Patent Application
20140323566
The present invention relates to a new metal-salen complex compound having self-magnetic properties.
Generally, when a drug is administered to a living body, it reaches an affected site and exerts its pharmacological effects at that affected site, thereby exerting its therapeutic effects. On the other hand, even if the drug reaches tissue other than the affected site (that is, normal tissue), it will not be therapeutic.
Therefore, how to guide the drug to the affected site is important. A technique to guide the drug to the affected site is called drug delivery, which has been actively studied and developed recently. This drug delivery has at least two advantages. One advantage is that a sufficiently high drug concentration can be obtained at the affected site tissue. Pharmacological effects will not be seen unless the drug concentration at the affected site is a constant value or more. The sufficient therapeutic effects cannot be expected if the drug concentration is low.
The second advantage is that the drug is guided to only the affected site tissue and, therefore, adverse reactions to the normal tissue can be inhibited.
Such drug delivery is most effective for a cancer treatment by antitumor agents. Most antitumor agents inhibit the cell growth of cancer cells which divide actively, so that the antitumor agents will also inhibit the cell growth of even the normal tissue in which cells divide actively, such as bone marrow, hair roots, or alimentary canal mucosa.
Therefore, cancer patients to whom the antitumor agents are administered suffer adverse reactions such as anemia, hair loss, and vomiting. Since such adverse reactions impose heavy burdens on the patients, the fact is that the dosage needs to be limited and the pharmacological effects of the antitumor agents cannot be obtained sufficiently.
Alkyl antineoplastic drugs among such antineoplastic drugs are a generic term for antitumor agents having the ability to combine an alkyl group (—CH2-CH2-) with, for example, a nucleic acid protein and have the effects of alkylating DNA and inhibiting DNA replication, causing cell death. These effects work regardless of cell cycles, also works on cells of the G0 period, has a strong effect on cells which grow actively, and tends to damage, for example, bone marrow, alimentary canal mucosa, germ cells, or hair roots.
Moreover, antimetabolite antineoplastic drugs are compounds having structures similar to those of nucleic acids or metabolites in a protein synthesis process, impairs cells by, for example, inhibiting synthesis of the nucleic acids, and specifically acts on cells of a mitotic period.
Moreover, antitumor antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms, have actions such as DNA synthesis inhibition and DNA strand breaking, and exhibit antitumor activity.
Also, microtubule inhibitors have antitumor effects by directly acting on microtubules that serve important roles to maintain normal functions of cells, for example, by forming spindles during cell division, locating cell organelles, and transporting substances. The microtubule inhibitors act on cells, which divide actively, and nerve cells.
Moreover, platinum preparations inhibit DNA synthesis by forming DNA strands, interchain bonds, or DNA protein bonds. Cisplatin is a representative drug, but it causes severe nephropathia and requires a large amount of fluid replacement.
Furthermore, parahormone antineoplastic drugs are effective against hormone-dependent tumors. Female hormones or anti-androgen drugs are administered to an androgen-dependent prostatic cancer.
Furthermore, molecular targeted drugs are used for a treatment targeted at molecules that correspond to molecular biological characters specific to respective malignant tumors.
Moreover, topoisomerase inhibitors are enzymes for temporarily generating breaks in DNA and changing the number of tangles of DNA strands. A topoisomerase inhibitor I is an enzyme that generates breaks in one strand of a circular DNA, lets the other strand pass, and then closes the breaks; and a topoisomerase inhibitor II temporarily breaks both the two strands of the circular DNA, lets other two DNA strands pass between the former two strands, and reconnects the broken strands.
Furthermore, nonspecific immunopotentiators inhibit an increase of cancer cells by activating the immune system.
Now, as mentioned earlier, cancer patients to whom the antitumor agents are administered suffer adverse reactions such as anemia, hair loss, and vomiting. In consideration of such adverse reactions imposing heavy burdens on the patients, the dosage needs to be limited and the pharmacological effects of the antitumor agents may not be obtained sufficiently. In a worse-case scenario, there is fear that the patients might die due to the adverse reactions.
So, it is expected that cancer treatment can be provided effectively while inhibiting the adverse reactions by means of the drug delivery by guiding the anti-tumor agent to cancer cells and having the pharmacological effects exhibited and focused on the cancer cells. Topical anesthetics also have the same kind of problems. The topical anesthetics are used to treat topical itches and pains of, for example, mucosa or skin caused by hemorrhoidal disease, stomatitis, gum disease, cavities, tooth extraction, or operations. Lidocaine (product name: xylocaine) is known as a representative topical anesthetic; however, this lidocaine is faster-acting, but has an antiarrhythmic effect.
Furthermore, if lidocaine which is an anesthetic is injected into the spinal fluid when giving spinal anesthesia, lidocaine will spread through the spinal fluid; and in a worst-case scenario, there is fear that lidocaine might reach a cervical part of the spinal cord and thereby cause a respiratory function to stop and bring about critical adverse effects.
So, it is expected that cancer treatment can be provided effectively while inhibiting the adverse reactions by using the drug delivery to guide the anti-tumor agent to cancer cells and have the pharmacological effects exhibited and focused on the cancer cells.
It is also expected that the drug delivery can prevent diffusion of topical anesthetics, maintain the pharmacological effects, and reduce the adverse reactions.
An example of a specific method for the drug delivery is the use of a carrier. This is to load the carrier, which tends to concentrate on the affected site, with the drug and have the carrier carry the drug to the affected site.
A promising candidate of the carrier is a magnetic substance and there is a suggested method of attaching the carrier, which is the magnetic substance, to the drug and allowing the carrier to be accumulated at the affected site by a magnetic field (see, for example, Patent Literature 1).
However, when using the magnetic substance carrier as the carrier, it is difficult to aurally administer the magnetic substance carrier, molecules of the carrier are generally giant, and there are technical problems about binding strength and affinity between the carrier and the drug molecules; and because of the above-described reasons, it has been difficult to achieve the practical use of the magnetic substance carrier.
Therefore, a topical anesthetic is suggested in which side chains for giving positive or negative spin charge density are bonded to a basic skeleton of an organic compound, and which has suitability as a whole insofar as the topical anesthetic is guided by an external magnetic field; and if the topical anesthetic is applied to a human body or an animal, it is retained in an area where a magnetic field is applied topically by the magnetic field outside the body and the medicinal effects that the topical anesthetic originally has are exerted on the area. The above-mentioned technique uses an iron-salen complex as an example of such a drug (see Patent Literature 2).
Furthermore, a review article is introduced about an organic magnetic substance which creates magnets from high polymer materials by means of synthesis of “high-spin molecules” with more parallel spins than conventional metal magnetic substances (for example, see Non Patent Literature 1).
Furthermore, a technique that substitutes platinum contained in cisplatin with another element is also introduced (for example, see Non Patent Literature 2).
However, Non Patent Literature 1 and 2 do not state that the drug itself becomes magnetic.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new self-magnetic metal-salen complex compound and its derivatives.
In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention is characterized in that it is a new self-magnetic metal-salen complex compound represented by the following formula (I).
Each of X and Y is a five-membered ring structure including a coordinate bond between N and M, or its six-membered ring structure, wherein M is a bivalent metallic element composed of Fe (iron), Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), Ru (rubidium), Rh (rhodium), Pd (palladium), W (tungsten), Re (rhenium), Os (osmium), Ir (iridium), Pt (platinum), Nd (niobium), Sm (samarium), Eu (europium) or Gd (gadolinium). If both X and Y are the five-membered ring structure, b and g do not exist and Formula (I) is any one of (i) to (iv).
(i) Each of a to h is hydrogen or any one of (A) to (G) mentioned below and —C(═O)m (where m is hydrogen or any one of (A) to (G) mentioned below);
(ii) each of (c, d) and (f, e) forms part of a heterocyclic structure and constitutes a condensate of the compound represented by Formula (I) and the heterocyclic structure,
each of a, b, g, and h is hydrogen or any one of (A) to (G) mentioned below and —C(═O)m (where m is hydrogen or any one of (A) to (G) mentioned below),
the heterocyclic structure is any one of three-membered to seven-membered ring structures containing furan, theophene, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazolone, imidazole, 2-isoimidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, imidazole, imidazolidine, oxazoline, oxazolidine, 1,2-pyran, thiazine, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, orthoxadine, oxazine, piperidine, piperazine, triazine, dioxane, or morpholine, and
a side chain for the heterocyclic structure is halogen, —R, —O—R (where R is one functional group selected from a hydrocarbon group including a methyl group), or hydrogen;
(iii) each of (c, d) and (f, e) forms part of one of condensed ring structures containing benzene or naphthalene and anthracene and forms a condensate of the compound represented by Formula (I) and the condensed ring structure,
each of a, b, g, and h is hydrogen or any one of (A) to (G) mentioned below, and
a side chain for the condensed ring structure is halogen, R—O—: (where R is one functional group selected from a hydrocarbon group including a methyl group), or hydrogen;
(iv) each of a and h forms part of a cyclic hydrocarbon structure containing a compound mentioned below and forms a condensate of the compound represented by Formula (I) and the cyclic hydrocarbon structure
each of b to g and a side chain for the cyclic hydrocarbon structure is hydrogen or any one of (A) to (G) mentioned below.
(A) —CO2R, —C(═O)R (where R represents hydrogen or chain or cyclic hydrocarbon having a saturated structure with carbon number 1 to 6 or an unsaturated structure (alkane or alkyne))
(where R2 represents one of nucleic acids which are formed of adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, or uracil, or a plurality of the nucleic acids which are combined together);
(E) —NHCOH or —NR1R2 (where R1 and R2 represent hydrogen or chain or cyclic hydrocarbon with the same or different saturated structure with carbon number 1 to 6 or unsaturated structure (alkane or alkyne));
(F) —NHR3—, —NHCOR3, —CO2—R3, —S—S—R3 or —R3 (where R3 represents hydrogen or a substituted compound as a result of elimination of a leaving group such as a hydroxyl group; and the substituted compound is functional molecules including at least one of enzymes, antibodies, antigens, peptides, amino acids, oligonucleotides, proteins, nucleic acids, and medical molecules); and
(G) halogen atoms such as chlorine, bromine, or fluorine.
The metal-salen complex compound represented by Formula (I) is a self-magnetic organic compound that does not contain a magnetic carrier. Therefore, another present invention is characterized in that it is a magnetic drug containing this metal-salen complex as an active ingredient and is administered into the body of a human or an animal and then guided to a target tissue by irradiating the human or animal body with an external magnetic field.
Furthermore, the metal-salen complex represented by Formula (I) is effective for treatment of tumors such as cancers. Therefore, another present invention is characterized in that it is an antitumor drug containing the magnetic drug as an active ingredient.
A system for guiding the metal-salen complex to the affected site is realized by supplying magnetic field to the metal-salen complex from outside the body by using the magnetic properties of the metal-salen complex. Therefore, another present invention is characterized in that it is a method for guiding a magnetic drug such as an anticancer agent containing the metal-salen complex as an active ingredient to the affected site by administering the magnetic drug into the body and then irradiating the body with an external magnetic field. Furthermore, another present invention is characterized in that it is a magnetic drug guiding system including a means for applying the magnetic drug into the body, a means for supplying a magnetic field to the drug applied to inside the body, and a means for moving the magnetic field to the affected site.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new metal-salen complex compound having self-magnetic properties, and magnetic drugs, antitumor drugs and a method and system for guiding magnetic drugs and antitumor drugs using such a new metal-salen complex compound.
Preferred embodiments of the self-magnetic metal-salen complex compound represented by Formula (I) are (II) to (XI) below.
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(a to h)=H
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(c, f)=C(O)H
(a, b, d, e, g, h)=H
X, Y: five-membered ring structure, (a, c, d, e, f, h)=H
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(a, b, g, h): H
(e, f), (g, h): constitute part of furan and furan is condensed with a main skeleton.
M: Fe
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(a, h): constitute part of cyclohexane and cyclohexane is condensed with a main skeleton.
(c, d), (e, f): constitute benzene
(b, g): H
M: Fe
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(a, h): constitute part of benzene
(c, d), (e, f): constitute benzene
(b, g): H
M: Fe
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(c, d), (e, f): constitute anthracene
(a, b, g, h): H
M: Fe
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(c, d), (e, f): constitute anthracene
(a, b, g, h)=H
Isomer of (V)
M: Fe
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(c, d), (e, f): constitute benzene
Side chains at meta positions of benzene are halogens (bromine).
(a, b, g, h): H
M: Fe
X, Y: six-membered ring structure
(c, d), (e, f): constitute benzene
Side chains at meta positions of benzene are methoxyl groups.
(a, b, g, h): H
M: Fe
Since the metal-salen complex compound of Formula (I) has magnetic properties so that it can be guided by an external magnetic field, an absolute value of charge transfer of its side chain should preferably be less than 0.5 electrons (e). The substituted compound described in, for example, WO 2010/058280 can be used as the aforementioned R3 which constitutes the above-described side chain. The content of the above-mentioned publication constitutes descriptions of the specification of this application.
As the metal-salen complex compound represented by Formula (I) is administered to inside the body and then guided to the target tissue by irradiating the body with the external magnetic field, the magnetic force strength of the metal-salen complex compound and the magnetization strength of the drug containing this metal-salen complex compound as an active ingredient are respectively within the range from 0.5 to 1.5 emu/g. The magnetic drugs are mainly injections or transfusions, or may be powdered drugs. Saline can be preferably used as a solvent for the injections or the transfusions. The magnetic drug contain the metal-salen complex as an active ingredient, for example, by 50 wt % or more; and in addition, the magnetic drug may contain diluents, stabilizing agents, and second active pharmaceutical ingredients which will have no or little influence on effectiveness, physical properties, or chemical properties of the metal-salen complex. The aforementioned metal-salen complex compound can be used as an anticancer agent.
Examples of the means for supplying a magnetic field to the magnetic drug after applying the magnetic drug into a human or animal body are permanent magnets or induction magnetic fields such as MRI. The strength of the external magnetic field should preferably be within the range of 0.5 to 1.0 T, or more preferably 0.8 to 1.0 T. Examples of the means for moving the magnetic field to the affected site include MRI besides an X-Y table for moving the permanent magnet. Examples of a form for supplying the magnetic field to the affected site tissues include a form for supplying the magnetic field from the body surface and a form for setting the magnetic field generating means at blood vessels near the affected site tissues. In order to supply the magnetic field from the body surface, there is a form for supplying the magnetic field from the front of the body and/or the back of the body.
Next, examples of the present invention will be explained.
The metal-salen complex compound (II) was synthesized in accordance with the following reaction formulas.
P-TsOH (10 mg) was added to an ethyl formate solution (60 ml) containing glycine methyl ester monohydrochloride (10.0 g, 0.079 mol) and the obtained solution was heated to boiling. Several drops of triethylamine were put into the solution while being boiled; and the mixed solution was brought to reflux for 24 hours and then cooled down to room temperature. Subsequently, white triethylaminehydrochloride was filtered and the residue was concentrated to 20 ml. The obtained solution was cooled down to a temperature of −5 degrees Celsius and then filtered. A reddish brown concentrated solution which was a residue (Compound 1) was obtained.
CH2Cl2 (20 ml) was dissolved in Compound 1. Then, ethane-1,2-diamine (1.2 g) and acetic acid (HOAc) (20 μl) were added to the obtained solution; and this reacted mixed solution was then brought to reflux for 6 hours. Subsequently, the reactant mixed solution was cooled down to room temperature, thereby obtaining 4 g of a yellow oil concentrate (Compound 2). Purity of the obtained Compound 2 was enhanced by flash column chromatography by using silica gel.
Compound 2 and triethylamine were introduced in methanol (50 ml) and a solution of metallic chloride (FeCl3(4H2O) when synthesizing the iron-salen complex compound) was mixed in methanol (10 ml) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture were mixed for one hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, thereby obtaining a brown compound. Then, this compound was dried in a vacuum, the obtained compound was diluted with dichloromethane (400 ml), washed twice with a saline solution, was dried over Na2SO4, and then dried in a vacuum, thereby obtaining Compound 0 (the metal-salen complex compound (II)).
The metal-salen complex compound (II) was synthesized in accordance with the following reaction formulas.
Compound 5 was synthesized by introducing 3.4 g of 3-methylacetylacetone (Compound 4) and 0.9 g of ethylene diamine (Compound 3) into anhydrous methanol (50 ml) while adjusting pH to pH 6 by using acetic acid on ice. The obtained solution was brought to reflux for 15 minutes and allowed to evaporate until its volume reduces to one half its original volume. Then, water of the same volume was added to the solution and let it deposit, thereby obtaining 1.4 g of white compound (Compound 5).
Subsequently, Compound 5 (1.2 g, 5 mmol) was introduced into methanol (50 ml) and FeSO4.7H2O (1.4 g, 5 mmol) was added to the obtained solution, thereby obtaining a pale bluish green solution. As this mixed solution was stirred for 8 hours at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, its color gradually changed to brown. Subsequently, the solution was allowed to evaporate to reduce a half of its volume and then the same volume of water was added to the obtained solution. Next, vacuum was produced to allow methanol to evaporate, thereby obtaining brown lumps. These lumps were gathered, washed with water, and dried by producing a vacuum, thereby obtaining 360 mg of the target compound (the metal-salen complex compound (II)).
The metal-salen complex compound (II) was synthesized in accordance with the following reaction formulas.
Iron (II) acetate (0.83 g, 4.8 mmol) and degassed methanol (48 ml) were introduced into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere and acetylacetone (0.95 g, 9.5 mmol) was added to the obtained solution. The solution was stirred in a reflux for 15 minutes and then let it stand to cool. Deposited crystals were filtered and the obtained solution was washed with cooled methanol (10 ml). Subsequently, the solution was dried under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining 1.07 g of an intermediate.
The intermediate (1.07 g, 3.4 mmol), ligand atoms (0.70 g, 3.4 mmol), and degassed decalin (30 ml) were introduced into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere and the obtained solution was stirred in a reflux for 1 hour. After letting the solution stand to cool and filtering a deposited solid, the obtained solid was washed with degassed cyclohexane (10 ml). Next, the solution was dried under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining 0.17 g of a product (the metal-salen complex compound (II)).
The metal-salen complex compound (III) was synthesized in accordance with the following reaction formulas.
Iron (II) acetate (0.78 g, 4.5 mmol) and degassed methanol (20 ml) were introduced into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere and acetylacetone (0.91 g, 9.9 mmol) was added to the obtained solution. The solution was stirred in a reflux for 15 minutes and then let it stand to cool. Deposited crystals were filtered, and the obtained solution was washed with cooled methanol (10 ml). Subsequently, the solution was dried under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining 0.58 g (yield 67%) of an intermediate.
The intermediate (240 mg, 0.75 mmol), ligand atoms (210 mg, 0.75 mmol), and degassed decalin (10 ml) were introduced into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere and the obtained solution was stirred in a reflux for 30 minutes. After letting the solution stand to cool and filtering a deposited solid, the obtained solid was washed with degassed cyclohexane (3 ml). Next, the solution was dried under reduced pressure, thereby obtaining 101 mg of a product (the metal-salen complex compound (III)).
The metal-salen complex compound (IV) was synthesized in accordance with the following reaction formulas.
Iron (II) acetate (0.83 g, 4.8 mmol) and degassed methanol (48 ml) were introduced into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere and acetylacetone (0.95 g, 9.5 mmol) was added to the obtained solution. The solution was stirred in a reflux for 15 minutes and then let it stand to cool. Next, Compound 7 (120 mg, 2.0 mmol) and SiO2 (1 g) were added to a solution of Compound 6 (60 mg, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 ml); and the obtained solution was stirred all night at room temperature to cause a reaction, thereby synthesizing Compound 8. Subsequently, the obtained Compound 8 together with iron (II) acetate (0.83 g, 4.8 mmol) and degassed methanol (48 ml) was introduced into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere and acetylacetone (0.95 g, 9.5 mmol) was added to the obtained solution. The solution was stirred for 15 minutes in a reflux and deposited crystals were filtered, thereby obtaining a brown target compound (the metal-salen complex compound (IV)).
The compounds (V) to (XI) were synthesized by a method described on pages 43 to 47 of a specification of WO2010/058280. Bromine or a methoxyl group which is a side chain is added to a main skeleton, when forming a metal complex bond to salen, by substituting a protecting group (NHBoc), which is bonded to a benzene ring at a para position with an OH group of the benzene ring, with bromine or the methoxyl group. With the compounds of (VIII) and (IX) in which (c, d) and (e, f) constitute anthracene, the following compound is used as a starting material instead of para-nitrophenol.
Regarding synthesis of the metal-salen complex (VI) in which (a, h) constitute cyclohexane and the metal-salen complex (VII) in which (a, h) constitute benzene, the target salen before forming a coordinate bond with a metal is produced by a method described in Journal of Thermal Analysis and calorimetry, Vol. 75 (2004) 599-606, Experimental on page 600.
Whether the aqueous solution of each metal-salen complex (II) to (XI) could be trapped by the permanent magnet or not was examined while having a pump circulate the aqueous solution in a glass tube. A circulation speed of the aqueous solution of the metal-salen complex was 100 mm/s, the diameter of the glass tube was 1.3 mm, the distance between the surface of the glass tube and the permanent magnet was 1.35 mm, and a concentration of the compound was 10 mg/ml. The magnet used was a commercially available bar magnet with a circular cross-section (20 mm in diameter; 150 mm long; model number N50 by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; maximum magnetic flux density 0.8T). Each metal complex was checked if it was trapped in an area where it traps on the magnet.
Regarding each of the metal (iron)-salen complexes (II) to (XI) obtained by the above-described methods, powder of the iron-salen complex compound (10 mg) was applied, to the degree allowing its magnetic attraction to be visibly observed, to a culture medium (PBS) when the rat L6 cells were in a 30% confluent state; and the state of the culture medium was photographed after 48 hours.
Next, a guide example using a guide device will be explained. With this guide device, as illustrated in
The drug can be concentrated on a specific tissue by placing a tissue in the region of the magnetic field. After intravenously injecting the aforementioned metal-salen complex (drug concentration: 5 mg/ml (15 mmol)) to a mouse weighing about 30 g, a laparotomy was performed, and the mouse was placed on the iron plate to locate its right kidney between the pair of magnets. The magnets used were Product No. N50 (neodymium permanent magnets) by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. with a residual flux density of 1.39 to 1.44 T. Under this circumstance, the magnetic field applied to the right kidney was about 0.3 T, and the magnetic field applied to its left kidney was about 1/10 of the above-mentioned magnetic field.
Together with the left kidney and a kidney to which no field was applied (Control), a magnetic field was applied to the right kidney of the mouse; and after 10 minutes the SNR was measured by MRI in T1 mode and T2 mode. As a result as shown in
Application of the bar magnet was performed in such a way so that the magnetic field strength became maximal over the area of expected melanoma extension, which was approximately 150 mm or shorter in mouse tail tendons with the growth period of 2 weeks. Twelve days after the initial injection of the metal-salen complex, the extension of melanoma was evaluated by assessing the area of melanoma pigmentation. As shown in
Meanwhile, the melanoma extension modestly decreased (63.68±16.3%) in the SC group, in which the salen complex was injected without the application of a magnetic force field. In contrast, most melanoma disappeared (9.05±3.42%) in the SC+Mag group, in which the metal-salen complex was injected while applying a magnetic field.
A histological examination was performed as shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-163621 | Jul 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/062301 | 5/14/2012 | WO | 00 | 7/14/2014 |
