Patent Grant
12004129
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to a self-contained subframe structure for wireless communication utilizing a time division duplex (TDD) carrier.
Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on. Such networks, which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources.
The spectrum allocated to such wireless communication networks can include licensed and/or unlicensed spectrum. Licensed spectrum is generally restricted in its use for wireless communication except for licensed use as regulated by a governmental body or other authority within a given region. Unlicensed spectrum is generally free to use, within limits, without the purchase or use of such a license. As the use of wireless communication systems continues to increase, the demand for reallocation of additional spectrum has also increased in many different use cases, including but not limited to telephones, smart phones, PCs, smart meters, remote sensors, smart alarms, mesh nodes, etc.
In many cases, this spectrum is being (or is expected to be) allocated in such a way that paired carriers, utilized in many existing frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, are either not available, or not available in matched bandwidth configurations. Accordingly, time division duplex (TDD) carriers are expected to be utilized in many future deployments for wireless communication systems.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects of the present disclosure, in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the disclosure, and is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Various aspects of the present disclosure provide subframe structures for time division duplex (TDD) carriers that can be entirely self-contained. That is, information transmitted on a TDD carrier may be grouped into subframes, where each subframe provides communication in both directions (e.g., uplink from a subordinate entity to a scheduling entity, and downlink from the scheduling entity to the subordinate entity) in a suitable fashion to enable communication of a set of packets between the scheduling entity and the subordinate entity. For example, a single subframe may include scheduling information, data information corresponding to the scheduling information, and acknowledgment information corresponding to the data information.
In one aspect, a method of wireless communication for a scheduling entity to communicate with one or more subordinate entities utilizing a time division duplex (TDD) carrier via a plurality of subframes is provided. The method includes utilizing a subframe structure for at least a set of a plurality of subframes, where each of the plurality of subframes in the set has a same duration and the subframe structure includes a control portion, a data portion, and an acknowledgement portion. The method further includes transmitting scheduling information in the control portion of a subframe of the plurality of subframes, transmitting data information corresponding to the scheduling information in the data portion of the subframe that is associated with a set of subordinate entities, and receiving acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe, where the control portion, the data portion, and the acknowledgement portion are contained in the same subframe.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a scheduling entity configured to manage wireless communication with one or more subordinate entities. The scheduling entity includes a processor, a wireless transceiver communicatively coupled to the processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to utilize a subframe structure for at least a set of a plurality of subframes within a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, where each of the plurality of subframes in the set has a same duration and the subframe structure includes a control portion, a data portion, and an acknowledgement portion. The processor is further configured to transmit scheduling information in the control portion of a subframe of the plurality of subframes via the wireless transceiver, transmit data information corresponding to the scheduling information in the data portion of the subframe that is associated with a set of subordinate entities via the wireless transceiver, and receive acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe via the wireless transceiver, where the control portion, the data portion, and the acknowledgement portion are contained in the same subframe.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of wireless communication for a scheduling entity to communicate with one or more subordinate entities utilizing a time division duplex (TDD) carrier via a plurality of subframes. The method includes utilizing a subframe structure for at least a set of a plurality of subframes, where each of the plurality of subframes in the set has a same duration and the subframe structure includes a control portion, a data portion, and an acknowledgement portion. The method further includes transmitting scheduling information in the control portion of a subframe of the plurality of subframes, receiving data information corresponding to the scheduling information in the data portion of the subframe that is associated with a set of subordinate entities, and transmitting acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe, where the control portion, the data portion, and the acknowledgement portion are contained in the same subframe.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a scheduling entity configured to manage wireless communication with one or more subordinate entities. The scheduling entity includes a processor, a wireless transceiver communicatively coupled to the processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to utilize a subframe structure for at least a set of a plurality of subframes within a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, where each of the plurality of subframes in the set having a same duration and the subframe structure includes a control portion, a data portion, and an acknowledgement portion. The processor is further configured to transmit scheduling information in the control portion of a subframe of the plurality of subframes via the wireless transceiver, receive data information corresponding to the scheduling information in the data portion of the subframe that is associated with a set of subordinate entities via the wireless transceiver, and transmit acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe via the wireless transceiver, where the control portion, the data portion, and the acknowledgement portion are contained in the same subframe.
These and other aspects of the invention will become more fully understood upon a review of the detailed description, which follows. Other aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following description of specific, exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. While features of the present invention may be discussed relative to certain embodiments and figures below, all embodiments of the present invention can include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one or more embodiments may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention discussed herein. In similar fashion, while exemplary embodiments may be discussed below as device, system, or method embodiments it should be understood that such exemplary embodiments can be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods.
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented across a broad variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards. In order to illustrate some of the entities or devices described throughout the present disclosure,
Each scheduling entity 104/108 may be a base station or access point, or a user equipment (UE) 106 in a device-to-device (D2D) and/or mesh network. The scheduling entity 104/108 manages the resources on the carrier and assigns resources to other users of the channel, including subordinate entities, such as one or more UEs 106 in the cellular network 100. The scheduling entities 104 are responsible for all radio related functions including radio bearer control, admission control, mobility control, scheduling, security, and connectivity to a centralized controller and/or gateway. There is no centralized controller in this example of a network 100, but a centralized controller may be used in alternative configurations.
One or more lower power class scheduling entities 108 may have a cellular region 110 that overlaps with one or more other cellular regions (cells) 102. The lower power class scheduling entity 108 may be a femto cell (e.g., home scheduling entity), pico cell, micro cell, remote radio head, or in some instances, another UE 106. The macro scheduling entities 104 are each assigned to a respective cell 102 and are configured to provide an access point to a core network for all the UEs 106 in the cells 102.
The modulation and multiple access scheme employed by the network 100 may vary depending on the particular telecommunications standard being deployed. In some radio access networks, such as those defined in LTE standards, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used on the downlink (DL) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is used on the uplink (UL) to support both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and TDD. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate from the detailed description to follow, the various concepts presented herein are well suited for various applications including telecommunication standards employing other modulation and multiple access techniques. By way of example, these concepts may be employed in 5G, LTE, or Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO). EV-DO is an air interface standard promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and employs CDMA to provide broadband Internet access to mobile stations. These concepts may also be extended to Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) employing Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA, such as TD-SCDMA; Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) employing TDMA; Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, and Flash-OFDM employing OFDMA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE and GSM are described in documents from the 3GPP organization. CDMA2000 is described in documents from the 3GPP2 organization. The actual wireless communication standard and the multiple access technology employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
The scheduling entities 104 may have multiple antennas supporting MIMO technology. The use of MIMO technology enables the scheduling entities 104 to exploit the spatial domain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmit diversity. Spatial multiplexing may be used to transmit different streams of data simultaneously on the same frequency. The data steams may be transmitted to a single UE 106 to increase the data rate or to multiple UEs 106 to increase the overall system capacity. This is achieved by spatially precoding each data stream (i.e., applying a scaling of an amplitude and a phase) and then transmitting each spatially precoded stream through multiple transmit antennas on the downlink (DL). The spatially precoded data streams arrive at the UE(s) 106 with different spatial signatures, which enables each of the UE(s) 106 to recover the one or more data streams destined for that UE 106. On the uplink (UL), each UE 106 transmits a spatially precoded data stream, which enables the scheduling entity 104 to identify the source of each spatially precoded data stream.
Spatial multiplexing is generally used when channel conditions are good. When channel conditions are less favorable, beamforming may be used to focus the transmission energy in one or more directions. This may be achieved by spatially precoding the data for transmission through multiple antennas. To achieve good coverage at the edges of the cell, a single stream beamforming transmission may be used in combination with transmit diversity.
Certain aspects of an access network described herein may relate to a system supporting OFDM on the DL. OFDM is a spread-spectrum technique that modulates data over a number of subcarriers within an OFDM symbol. The subcarriers are spaced apart at precise frequencies. The spacing provides orthogonality that enables a receiver to recover the data from the subcarriers. In the time domain, a guard interval (e.g., cyclic prefix) may be added to each OFDM symbol to combat inter-OFDM-symbol interference. The UL may use SC-FDMA in the form of a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-spread OFDM signal to compensate for high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).
Referring now to
In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the term downlink (DL) may refer to a point-to-multipoint transmission originating at the scheduling entity 202. In addition, the term uplink (UL) may refer to a point-to-point transmission originating at a subordinate entity 204.
Broadly, the scheduling entity 202 is a node or device responsible for scheduling traffic in a wireless communication network, including the downlink transmissions and, in some examples, uplink data 210 from one or more subordinate entities 204 to the scheduling entity 202. A scheduling entity 102 may be, or may reside within, a base station, a network node, a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, or any suitable node or peer in a wireless communication network.
Broadly, the subordinate entity 204 is a node or device that receives scheduling control information, including but not limited to scheduling grants, synchronization or timing information, or other control information from another entity in the wireless communication network such as the scheduling entity 202. A subordinate entity may be, or may reside within, a base station, a network node, a UE, an access terminal, or any suitable node or peer in a wireless communication network.
As illustrated in
In an aspect, the scheduling entity 202 may multiplex downlink data for a set of subordinate entities (i.e., two or more subordinate entities) within a single subframe. For example, the scheduling entity 202 may multiplex downlink data to the set of subordinate entities using time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing (e.g., OFDM), code division multiplexing, and/or any suitable multiplexing scheme known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Likewise, any suitable multiple access scheme may be utilized to combine uplink data from multiple subordinate entities 204 within a single subframe.
The scheduling entity 202 may further broadcast downlink control channel(s) 208 to one or more subordinate entities 204. The downlink control channel(s) 208 may include in some examples a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or any other control channels or pilots, such as the Channel State Information—Reference Signal (CSI-RS) pilot. In still a further example, the downlink control channel(s) 208 may include acknowledgement information (e.g., acknowledged (ACK)/not acknowledged (NACK) packets) indicating whether the uplink data 210 in one or more subframes was received correctly at the scheduling entity 202. For example, a data packet may include verification bits, such as a checksum and/or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Accordingly, a device receiving the data packet may receive and decode a data packet and verify the integrity of the received and decoded packet in accordance with the verification bits. When the verification succeeds, a positive acknowledgment (ACK) may be transmitted; whereas when the verification fails, a negative acknowledgment (NACK) may be transmitted.
Furthermore, each of the subordinate entities 204 may transmit uplink control channel(s) 212 to the scheduling entity 202. The uplink control channel(s) 212 may include in some examples a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), random access channel (RACH), scheduling request (SR), sounding reference signal (SRS), channel quality indicator (CQI), channel state feedback information, buffer status information, or any other suitable control information or signaling. In still a further example, the uplink control channel(s) 212 may include acknowledgement information (e.g., acknowledged (ACK)/not acknowledged (NACK) packets) indicating whether the downlink data 206 in one or more subframes was received correctly at the subordinate entity 204.
In various aspects of the disclosure, the scheduling entity 202 may be any suitable radio transceiver apparatus, and in some examples, may be embodied by a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), an access point (AP), a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), mesh node, relay, peer, or some other suitable terminology. Within the present document, a base station may be referred to as a scheduling entity, indicating that the base station provides scheduling information to one or more subordinate entities.
In other examples, the scheduling entity 202 may be embodied by a wireless user equipment (UE). Examples of a UE include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, an entertainment device, a vehicle component, a wearable computing device (e.g., a smart watch, a health or fitness tracker, etc.), an appliance, a sensor, a vending machine, or any other similar functioning device. The UE may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. Within the present document, a UE may be referred to either as a scheduling entity, or a subordinate entity. That is, in various aspects of the present disclosure, a wireless UE may operate as a scheduling entity providing scheduling information to one or more subordinate entities, or may operate as a subordinate entity, operating in accordance with scheduling information provided by a scheduling entity.
Examples of processors 304 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. That is, the processor 304, as utilized in the scheduling entity 202, may be used to implement any one or more of the processes described below.
In this example, the processing system 314 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by the bus 302. The bus 302 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 314 and the overall design constraints. The bus 302 links together various circuits including one or more processors (represented generally by the processor 304), a memory 305, and computer-readable media (represented generally by the computer-readable medium 306). The bus 302 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further. A bus interface 308 provides an interface between the bus 302 and a transceiver 310. The transceiver 310 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. Depending upon the nature of the apparatus, a user interface 312 (e.g., keypad, display, touch screen, speaker, microphone, joystick) may also be provided.
The processor 304 is responsible for managing the bus 302 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 306. The software, when executed by the processor 304, causes the processing system 314 to perform the various functions described below for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium 306 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 304 when executing software.
In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 304 may include resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341, configured to generate, schedule, and modify a resource assignment or grant of time-frequency resources. For example, the resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 may generate one or more subframes, each including time-frequency resources assigned to carry data and/or control information to and/or from multiple subordinate entities. The resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 may operate in coordination with resource assignment and subframe control software 351.
The processor 304 may further include downlink (DL) data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342, configured to generate and transmit downlink data and control channels. The DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may operate in coordination with the resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 to schedule the DL data and/or control information and to place the DL data and/or control information onto a time division duplex (TDD) carrier within one or more subframes generated by the resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 in accordance with the resources assigned to the DL data and/or control information. The DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may further operate in coordination with DL data and control channel generation and transmission software 352.
The processor 304 may further include uplink (UL) data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343, configured to receive and process uplink control channels and uplink data channels from one or more subordinate entities. In some examples, the UL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343 may be configured to receive scheduling requests from one or more subordinate entities, the scheduling requests being configured to request a grant of time-frequency resources for uplink user data transmissions. In other examples, the UL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343 may be configured to receive and process acknowledgement information (e.g., acknowledged/not acknowledged packets) from one or more subordinate entities. The UL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343 may operate in coordination with the resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 to schedule UL data transmissions, DL data transmissions and/or DL data retransmissions in accordance with the received UL control channel information. The UL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343 may further operate in coordination with UL data and control channel reception and processing software 353.
The processor 304 may further include subframe configuration circuitry 344, configured for providing a subframe structure for use by the resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 in generating one or more subframes for a TDD carrier. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the subframe configuration circuitry 344 may be configured to provide a self-contained TDD subframe structure, in which control, data and acknowledgement information are self-contained within a single TDD subframe. That is, the control/scheduling information provides control/scheduling for all of the data packets within the subframe and the acknowledgement information includes acknowledgement/not acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) signals for all of the data packets within the subframe. Therefore, the self-contained subframe structure may contain transmissions in both the uplink and the downlink directions.
In some examples, the self-contained TDD subframe structure includes DL control (scheduling) information, DL data information corresponding to the scheduling information and UL acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information. In other examples, the self-contained subframe structure includes DL control (scheduling) information, UL data information corresponding to the scheduling information and DL acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information. In an aspect, the subframe structure may be fixed in duration to enable operation in a synchronous network, in which the start of each subframe is aligned across the network. However, in various aspects of the disclosure, the subframe structure duration may be configurable and determined during system deployment and/or updated through system messages. The subframe configuration circuitry 344 may operate in coordination with subframe configuration software 354.
In an exemplary operation, the subframe configuration circuitry 344 may provide a subframe structure for a current subframe by first determining the duration of the current subframe and then determining whether the current subframe should include primarily UL data information or primarily DL data information. When the subframe configuration circuitry 344 determines that the current subframe should include primarily DL data information, the subframe configuration circuitry 344 provides a self-contained subframe structure that includes a DL control (scheduling) portion, a DL data portion and an UL acknowledgement portion. When the subframe configuration circuitry 344 determines that the current subframe should include primarily UL data information, the subframe configuration circuitry 344 provides a self-contained subframe structure that includes a DL control (scheduling) portion, an UL data portion and a DL acknowledgement portion. The subframe configuration circuitry 344 may further provide the subframe structure for the current subframe by determining the switch point times between UL and DL transmissions within the current subframe. In an aspect, the subframe structure for the current subframe may include deterministic times within the current subframe to switch from UL transmissions to DL transmissions. For example, when the current subframe includes a DL data portion, the switch point to begin including UL acknowledgement information from the subordinate entities may be predetermined within the subframe.
Based on the subframe structure for the current subframe, the DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may generate the current subframe by preparing control and/or data information in memory 305 and scheduling the control and/or data information via the resource assignment and subframe control circuitry 341 for transmission according to the subframe structure provided by the subframe configuration circuitry 344. The DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may further coordinate with the UL data and control reception and processing circuitry 343 to generate the current subframe, as described below.
In an aspect, when the subframe structure includes a DL data portion, the DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may include DL control (scheduling) information in the control portion and DL data information corresponding to the DL control information in the data portion of the subframe. For example, the DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may include DL control (scheduling) information by preparing the control (scheduling) information in memory 305 and loading the control (scheduling) information from memory 305 into the DL control portion of the subframe and may further include DL data information by preparing the DL data information in memory 305 and loading DL data information from memory 305 into the DL data portion of the subframe. The control (scheduling) information may include control (scheduling) information for new DL data packets and retransmitted DL data packets. As an example, the DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may further carry hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) configuration information within the control (scheduling) information for retransmitted DL data packets by preparing the HARQ configuration information in memory 305 and loading the HARQ configuration information from memory 305 into the DL control portion of the current subframe. The UL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343 may then include acknowledgement information in the acknowledgement portion of the current subframe by receiving and processing ACK/NACK packets sent from one or more subordinate entities in the current subframe.
In an aspect in which the subframe structure includes an UL data portion, the DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may include DL control (scheduling) information in the control portion of the current subframe by preparing the DL control (scheduling) information in memory 305 and loading the control (scheduling) information from memory 305 into the DL control portion. The UL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 343 may then include UL data information in the data portion of the current subframe by receiving and processing the UL data information sent from one or more subordinate entities. The DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 342 may then include acknowledgement information corresponding to the received UL data information by preparing the acknowledgement information (ACK/NACK packets) in memory 305 and loading the ACK/NACK packets from memory 305 into the acknowledgement portion of the current subframe.
The processor 304 may further include modulation and coding configuration circuitry 347, configured for determining a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to utilize for downlink transmissions and/or a MCS for a subordinate entity to utilize for uplink transmissions. The modulation and coding configuration circuitry 347 may operate in coordination with modulation and coding configuration software 357.
One or more processors 304 in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software may reside on a computer-readable medium 306. The computer-readable medium 306 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, by way of example, a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, or a key drive), a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium may also include, by way of example, a carrier wave, a transmission line, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 306 may reside in the processing system 314, external to the processing system 314, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 314. The computer-readable medium 306 may be embodied in a computer program product. By way of example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
The processing system 414 may be substantially the same as the processing system 314 illustrated in
In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 404 may include uplink (UL) data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 442, configured to generate and transmit uplink data on an UL data channel, and to generate and transmit uplink control/feedback/acknowledgement information on an UL control channel. The UL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 442 may operate in coordination with UL data and control channel generation and transmission software 452. The processor 404 may further include downlink (DL) data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 444, configured for receiving and processing downlink data on a data channel, and to receive and process control information on one or more downlink control channels. In some examples, received downlink data and/or control information may be temporarily stored in a data buffer within memory 405. The DL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 444 may operate in coordination with DL data and control channel generation and transmission software 454.
The processor 404 may further include subframe configuration determination circuitry 446, configured for determining a subframe structure and subframe duration for one or more subframes. For example, the subframe structure for a current subfame may be determined based on structure information received from the scheduling entity in the DL control portion of a previous subframe. The subframe configuration determination circuitry 446 may operate in coordination with the suframe configuration determination software 456.
In an exemplary operation, the subframe configuration determination circuitry may provide a subframe structure for a current subframe by determining the subframe structure identified by the scheduling entity (e.g., based on subframe structure information received in the DL control portion of a previous subframe). Based on the subframe structure for the current subframe, as determined by the subframe configuration determination circuitry 446, the UL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 442 may prepare control and/or data information in memory 405 for transmission according to the subframe structure. In an aspect, when the subframe structure includes a DL data portion, the DL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 444 may receive and process DL control information included in the control portion of the current subframe from the scheduling entity and DL data information included in the data portion of the current subfame from the scheduling entity. The UL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 442 may then include acknowledgement information corresponding to the received UL data information by preparing the acknowledgement information (ACK/NACK packets) in memory 405 and loading the ACK/NACK packets from memory 405 into the acknowledgement portion of the current subframe.
In an aspect in which the subframe structure includes an UL data portion, the DL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 444 may receive and process DL control information included in the control portion of the subframe. The UL data and control channel generation and transmission circuitry 442 may then include UL control and/or data information in the data portion of the current subframe by preparing the UL control and/or data information in memory 405 and loading the UL control and/or data information from memory 405 into the data portion of the current subframe. The DL data and control channel reception and processing circuitry 444 may then receive and process acknowledgement information (ACK/NACK packets) corresponding to the transmitted UL data packets in the acknowledgement portion of the current subframe.
The self-contained subframe structure shown in
In the example shown in
In one example, the control information portion 502 may be used to transmit a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) indicating time-frequency assignments of data packets intended for one or more subordinate entities, and the DL data portion 504 may be used to transmit a data payload including the data packets intended for the one or more subordinate entities within the assigned time-frequency slots. Thus, each subordinate entity that will be receiving data in the data portion 504 of the subframe 500 may be individually addressed in the control portion 502 of the subframe 500, so that the subordinate entities can receive and process the correct downlink data packets. Thus, all of the data packets transmitted within the subframe 500 may be scheduled according to the scheduling information in the control information portion 502 of the same subframe 500. Following the GP portion 506, the scheduling entity may receive an ACK signal (or a NACK signal) during the ACK/NACK portion 508 from each subordinate entity that received data packets during the data portion 504 to indicate whether the data packets were successfully received. Thus, all of the data packets transmitted within the subframe 500 may be acknowledged/not acknowledged within the same subframe 500.
In other examples, the control portion 502 may be used to transmit other downlink control channels and/or other downlink pilots, such as the channel state information—reference signal (CSI-RS). These additional downlink channels and/or pilots, along with any other downlink control information, may be transmitted together with the PDCCH within the control portion 502. Broadly, any suitable transmission in the DL direction may be made complementary to the control information described above within the control portion 502. In addition, the ACK/NACK portion 508 may also be used for transmission of other uplink control channels and information, such as the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), random access channel (RACH), scheduling request (SR), sounding reference signal (SRS), channel quality indicator (CQI), channel state feedback information and buffer status. Broadly, any suitable transmission in the UL direction may be made complementary to the ACK/NACK and other information described above within the ACK/NACK portion 508.
In an aspect, the data portion 504 may be used to multiplex DL data transmissions to a set of subordinate entities (i.e., two or more subordinate entities) within the subframe 500. For example, the scheduling entity may multiplex downlink data to the set of subordinate entities using time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM) (i.e., OFDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), and/or any suitable multiplexing scheme known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the DL data portion 504 may include data for multiple users and up to a high order of multi-user MIMO. In addition, the control portion 502 and ACK/NACK portion 508 may also be used to multiplex control information to or from a set of subordinate entities in a TDM, FDM, CDM, and/or other suitable manner.
The GP portion 506 may be scheduled to accommodate variability in UL and DL timing. For example, latencies due to RF antenna direction switching (e.g., from DL to UL) and RF settling (e.g., settling of phase lock loops, filters and power amplifiers), along with transmission path latencies, may cause the subordinate entity to transmit early on the UL to match DL timing. Such early transmission may interfere with symbols received from the scheduling entity. Accordingly, the GP portion 506 may allow an amount of time after the DL data portion 504 to prevent interference, where the GP portion 506 may provide an appropriate amount of time for the scheduling entity to switch its RF antenna direction, for the over-the-air (OTA) transmission time, and time for ACK processing by the subordinate entity. The GP portion 506 may further provide an appropriate amount of time for the subordinate entity to switch its RF antenna direction (e.g., from DL to UL), to processes the data payload, and for the over-the-air (OTA) transmission time.
The duration of the GP portion 506 may be configurable based on, for example, the cell size and/or processing time requirements. For example, the GP portion 506 may have a duration of one symbol period (e.g., 31.25 μs). However, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the switch point from DL to UL transmissions may be deterministic throughout the network. Thus, although the beginning point of the GP portion 506 may be variable and configurable, the ending point of the GP portion 506 corresponding to the switch point from DL transmissions to UL transmissions may be fixed by the network to manage interference between DL and UL transmissions. In an aspect, the switch point may be updated by the network in a semi-static manner and indicated in the PDCCH. In addition, the GP duration and/or beginning point of the GP portion 506 may also be indicated in the PDCCH.
In networks utilizing unlicensed spectrum, the switch point may be maintained at a deterministic location, common to different cells. In scenarios in which the amount of data to be transmitted is less than that allocated to the data portion 504, to avoid losing access to the TDD carrier, the data portion 504 of the subframe 500 can be filled by either extending the transmission to occupy only a portion of the frequency band or filling in the transmission with pilots or other filler symbols.
In an example, control information may be transmitted by the scheduling entity in the control portion 602 of the first DL-centric subframe 601, data information corresponding to the control information may be transmitted by the scheduling entity in the data portion 604 of the first DL-centric subframe 601 and acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information may be received by the scheduling entity from subordinate entities in the ACK/NACK portion 608 of the first DL-centric subframe 601. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, all of the data packets in the data portion 604 may be acknowledged or not within the ACK/NACK portion 608, that is, prior to the next scheduling instance. Here, the next scheduling instance refers to the scheduling of further data packets within the data portion 612 of the subsequent subframe 603, which are to be scheduled in the control portion 610 of the subframe 603.
Based on the ACK/NACK information received in the ACK/NACK portion 608 of the first DL-centric subframe 601, the scheduling entity may generate control information for the control portion 610 of the next (second) DL-centric subframe 603. For example, if the ACK/NACK information includes a NACK signal, at least part of the coded bits of the data information transmitted in the data portion 604 of the first DL-centric subframe 601 may be retransmitted (e.g., in an incremental redundancy HARQ algorithm, described further below) in the data portion 612 of the second DL-centric subframe 603. Thus, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, all of the data packets transmitted in the first DL-centric subframe 601 are acknowledged/not acknowledged prior to the next (second) DL-centric subframe 603 to enable the scheduling entity to generate control information for the second DL-centric subframe 603 based on the ACK/NACK information in the first DL-centric subframe 601.
In an exemplary aspect of the disclosure, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) retransmission scheme is used to retransmit data incorrectly received. Thus, the control information (PDCCH) in the control portion 610 of the second DL-centric subframe 603 may further carry HARQ-related configuration information, such as HARQ identifiers, redundancy version, etc., to provide support for data retransmissions occurring in the data portion 612 of the second DL-centric subframe 603. For example, the control information may be configured to indicate whether or not a data packet included in the data portion is a HARQ retransmission.
The self-contained subframe structure shown in
In the example shown in
In one example, the control information portion 702 may be used to transmit a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) indicating time-frequency assignments of data packets to be transmitted by one or more subordinate entities and the data portion 706 may be used to by the subordinate entities to transmit their data packets to the scheduling entity within the assigned time-frequency slots. Each subordinate entity that transmitted data within the data portion 706 may then receive an ACK signal (or a NACK signal) during the ACK/NACK portion 708 from the scheduling entity to indicate whether the data packets were successfully received at the scheduling entity. Thus, all of the data packets transmitted within the subframe 700 may be acknowledged/not acknowledged within the same subframe 700.
In other examples, the control portion 702 and/or ACK/NACK portion 708 may be used to transmit other downlink control channels and information and/or data from other layers. In addition, the data portion 706 may also be used to transmit uplink control channels and information. For example, the control portion 702 of a subframe 700 may carry a data transmission (e.g., a small payload of data) for a subordinate entity, such as an application layer (or layer other than the physical layer) ACK from a previous subframe. The subordinate entity may then acknowledge the data transmission in the data portion 706 of the same subframe 700.
In an aspect, the UL data portion 706 may be used to carry data transmissions from a set of subordinate entities (i.e., two or more subordinate entities) within the subframe 500 using one or more TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, or any other suitable multiple access scheme. Thus, the UL data portion 706 may include packets from multiple users and up to a high order of multi-user MIMO. In addition, the control portion 702 and ACK/NACK portion 708 may also be used to carry control information to a set of subordinate entities in a TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, or other suitable multiple access manner.
The duration of each GP portion 804 and 808 may be configurable based on, for example, the cell size and/or processing time requirements. In an aspect, the combined duration of the GP portions 804 and 808 is substantially equivalent to the duration of the single GP portion 704, shown in
By utilizing a TDD self-contained subframe structure, such as those shown in
Because the subframes can be considered independent or discrete, additional flexibility in the management of the air interface resources can be provided. For example, at any given time, at the end of any given subframe, the channel can easily be modified to pause or end communication utilizing the TDD carrier, and interpose other communication on the same spectrum resources, without causing substantial issues, e.g., in terms of having data packets waiting for ACK/NACK packets corresponding to data packets transmitted in previous subframes. In one example, a gap between subframe transmissions may be created to allow multiplexing of different types of traffic on the spectrum, including D2D, mesh, or a non-backward compatible technology.
Of course, these examples of self-contained subframe structures are merely provided to illustrate certain concepts of the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will comprehend that these are merely exemplary in nature, and other examples may fall within the scope of the disclosure.
At block 1002, the scheduling entity may provide a self-contained subframe structure for a TDD carrier, including a control portion, a data portion and an acknowledgement portion. For example, with reference to
At block 1004, the scheduling entity generates a subframe having the self-contained subframe structure and includes control information in the control portion of the subframe. For a DL-centric subframe, the control information may include a PDCCH indicating the time-frequency resource assignments for data transmissions from the scheduling entity to a set of subordinate entities. For an UL-centric subframe, the control information may include a PDCCH indicating the time-frequency resource assignments for data transmissions from the set of subordinate entities to the scheduling entity. In addition, other downlink control information may also be included within the control portion.
At block 1006, data information corresponding to the control information is included in the data portion of the subframe. For example, in a DL-centric subframe, the data information may include data packets transmitted to the set of subordinate entities multiplexed onto a downlink data channel. In an UL-centric subframe, the data information may include data packets transmitted from the set of subordinate entities combined onto an uplink data channel utilizing a multiple access scheme.
At block 1008, acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information is included in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe. For example, in a DL-centric subframe, an ACK/NACK message from each subordinate entity that received data in the data portion of the subframe may be included in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe to indicate whether the subordinate entities correctly received the downlink data. In an UL-centric subframe, the acknowledgement information may include respective ACK/NACK messages to each of the subordinate entities that transmitted data in the data portion of the subframe to indicate whether the scheduling entity correctly received the uplink data.
At block 1102, the subordinate entity may provide a self-contained subframe structure for a current subframe, including a control portion, a data portion and an acknowledgement portion. For example, with reference to
At block 1104, the subordinate entity receives control information in the control portion of the subframe. For a DL-centric subframe, the control information may include a PDCCH indicating the time-frequency resource assignments for data transmissions from the scheduling entity to the subordinate entity. For an UL-centric subframe, the control information may include a PDCCH indicating the time-frequency resource assignments for data transmissions from the subordinate entity to the scheduling entity. In addition, other downlink control information may also be included within the control portion.
At block 1106, data information corresponding to the control information is included in the data portion of the subframe. For example, in a DL-centric subframe, the data information may include data packets transmitted to the subordinate entity on a downlink data channel. In an UL-centric subframe, the data information may include data packets transmitted from the subordinate entity on an uplink data channel.
At block 1108, acknowledgement information corresponding to the data information is included in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe. For example, in a DL-centric subframe, an ACK/NACK message from the subordinate entity may be included in the acknowledgement portion of the subframe to indicate whether the subordinate entity correctly received the downlink data. In an UL-centric subframe, the acknowledgement information may include an ACK/NACK message to the subordinate entity o indicate whether the scheduling entity correctly received the uplink data.
As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure may be extended to any suitable telecommunication system, network architecture, and communication standard. By way of example, various aspects may be applied to UMTS systems such as W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, and TD-CDMA.
Various aspects may also be applied to systems employing Long Term Evolution (LTE) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), CDMA2000, Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and/or other suitable systems, including those described by yet-to-be defined wide area network standards. The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
Within the present disclosure, the word “exemplary” is used to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation or aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects of the disclosure. Likewise, the term “aspects” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation. The term “coupled” is used herein to refer to the direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically touches object B, and object B touches object C, then objects A and C may still be considered coupled to one another—even if they do not directly physically touch each other. For instance, a first die may be coupled to a second die in a package even though the first die is never directly physically in contact with the second die. The terms “circuit” and “circuitry” are used broadly, and intended to include both hardware implementations of electrical devices and conductors that, when connected and configured, enable the performance of the functions described in the present disclosure, without limitation as to the type of electronic circuits, as well as software implementations of information and instructions that, when executed by a processor, enable the performance of the functions described in the present disclosure.
One or more of the components, steps, features and/or functions illustrated in
It is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed is an illustration of exemplary processes. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically recited therein.
The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. A phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b and c. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f), unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.”
The present application for patent is a continuation of Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 14/940,546 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Nov. 13, 2015, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth below in its entirety and for all applicable purposes. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 14/940,546 claims priority to Provisional Application No. 62/133,386 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Mar. 15, 2015, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth below in its entirety and for all applicable purposes.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190289602 A1 | Sep 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62133386 | Mar 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14940546 | Nov 2015 | US |
| Child | 16432844 | US |
