of the product website.
The menu items and icons listed above, for all toolbars, are meant to be illustrative but not definitive. It should be recognized that options, icons and menus may be added and removed from the eMail2 toolbars without leaving the scope of the invention, and that toolbars may be omitted entirely in some embodiments. Additionally, certain services 110 will have different options available, and the eMail2 toolbars will reflect this by displaying the options for a specific service 110, whether this entails displaying more options or less.
In the eMail2 system, ‘metadata’ refers to any storable information that is associated with an eMail2 message. Metadata is typically displayed to the user through the delivery slip (
With the eMail2 system, the metadata collected and displayed to the users, administrators, and third parties is completely customizable. It is possible for eMail2 metadata to be virtually any information that a company, organization or individual would like to collect. A specific list of some current metadata can be found below.
Service Details: Service Name, Service GUID (e2SGUID), and Service URL.
Conversation Details: Date started, Conversation originator, Members to date, Policies enforced, Service ownership.
Message Details: Date, Sender, Recipient(s), Subject, Message ID, Summary, Status, Message Format, Character count, Attachments, Message body.
Tracking metadata: (a) Whether recipients have retrieved the access message, (and if so, the e-mail address of the recipients who have done so); (b) Whether recipients have retrieved/rejected/ignored the eMail2 message, (and if so, the e-mail address of the recipients who have done so); (c) Whether recipients have replied or forwarded the eMail2 message, (and if so, the e-mail address of the recipients who have done so).
Options and Policies metadata: Whether replying is enabled; Whether forwarding is enabled; Whether ratings are enabled; Virus metadata; Infection data regarding messages; Infection data regarding attachments.
In some embodiments, in order to make full use of the metadata extensibility, metadata extension modules can be developed by third parties. An example for a possible metadata extension module is disclosed below.
Incident Management
In large organizations, where incidents are reported and archived in a database system, an “Incident Management” metadata extension module could be developed or existing ones could be extended to work with eMail2. This module would allow employees to file incident reports electronically and securely. A workflow for such a module is described below.
Metadata Extension Module Workflow (
Event A: An employee is involved in an incident that is normally reported to specific parties and filed in an electronic “incident database” (external database 134).
Event B: The employee composes an e-mail message to a distribution list or alias (e.g. incident-report@gsys-national.com) using his or her e-mail client 101 and the eMail2 client plug-in 108.
Event C: Upon clicking the send button, the employee is informed that certain metadata fields are incomplete. A secure browser window 130 is opened and the user is taken to a pre-send state of the delivery slip where a custom metadata extension module 131 is awaiting completion (
Event D: Once the metadata extension module is filled-out, the user sends his or her message. The standard message metadata is sent to the eMail2 service 110 and the data collected in the metadata extension module 131 is sent to the third party metadata extension module application 132. Alternatively, all data is sent and stored at the eMail2 service 110.
Event E: The proper parties all receive the eMail2 message informing them of the incident. Using the existing multi-threading functionality of the eMail2 system, private messages may be sent to various concerned parties. For example, the information received by the manager, compliance department and human resources management may differ in amount and depth. On the delivery slip for each message, recipients can view the completed incident report, filed by the sender. If private sub-messaging occurs, it is possible that only certain pieces of information are visible to certain recipients. Following this, the recipients can take the proper action for whatever the incident might have been.
At the same time, the organization's incident management database (external database 134) interfaces with the metadata extension module application 132, using an eMail2 API 133. The pertinent metadata is exported from the metadata extension module application 132 and integrated into the existing organization incident database 134.
This system could alternatively be implemented so that the metadata extension module application communicates through the eMail2 service 110 and not independently of it.
Metadata Export
In embodiments that allow metadata export, data is preferably transferred securely between an external database 134 and the eMail2 service 110/metadata extension module application 132. These transfers preferably occur over an SSL connection, but may make use of any channel-securing technology available.
The eMail2 Application Programming Interface (API) 133 allows the two storage objects to interface with each other. The external database 134 gives the API 133 instructions requesting the information from certain fields, in a certain format. The eMail2 service 110/metadata extension module application 132 receive these requests and send the specified data, formatted correctly, to the external database 134.
In other words, the eMail2 API 133 acts as a translator or mediator, allowing the two otherwise incompatible storage objects to exchange data.
Displaying External Data with the eMail2 API
The eMail2 API 133 can also be used to display data stored in an external database 134 as a module 131 on the eMail2 delivery slip (
In this case, the eMail2 API (
eMail2 Metadata, XML and the eMail2 API
Metadata extension modules 131 are typically displayed to the user through the web based delivery slip (
Interfacing between different external database systems (
Other Uses
The extensible model for metadata extension modules 131 allows for the collection, integration and display of nearly any type of data. Metadata extension modules 131 could be developed for the following areas:
Customer Service—Collecting client information and displaying it to the appropriate customer service representative.
Technical Support—Collecting system and problem information and displaying it to the appropriate support worker.
Contract Management—Collecting and displaying information regarding projects, deadlines and agreements.
Medical Companies—Collecting patient information and displaying it to doctors and nurses.
Retail Industry—Displaying popular items and purchasing trends.
Any area that deals with (or could be benefited by) records keeping and/or database management.
E-mail Management
Because of the extractable metadata stored with every eMail2 message, precise and intelligent routing of eMail2 messages is possible. For example, for a large technical support firm, metadata regarding the type of problem clients may be collected. The eMail2 system can extract this information and route the eMail2 message to the appropriate support department.
eMail2 relies on unique Message IDs as well as service definable and customizable metadata fields, which ensures that the messages are routed correctly, regardless of the subject line.
The client (eMail2 client plug-in (
The eMail2 system can track both event-based and transaction-based data. For example, event-based data includes virus scanning results and user ratings. Transaction-based data includes the time a message was sent, and the number of recipients that have retrieved it.
The eMail2 service 110 records, on a per message basis, all communications and transactions with eMail2 client plug-ins 108. In addition, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 actively monitors the e-mail client 101 for any “trackable” client-side actions and automatically relays that information to the eMail2 service 110 for storage.
From the user's perspective, this feature may be manifested through a workflow toolbar (
As shown in
The section below discusses some of the actions and data that may be available to a user through the workflow enablement feature. However, note that the eMail2 architecture can track and display any type of message metadata.
Synchronize Drafts Between Clients and the Web Client Interface
In some embodiments of the invention, there may be an option to save drafts to the service 110: a user begins composing an eMail2 message in one e-mail client 101, saves it as an eMail2 draft, which in turn saves it to the eMail2 service 110. The drafts that are stored server-side may be accessed from another e-mail client 101 at a later time. Essentially, this process synchronizes saved drafts across multiple e-mail clients 101 and platforms.
This feature enables productivity gains: by synchronizing eMail2 drafts across e-mail clients 101 and platforms, users are able to begin composing an eMail2 message in one e-mail client 101, e.g. Microsoft Outlook at work, and seamlessly finish composing it in another client 101, e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird at home, at a later time. Preferably, the user is able to interact with the saved draft, e.g. finish it, send it, delete it, from the web client interface 127 as well. This feature would be useful, for example, at internet cafés or on shared computers.
Saving an eMail2 draft to the service 110 is preferably accomplished by an optional command on the editing toolbar (
Synchronizing drafts from a service (
Multimedia Messaging
The eMail2 system allows for secure video and voice messaging, preferably with multimedia files created and encoded “on-the-fly” and then stored securely on an eMail2 service 110. In some embodiments, when creating an eMail2 message, a user can add a video or voice message by recording one through the web client interface 127.
In some embodiments, accessing the “Voice/Video Messaging” portion of the pre-send delivery slip (
When a recipient receives a message with an associated voice or video message, he or she is preferably notified of its receipt, preferably by an icon displayed on the reading toolbar (
Media Recording and Service Side Storage (
In embodiments that include multimedia messaging support, media may be captured on-the-fly by an embedded web component (the multimedia recording interface 140) in the delivery slip. In the preferred embodiment, the multimedia recording interface 140 is a flash component, or, more generally, any type of web component.
Recorded media is preferably captured as a stream by the multimedia recording interface 140 and stored directly on a server controlled by the eMail2 service 110. This multimedia data can optionally be encrypted by the eMail2 ICE (
Sample Workflow for a Preferred Embodiment (
1. A user 138 creates a new eMail2 message and types whatever message he or she would like to send in a normal e-mail.
2. Before sending the message, the user presses the “Voice/Video Messaging” button and is taken to the multimedia recording interface 140, an interface for recording video and voice messages. The multimedia recording interface 140 is a part of the web client interface 127. He or she is able to record a video or voice message (depending on preferences and available hardware).
3. The recorded data is streamed directly to the eMail2 service 110 and stored as stored media 142. Stored media 142 may be encrypted during storage.
Upon sending the eMail2 message, the video or voice message is associated with the eMail2 message and is available for viewing or listening by the intended recipients of the eMail2 message.
Multimedia Retrieval
In some embodiments, multimedia data that is intended for a recipient may be retrieved through the multimedia viewing interface 141, a part of the web client interface (
The multimedia player is embedded into a section of the delivery slip (the multimedia viewing interface 141), and once the user has legitimately accessed the delivery slip (
Viewing/Listening Workflow (
1. A user 139 receives a new eMail2 message and is informed that it contains an associated voice or video message.
2. After reading the normal message content, the user presses the “Voice/Video Messaging” button and is taken to the delivery slip containing an embedded multimedia player (multimedia viewing interface 141).
The user is able to watch or listen to the media file directly from the delivery slip. Stored media 142 is streamed from service 110 to the multimedia viewing interface 141. Recipient 139 can view this media using the embedded multimedia player, the multimedia viewing interface (
Multimedia Security
Multimedia data may be stored encrypted on the eMail2 service (
As an added measure of security, senders may encrypt multimedia messages using a specific password that is independent of the eMail2 system. The sender may then use an alternative method of communication, such telephone, face-to-face, etc., to deliver the password to the recipient before the recipient may access the protected video message.
Attachment vs. Association
In preferred embodiments, the media file is associated but not attached to the eMail2 message. Attachment refers to the process of attaching a separate file to an e-mail1 or eMail2 message and sending it to a recipient along with the message (or allowing the recipient to retrieve it along with the message, in the case of eMail2). In some implementations, media files are associated with eMail2 messages. Association refers to the process of storing the file on the eMail2 service (
Benefits of Streaming Media
In preferred embodiments, media is not retrieved to a user's local environment. Rather, media is provided to the recipient by means of a streaming media player (multimedia viewing interface 141). Because of this, users do not need to concern themselves with downloading the proper player software, securely storing multimedia files or decoding special formats. There is one format and one player, both defined by the eMail2 service (Figure 1, 110), and both seamlessly integrated into the web client interface 127. The processes of encoding, decoding, formatting, etc., are completely transparent to the user.
Retrieve, Reject, Ignore, Block
The “Retrieve,” “Reject,” “Ignore” and “Block” options are available to the user in the context of an access message. On “Retrieve”, the eMail2 client plug-in (
Recipients may choose to retrieve, reject, or ignore parts of an eMail2 message including, but not limited to, the following:
For example, upon reviewing an access message, a recipient may choose to initially retrieve the public and any private messages, but not the attachments. After reviewing the message content, the recipient may then choose to retrieve the attachments, or may close or delete the e-mail without ever retrieving the attachments.
Recipients may choose to block components of the eMail2 system including, but not limited to, the following:
Each of the above actions is tracked and recorded by the eMail2 service 110.
Blocking the sender and service 110 are both self explanatory, but blocking the conversation is more complex of an action.
Blocking conversations is preferably performed by recording the originating message ID, and traversing down the tree of message IDs and parent message IDs, determining all related messages and blocking each of them. From the perspective of the eMail2 system, this process essentially blocks all new messages depending on their relationship to an undesired thread. From a user perspective, this process is transparent and blocking a conversation is a single logical action. Traversal for blocking purposes may be accomplished by the eMail2 client plug-in 108 or the eMail2 service 110.
If a message is sent as HTML and the recipient is unsure about its content, eMail2's optional “Retrieve text scan only” can automatically scan the HTML body of the message and retrieve only the text portions (ignoring images, code, etc.). Generally, if the message is sent in any non-plaintext form, the eMail2 system allows for retrieval of either a text-only version or an image-format representation.
Update
In some embodiments, the “Update” option is available to a user in the context of an access message or a sent/retrieved eMail2 message. It updates on the client-side all of the message metadata tracked by the eMail2 service 110. The command can also be used to retrieve replies and comments to the eMail2 message. Preferably, “Update” is automatically called by the eMail2 plug-in 108 whenever an eMail2 message window is opened by the user or before any Retrieve/Reject command is performed.
As an example, a user may use the “Update” option to refresh, over a period of time, the virus scan results displayed in a particular access message. If the results indicate that a number of other recipients' computing devices have scanned the e-mail message associated with the access message and found no virus, the user may then decide to retrieve the e-mail message.
Tracking
In some embodiments, the “Tracking” option is available to a user in the context of an access message or a sent/retrieved eMail2 message. It displays message transaction data that is collected by the eMail2 service (
Event A: All the activity related to either an access message or an eMail2 message is tracked in real time by the eMail2 service 110 and the results are stored in the data layer 120. They are available to both the sender and the recipient(s), depending on the outgoing options set by the sender. Such tracked activity includes the ‘Retrieve’, ‘Reject’, ‘Forward’ commands, etc.
Event B: The original message can be forwarded by any recipient to any other recipients (depending on the outgoing options set by the original sender) and all their activity is also tracked by the service 110.
Tracking information is preferably displayed to the user through web services, as a web based delivery slip (
In one embodiment, “tracking” may be disabled for a specific eMail2 message. In this case, the eMail2 service 110 preferably still logs all transaction activity but the results are not available for display to the users.
The transaction data can include, but is not limited to, the following:
For threaded messages, transaction data may be displayed on a per-item basis, or different levels of summaries may be provided (e.g., a summary for an entire conversation, a summary for different combinations of messages, a summary beginning and ending at specific dates, etc).
Authenticated external applications can use eMail2's XML web services to perform the same tracking tasks via an API that may include (but is not limited to) the following calls:
1. Get Tracking Information ForE2M (Parameters: E2K, E2S);
2. Get Tracking Information ForE2U (Parameters: E1A, E1S, E2S)
P2P Event-Based and Transactional Data: Ratings and Surveys
In some embodiments, eMail2 provides P2P (peer-to-peer) event-based and transactional functions that link the users with a unique message ID and a series of ‘user to action’ based functions. These event-based functions are preferably available to a user in the context of an access message or a sent/retrieved eMail2 message. Such functions include rating and survey systems for e-mails where recipients can, prior to retrieving a given message, see if other recipients found the message valuable. Preferably, every operation of these features and information summaries sends a request to the eMail2 service and opens either within the eMail2 client plug-in (
As an example, the ratings feature allows message recipients to rate an eMail2 message based on any desired criteria, and view the ratings assigned to the message by other recipients. In the preferred embodiment, a recipient may view the aggregated rating for an eMail2 message within the context of a access message, but may not enter a rating if he or she has not yet retrieved the message. A recipient may both view the aggregated rating and enter a rating for a retrieved message. A sender may view the aggregated rating for a sent message, but may not enter a rating. In some embodiments and scenarios, a sender or recipient may be blocked from viewing all rating information for an access message or message.
The eMail2 system may track any type of data as a “rating.” In one embodiment, the rating may be a numerical value. In another embodiment, the rating may be a value from a predefined list of values (e.g. “highly useful,” “useful,” “not useful”). These predefined values may be presented as a set of buttons, icons, or other user interface elements for purposes of allowing recipients to rate the emails they retrieve. In yet another embodiment, the rating may include free-form text comments entered by a user. When a recipient rates an e-mail message, the eMail2 client plug-in 108 of the recipient transmits the rating to the eMail2 service 110 on which the e-mail message is stored together with message ID of the e-mail message, allowing the eMail2 service 110 to store the rating data in association with the e-mail message.
In the preferred embodiment, the eMail2 system allows users to view ratings within the context of a single message (e.g. the e-mail message window) and multiple messages (e.g. the “inbox” view of an e-mail client 101). In the case of displaying ratings of multiple messages, the rating may appear next to or as part of the subject line so that users need not open each message/access message to get this information. The eMail2 system may also allow users to view the number of recipients that have rated the message (e.g. “3 out of 4 recipients rated this message as useful,” or “average rating =3.5 on a scale of 1 to 5 (rated by 6 people)”), and/or separately view the rating given by each individual recipient.
In addition to assisting users in avoiding having to read e-mail messages of little value, the ratings feature enhances the security of the eMail2 system by providing users with additional information about whether a message should be retrieved. For example, if a recipient discovers that the message contains a newly discovered virus, he or she can rate the message accordingly to alert recipients even before anti-virus clients are updated to identify the virus. A “do not open” or “virus detected” rating button may be provided in the e-mail viewing window for this purpose.
The rating feature may be provided by the eMail2 service provider through the use of third party applications (
Implementation of third party applications can be done securely via eMail2 web services, using a web API. The following workflow corresponds with
The system may also be implemented in such a way that the third party application 129 communicates directly with the service 110 so that during Event E, there is only one secure communication channel necessary (between the browser 130 and the service 110.
Web services may also be implemented so that an eMail2 service 110 can also link different third party applications 129 with the unique eMail2 message IDs and the e-mail addresses of the sender and recipients involved. In this way, rating and survey engines can be configured through the eMail2 service 110 and eMail2 plug-in 108 and return summary or detailed information about each user's input on a specific eMail2 message. This feature of eMail2 can also be described as a “link user to action” process where third party applications 129 can send requests via eMail2 methods and thus track the activity of each user. This feature of eMail2 can also be responsible for linking into Social Networking applications whereby eMail2 messages considered of value can be forwarded to a user's trusted recipient list. Data export may be performed by means of an XML feed over a secure connection, or any other standard method of data streaming over a secure connection.
Security between third party applications 129 and an eMail2 service 110 may be guaranteed by way of a certificate system implemented by the eMail2 service 110. However, the eMail2 system preferably does not inherently implement certificate systems between services 110 and third party applications 129. Ensuring that the third party applications 129 themselves are secure is also a responsibility of the service 110 employing them.
Status & Virus
In some embodiments, the “Status” and “Virus” actions are available to a user in the context of an access message or a sent/retrieved eMail2 message. They display the aggregated results of anti-spam and anti-virus scanning that is performed on an eMail2 message.
For example, such scanning may occur on the sender's computer (
Like the ratings attribute, the “status” and “virus” attributes may be displayed within the context of a single message (e.g. the e-mail message window) and multiple messages (e.g. the “inbox” view of an e-mail client)
The “Virus” and “Status” values may be calculated differently by each eMail2 service 110 depending on the programs used to perform the scanning. For example, the following results can be displayed:
The Status command can calculate an average by combining a number of factors, such as the number of people that retrieved the message, rating results, and virus probability. The virus probability may be weighted according to the results of anti-virus programs that offer virus probability functions.
The eMail2 system may also include a virus scanning method that uses APIs from large virus scanning companies. The implementation of this API system would allow programs (such as the eMail2 client plug-in 108 or the eMail2 service 110 software) to send files for virus scans at external virus scan websites. After the files are verified as “clean,” a certificate is returned to the eMail2 application. eMail2 is able to take advantage of this and use the infrastructure of external sites (i.e. virus scanning sites) to verify the integrity of messages and attachments.
Metadata Export
In some embodiments, through the use of a web services API, the eMail2 system can export all forms of eMail2 metadata to third party programs 129. This is commonly done in the form of an XML feed, but other processes for achieving the same result are possible.
As an example, an advertising company may wish to export large amounts of message retrieval metadata and aggregate it so that they can see the number or percentage of e-mail messages that have been retrieved over the entire course of an e-mail campaign.
Metadata Export Workflow
In preferred embodiments, data is generally transferred between the eMail2 service and the user via XML feeds over secure network connections. Therefore, the workflows for all metadata extensions should be very similar. A possible workflow for a survey engine developed by a third party is provided as an example:
The configurable options for the client side of the eMail2 system can be divided into at least two logical sections: Incoming Message Options and Outgoing Message Options. Additional sections, such as signature preferences, are contemplated herein.
Incoming Message Options
The “Incoming Message Options” deal with all aspects of incoming messaging. They are defined by the user from the eMail2 client plug-in Options or Preferences menu, and affect the local security and preferences for a single installation of the eMail2 client plug-in (
The above set of options is represented in a visual form by
Outgoing Message Options
The “Outgoing Message Options” deal with the user's preferences for outbound messaging. They are typically set in the pre-send state of the delivery slip (
Signature Preferences
eMail2 supports existing signature systems. The eMail2 signature preferences contain at least (but not limited to) the following options:
In the preferred embodiment, although the signature preferences are embedded within the e-mail client (
eMail2 Administration
Service configuration options are set by administrators. In the eMail2 system, there are two types of administrators: Super administrators and service administrators (
Service administrators control a specific eMail2 service (
Super administrators control service providers, hosting companies that may or may not be corporately affiliated with the services 110 that they are hosting. Super administrators hold full administrative privileges for all the configuration options of all of the services 110 hosted on a service provider.
The eMail2 service configuration options are set by an eMail2 service administrator through a secure service administration web interface. An example of the service administration web interface can be seen in
Preferably, the administration web interface is viewed as two sets of tabs (157 and 158) and one dropdown menu 159. Super administrators have access to all levels of the tabs. Service administrators have access to all of the second level tabs under “services,” for their specific service 158. If a single individual is a service administrator for two or more services that are hosted on one service provider, he or she preferably will have access to all of the second level tabs under “services” for each service that he or she administrates.
The top level tabs 157 include: Home, Services, Users, Skins and Settings. The second level tabs are different depending on the top level tab selected. The dropdown menu 159 is different depending on the second level tab selected. A more complete architecture for the service administration web interface is described at the end of this section.
eMail2 Service Conriguration Options
Possible configuration settings for specific services (
If two companies exchange eMail2 messages and each runs its own eMail2 service (
These options above, as well as the architecture below, are meant to be illustrative and not definitive. It should be recognized that options and interface architecture may be added at a later date without going beyond the scope of the invention.
eMail2 Service Administration Web Interface Architecture
The following is one possible menu system for the interface described in
The end-to-end encryption, message storage, and message tracking features of eMail2 enable “Registered Electronic Mail” for systems in which these features are embodied. Registered electronic mail is based on the same architecture and feature set as plain eMail2. The primary workflow difference is that recipients may be required to register with the eMail2 service (
The typical process for registered electronic mail is described, with reference to
Equipped with a unique Message Access Key, authorized parties (such as service administrator 128) can access the archived eMail2 messages stored in the service data layer 120 and preferably find them in their original state, encrypted and available for later consultation. Certified copies of messages and attachments can be made available as images, PDF or any other format over the web. Alternatively, registered electronic mail services 110 can also forward certified paper copies to solve any disputes between the parties involved.
Because the messages are encrypted and stored on the secure eMail2 service 110, the content and attachments of the messages cannot be tampered with by users for their entire lifecycle.
The various features and functions described above may be implemented in code modules that are executed by general purpose computing devices. The code modules may be stored on any appropriate type of computer storage device or memory.
As will be apparent, numerous modifications can be made to the system and methods described above without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is defined only by the following claims.
This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/696,300, filed 1 Jul. 2005, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
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