Patent Application
20180328683
The invention relates to a self-loading pistol which comprises a frame on which is slidably mounted a slide for reciprocating movement, through the front portion of which passes a barrel, which is fixedly and non-movably mounted on the frame, whereby a recoil spring of the slide is mounted on a guide arranged below the barrel and a mechanism for locking the slide during the firing process is arranged in the front portion of the frame under the barrel.
Known are pistols CZ-83 made by the manufacturer Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod, the Czech Rebublic and pistols SIG-Saurer P 230 made by the manufacturer J. P. Saurer GmbH, Germany.
These are self-loading-pistols, whose barrel is fixedly and non-movably mounted on a frame. During the firing process the locking of a barrel channel till the moment of the ejection of a bullet out of the channel and a pressure drop of powder gases take place due to the force of inertia of a massive slide and due to the force of a recoil spring, maintaining the slide during shooting in the frontmost position.
The important features of the above-mentioned pistols include a high degree of accuracy of shooting, since the barrel is fixedly mounted in the frame of the pistol, and the simplicity of the mechanism.
On the other hand, the fact that it is not possible to use high performance ammunition for shooting a pistol with such a locking system appears to be a serious drawback, since to be able to use such ammunition it would be necessary to increase considerably the weight of the slide, which would lead to an increase in the weight of the whole pistol and would result in a great slide impact force between the slide and the pistol frame on reaching its rearmost position after the shot.
Known is the patent CZ 304686 dated 22 Aug. 2014 and the utility model CZ 25812 dated 27 Aug. 2013 “Lock of a slide of a self-loading-pistol”, in which the locking member is formed by a cylinder in a seat of a rigid pistol frame and is forced upwards by a locking spring. Its upper portion extends to the travel path the locking face of the pistol slide. Consequently, during the firing process the locking face of the slide leans against a cylinder, which is forced upwards by a locking spring arranged below the cylinder. That secures retaining the opening movement of the slide, which allows the bullet to be ejected out of the barrel channel before it opens.
The advantage of the above-mentioned mechanism of closing the barrel channel during the firing process is primarily its simplicity and also the fact that the barrel can be mounted fixedly in the frame, which permits shooting with a high degree of accuracy.
However, the system has a drawback—namely the inability to pull the slide manually backwards to supply a cartridge from the magazine to the cartridge chamber of the barrel when loading, since during this operation it is necessary to press on the stiff locking spring through the cylinder.
The aim of the invention is to provide a pistol for shooting with high performance ammunition, whereby the barrel of the pistol is fixedly and non-movably mounted on the frame to ensure the accuracy of shooting. The automatic pistol must ensure the reliable locking of the channel of the non-movable barrel until the moment of the bullet exiting the barrel channel and the pressure drop of the powder gases without increasing the weight of the slide and of the whole weapon. The pistol design must provide for a possibility of unrestrained cocking of the slide to supply a cartridge to the barrel during loading.
The above-mentioned aim is achieved by a self-loading pistol whose principle consists in that a mechanism for locking a slide during the firing process comprises a locking member accommodated in a seat in the front arm of a two-armed lever pivotable about its axis, whereby in the rear arm of the two-armed lever is mounted a damping member in a seat, whereby the locking member and the damping member are pressed into their seats upwards by a locking spring arranged below them, and the upper portion of the locking member and the upper portion of the damping member extend in the starting position through the seats to the path of a support plate of the slide.
This arrangement allows the locking of the slide during the firing process, thus preventing the slide from untimely opening before the ejection of the bullet out of the barrel channel, as well as preventing a pressure drop of the powder gases. Furthermore, this arrangement permits unrestrained cocking of the slide manually in order to feed a cartridge from the magazine to a cartridge chamber of the barrel when loading the pistol, since in the starting position the front portion of the two-armed lever is capable of being freely inclined downwards, and the locking member, projecting downwardly, does not prevent the slide from retracting backwards when being manually cocked.
So as to secure the two-armed lever in the locking position, a support surface is formed on its rear arm. The support surface extends to an aperture in the frame, in which it is coupleable to a lower head of a pivotably mounted locking lever, which is coupleable to a trigger stop. On squeezing the trigger to fire a shot the two-armed lever is secured in a predetermined position, in which the front arm of the two-armed lever rises along with the locking member and the locking member, which is pressed upwards by the locking spring located below the locking member, stops in the path of the backward movement of the slide, thus preventing it temporarily from opening.
The design can be simplified by a solution in which the locking spring has two arms, its front arm being aligned with the locking member and the rear arm being aligned with the damping member. In this manner, it is easy to obtain the required properties of the pistol.
The principle of the invention is schematically represented in the drawings of a self-loading-pistol, wherein
The self-loading-pistol comprises a frame 1 of the pistol, in which is incorporated a strut 2, in which a barrel 9 is mounted fixedly and non-movably. On the lateral sides of the frame are formed guides 3 for a backward sliding movement of a slide 11. In the rear portion of the frame a grip 1 protrudes downward from the frame, consisting of a rear wall 4 and a front wall 5, between which is formed a space for inserting a magazine 42, which is secured in the grip of the frame 1 by a detent 39, which is mounted on its axis in the front wall 5. At one (upper) end the detent 39 has a cap 41 to be pressed by the finger, whereas at the other end is formed a nose 40, which, with the magazine engaged, fits in the aperture 43 in the magazine 42 thus locking its position. In the rear portion of the frame 1 are provided loops 6 for mounting the hammer 27.
In the first variant of embodiment, under the barrel 9 in the frame 1 is mounted a body 22 of the mechanism for locking the slide 11, in whose upper rear portion is formed an aperture 24 for the passage of a guide 26, on which the body 22 of the mechanism for locking the slide 11 is mounted, as well as a recoil spring 25 of the slide 11. The body 22 of the mechanism for locking the slide 11 may be designed as one whole with the frame 1. In the front portion of the slide 11 is formed and fixedly mounted a support plate 13 of the slide, on which abuts from its inner side a recoil spring 25 of the slide, whose other end abuts on the body 22 of the mechanism for locking the slide. On the body 22 of the mechanism for locking the slide, struts 23 are provided on both sides for the limiting of the movement of the slide 11 backwards after a shot. In the front portion of the frame 1 under the barrel 9 is arranged a mechanism of locking the slide 11 during shooting, which comprises a locking member 14 mounted in a seat 18 formed in the front arm of a two-armed lever 16, pivotable about the axis 17. In the rear arm of the two-armed lever 16 is formed a seat 19, which accommodates a damping member 15. The locking member 14 and the damping member 15 are pressed into its seats by means of a locking spring 21, which is in the illustrated embodiment composed of a two-armed spring arranged on the axis 17, whose front arm leans against the bottom of the locking member 14 and whose rear arm leans against the bottom of the damping member 15. Both the locking member 14 and the damping member 15 are in the illustrated embodiment formed by cylinders, mounted in the seats 18, 19 created in the two-armed lever 16. The seats 18, 19 are directed upwards, having narrowing recesses which enable the cylinders to extend to the space above the two-armed lever 16 to the travel path of the support plate 13 of the slide 11, preventing them from passing through these seats 18, 19. That means that the width of a particular recess is smaller than the diameter of a particular cylinder, constituting the locking member 14 or the damping member 15, as shown in
Other variants of the locking member 14 and the damping member 15 are shown in
At the end of the rear arm of the two-armed lever 16 is provided an end portion with a support surface 20, which extends to an aperture 8 formed in the front wall of the frame 1 under the strut 2. The end portion of the two-armed lever 16 is able to assume in the aperture 8 two positions: a position during the manual cocking of the slide 11, illustrated in
The locking lever 37 is pivotably mounted in a space 7, which is created under the strut 2 for mounting the barrel 9 and serves to accommodate parts of the striking and trigger mechanisms. In the lower part of the space 7 is pivotably mounted a trigger 35, on which is provided an upper stop 36, which is coupleable to a pivotably mounted locking lever 37, on whose lower portion is formed a head 38, which is during the firing process able to extend to the aperture 8 and secure in it the rear end of the two-armed lever 16. On the axis common to the trigger 35 is pivotably mounted a hammer stop 34, whose end portion abuts on the working surface of the control cam 31 of the hammer 27. The working surface of the control cam 31 is in the lower portion terminated by a striking protrusion 32, which in the cocked position of the hammer 27 gets caught by the end portion of the hammer stop 34 and keeps the hammer 27 cocked. In an unillustrated embodiment, the hammer stop 34 is mounted on its own axis, different from the axis of the trigger 35. Between the control cam 31 of the hammer and the frame 11 is arranged a main spring 33, which presses the control cam 31 anticlockwise to cause the hammer 27 to hit the striker 28, which is displaceably mounted in the slide 11 in front of the hammer 27 for forward and backward movement. The control cam 31 is connected to the hammer 27 by a pull rod 30, whose ends are pivotably mounted on both connected components. A firing pin 29 is provided in the front portion on the striker 28. The firing pin 29 serves to strike the percussion cap of the cartridge after firing the shot. In its rear portion the striker 28 has a shape chamfer 12 which is the same as that on the rear lower portion of the slide 11. The chamfer can have various shapes, such as a curved shape, as is shown in
A barrel bushing 10 is tightly pressed onto the front portion of the barrel 9. The barrel bushing 10 prevents the barrel 9 from moving forwards or backwards and reduces the oscillation of the barrel 9 during the passage/passing of the bullet and the powder gases through the channel of the barrel 9 during the firing process. The recoil spring 25 of the slide 11 may be arranged on the barrel 9 instead of being mounted on the bushing 10 of the barrel 9.
To achieve a high degree of comfort and convenience in handling the pistol during aiming and firing, the inclination angle of the grip with respect to the axis of the channel of the barrel 9 is 120° or 60°, according to the direction from which the angle is measured. The inclination angle of the magazine 42 relative to the axis of the channel the barrel 9 is 108° or 72°, which ensures reliable feeding of cartridges from the magazine 42 to the cartridge chamber of the barrel 9.
In the starting position (
So as to cock the pistol, it is necessary to hold it by the grip with one hand, retract the slide 11 to the stop with the other hand and allow it to snap forward. During the reciprocating movement of the slide 11 the support plate 13 of the slide smoothly presses the locking member 14 downwards, turning the two-armed lever 16 anticlockwise (
After releasing the slide 11 the recoil spring 25 of the slide expands, forcing the slide 11 forwards, the slide 11 strips the top cartridge from the magazine and pushes it into the cartridge chamber of the barrel 9. The pistol is now ready to fire.
To fire a shot, it is necessary to squeeze the trigger 35. By squeezing, the trigger 35 is turned anticlockwise, leans against the locking lever 37 and turns its lower head 38 forwards. The lower head 38 of the locking lever 37 enters the aperture 8 in the front wall of the frame 1, assuming the position between the support surface 20 in the rear portion of the two-armed lever 16 and the upper wall of the aperture 8 in the front wall of the frame 1, by which means the two-armed lever 16 is secured against moving anticlockwise. During another turn, the trigger 35 presses on the hammer stop 34, turning it anticlockwise, by which means the hammer stop 34 is taken out of the striking protrusion 32 of the control cam 31. This results in releasing the main spring 33, which begins to expand vigorously, turning the control cam 31 of the hammer vigorously anticlockwise. Also the hammer 27 will be turned vigorously anticlockwise by means of the pull rod 30, and consequently transmits the energetic strike to the striker 28, which by means of its firing pin 29 transmits the energetic strike to the percussion cap of the cartridge, situated in the cartridge chamber of the barrel 9. After the firing pin breaks the percussion cap, a shot occurs.
During the firing cycle, powder gases press on the slide 11 through the bottom of the cartridge case, trying to push it backwards. The slide 11 transmits the pressure of the powder gases through the support plate 13 of the slide in its front lower portion to the locking member 14, against which the plate 13 leans, trying to push the locking member 14 downwards. The locking member 14 transmits the pressure of the powder gases to the frame 1 through the rear wall of the seat 18 of the two-armed lever 16 backwards and over the locking spring 21 downwards.
During the movement of the bullet through the channel of the barrel the slide 11 receives sufficient energy of the powder gases to overcome the inertial force of the slide 11, the elastic force of the locking member 14, the elastic force of the locking spring 21 and the elastic force of the recoil spring 25 of the slide 11. As a result, after the bullet is ejected out of the channel of the barrel 9, the support plate 13 of the slide pushes the locking member 14 downwards, releasing a path for backward movement along with the slide 11. As the slide moves backwards, it extracts the spent cartridge case from the cartridge chamber of the barrel 9, compressing its recoil spring 25, and due to the pressure of its rear portion and longitudinal shape chamfer 12 acts on the hammer and cocks both the hammer and the control cam 31 of the hammer into the striking position, thereby compressing the main spring 33. As the slide 11 approaches the rearmost position, the support plate 13 of the slide leans against the rear damping member 15 pushing it downwards. At the same time, the locking spring 21 is pressed, or, to be more specific, its rear arm is pressed. Consequently, the slide 11 more continuously and gradually transmits part of the kinetic energy of its movement through the damping member 15 and the locking spring 21 of the pistol frame 1 downwards. After hitting the rear stops 23 on the body 22 of the mechanism for locking the slide, the slide 11 is retracted due to the action of the recoil spring 25 to the starting position and strips the top cartridge from the magazine 42, pushing it into the cartridge chamber of the barrel 9 to perform the next shot.
For removing the magazine 42 from the pistol grip the shooter must press against the cap 41 of the magazine detent 39 towards the grip with the front part of the middle finger of the hand holding the pistol. At the same time, the nose 40 of the magazine detent 39 is released from the body of the magazine 42 and is ejected from its aperture 43. Thus, the body of the magazine 42 is released and can be easily removed from the pistol grip.
In comparison to known pistols with a non-movable barrel, mounted on the frame, the invention allows to fire with high performance cartridges, while maintaining relatively low weight of the slide and of the whole pistol.
In addition, the pistol design ensures high accuracy of shooting, reduced recoil movement felt in the shooter's hand, a greater handling ease while aiming and shooting, a greater convenience in turning off the magazine detent while overcharging, as well as better access to the parts of the striking and trigger mechanisms for the purposes of cleaning, lubrication, functional check and repair.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV 2015-782 | Nov 2015 | CZ | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2016/056246 | 10/18/2016 | WO | 00 |
