Self-Cleaning Cover Plate in a Pump with Radial Flow

Abstract

The invention relates to a cover plate (2) for a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump (1), wherein the cover plate (2) has a front side (2h) and a rear side (2i), and wherein the front side (2h) comprises a surface part (2k) which runs in a preferably frustoconical manner and the profile of which is designed to be matched to the rear side of a screw-type centrifugal wheel (25), wherein the surface part (2k) has, in the centre thereof, a central opening (2g), wherein the central opening (2g) runs in the direction of an axis (A), and wherein the cover plate (2) has at least one aperture (2a) which is arranged in the region of the surface part (2k) and spaced apart from the central opening (2g), and wherein the aperture (2a) forms a fluid-conducting connection between the front side (2h) and the rear side (2i) of the cover plate (2).

Description

The invention relates to a cover plate for a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump, to a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump comprising a cover plate of this type, and to a method for cleaning a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump comprising a cover plate of this type.

PRIOR ART

Document CH 662 864 discloses a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump, the screw-type centrifugal wheel being mounted rotatably on a rotational pin. The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump has a cavity in the region of the connection between the screw-type centrifugal wheel and the rotational pin. This embodiment, which is very established per se, of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump has the disadvantage that contaminants can be deposited and can accumulate within the cavity. This results in an increased wear and/or an increased outlay on maintenance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to configure a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump and to propose a method for cleaning a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump, which have more advantageous properties with regard to the accumulation of contaminants.

This object is achieved by way of a cover plate for a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump having the features of claim 1. Subclaims 2 to 9 relate to further, advantageous embodiments. Furthermore, the object is achieved by way of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump having the features of claim 10. Claims 11 and 12 relate to further, advantageous embodiments.

Furthermore, the object is achieved by way of a method for self-cleaning of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump having the features of claim 13. Claim 14 relates to a further, advantageous method step.

The object is achieved, in particular, by way of a cover plate for a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump, the cover plate having a front side and a rear side, and the front side comprising a preferably frustoconically extending part surface, the form of which is configured so as to be adapted to the rear side of a screw-type centrifugal wheel, the part surface having a central opening in its center, the central opening extending in the direction of an axis, and the cover plate having at least one aperture which is arranged in the region of the part surface and spaced apart from the central opening, and the aperture forming a fluid-conducting connection between the front side and the rear side of the cover plate.

A screw-type centrifugal wheel pump having the cover plate according to the invention has the advantage that, during the pump operation, a part flow is formed which flows from the front side to the rear side of the cover plate and subsequently flows again to the front side of the cover plate along a central opening of the cover plate, with the result that a cleaning flow is formed which is capable of conveying any contaminants which are situated or accumulated in the cavity behind the cover plate at least partially to the front side of the cover plate again, with the result that said contaminants can be conveyed away via the main flow of the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump.

The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump according to the invention comprises a rotatably mounted screw-type centrifugal wheel and a cover plate which is arranged immediately next to the screw-type centrifugal wheel and has a central opening, a hub or a drive shaft of the screw-type centrifugal wheel preferably extending through the central opening. A fluid-conducting gap is formed between the central opening and the hub or the drive shaft. The rotating of the screw-type centrifugal wheel in the rotational direction causes a fluid to be conveyed along a main flow, which results in a part flow of the fluid flowing to the rear side of the cover plate via an aperture which is spaced apart with regard to the central opening, and in said part flow subsequently flowing back to the main flow via the fluid-conducting gap, on account of the pressure difference which prevails between the aperture and the fluid-conducting gap. Said part flow forms a cleaning fluid flow which, in particular, flows through the rear-side space of the cover plate and feeds any contaminants which are present to the main flow.

On the side which faces the screw-type centrifugal wheel or the part face which faces the screw-type centrifugal wheel, the cover plate preferably runs in accordance with the form of the rear side of the screw-type centrifugal wheel, with the result that the part face preferably runs frustoconically or flatly; the part face could also have a different profile shape, for example a curved or polyhedral form.

In the following text, the invention will be described in detail using exemplary embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings which are used to explain the exemplary embodiments:

FIG. 1 shows a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump which is known from the prior art,

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a part view of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump with one exemplary embodiment of a cover disk,

FIGS. 3 to 5 show apertures which run in different ways,

FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a cover disk,

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the cover disk which is shown in FIG. 6,

FIG. 8 shows a section through the cover disk according to FIG. 6 along the line A-A,

FIG. 9 shows a section through a further exemplary embodiment of a cover disk,

FIGS. 10, 11 diagrammatically show a section through two further exemplary embodiments of cover disks, and

FIG. 12 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of a cover disk.

In principle, identical parts are provided with identical designations in the drawings.

WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump, which embodiment is known from the prior art and is disclosed in document CH 662 864. FIG. 1 shows an axial section through the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump comprising a screw-type centrifugal wheel with a hub 21 and a blade-type centrifugal wheel 25, comprising a drive shaft 33 which is connected fixedly to the hub 21, and comprising a housing rear wall 23 which is arranged behind the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25, and a housing outer wall 3 which surrounds the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 in the circumferential direction. An outlet opening 36 is provided in the housing rear wall 23 in the vicinity of the drive shaft 33, in order that gases can escape which are entrained in the conveying medium and are separated against the rotor rotational center and pass into the interior 37 through the gap on the rear side of the rotor between the rotor hub 21 and the housing rear wall 23. The gap between the rotor hub 21 and the housing rear wall 23 is configured as a labyrinth, the labyrinth structure both on the hub side and on the side of the housing rear wall being interrupted by means of a transverse groove 38, in order that a self-cleaning action is produced and no entrained solids pass into the interior 37 and the outlet opening 36.

It has been shown, however, that contaminants can pass into the interior 37 despite this measure, it being possible for said contaminants to be deposited and to accumulate in the interior 37, with the result that cleaning of the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump is required at certain time intervals.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of one exemplary embodiment of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 according to the invention. The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 comprises a pump housing 3 with an inlet opening 38 or a pump inflow opening 3a, an outlet 3b and a housing interior 3c, and, furthermore, comprises a hub 21 which is connected to a blade-type centrifugal wheel 25 which is shown only diagrammatically and using dashed lines, and which hub 21 is mounted rotatably via a drive shaft 33 which can be rotated about an axis A. The connection between the drive shaft 33 and the hub is shown only diagrammatically. The blade-type centrifugal wheel 25 and the hub 21 could also be configured as a single, common part, as shown in FIG. 1. In the exemplary embodiment which is shown, the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 additionally comprises a conical inner housing 4 with an inlet opening 4a and a spacer ring 5. The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 additionally comprises a housing rear wall 23 with an outlet opening 36 and a seal 6. The outlet opening 36 serves for maintenance purposes and is usually closed from the outside by way of a plug during the operation of the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1. During the rotation of the blade-type centrifugal wheel 25, a main flow F is produced which leads to the outlet 3b via the inlet opening 3a. The conveyed main flow F comprises a fluid, preferably water and possibly gases such as water vapor, the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 being used to convey contaminated water in one preferred use, with the result that the main flow F can also comprise solids, for example feces, sand, grit, textiles, fibers, plastic parts, etc.

The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 additionally comprises a cover plate 2 which is arranged immediately behind the hub 21 or the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 in the direction of the extent of the axis A. The cover plate 2 has a front side 2h and a rear side 2i, the front side 2h having a substantially frustoconically extending part surface 2k in the exemplary embodiment which is shown, the form of which part surface 2k is configured so as to be adapted to the rear side of a screw-type centrifugal wheel 25, the part surface 2k having a central opening 2g in its center, the central opening 2g extending parallel in the direction of the axis A. The hub 21 runs through the central opening 2g, with the result that a gap 2b which runs in the direction of the axis A is formed between the central opening 2g and the hub 21. The hub 21 additionally has a protrusion which covers the part surface 2k partially, with the result that a gap 2e which runs transversely with regard to the axis A is formed between the hub 21 and the part surface 2k. The cover plate 2 has at least one aperture 2a which is arranged in the region of the part surface 2k spaced apart from the central opening 2g, the aperture 2a forming a fluid-conducting connection between the front side 2h and the rear side 2i of the cover plate 2. During the pump operation, or during the rotation of the blade-type centrifugal wheel 25 in the rotational direction R, the fluid in the region of the aperture 2a has a higher pressure than in the region of the central opening 2g, as a result of which a part flow F1 is produced, by part of the main flow F flowing as part flow F1 through the opening 2a to the rear side 2i of the cover plate 2, and subsequently flowing into the main flow F again via the gap 2b and optionally the gap 2e. Said part flow F1 causes contaminants which are situated in the interior 37 to be conveyed out of the latter and to be fed to the main flow F.

The hub 21 could also be configured without a protrusion, with the result that no transversely extending gap 2e is formed. The hub 21 could also be spaced apart with regard to the part surface 2k in such a way that no transversely extending gap 2e is formed. The drive shaft 33 could also be moved further forward, with the result that the gap 2b is formed at least partially or else exclusively between the cover plate 2 and the drive shaft 33.

The cover plate 2 has a front side 2h which is oriented toward the pump inflow opening 3a, and the front side 2h preferably comprising a part surface 2k, the form of which is configured so as to be adapted to the rear side 25a of the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 in such a way that a gap 2e of a maximum of up to 3 mm, preferably a gap 2e in the range between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, is formed between the front side 2h of the cover plate 2 and the rear side 25a of the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25.

The cover plate 2 has at least one aperture 2a and preferably at least two apertures 2a. The apertures 2a are advantageously arranged symmetrically with regard to the axis A in the part surface 2k. The apertures 2a can be configured in a multiplicity of possible ways. The aperture 2a which is shown in FIG. 2 at the bottom is shown in FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale. A flow F2 flows on the front side 2h of the cover plate 2. The opening 2 comprises an inlet opening 21, the cross section of which forms an inlet area 2m. The part flow F1 flows through the aperture 2a to the rear side 2i of the cover plate 2. The part flow F1 is deflected when flowing into the aperture 2a, which results in the advantage that solids which are situated in the flow F2 can flow into the aperture 2a with greater difficulty. As a result, the part flow F1 is cleaned at least partially of solids, because the solids remain at least partially in the flow F2 and are carried away by the latter.

FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an aperture 2a. In contrast to the embodiment which is shown in FIG. 3, the aperture 2a which is shown in FIG. 4 is arranged so as to run in such a way that the part flow F1 is deflected with regard to the flow F2 which occurs on the front side 2h of the cover plate 2, in such a way that said part flow F1 experiences a partial flow reversal. The aperture 2a which runs in such a way has the advantage that solids can pass less easily through the aperture 2a to the rear side 2i of the cover plate 2.

The aperture 2a which is shown in FIG. 2 at the top is shown in FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale. A depression 2c which opens into the aperture 2a is arranged on the front side 2h of the cover plate 2, the aperture 2a forming an inlet opening 21 with an inlet area 2m, with the result that the inlet opening 21 is arranged in the depression 2c. The inlet opening 21 or the inlet area 2m can be arranged in a wide variety of ways, but advantageously as shown in FIG. 5, in such a way that the part flow F1 is deflected and experiences an at least partial flow reversal with regard to the flow F2 which occurs on the front side 2h of the cover plate 2. The inlet opening 21 which is arranged in such a way has the advantage that solids can pass less easily through the aperture 2a to the rear side 2i of the cover plate 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the inlet area 2m is arranged in one advantageous embodiment in such a way that it runs parallel or substantially parallel to the axis A. FIG. 5 does not show the axis A per se, but rather the direction of the extent of the axis A. As shown in FIG. 5, the inlet area 2m is arranged in a further advantageous embodiment in such a way that it runs perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly with respect to the rotational direction R of the drive shaft 33, the inlet area 2m being arranged so as to face away from the rotational direction R.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show one exemplary embodiment of a cover plate 2 in a plan view, in a perspective view and in a section along the sectional line B-B. In one advantageous refinement, the depression 2c, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, can be configured at least partially by a hole which runs substantially perpendicularly or perpendicularly with respect to the axis A. FIG. 6 shows the course of the axis A and the preferred rotational direction R. It can therefore be seen from FIG. 6 that the inlet area 2m runs parallel to the axis A and perpendicularly with respect to the rotational direction R. FIG. 8 shows a section of the cover plate 2 with front side 2h, rear side 2i and central opening 2g. The apertures 2a are arranged in the frustoconically or substantially frustoconically extending part surface 2k, the apertures 2a always being arranged spaced apart from the central opening 2g. As shown in FIG. 3, the apertures 2a could also run perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly with regard to the part surface 2k or, as shown in FIG. 4, could run transversely with regard to the part surface 2k.

In one advantageous embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the cover plate 2 has a depression which runs in the circumferential direction, in particular a spirally extending depression 2d which, advantageously beginning in the region of the central opening 2g, runs along the part surface 2h to the outside. As shown in FIG. 6, the depression 2d advantageously extends spirally in the rotational direction R from the inside to the outside. This refinement has the advantage that a contaminant which is conveyed with the aid of the part flow F1 via the central opening 2g or the gap 2b to the front side 2h of the cover plate 2 is conveyed along the depression 2d toward the periphery of the part surface 2k. The hub 21 which rotates in the rotational direction R above the part surface 2k or the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 which rotates in the rotational direction R additionally helps to move the contaminant which is situated in the depression 2d or on the part surface 2k in the rotational direction R and to convey it to the outside with regard to the part surface 2k, until the contaminant passes to the main flow F and is captured by the latter and carried away. An arrangement of the aperture 2a as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 is therefore particularly advantageous. It can be seen, in particular, from FIG. 6 that the contaminant is moved substantially in the rotational direction R, the aperture 2a being arranged in a depression 2c and the inlet area 2m being oriented such that it faces away from the rotational direction R, with the result that contaminants, even if they flow via the depression 2c, scarcely flow, or do not flow at all, through the aperture 2a on account of the flow conditions and the movement direction of the contaminants, but rather are fed to the main flow F.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the cover plate 2 can additionally have a depression 2f which runs along the edge region and is provided, in particular, for receiving an O-ring and therefore for sealing purposes.

FIG. 9 shows a section of a further exemplary embodiment of a cover plate 2 which, in contrast to the section which is shown in FIG. 8, has a flatly extending part surface 2k, however. Otherwise, the cover plate 2 is of similar configuration to the embodiment which is shown in FIG. 8, by the cover plate 2 according to FIG. 9 also having a depression 2c which opens into an opening 2a. If the spirally extending depression 2d is imagined to be missing, FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the cover plate 2 which is shown in FIG. 9. However, the cover plate 2 which is shown in FIG. 9 could also have a spirally extending depression 2d, with the result that a plan view of said embodiment would look the same as shown in FIG. 6. The cover plate 2 which is shown in FIG. 9 additionally has a central opening 2g and a front side 2h and a rear side 2i. The front side 2h or the part surface 2k can run in a multiplicity of possible ways, for example in a curved manner, as is shown in FIG. 10 diagrammatically in a section, or in a polyhedral manner, as shown in FIG. 11 diagrammatically in a section. In the most preferred embodiment, the part surface extends frustoconically, as shown in FIG. 8.

In one advantageous refinement, the cover plate 2 is configured as a cast piece, the depression 2c and advantageously also the aperture 2a or the inlet opening 21 already forming part of the cast piece which has not yet been machined. In order to finish the cover plate 2, it is then substantially still necessary to machine the front side 2h, in particular by way of machining with the removal of material. A cover plate 2 produced from a cast piece which is configured in this way has the advantage that no extra costs or only very low extra costs result during the production, since the machining of the cover plate 2 with the removal of material is necessary in any case. The cover plate 2 which is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, comprising two depressions 2c with apertures 2a, can therefore be produced with negligibly small additional costs, in comparison with cover plates 2 without apertures 2a.

The method according to the invention makes the self-cleaning action of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 possible. Here, the screw-type centrifugal wheel pump 1 has a rotatably mounted screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 and a cover plate 2 which is arranged immediately next to or behind the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 and has a central opening 2g, a hub 21 of the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 or a pin 33 which mounts the screw-type centrifugal wheel 15 extending through the central opening 2g, with the result that a fluid-conducting gap 2b is formed between the central opening 2g and the hub 21 or the pin 33. If the screw-type centrifugal wheel 25 is rotated in the rotational direction R and, as a result, a fluid is conveyed along a main flow F, a part flow F1 of the fluid will flow to the rear side 2i of the cover plate 2 via an aperture 2a which is spaced apart with regard to the central opening 2g, and said part flow F1 will subsequently flow to the main flow F again via the gap 2b, on account of the pressure difference which prevails between the aperture 2a and the gap 2b. Said part flow F1 conveys any contaminants which are situated in the space behind the cover plate 2 to the main flow F again. On the part surface 2k of its front side 2h, the cover plate 2 advantageously has a spirally extending depression 2d, which spirally extends in the rotational direction R from the inside to the outside, with the result that the part flow F1 which exits from the gap 2b and the contaminants which are possibly situated in it are fed to the main flow F via the spirally extending depression 2d.

In the exemplary embodiments which are shown, the cover plate 2 and the housing rear wall 23 are always shown as separate parts. The cover plate 2 and the housing rear wall 23 could also be configured in a single piece, for example by being produced from a single part, for example a cast part. A single cast part of this type, comprising both the cover plate 2 and the housing rear wall 23, has the advantage that it can be produced inexpensively, and that a seal is no longer required between the cover plate 2 and the housing rear wall 23. This makes a particularly low-maintenance embodiment possible.

FIG. 12 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of the cover plate 2 which has already been shown in FIG. 6. The opening 2a or the inlet area 2m once again extends parallel to the axis A, the opening 2a or the inlet area 2m extending such that it is inclined by an angle α, in contrast to FIG. 6, with regard to a straight line L which extends radially through the axis A, the angle α preferably having a value in the range from ±60 degrees.

The cover plate 2 could also comprise a metal sheet.

Claims

1. A cover plate (2) for a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump (1), the cover plate (2) having a front side (2h) and a rear side (2i), and the front side (2h) comprising a part surface (2k), the form of which is configured so as to be adapted to the rear side of a screw-type centrifugal wheel (25), the part surface (2k) having a central opening (2g) in its center, the central opening (2g) being configured so as to be adapted for the passage of a rotational axis (A) of the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) and extending in the direction of the rotational axis (A), and the cover 15 plate (2) having at least one aperture (2a) which is arranged in the region of the part surface (2k) and spaced apart from the central opening (2g), and the aperture (2a) forming a fluid-conducting connection between the front side (2h) and the rear side (2i) of 20 the cover plate (2), and the part surface (2k) having a spirally extending first depression (2d) and, beginning substantially in the region of the central opening (2g), extends along the part surface (2k) to the outside.

2. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the part surface (2k) extends substantially frustoconically or substantially flatly.

3. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cover plate (2) has at least two apertures (2a), the at least two apertures (2a) being arranged, in particular, symmetrically with regard to the rotational axis (A).

4. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the aperture (2a) has an inlet opening (21) toward the front side (2h), in that the front side (2h) has a second depression (2c), and in that the inlet opening (21) is arranged in said second depression (2c).

5. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the inlet opening (21) forms an inlet area (2m) which extends substantially parallel to the rotational axis (A).

6. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the second depression (2c) is formed at least partially by a hole which extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the rotational axis (A).

7. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the cover plate (2) consists of a cast piece, and in that the second depression (2c) and advantageously also the inlet opening (21) together form part of the non-machined cast piece.

8. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the aperture (2a) extends perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly with regard to the part surface (2k).

9. The cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the aperture (2a) extends transversely with respect to the part surface (2h).

10. A screw-type centrifugal wheel pump (1) comprising a cover plate (2) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a pump housing (3) with a pump inflow opening (3a) and comprising a screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) with a hub (21) and/or a drive shaft (33), the cover plate (2) being arranged directly behind the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) and on a side (25a) of the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25), which side (25a) lies opposite the pump inflow opening (3a), and a gap (2b) being formed between the central opening (2g) of the cover plate (2) and the hub (21) and/or the drive shaft (33).

11. The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump (1) as claimed in claim 10, further characterized in that the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) has a rotational direction (R), characterized in that the aperture (2a) has an inlet opening (21) toward the front side (2h), in that the front side (2h) has a second depression (2c), and in that the inlet opening (21) is arranged in said second depression (2c) and also having an inlet area (2m) which is formed by the inlet opening (21) of the aperture (2a) extends substantially parallel to the rotational axis (A) and so as to face away from the rotational direction (R).

12. The screw-type centrifugal wheel pump (1) as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the spirally extending depression (2d) extends from the inside to the outside in the rotational direction (R).

13. A method for self-cleaning of a screw-type centrifugal wheel pump (1) having a rotatably mounted screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) and a cover plate (2) which is arranged immediately next to the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) and has a central opening (2g), a hub (21) or a drive shaft (33) of the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) extending through the central opening (2g), with the result that a fluid-conducting gap (2b) is formed between the central opening (2g) and the hub (21) or the drive shaft (33), characterized in that the screw-type centrifugal wheel (25) is rotated in the rotational direction (R) and, as a result, a fluid is conveyed along a main flow (F), in that a part flow (F1) of the fluid flows to the rear side (2i) of the cover plate (2) via an aperture (2a) which is spaced apart with regard to the central opening (2g), and in that said part flow (F1) subsequently flows back to the main flow (F) via the gap (2b), on account of the pressure difference which prevails between the aperture (2a) and the gap (2b), in that the cover plate (2) has a spirally extending depression (2d) on its front side (2h), the spirally extending depression (2d) extending from the inside to the outside in the rotational direction (R), with the result that the part flow (F1) which exits from the gap (2b) is fed to the main flow (F) via the spirally extending depression {2d).

14. The method as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the part flow (F1) is deflected when flowing into the aperture (2a), in order to separate solids from the part flow (F1) as a result.