Patent Grant
11308745
The present disclosure relates to remote access of medication and the auditing of access thereto, specifically the use of a remote medication management system and specifically configured to enable access to several physical containers while auditing such access to ensure compliance with appropriate standards and accountability regarding access to and use of stored medications.
The present disclosure also relates to the physical containers and the locking systems used in combination with the remote medication management system to prevent and enable access to the physical containers, which can, for example, be used to store medication.
Remote medication management systems are useful systems that provide for the ability to store medications that are accessed via a computing terminal or other similar interface that implements security measures to prohibit unauthorized access to medications. The result is that medications are stored in a secure manner that can prevent theft and unauthorized usage of medications, as well as cut down on instances where prescriptions may be mixed or incorrect dosages applied during patient care. Many remote medication management systems accomplish such benefits via the use of separated physical containers inside of the remote medication management system.
However, such systems operate by having mechanical locks placed on every physical container inside of the remote medication management system. Such systems are effective at preventing unauthorized access to medications, due to the mechanical locks, where access to any physical container is only allowed following authentication and/or the entering of a valid medication order for medication stored within. However, the use of mechanical locks on every single physical container results in such remote medication management systems being very expensive, which may be unfeasible for some facilities, particularly smaller, independent clinics and pharmacies. In addition, having separate locks on every physical container can make resupply and inventory of the system time consuming and difficult. In some cases, the manufacturer or distributer of the remote medication management system may require locked physical containers to be provided back to them, or to an authorized third party, for resupply of medications, further complicating the process and resulting in additional expenses that may be unfeasible for some facilities.
Thus, there is a need for a remote medication management system that may provide controlled access to medications that can achieve the benefits of traditional remote medication management systems, particularly the prevention of usage of incorrect medications and controlled access to medication, without the need for mechanical locks to be placed on every physical container.
The present disclosure provides a description of systems and methods for monitoring remote access to medication in remote medication management systems. The methods and systems discussed herein provide for remote medication management systems that include a plurality of physical containers that are not independently locked, reducing the cost of such systems and increasing accessibility with respect to resupply and inventorying. Alarms and auditing techniques are used to ensure that personnel access the correct medication any time an order is to be fulfilled, while ensuring that any unauthorized access is properly logged to minimize the use of incorrect medications or dosages and to easily identify any theft or other misuse. As a result, the remote medication management systems discussed herein may provide all of the benefits of traditional remote medication management systems, with the added benefit of easier inventorying and resupply, while reducing both the initial and recurring expenses related therewith.
A method for monitoring remote access to medication includes: storing, in a container database of a remote medication management system, a plurality of container records, wherein each container record is related to a physical container stored in a medication dispensing apparatus and includes one or more inventory data entries related to a medication stored in the related physical container, each inventory data entry including at least a medication identifier; receiving, by an input device of the remote medication management system, user credentials associated with a user of the remote medication management system, wherein the user credentials includes at least an identification value; receiving, by an input device of the remote medication management system, a specific medication identifier; detecting, by a detection module of the remote medication management system, access to a specific physical container of a plurality of physical containers stored in the medication dispensing apparatus; executing, by a querying module of the remote medication management system, a query on the container database to identify a specific container record related to the accessed specific physical container; determining, by a determination module of the remote medication management system, that the specific medication identifier is not included in any of the one or more inventory data entries included in the identified specific container record; and storing, in a memory of the remote medication management system, a data entry in an event log related to the access to the specific physical container, wherein the data entry includes at least the identification value included in the user credentials.
A remote medication management system for monitoring remote access to medication interfaced with a medication dispensing apparatus includes: a container database configured to store a plurality of container records, wherein each container record is related to a physical container stored in the medication dispensing apparatus and includes one or more inventory data entries related to a medication stored in the related physical container, each inventory data entry including at least a medication identifier; an input device configured to receive user credentials associated with a user of the remote medication management system, wherein the user credentials includes at least an identification value, and receive a specific medication identifier; a detection module configured to detect access to a specific physical container of a plurality of physical containers stored in the medication dispensing apparatus; a querying module configured to execute a query on the container database to identify a specific container record related to the accessed specific physical container; a determination module configured to determine that the specific medication identifier is not included in any of the one or more inventory data entries included in the identified specific container record; and a memory configured to store a data entry in an event log related to the access to the specific physical container, wherein the data entry includes at least the identification value included in the user credentials.
A secure storage system for controlling access to a stored material, the storage system including: a remote access management system including an input device for receiving an access instruction and a transmitting device configured to electronically transmit an access instruction signal based on the access instruction; a cabinet including: at least one storage drawer, each at least one storage drawer including a first lock for locking the drawer in the cabinet wherein the first lock is placed in an unlocked state based on the access instruction signal received from the remote access management system; at least one container arranged in the at least one storage drawer, each at least one container configured to store the stored material, each at least one container including, an opening, and a lid for controlling access to the stored material via the opening, and a second lock for locking the lid in a closed position covering the opening, wherein the second lock is placed in an unlocked state based on the access instruction signal received from the remote access management system, the unlocked state configured to allow the lid to be changed from a closed position to an open position; a row circuit board including: an indicator corresponding to each at least one container, the indicator configured to indicate an unlocked state of a respective second lock; and a lid switch corresponding to each at least one container for indicating to the remote access management system an open state or a closed state of the respective lid.
A secure storage system for limiting access to a stored material, the storage system including: a remote access management system including an input device for receiving an access instruction and a transmitting device configured to electronically transmit an access instruction signal based on the access instruction; a cabinet including: at least one storage drawer, each at least one storage drawer including a first lock for locking the drawer in the cabinet wherein the first lock is placed in an unlocked state based on the access instruction signal received from the remote access management system; at least one container arranged in the at least one storage drawer, each at least one container configured to store the stored material, each at least one container including a second lock for preventing access to the stored material, wherein the second lock is placed in an unlocked state allowing access to the stored material based on the access instruction signal received from the remote access management system; and a switch corresponding to each at least one container for indicating to the remote access management system a locked state or an unlocked state of the respective container.
The scope of the present disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Included in the drawings are the following figures:
Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description of exemplary embodiments are intended for illustration purposes only and are, therefore, not intended to necessarily limit the scope of the disclosure.
System for Monitoring and Auditing of Remote Access to Medication
The remote medication management system 102, discussed in more detail below with respect to
In some embodiments, the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may include a single physical compartment 106, which may store a plurality of physical containers. In other embodiments, such as the embodiment illustrated in
In some embodiments, each of the physical containers 107 may have a locking mechanism, where the physical container 107 may be locked until unlocked via the remote medication management system 102, as discussed in more detail below. In other embodiments, a portion of the physical containers 107 may have a locking mechanism, while the remaining physical containers 107 may have no locking mechanism. In such embodiments, the types of medication stored in each physical container 107 may be based on the existence or use of a locking mechanism for the respective physical container 107. For instance, applicable regulations may require a specific medication to only be stored in physical containers 107 capable of being locked. In some embodiments, the remote medication management system 102 may include an individual dose control dispensing unit, such as the EMMA® provided by INRange Systems. In such embodiments, a physical compartment 106 may be dedicated for use by the individual dose control dispensing unit.
The remote medication management system 102 may also include a display device 108. As illustrated in
The remote medication management system 102 may be configured to store an inventory of the physical containers stored in the medication dispensing apparatus 104. The inventory may be comprised of a plurality of container records, discussed in more detail below, where each container record is related to a physical container 107 and includes data regarding the medications stored therein. Such data may include a medication identifier (e.g., serial number, Universal Product Code, National Drug Code, registration number, medication name, etc.), quantity, dosage, branding, and any other suitable data related to the medication. A user may access the remote medication management system 102 via a suitable input device (e.g., the display device 108 or any other type of input device interfaced with the remote medication management system 102, as discussed in more detail below) for access to the medication dispensing apparatus 104 and medications stored therein. The user may input an order for medication to the remote medication management system 102, which may identify the physical container 107 that stores such medication by examining the container records, and instruct the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to provide access to the corresponding physical container. For instance, the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may have a lock on the cabinet and/or a lock on the physical compartment 106 that stores the physical container, and may unlock such lock(s) after the order has been entered.
In some embodiments, the remote medication management system 102 may require the user to provide authentication data prior to providing access to a medication. In such embodiments, the remote medication management system 102 may include an input device configured to collect authentication data from the user. Authentication data may include any data uniquely associated with a specific user, such as a username, password, email address, phone number, registration number, identification number, fingerprint, retinal scan, facial scan, vocal identity, palm print, etc. In some cases, the remote medication management system 102 may provide access (e.g., via instructing the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to unlock) to physical containers for every user following authentication, where authentication data may be used for auditing. In other cases, the remote medication management system 102 may store data related to user permissions of physical compartments 106 and/or physical containers 107, where user access to certain physical compartments 106, physical containers, or specific medications may be limited. In such cases, the remote medication management system 102 may authenticate the user based on their supplied authentication data and authentication data registered with the remote medication system 102 (e.g., during a traditional registration process therewith) and may only instruct the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to provide access to a physical container 107 if the user is authorized. In cases where authentication fails or the user may not be authorized to access a requested medication, the remote medication management system 102 may instruct the display device 108 interfaced therewith to display such an indication to the user.
Following the input of the order for medication, and, if applicable, authentication of the user, the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may unlock the physical compartment 106 that stores the requested physical container 107 as instructed by the remote medication management system 102 (e.g., via an electronic signal electronically transmitted therefrom using a suitable communication channel). The input device that receives the user identifier for authentication and input device for the order for medication (e.g., medication identifier) can be the same or different and the inputs do not need to occur at the same time. That is the medication request may be put in from a remote terminal and the user ID at the device medication dispensing apparatus 104, as one example. The input devices can be a keypad, bar code scanner, RFID tag scanner, or nearly any suitable input device. The user may then access the physical container 107 to obtain the requested medication. In some cases, the display device 108 may be configured to display an indication of the physical container 107 that includes the medication requested by the user, such as by displaying a number or other symbol also displayed on the physical container, displaying a graphical representation of the physical compartment 106 and highlighting or otherwise indicating the physical container, or other suitable method. In some instances, the physical compartment 106 may be configured to indicate the physical container, such as by including lighting that emphasizes the physical container 107 therein that includes the requested medication.
The remote medication management system 102 may, as interfaced with the medication dispensing apparatus 104, be configured to detect the physical container 107 accessed by the user. For example, the remote medication management system 102 may detect the opening of a lid 109 of a physical container 109, such as via motion sensing, magnetics, or other suitable method, as an indication of access thereto by the user. The remote medication management system 102 may detect which physical container 107 is accessed, and may determine if the user accessed the correct physical container, where the correct physical container 107 may be the physical container 107 that includes the requested medication. If the correct physical container 107 is accessed, the display device 108 may request that the user withdraw the requested medication and scan the medication for confirmation. The medication may include a machine-readable code that may be read by an optical imager or other suitable input device interfaced with the remote medication management system 102 (e.g., or accessible thereto, such as via the medication dispensing apparatus 104) that is encoded with identification data, such as the medication identifier, that is communicated to the remote medication management system 102. For example, the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may include a bar code scanner that is used to scan a bar code on medication packaging to communicate a medication identifier to the remote medication management system 102.
If the correct (e.g., requested) medication is withdrawn from the physical container, the remote medication management system 102 may update the inventory of the physical container 107 to account for the withdrawal, and instruct the display device 108 to display that the correct medication was selected. If an incorrect medication was withdrawn (e.g., if the physical container 107 includes multiple medications and the wrong one was grabbed by the user), the remote medication management system 102 may instruct the display device 108 to display a message accordingly. In some cases, the remote medication management system 102 may initiate the same process as in the case of unauthorized access to a physical container, as discussed below. In other cases, the user may be instructed to return the incorrect medication and select the correct medication from the physical container.
If the remote medication management system 102 detects that an incorrect physical container 107 is accessed, then the remote medication management system 102 may instruct the medication dispensing apparatus 104 and/or other device or system interfaced therewith to initiate an alarm. The alarm may be visual (e.g., flashing lights), aural (e.g., a high-pitched siren), physical (e.g., vibration of the medication dispensing apparatus 104), or other suitable type or a combination thereof, which may indicate to the user that they accessed the incorrect, and thus an unauthorized, physical container. The remote medication management system 102 may instruct the display device 108 to display a message to the user requesting that the user re-inventory the physical container. The re-inventorying of the physical container 107 may include the scanning of each of the medications included in the physical container, where such data may be communicated to the remote medication management system 102. The remote medication management system 102 may update the container record for the physical container 107 accordingly, and may store an entry in an event log that corresponds to the unauthorized access.
The event log entry may include data associated with the user, such as the user's supplied authentication credentials or other data associated therewith (e.g., provided when registering, such as a name), as well as data associated with the inventory of the unauthorized physical container. For instance, the entry may include the inventory of the physical container 107 prior to the re-inventorying and after, or may include only any changes in the inventory of the physical container 107 after re-inventorying (e.g., or an indication that the inventory is unchanged, if applicable). In some cases, the entry may include additional information associated with the unauthorized access, such as a timestamp or, if the medication dispensing apparatus 104 is interfaced with a video capture device, an image of the user accessing the unauthorized physical container. In some embodiments, an event log may also be used to log entries related to all access to the medication dispensing apparatus 104, including instances where the proper physical container 107 and medication were accessed, such as for auditing, inventorying, and compliance purposes.
In some instances, the remote medication management system 102 may be configured to notify third parties when unauthorized access to a physical container 107 is performed. For instance, the remote medication management system 102 may be configured to electronically transmit an e-mail, short message service message, automated telephone call, or other type of message to a supervisor when unauthorized access is detected. Such a message may include the entry to the event log and/or data associated with the unauthorized access, which may be used by the supervisor accordingly. In such instances, the use of notifications may decrease the response time for contacting the user that performed the unauthorized access and decrease the time for auditing of the inventory of the remote medication management system 102 to ensure no theft or other misuse occurred with respect to the unauthorized access.
Once the user has finished accessing the medication dispensing apparatus 104, the user may return the physical compartment 106 to its initial position and close the cabinet, if applicable. The remote medication management system 102 may detect, via the medication dispensing apparatus 104, that the physical compartment 106 was returned to its initial position and may instruct the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to lock the physical compartment 106 (e.g., and cabinet, if applicable). The remote medication management system 102 may then wait for a new user and/or medication request and repeat the process discussed above for access thereto.
The methods and systems discussed herein may thus provide for a remote medication management system 102 that controls access to medications that provides for controlled access to medications to increase effectiveness of patient care and decrease theft and misuse, where monitoring and event logging techniques are used in conjunction therewith to provide such benefits without the need to mechanically lock every physical container 107 stored in a medication dispensing apparatus 104. As a result, the remote medication management system 102 may be significantly less expensive than alternative systems, and physical containers 107 may be re-inventoried and medications resupplied to the medication dispensing apparatus 104 faster and easier due to the absence of mechanical locks thereon. Thus, the remote medication management system 102 discussed herein may be at least as effective as traditional systems with respect to security, more effective with respect to maintenance, and less expensive.
Remote Medication Management System
The remote medication management system 102 may include a communications infrastructure 202. The communications infrastructure 202 may be configured to transmit data between modules, engines, databases, memories, and other components of the remote medication management system 102 for use in performing the functions discussed herein. The communications infrastructure 202 may be comprised of one or more communication types and utilize various communication methods for communications within a computing device. For example, the communications infrastructure 202 may be comprised of a bus, contact pin connectors, wires, etc. In some embodiments, the communications infrastructure 202 may also be configured to communicate between internal components of the remote medication management system 102 and external components of the remote medication management system 102, such as externally connected databases, display devices, input devices, etc.
The remote medication management system 102 may also include a communications interface 204. The communications interface 204 may include one or more interfaces used to interact with and facilitate communications between the remote medication management system 102 and one or more external devices via suitable communications mediums 206, such as to the medication dispensing apparatus 104. For instance, the communications interface 204 may interface with the communications infrastructure 202 and provide an interface 204 for connecting the remote medication management system 102 to one or more communications mediums 204 for the electronic transmission or receipt of data signals that are encoded or otherwise superimposed with data for use in performing the functions discussed herein. Communications interfaces 204 may include universal serial bus (USB) ports, Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) ports, PS/2 ports, serial ports, fiber optic ports, coaxial ports, twisted-pair cable ports, wireless receivers, etc. Communications mediums 206 may include local area networks, wireless area networks, cellular communication networks, the Internet, radio frequency, Bluetooth, near field communication, etc.
In some instances, the remote medication management system 102 may include multiple communications interfaces 204 for electronically transmitting and receiving data signals via one or more communications mediums 206, such as a first communications interface 204 configured to transmit and receive data signals via a local area network and a second communications interface 204 configured to transmit and receive data signals via the Internet. In some instances, the communications interface 204 may include a parsing module for parsing received data signals to obtain the data superimposed or otherwise encoded thereon. For example, the communications interface 204 may include (e.g., or otherwise have access to, such as via the communications infrastructure 204) a parser program configured to receive and transform the received data signal into usable input for the functions performed by the processing device to carry out the methods and systems described herein.
The communications interface 204 may be configured to receive data signals electronically transmitted by medication dispensing apparatuses 104, which may be superimposed or otherwise encoded with signals indicating accessed physical containers 107 (e.g., identification values) and signals that include medication data read from scanned medication (e.g., medication identifiers). In some instances, the communications interface 204 may receive data signals superimposed with device identifiers from other computing devices, such as remote control that is interfaced with the remote medication management system 102 via the communications interface 204. The communications interface 204 may also be configured to electronically transmit data signals to medication dispensing apparatus 104, which may be superimposed or otherwise encoded with instructions regarding the locking and unlocking of the cabinet and, if applicable, individual physical compartments 106 for access thereto. In some instances, the communications interface 204 may be configured to electronically transmit data signals to and receive data signals from a display device 108 and input devices, such as to display notifications, alarms, and instructions, and to receive authentication credentials and medication requests.
The remote medication management system 102 may also include a memory 208. The memory 208 may be configured to store data for use by the remote medication management system 102 in perform the functions discussed herein. The memory 208 may be comprised of one or more types of memory using one or more suitable types of memory storage, such as random access memory, read-only memory, hard disk drives, solid state drives, magnetic tape storage, etc. The memory 208 may store data in any suitable type of configuration, such as in one or more lists, databases, tables, etc., which may store the data in a suitable data format and schema. In some instances, the memory 208 may include one or more relational databases, which may utilize structured query language for the storage, identification, modifying, updating, accessing, etc. of structured data sets stored therein.
The memory 208 of the remote medication management system 102 may include a container database 210. The container database 210 may be configured to store a plurality of container records 212 using a suitable storage format and schema. Each container record 212 may be a structured data set configured to store data related to a physical container 107 stored in the interfaced medication dispensing apparatus 104. Each container record 212 may include at least an identification value associated with the related physical container 107 and one or more inventory data entries. Each inventory data entry may be related to a medication stored in the related physical container 107 and include at least a medication identifier associated with the medication, and may also include additional data associated therewith, such as a quantity, dosage, medication name, etc. In some instances, a container record 212 may also include a compartment identifier, which may identify the physical compartment 106 in which the related physical container 107 is stored, such as for use in the unlocking thereof for access to the related physical container. In cases where the remote medication management system 102 may be interfaced with multiple medication dispensing apparatuses 104, the container record 212 may also indicate the medication dispensing apparatus 104 in which the physical container 107 is located.
In some embodiments, the memory 208 may also store data associated with users of the remote medication management system 102. For instance, the memory 208 may include a database of users and data associated therewith, such as access rules and permissions, authentication data, supervisor information, etc. Such data may be used for the authentication of users attempting to access the remote medication management system 102, determinations on rights of an authentication user to access a requested medication, and for logging actions performed by the user with respect to the access to and retrieval of medications in the medication dispensing apparatus 104.
The remote medication management system 102 may also include a processor 220. The processor 220 may be configured to perform the functions of the remote medication management system 102 discussed herein as will be apparent to persons having skill in the relevant art. In some embodiments, the processor 220 may include and/or be comprised of a plurality of engines and/or modules specially configured to perform one or more functions of the processing device, such as a querying module 222, detection module 224, determination module 226, authentication module 228, etc. As used herein, the term “module” may be software or hardware particularly programmed to receive an input, perform one or more processes using the input, and provides an output. The input, output, and processes performed by various modules will be apparent to one skilled in the art based upon the present disclosure. The processor 220 as discussed herein may be a single processor, a plurality of processors, or combinations thereof, which may also include processors that may have one or more processor “cores.” Operations performed by the processor 220 or modules included therein may be performed as a sequential process and/or be performed in parallel, concurrently, and/or in a distributed environment. In some embodiments the order of operations may be rearranged without departing from the spirit of the disclosed subject matter. The processor 220 and the modules or engines included therein may be configured to execute program code or programmable logic to perform the functions discussed herein, such as may be stored in the memory 208 and/or a secondary memory 230, discussed in more detail below.
The processor 220 of the remote medication management system 102 may include a querying module 222. The querying module 222 may be configured to execute queries on databases to identify information. The querying module 222 may receive one or more data values or query strings, and may execute a query string based thereon on an indicated database, such as the container database 210, to identify information stored therein. The querying module 222 may then output the identified information to an appropriate engine or module of the remote medication management system 102 as necessary. The querying module 222 may, for example, execute a query on the container database 210 to identify a container record 212 that includes a medication identifier corresponding to one supplied in a medication request submitted by a user. The identified container record 212 may then be used to instruct the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to the appropriate physical compartment 106 for retrieval of the requested medication as stored therein.
The processor 220 of the remote medication management system 102 may also include a detection module 224. The detection module 224 may be configured to detect the opening of a physical container 107 in the medication dispensing apparatus using a suitable method associated therewith, such as motion detection, physical movement, change in state of an electrical connection using a mechanical switch or magnetic sensor that detects the opening and closing of the lid 109 on the container, etc. Detection of the opening of a physical container 107 may be performed via a communications interface 204 and associated communications medium 206 with the medication dispensing apparatus 104 in which the physical container 107 is located. The detection module 224 may detect the opening of a physical container 107 and identify the identification value of the physical container, which may be communicated to another module or engine of the processor 220 for use thereby. The detection module 224 may also be configured to detect the closing of physical containers 107 and/or physical compartments 106, such as for the locking of physical compartments 106 or the medication dispensing apparatus 104 once medications have been accessed.
The processor 220 of the remote medication management system 102 may further include a determination module 226. The determination module 226 may be configured to perform determinations for the remote medication management system 102, such as to determine if the correct physical container 107 was accessed for a medication request, if a user is authorized to access a requested medication, or if a physical compartment 106 and/or medication dispensing apparatus 106 should be closed. The determination module 226 may determine if a correct physical container 107 is being accessed based on identifying (e.g., via the issuing of an instruction to the querying module 222 and subsequent querying of the container database 210) if the inventory data entries included in a container record 212 for an opened physical container 107 include the medication identifier for a medication requested by the user. Authorized access to requested medications may be determined by the determination module 226 based on user access permissions and access data related to specific medications and/or physical containers 107 or physical compartments 106 based on data stored in the memory 208 of the remote medication management system 102. For instance, the determination module 226 may have to determine that a user is authorized access to not only a requested medication, but also to a physical container 107 that stores such medication. The determination module 226 may also be configured to determine when a locking or unlocking instruction should be issued to the medication dispensing apparatus 104, such as by ensuring that all requirements for unlocking have been met or ensuring that all physical containers 107 and compartments 106 have been closed prior to locking.
In some embodiments, the processor 220 of the remote medication management system 102 may also include an authentication module 228. The authentication module 228 may be configured to perform functions of the remote medication management system 102 related to the authentication of users. The authentication module 228 may be configured to register users for authentication using traditional methods, and may be configured to authenticate users of the remote medication management system 102 based on supplied authentication data and registered data, such as by comparing such data. For instance, the users may supply a fingerprint when requesting a medication, which may be compared to stored fingerprints by the authentication module 228 to determine who the user is and to identify the user's permissions for determination by the determination module 226 if the user is allowed access to a requested medication.
In some embodiments, the remote medication management system 102 may also include a secondary memory 230. The secondary memory 230 may be another memory in addition to the memory 208 that may be used to store additional data for use in performing the functions of the remote medication management system 102 as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the secondary memory 230 may be a different format or may use a different data storage method and/or schema than the memory 208. The secondary memory 230 may be any suitable type of memory, and, in some instances, may include multiple types of memory. For instance, the secondary memory 230 may be comprised of a hard disk drive 232 and one or more interfaces 234, where the interfaces 234 are configured to transmit data to and receive data from one or more removable storage units 236. Removable storage units 236 may include, for example, floppy disks, compact discs, digital video discs, Blu-ray discs, removable hard drives, flash drives, universal serial bus drives, etc.
In some cases, the remote medication management system 102 may also include a display interface 238. The display interface may be configured to interface the remote medication management system 102 with one or more display devices 240, such as display devices 108 interfaced directly with the remote medication management system 102 or the medication dispensing apparatus 104 (e.g., via the communications interface 204). The display devices 240 may be devices configure to display data received from the remote medication management system 102. Display devices 240 may be any suitable type of display, including, for example, liquid crystal displays, light emitting diode displays, thin film transistor display, capacitive touch displays, etc. In some instances, the remote medication management system 102 may include one or more display interfaces 238, which may interface with one or more display devices 240. Display devices 240 may, for example, display instructions, notifications, alarms, or other data received from the remote medication management system 102 for use in performing the functions discussed herein, such as for alarming when an unauthorized physical container 107 is accessed, illustrating which physical container 107 to access, instructing the user when to scan medications, requesting the user to close a physical compartment 106, etc.
The remote medication management system 102 may also include an input/output interface 242. The input/output interface 242 may be configured to interface the remote medication management system 102 with one or more input devices 244 and/or output devices 246 for the transmission to and receipt of data from the respective devices. The input/output interface 242 may include any suitable type of interface, and in some instances may include multiple types of interfaces, such as for interfacing with multiple types of input devices 244 and/or output devices 246. Input devices 244 may include any suitable type of device for inputting data to an remote medication management system 102, such as a keyboard, mouse, microphone, camera, touch screen, click wheel, scroll wheel, remote control, etc. Input devices 244 may be configured to receive input from a user of the remote medication management system 102, such as for the submission of a request for a medication, supplying of authentication credentials, reading of medication identifiers from medication, etc. Output devices 246 may include any suitable type of device for outputting data from the remote medication management system 102, such as a visual, aural, or physical alarm, speaker, remote control, headset, tactile feedback device, etc.
Process for Monitoring and Auditing Access to Medication
In step 302, the remote medication management system 102 may receive (e.g., via an input device 244) user credentials from a user thereof. In step 304, the determination module 226 of the remote medication management system 102 may determine if the user of the remote medication management system 102 is authorized for access to the interfaced medication dispensing apparatus 104. Such a determination may include identifying (e.g., via a query executed by the querying module 222 of the remote medication management system 102) if a user account is registered for the user based on their supplied authentication credentials. If no such account is identified, and thus the user is not authorized, then, in step 306, the remote medication management system 102 may instruct the display device 108 to display a message indicating that access to the medication dispensing apparatus 104 is denied. In some instances, the user may be requested to register with the remote medication management system 102 prior to repeating the process 300.
If a registered user account is identified that matches the authentication credentials supplied by the user, then, in step 308, the remote medication management system 102 may receive (e.g., via an input device 244) a medication order. The medication order may include at least a medication identifier associated with medication that is requested. The medication order may also include additional data associated with needed medication, such as an amount. For example, the medication order may be a request for four 325 milligram doses of aspirin. In step 310, the querying module 222 of the remote medication management system 102 may execute a query on the container database 210 to identify a container record 212 that includes an inventory data entry that includes the medication identifier for the requested medication. In instances where additional data may be included in the medication order, such as an amount, the query may also identify an appropriate container record 212 based thereon. For instance, in the above example, the querying module 222 may identify a container record 212 related to a physical container 107 that not only stores 325 milligram doses of aspirin, but that includes at least four such doses.
In step 312, the remote medication management system 102 may electronically transmit a data signal to the medication dispensing apparatus in which the physical container 107 related to the identified container record 212 is stored requesting that the medication dispensing apparatus 104 unlock the physical compartment 106 in which the physical container 107 is stored (e.g., as indicated in the container record 212). The medication dispensing apparatus 104 may then unlock access to the physical compartment 106 and provide access to the user to all physical containers 107 stored therein. In step 314, the detection module 224 of the remote medication management system 102 may detect the opening of a physical container 107 in the medication dispensing apparatus 104. As part of the detection, the detection module 224 may receive or otherwise identify an identification value associated with the opened physical container.
In step 316, the determination module 226 of the remote medication management system 102 may determine if the correct physical container 107 was opened. The correct physical container 107 may be the physical container 107 related to the identified container record 212, where such a determination may be based on the comparison of the identification value stored therein and an identification value received from the detection module 224 as a result of the detection. If the correct physical container 107 (e.g., the one identified in step 310) was opened, then, in step 318, the remote medication management system 102 may receive (e.g., via an input device 244) a medication scan. The medication scan may be a scan of the requested medication as performed by the user, such as by the use of a bar code scanner on a bar code displayed on packaging of the medication. The medication scan may include at least the medication identifier associated with the medication. In cases where multiple medications or amounts of a medication are withdrawn from the physical container, the medication scan may include multiple medication identifiers or multiple medication scans may be received. For instance, in the above example, the user may scan four separate 325 milligram doses of aspirin.
In step 320, the querying module 222 of the remote medication management system 102 may execute a query on the container database 210 to update the inventory data entries in the container record 212 for the physical container 107 to reflect the removal of the medication as indicated in the medication scan. For instance, in the above example, the querying module 222 may deduct four from the amount of 325 milligram doses of aspirin from the corresponding inventory data entry in the container record 212.
In step 322, the detection module 224 of the remote medication management system 102 may detect that the physical compartment 106 that had been unlocked is closed and able to be locked again. This may indicate to the remote medication management system 102 that the user has completed the withdrawal of the requested medication. In step 324, the remote medication management system 102 may electronically transmit a data signal to the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to request that the physical compartment 106 be locked or access thereto otherwise removed. Access to medications in the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may thus be prohibited until a new user authenticates with the remote medication management system 102 (e.g., in step 302) or a new medication order is received (e.g., in step 308), such as from the current user.
If, in step 316, the determination module 226 determines that an incorrect (e.g., unauthorized) physical container 107 was accessed, then, in step 326, the remote medication management system 102 may trigger an alarm. The alarm may be triggered via an instruction to the medication dispensing apparatus 104 or to a separate alarm device, and may be any suitable type of alarm that may indicate to the user that the incorrect physical container 107 was accessed. In step 328, the remote medication management system 102 may electronically transmit an instruction to the display device 108 to display an instruction to the user requesting that the physical container 107 be re-inventoried. In step 330, the remote medication management system 102 may receive medication scans for each of the medications stored in the physical container.
In step 332, the querying module 222 of the remote medication management system 102 may execute a query on the container database 210 to identify the container record 212 related to the incorrect physical container 107 based on the identification value and to update the inventory data entries stored therein based on the medication scans. In step 334, the incorrect accessing of the physical container 107 may be logged in an entry log, which may be stored locally in the remote medication management system 102 (e.g., in the memory 208, secondary memory 230, or other memory device) or in a separate computing system. The log for the incorrect access may include at least user data associated with the user and other data associated with the incorrect access, such as a timestamp, the identification value of the incorrect physical container, the medication order, and the inventory of the incorrect physical container 107 before and after the re-inventory and/or an indication of any changes in the physical container's inventory. In some embodiments, step 334 may include the electronic transmission of a data message related to the new log in the entry log, such as the transmission of an e-mail message to a supervisor of the user that includes the log. The process 300 may then proceed to step 322, where the closing of the physical compartment 106 may be detected and the physical compartment 106 locked. By this mechanism and process, individual locks on the physical containers 107 become unnecessary and can be omitted, though they could still be used for an additional safeguard or alternative reason in certain circumstances.
Exemplary Method for Monitoring Remote Access to Medication
In step 402, a plurality of container records (e.g., container records 212) may be stored in a container database (e.g., the container database 210) of a remote medication management system (e.g., the remote medication management system 102), wherein each container record is related to a physical container 107 stored in a medication dispensing apparatus (e.g., the medication dispensing apparatus 104) and includes one or more inventory data entries related to a medication stored in the related physical container, each inventory data entry including at least a medication identifier. In step 404, user credentials associated with a user of the remote medication management system may be received by an input device (e.g., input device 244) of the remote medication management system, wherein the user credentials include at least an identification value.
In step 406, a specific medication identifier may be received by the input device of the remote medication management system. In step 408, access to a specific physical container 107 of a plurality of physical containers 107 stored in the medication dispensing apparatus may be detected by a detection module (e.g., the detection module 224) of the remote medication management system. In step 410, a query may be executed on the container database by a querying module (e.g., the querying module 222) of the remote medication management system to identify a specific container record related to the accessed specific physical container.
In step 412, a determination may be made by a determination module (e.g., the determination module 226) of the remote medication management system that the specific medication identifier is not included in any of the one or more inventory data entries included in the identified specific container record. In step 414, a data entry may be stored in an event log in a memory (e.g., the memory 208) of the remote medication management system related to the access to the specific physical container, wherein the data entry includes at least the identification value included in the user credentials.
In one embodiment, the data entry may further include at least the specific medication identifier and data identifying the accessed specific physical container. In some embodiments, the method 400 may also include electronically transmitting, by a transmitting device (e.g., the communications interface 204) of the remote medication management system, a signal to the medication dispensing apparatus to unlock a cabinet providing access to the specific physical container.
In one embodiment, the method 400 may further include electronically transmitting, by the transmitting device of the remote medication management system, a signal to the medication dispensing apparatus to activate an alarm of the medication dispensing apparatus. In a further embodiment, activation of the alarm may include displaying, on a display device (e.g., the display device 108) interfaced with the medication dispensing apparatus, an instruction to the user to re-inventory the accessed specific physical container.
In some embodiments, the method 400 may further include: receiving, by the input device of the remote medication management system, one or more medication identifiers; and executing, by the querying module of the remote medication management system, a second query on the container database to update the one or more inventory data entries included in the specific container record based on the received one or more medication identifiers. In a further embodiment, the data entry may further include any changes between the one or more inventory data entries included in the specific container record before and after the update.
Secured Storage System for Controlling Access to a Stored Material
In one embodiment, the medication dispensing apparatus may include a plurality of separated physical compartments (e.g., physical compartments 106), and each container record may include an associated physical compartment related to one of the plurality of separated physical compartments housing the related physical container. In a further embodiment, the method 400 may also include: executing, by the querying module of the remote medication management system, a query on the container database to identify a desired container record where the medication identifier included in one of the included one or more inventory data entries corresponds to the specific medication identifier; and electronically transmitting, by the transmitting device of the remote medication management system, a signal to the medication dispensing apparatus to unlock the associated physical compartment indicated in the identified desired container record. In an even further embodiment, the desired container record and specific container record may include a common associated physical compartment.
In another further embodiment, each of the plurality of separated physical compartments 106 may have a locking mechanism. In yet another further embodiment, a subset of the plurality of separated physical compartments 106 may have a locking mechanism and a remaining subset of the plurality of separated physical compartments 106 may not have a locking mechanism.
As previously described, in some cases the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may provide access to the physical containers 107 located within the physical compartments 106 via an instruction transmitted from the remote medication management system 102 to unlock one or more physical containers 107 for a user following authentication. Following the input of the order for medication, and, if applicable, authentication of the user, the medication dispensing apparatus 104 may unlock the physical compartment 106 that stores the requested physical container 107 as instructed by the remote medication management system 102, for example, via an electronic signal electronically transmitted therefrom using the suitable communication channel.
The electronic signal transmitted by the remote medication management system 102 may contain an instruction to unlock a first lock that locks the physical compartment 106 in the cabinet. As shown in
The electronic signal transmitted by the remote medication management system 102 may also contain an instruction to unlock a second lock to provide access to a medication or other material stored in a specific cube 500. A portion of the second locking mechanism of the second lock is arranged on the cube 500. Referring to
A front portion of the cube 500 includes a latch catch 510 including a through-hole 511 for attachment to the cube front wall of the cube 500. The latch catch 510 can include two resilient arms 512, each with hooks 514 for engaging with each of the latches 506 of the lid 504. In other embodiments, the lid 504 may include a different number of latches 506 and/or the latch catch 510 may be provided with a different number of resilient arms 512. A lid panel 516 is attached to the latch catch 510 and includes an elongated through-hole 518 as well as a lid panel protrusion 534. The lid panel protrusion 534 is for engaging with (i.e., is configured to engage) a lid switch 612 described hereafter. The lid panel 516 is arranged between a push button panel 522 and the latch catch 510. The push button panel 522 includes an elongated through-hole 524. A push button panel protrusion 520 is arranged on a bottom face of the push button panel 522 to engage with a blocker bar 604 described hereafter. The push button panel 522, the lid panel 516 and the latch catch 510 may be secured to each other and to the front face of the cube 500, for example, by a screw 526.
Guides 528 may be arranged on the front face 532 of the cube 500 to confine movement of the push button panel 522, the lid panel 516 and the latch catch 510 along a single axis, for example, up and down. The push button panel 522 includes a push button 530 arranged for engagement by a user. When a user engages the push button 530 to push the push button panel 522 down, the push button panel 522 is depressed within a range defined by elongated through-hole 524.
Situated beneath the cube 500 or a row of cubes is the row circuit board 602. The row circuit board 602 includes the blocker bar 604 which is arranged to slide on the row circuit board 602 via, for example, guides arranged thereon as channels 606 and screws/bushings 608. A groove may be formed on the cube bottom wall of the cube 500 to accommodate the blocker bar 604 and the row circuit board 602. The blocker bar 604 has formed thereon the channels 606 used to guide the blocker bar 604 over the circuit board 602 via the screws/bushings 608. The channels 606 are elongated to allow movement of the blocker bar 604 within a limited range. Apertures 610 may also be formed on the blocker bar 604.
Based on an access instruction signal received from the remote medication management system 102, the blocker bar 604 is positioned by a motor 622 along the circuit board 602 to align an aperture 610 with a corresponding push button panel protrusion 526 arranged on a cube 500 which corresponds to the signal received from the remote access management system 102 to unlock a particular cube 500. Any suitable motor, for example, a stepper motor, may be used to receive the access instruction signal from the remote access management system 102 and change the position of the blocker bar 604 to align the aperture 610 vertically beneath the push button panel protrusion 526 in an unlock position. In addition, the motor 622 may change the position of a blocker bar 604 to change the position of the aperture 610 so that the aperture 610 is not aligned vertically and is instead spaced apart from the push button panel protrusion 526. When the aperture 610 is aligned vertically beneath the push button panel protrusion 526, the push button panel protrusion 526 may be depressed through the aperture 610 by the user pushing the push button 530 on the push button panel 522. By doing so, the latch catches 510 can become disengaged from the latches 506 of the lid 504 so that the lid 504 can be urged open by the resilient member of the hinge 508. Thus, access to the contents of the cube 500 is allowed. When the aperture 610 is not aligned with the push button panel protrusion 526, the push button panel 522 is prevented from being depressed and the latches 506 of the lid 504 remain engaged with the latch catch 510. Thus, a user is prevented from accessing the contents of the cube 500.
In a further embodiment, the spacing of the apertures 610 on the blocker bar 604 may help ensure that only one cube 500 can be unlocked at any one time.
In addition, when the lid 504 is closed, the lid panel 516 is also pushed down and the lid panel protrusion 534 engages with a lid switch 612 arranged on the circuit board 602 to electronically transmit an electronic signal to the medication management system 102 indicating that the cube 500 has been closed.
Indicator lights, for example, LEDs 616 may be arranged on the circuit board 602. Upon receipt of the access instruction signal from the remote medication management system 102, an indicator LED 616 can be turned on to indicate an unlockable state (i.e., a state where the cube 500 is capable of being unlocked) of a respective second lock of each cube 500. In other words, the indicator LED 616 will be lit when the aperture 610 of the blocker bar 604 has been positioned vertically beneath a respective push button panel protrusion 526 of a cube 500 which is to be opened.
In a further embodiment, due to an arrangement wherein the cube 500 has a recessed cube front face 532, light from the indicator LED 616 can be prevented from scattering so that the push button 530 transmits the light to indicate to a user which container 107 is in an unlockable state. The push button panel 522 and the push button 530 are formed of a material, for example, clear plastic, which allows light from the LED 616 to be transmitted through the push button panel 522 to the push button 530. When an LED 616 is lit indicating an unlockable state, the corresponding push button 530 will be lit providing an indication to the user of the cube 500 to be accessed.
To relock the container, the user pushes the lid 504 into the closed position to cause the latches 506 of the lid 504 to reengage with the latch catch 510. After the push button panel 522 is pushed down, the push button panel 522 is urged back to a position where the push button panel protrusion 526 is not arranged in an aperture 610. The user can then push the physical compartment 106 back into the medication dispensing apparatus 104, which detects that the physical compartment 106 was returned to its initial position and instructs the medication dispensing apparatus 104 to lock the physical compartment 106, via the first lock.
In another further embodiment, the secure storage system can include at least one sensor 616 for determining a position of the blocker bar. For example, the sensor 616 can be an optical sensor positioned on the circuit board 602. The positioning logic may be a version of Gray encoder logic where only one optical switch of the sensor 616 changes at a time during positioning. When the blocker bar 604 is centered, all of the optical switches are blocked (closed). This configuration allows the remote medication management system 102 to check the locked state of all of the rows of cubes 500 without having to move the servos of the motor 622 for each row. But, if a blocker bar 604 is slightly out of position, one of the optical switches will be open and depending on which switch it is, the servo can be moved in the appropriate direction to adjust. When the blocker bar 604 is moved to unlock one of the cubes 500, the correct position is indicated by the transition of one switch state to another. Using this method, only three optical switches are required to accurately position the blocker bar 604 for six unlocked positions and one locked position, where all the cubes 500 are locked.
In another further embodiment, the blocker bar 604 can be positioned at an extreme of its travel range. In this position all of the cubes are locked, i.e. the aperture 610 of the blocker bar 604 is not positioned vertically beneath any respective push button panel protrusion 526 of a cube 500. First and second sensors, for example, optical sensors, can be provided. The first sensor is configured to detect regularly spaced slots that correspond to each cube position. The second sensor is configured to detect the end positions of the blocker bar 604. When the blocker bar 604 is, for example, all of the way forward, all of the cubes 500 are locked. The first sensor is closed and the second sensor is opened. To unlock the cube 500, the blocker bar 604 is moved backwards. The second sensor closes when the blocker bar is no longer, for example, all the way forward. A first sensor opens when it detects a slot. The first slot indicates a first cube 500 open position, a second slot indicates a second cube 500 open position, et cetera.
In another further embodiment, the medication dispensing apparatus 104 can include a plurality of physical compartments 106, wherein only one physical compartment 106 of the plurality of physical compartments 106 is configured to be unlocked at any one time.
In another further embodiment, each physical compartment 106 includes a plurality of rows, each row including a plurality of cubes 500. A row circuit board 602 is provided for each row. A blocker bar 604 is also provided for each row. Each blocker bar 604 includes an aperture 610 for each cube 500 in a respective row. Only one cube 500 is configured to be unlocked at any one time.
In a further embodiment, the motor 622 configured to receive the access instruction signal from the remote access management system 102 and change the position of a single blocker bar 604 can be a servo motor.
In a further exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in
According to another exemplary embodiment, the second lock can include a pocket latch 902 for each pocket 800. As shown in
The remote access management system 102 is configured to electronically transmit the access instruction signal to the motor. The motor 804 is configured to drive the slide latch assembly 906 from a starting position proximate the first terminal travel position to a position at a container corresponding to the access instruction signal. The pawl 908 is moved past the pocket latch 902 corresponding to the pocket 800 to be accessed. The motor 804 then reverses a travel direction of the slide latch assembly 906. While travelling the now reversed direction, the pawl 908 engages the pocket latch to rotate the pocket latch to release the latch catch 904 of the pocket 800. This progression of the pawl 908 to release the latch catch 904 is illustrated in
According to an exemplary embodiment, the slide latch assembly 906 travels a distance in the reverse direction that is sufficient to release only the latch catch 904 of the pocket 800 to be accessed and then stops. The pocket 800 can then be urged vertically upward by a resilient member to indicate to a user which pocket 800 is accessible. When the pocket 800 is urged upward, an open face 802 of the pocket 800 (which contains, for example, the blister pack) is exposed to the user. The motor then reverses the travel direction of the slide latch assembly 906 again to drive the slide latch assembly 906 to the second terminal travel position for engaging the pawl 908 with the pawl retracting tab 910 to place the pawl 908 in the retracted position. The motor then reverses the travel direction of the slide latch assembly 906 again to drive the slide latch assembly 906 while the pawl 908 is in the retracted position to the first terminal position. The pawl 908 engages with the pawl extending tab 912 to place the pawl 908 in the extended position. Now the process to unlock a pocket 800 can start again. A resilient member such as a spring 1002 is provided on the slide latch assembly 906 to hold the pawl 908 in the extended or retracted position. The resilient member is positioned in an over-center manner such that when the pawl 908 is extended the resilient member acts to keep it extended and when the pawl 908 is retracted it acts to keep the pawl retracted.
In a further embodiment, the latch catch 904 may include a hook for engaging the pocket latch and a beveled surface for sliding on the pocket latch 902. The bevel allows the pocket 800 to be returned to the locked position by pushing the pocket 800 down to allow the latch catch 904 to reengage with the pocket latch 902. A resilient member is arranged to provide torsional force to the pocket latch 902.
Hall sensors can be positioned at the extremes of travel for the slide latch assembly 906. Although the position of the slide latch assembly 906 can be known, for example, by counting how many steps the stepper motor takes, over time this can become inaccurate. Hall sensors are arranged to detect the presence of a magnet 918 on the slide latch assembly 906 and may be used to re-zero the stepper motor count at a known position.
In a further embodiment, a pocket switch 920 can detect when the pocket 800 is down in a closed position. It can also provide feedback to the software that the correct pocket 800 has been unlocked during the unlocking operation. The pocket switch can be, for example, a mechanical or optical switch.
Techniques consistent with the present disclosure provide, among other features, systems and methods for monitoring remote access to medication. While various exemplary embodiments of the disclosed system and method have been described above it should be understood that they have been presented for purposes of example only, not limitations. It is not exhaustive and does not limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practicing of the disclosure, without departing from the breadth or scope.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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| PCT/US2017/063951 | 11/30/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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| WO2018/102548 | 6/7/2018 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20210125440 A1 | Apr 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 15364784 | Nov 2016 | US |
| Child | 16605137 | US |
