Patent Application
20190017264
The present invention relates to a seismic isolation apparatus and more particularly to an apparatus which is disposed between two structures to reduce vibration acceleration from one structure to another by absorbing relative vibrational energy between the two structures, specifically to a seismic isolation apparatus for preventing damage to a structure such as a building, a bridge, and the like by reducing seismic input acceleration by attenuating seismic energy.
A seismic isolation apparatus is known which is comprised of a laminated body having alternately laminated elastic layers and rigid layers and a hollow portion defined by inner peripheral surfaces of these elastic layers and rigid layers, as well as a lead plug (lead column) disposed in the hollow portion of this laminated body and formed of lead as a damping material for damping the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body by absorbing vibrational energy in the shearing direction of the laminated body through deformation.
Such a seismic isolation apparatus is adapted to attenuate through the deformation of the lead plug the vibration in the horizontal direction of the structure with respect to one end in a laminated direction of the laminated body attributable to an earthquake, and also to suppress through the shear deformation of the laminated body the transmission, to the structure, of the vibration in the horizontal direction of the one end in the laminated direction of the laminated body ascribable to the earthquake.
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2009-8181
Incidentally, in the seismic isolation apparatus of this type, plastic flow of lead which forms the lead plug occurs in the deformation of the lead plug corresponding to the shear deformation of the laminated body, and this plastic flow takes place via one end of the lead plug disposed at one end of the hollow portion which is defined by an inner peripheral surface of the rigid layer at one end of the laminated body and by a surface of a closure member for closing the one end in the laminated direction of the hollow portion, with the result that the seismic isolation effect can be improved by allowing the plastic flow to effectively take place at the one end of the lead plug at the one end of this hollow portion.
Such plastic flow at the one end of the hollow portion is not limited to the lead of the lead plug for absorbing vibrational energy in the shearing direction of the laminated body through plastic deformation, but can also occur in a vibration damping member formed of other damping material which damps the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body by absorbing vibrational energy in the shearing direction of the laminated body through the plastic flow itself.
The present invention has been devised in view of the above-described aspects, and its object is to provide a seismic isolation apparatus which, in the deformation of the vibration damping member in the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body, is capable of effectively guiding and assisting the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at one end of the hollow portion and of further ensuring the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at the one end of the hollow portion, thereby making it possible to improve the seismic isolation effect.
A seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises: a laminated body having alternately laminated elastic layers and rigid layers; a hollow portion provided in an interior of the laminated body in a hermetically closed manner and extending in a laminated direction; a vibration damping member which is densely filled in the hollow portion and is adapted to damp the vibration in a shearing direction of the laminated body by absorbing vibrational energy in the shearing direction of the laminated body; and a closure member which closes one end in the laminated direction of the hollow portion and has a flow guiding concave surface which comes into contact with one end portion in the laminated direction of the vibration damping member, in order to guide and assist the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at one end portion in the laminated direction of the hollow portion in the deformation of the vibration damping member due to the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body, the hollow portion being defined by inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and by the flow guiding concave surface.
According to the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention, the closure member, which closes the one end in the laminated direction of the hollow portion in which the vibration damping member is densely filled for damping the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body by absorbing vibrational energy in the shearing direction of the laminated body, has the flow guiding concave surface which comes into contact with the one end portion in the laminated direction of the vibration damping member, in order to guide and assist the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at the one end portion in the laminated direction of the hollow portion in the deformation of the vibration damping member due to the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body. Therefore, in the deformation in the vibration damping member due to the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body, it is possible to effectively guide and assist the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at the one end portion of the hollow portion, and it is possible to more effectively ensure the plastic flow of the one end portion of the vibration damping member at the one end portion of the hollow portion, thereby making possible to further improve the seismic isolation effect.
In the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention, the flow guiding concave surface may have any form insofar as the flow guiding concave surface is capable of guiding and assisting the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at one end portion in the laminated direction of the hollow portion in the deformation of the vibration damping member due to the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body. In a preferred example, however, the hollow portion includes a columnar hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a semispherical hollow portion defined by the flow guiding concave surface, and the flow guiding concave surface has a semispherical concave surface. In another preferred example, the hollow portion includes a columnar hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a truncated conical hollow portion defined by the flow guiding concave surface, and the flow guiding concave surface has a semispherical concave surface and a flat surface connected continuously to the semispherical concave surface. In still another preferred example, the hollow portion includes a quadrangular prism-like hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a semicolumnar hollow portion defined by the flow guiding concave surface, and the flow guiding concave surface has a semicylindrical concave surface. In a further preferred example, the hollow portion includes a quadrangular prism-like hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a rectangular base-shaped hollow portion defined by the flow guiding concave surface, and the flow guiding concave surface has a pair of semicylindrical concave surfaces and a flat surface connected continuously to each of the pair of semicylindrical concave surfaces.
The seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention may further comprise: another closure member which closes another end in the laminated direction of the hollow portion and has another flow guiding concave surface which comes into contact with another end portion in the laminated direction of the vibration damping member, in order to guide and assist the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at another end portion in the laminated direction of the hollow portion in the deformation of the vibration damping member due to the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body. In this case, the hollow portion is further defined by the other flow guiding concave surface.
In the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention which further comprises the other closure member having the other flow guiding concave surface, in the deformation in the vibration damping member due to the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body, it is also possible to effectively guide and assist the plastic flow of the other end portion of the vibration damping member at the other end portion of the hollow portion, and it is possible to more effectively ensure the plastic flow of the other end portion of the vibration damping member at the other end portion of the hollow portion, thereby making possible to further improve the seismic isolation effect.
In the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention which further comprises such other closure member, in a preferred example, the hollow portion includes a columnar hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a semispherical hollow portion defined by the other flow guiding concave surface, and the other flow guiding concave surface has a semispherical concave surface. In another preferred example, the hollow portion includes a columnar hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a truncated conical hollow portion defined by the other flow guiding concave surface, and the other flow guiding concave surface has a semispherical concave surface and a flat surface connected continuously to the semispherical concave surface. In still another preferred example, the hollow portion includes a quadrangular prism-like hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a semicolumnar hollow portion defined by the other flow guiding concave surface, and the other flow guiding concave surface has a semicylindrical concave surface. In a further preferred example, the hollow portion includes a quadrangular prism-like hollow portion defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the elastic layers and the rigid layers and a rectangular base-shaped hollow portion defined by the other flow guiding concave surface, and the other flow guiding concave surface has a pair of semicylindrical concave surfaces and a flat surface connected continuously to each of the pair of semicylindrical concave surfaces.
In the case of the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention in which the hollow portion includes a columnar hollow portion and a semispherical hollow portion or a truncated conical hollow portion, it is possible to more effectively ensure the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at one end or the other end of the hollow portion in correspondence with the deformation of the laminated body in various shearing directions. Meanwhile, in the case of the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention in which the hollow portion includes a quadrangular prism-like hollow portion and a semicolumnar hollow portion or a rectangular base-shaped hollow portion, it is possible to more effectively ensure the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at one end or the other end of the hollow portion in correspondence with the deformation of the laminated body in a shearing direction perpendicular to a center line of the cylindrical concave surface defining the semicolumnar hollow portion or the rectangular base-shaped hollow portion. Thus, in the former case, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation apparatus having non-directionality with respect to the shear deformation of the laminated body, whereas, in the latter case, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation apparatus having directionality with respect to the shear deformation of the laminated body.
In the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention, in a preferred example, the vibration damping member is formed of a damping material which effects absorption of vibrational energy through deformation, and such a damping material may be constituted of lead, tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, nickel, or an alloy thereof, or may be constituted of lead, tin, or a non-lead-based low melting point alloy (e.g., a tin-containing alloy selected from a tin-zinc-based alloy, a tin-bismuth-based alloy, and a tin-indium-based alloy; specifically, such as a tin-bismuth alloy containing 42 to 43 wt. % of tin and 57 to 58 wt. % of bismuth), or may be constituted of a superplastic alloy of a zinc-aluminum alloy or the like. In another preferred example, the vibration damping member is formed of a damping material which effects absorption of vibrational energy through plastic flow, and such a damping material which absorbs vibrational energy through plastic flow may include a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin and a rubber powder. As a preferred example of the thermoplastic resin, it is possible to cite a tackifier resin. The thermosetting resin may preferably include a phenolic resin such as a resol type phenolic resin obtained by reacting various phenols and formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and a novolak type phenolic resin obtained by reacting in the presence of an acid catalyst. The thermosetting resin may be finely pulverized by deformation in the recurring vibrations of the vibration damping member after curing. The vibration damping member formed of such a damping material may have a single lumpy body or may alternatively have the form of such as split laminated bodies which are split and laminated in the laminated direction or a compressed body obtained by compressing a granular or powdery damping material.
As the material of the elastic layer in the seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to cite rubbers such as natural rubber, silicone rubber, highly damping rubber, urethane rubber, or chloroprene rubber, but natural rubber is preferable. Each of the elastic layers such as rubber plates formed of such a rubber preferably has a thickness of 1 mm to 30 mm or thereabouts in a no-load condition, but the invention is not limited to the same. In addition, as preferred examples of the rigid layer, it is possible to cite a steel plate, a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin plate using a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, an aramid fiber, or the like, a fiber-reinforced hard rubber plate, and the like. Each of the rigid layers may have a thickness of 1 mm to 6 mm or thereabouts, or the uppermost and lowermost rigid layers in the laminated direction may have a thickness of, for example, 10 mm to 50 mm or thereabouts, which thickness is greater than the rigid layers other than the uppermost and lowermost rigid layers, i.e., those disposed between the uppermost and lowermost rigid layers, but the invention is not limited to the same. In addition, the elastic layers and the rigid layers in terms of their numbers are not particularly limited, and the numbers of the elastic layers and the rigid layers may be determined to obtain stable seismic isolation characteristics from the viewpoints of the load of a seismic isolation object, the amount of shear deformation (amount of horizontal strain), the modulus of elasticity of the elastic layers, and the estimated magnitude of vibration acceleration to the seismic isolation object.
In addition, in the present invention, the hollow portion provided in the interior of the laminated body in a hermetically closed manner may be singular, but may alternatively be plural, and the seismic isolation apparatus may be constructed such that vibration damping members are respectively disposed in these hollow portions, and all or some of the plurality of hollow portions are defined by the inner peripheral surfaces of the above-described elastic layers and rigid layers and flow guiding concave surfaces, so that the vibration damping members in said all or some of the plurality of hollow portions are restricted by these inner peripheral surfaces and flow guiding concave surfaces.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation apparatus which, in the deformation of the vibration damping member in the vibration in the shearing direction of the laminated body, is capable of effectively guiding and assisting the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at one end of the hollow portion and of further ensuing the plastic flow of the vibration damping member at the one end of the hollow portion, thereby making it possible to improve the seismic isolation effect.
Hereafter, a detailed description will be given of the mode for carrying out the invention on the basis of preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
In
The steel plates 3 include uppermost and lowermost annular steel plates 3a and 3b as viewed in the laminated direction A and a plurality of annular steel plates 3c between the steel plates 3a and 3b in the laminated direction A. The steel plates 3a and 3b respectively have thicknesses which are identical to each other and are greater than the respective thickness of the steel plates 3c, and the plurality of steel plates 3c respectively have thicknesses which are identical to each other and are smaller than the respective thickness of the steel plates 3a and 3b.
In the laminated body 7 having a cylindrical outer peripheral surface constituted by a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 25 of the coating layer 6, the rubber plates 2, the steel plates 3, and the coating layer 6 are respectively vulcanization bonded to each other and are integrated.
The hollow portion 8 includes a columnar hollow portion 34 defined by a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 33 which is constituted by respective annular inner peripheral surfaces 31 of the rubber plates 2 and respective annular inner peripheral surfaces 32 of the steel plates 3c; a semispherical hollow portion 35 defined by the semispherical concave surface 12 and connected continuously to one end face of the columnar hollow portion 34 in the laminated direction A; and a semispherical hollow portion 36 defined by the semispherical concave surface 17 and connected continuously to another end face of the columnar hollow portion 34 in the laminated direction A.
The lead plug 9, which is formed of lead with a purity of 99.9% or thereabouts as a damping material for absorbing vibrational energy through deformation, includes a columnar portion 42 having a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 41 which is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface 33 without a clearance; a semispherical portion 43 as the one end portion 11 having a semispherical convex surface 46 which is continuously connected to one end face of the columnar portion 42 in the laminated direction A and is in close contact with the semispherical concave surface 12 without a clearance; and a semispherical portion 45 as the other end portion 16 having a semispherical convex surface 44 which is continuously connected to the other end face of the columnar portion 42 in the laminated direction A and is in close contact with the semispherical concave surface 17 without a clearance.
In addition to the semispherical concave surface 12 having the same radius of curvature as the radius of the inner peripheral surface 33, the lid member 14 includes a cylindrical surface 51 having the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33 and a circular surface 52 opposed to the semispherical concave surface 12 in the laminated direction A and having the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33. Also, in addition to the semispherical concave surface 17 having the same radius of curvature as the radius of the inner peripheral surface 33, the lid member 19 includes a cylindrical surface 55 having the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33 and a circular surface 56 opposed to the semispherical concave surface 12 in the laminated direction A and having the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33.
The upper mounting plate 21 for mounting the seismic isolation apparatus 1 to a superstructure 61, i.e., one structure, via a plurality of anchor bolts 62 has a circular through hole 64 defined by a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 63 having the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33 and is fixed at a lower surface 67 to an upper surface 66 of the steel plate 3a via a plurality of bolts 65. The upper mounting plate 21 having the through hole 64 in the center has a plurality of through holes 68 and 69 into which the anchor bolts 62 and the bolts 65 are respectively inserted and which are arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction R. The lower mounting plate 23 for mounting the seismic isolation apparatus 1 to a substructure 71, i.e., another structure, via a plurality of anchor bolts 72 has a through hole 74 defined by an inner peripheral surface 73 having the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33 and is fixed at an upper surface 77 to a lower surface 76 of the steel plate 3b via a plurality of bolts 75. The lower mounting plate 23 having the through hole 74 in the center has a plurality of through holes 78 and 79 into which the anchor bolts 72 and the bolts 75 are respectively inserted and which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction R.
The lid member 14 is fixed to the upper mounting plate 21 by welding or the like by being fitted to the steel plate 3a and the upper mounting plate 21 without a clearance, the lid member 14 being fitted in a circular through hole 82 of the steel plate 3a defined by the inner peripheral surface 32 of the steel plate 3a connected continuously to the inner peripheral surface 33 with the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33 and in the though hole 64 communicating with the through hole 82, such that the circular surface 52 thereof is flush with an annular upper surface 81 of the upper mounting plate 21. The lid member 19 is fixed to the lower mounting plate 23 by welding or the like by being fitted to the steel plate 3b and the lower mounting plate 23, the lid member 19 being fitted in a circular through hole 86 of the steel plate 3b defined by the inner peripheral surface 32 of the steel plate 3b connected continuously to the inner peripheral surface 33 with the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 33 and in the circular though hole 74 communicating with the through hole 86, such that the circular surface 56 thereof is flush with an annular lower surface 85 of the lower mounting plate 23.
In the above-described seismic isolation apparatus 1 which is interposed between the superstructure 61 and the substructure 71 in the laminated direction A and receives the vertical load of the superstructure 61, the laminated body 7 and the lead plug 9 are subjected to shear deformation in the shearing direction B, as shown in
In the seismic isolation apparatus 1, the lid member 14, which closes the one end 13 in the laminated direction A of the hollow portion 8 in which the lead plug 9 is densely filled for damping the vibration in the shearing direction B of the laminated body 7 by absorbing vibrational energy in the shearing direction B of the laminated body 7, has the semispherical concave surface 12 which comes into contact with the one end portion 11 constituted by the semispherical portion 43 in the laminated direction A of the lead plug 9, in order to guide and assist the plastic flow C of the lead plug 9 at the one end portion 10 in the laminated direction A of the hollow portion 8 in the deformation in the shearing direction B of the lead plug 9 due to the vibration in the shearing direction B of the laminated body 7. Meanwhile, the lid member 19, which closes the other end 18 in the laminated direction A of that hollow portion 8, has the semispherical concave surface 17 which comes into contact with the other end portion 16 constituted by the semispherical portion 45 in the laminated direction A of the lead plug 9, in order to guide and assist the plastic flow D of the lead plug 9 at the other end portion 15 in the laminated direction A of the hollow portion 8 in the deformation in the shearing direction B of the lead plug 9 due to the vibration in the shearing direction B of the laminated body 7. Therefore, in the deformation in the shearing direction B of the lead plug 9 due to the vibration in the shearing direction B of the laminated body 7, it is possible to effectively guide and assist the plastic flow C and D of the one end portion 11 and the other end portion 16 of the lead plug 9 at the one end portion 10 and the other end portion 15 of the hollow portion 8 owing to the deformation in the shearing direction B of that lead plug 9, and it is possible to more effectively ensure the plastic flow C and D of the one end portion 11 and the other end portion 16 of the lead plug 9 at the one end portion 10 constituted by the semispherical hollow portion 35 of the hollow portion 8 and the other end portion 15 constituted by the semispherical hollow portion 36 thereof, thereby making possible to further improve the seismic isolation effect.
In the above-described seismic isolation apparatus 1, the hollow portion 8 has the columnar hollow portion 34 and the semispherical hollow portions 35 and 36. Alternatively, however, as shown in
Also with the seismic isolation apparatus 1 shown in
In the above-described seismic isolation apparatus 1, the lead plug 9 as a vibration damping member includes the columnar portion 42 and the semispherical portions 43 and 45 or the truncated conical portions 125 and 126. Alternatively, however, as shown in
Also with the seismic isolation apparatus 1 having the lead plug 9, the hollow portion 8 filled with that lead plug 9 without a clearance, and the lid members 141 and 151, as shown in
In addition, in the lid member 141, as shown in
Also with the seismic isolation apparatus 1 having the lid members 141 and 151 and the lead plug 9, shown in
The seismic isolation apparatus 1 having the lead plug 9 such as the one shown in
In addition, in substitution of the lid members 14 and 19, the led plug 9, and the hollow portion 8 shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-017538 | Feb 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/002600 | 1/25/2017 | WO | 00 |
