Patent Application
20070257132
The present invention provides a simplified and reliable construction for a high-pressure rotating water jet nozzle which is particularly well suited to industrial uses where the operating parameters can be in the range of 1,000 to 40,000 psi, rotating speeds of 10,000 rpm or more and flow rates of 2 to 50 gpm. Under such use the size, construction, cost, durability and ease of maintenance for such devices present many problems. Combined length and diameter of such devices may not exceed a few inches. The more extreme operating parameters and great reduction in size compound the problems. Pressure, temperature and wear factors affect durability and ease of maintenance and attendant cost, inconvenience and safety in use of such devices. Use of small metal parts and poor quality of materials in such devices may result in their deterioration or breakage and related malfunctioning and jamming of small spray discharge orifices or the like. The present invention addresses these issues by providing a simplified construction with a greatly reduced number of parts and a design in which net operating forces on nozzle components are minimized.
This invention is intended for to provide a nozzle for use in a high pressure (HP) range of approximately 1,000 to 40,000 psi having a “straight through” liquid path to a jet head at an end of the device where the head is capable of providing rotating coverage of greater than hemispherical extent, including the area directly along the axis of rotation of the device. In a typical nozzle assembly the internal forces resulting from such operating pressures tend to create an axial thrust force acting against the nozzle shaft with the force corresponding to the operating pressure and cross sectional area of the shaft. An example of a prior art device using mechanical bearings is shown in Applicants' prior U.S. Pat. No. 6,059,202. This prior art device provides the benefit that pressurized operating liquid can take a “straight through” from the inlet for the liquid source to the nozzle head. However, in this device the rotating nozzle shaft is supported against the internal axial thrust forces by a series of stacked bearings, with plural bearings being used to bear the relatively high thrust load without increasing the diameter of the device. In such devices the mechanical bearings have been used to serve as both radial and thrust bearings, however the size and/or quantity of such bearings has been dictated primarily by the need to resist thrust forces.
It has generally been considered desirable to keep the diameter of any rotating portions of a nozzle smaller than the largest diameter of such a nozzle so that contact between the rotating portions and any surface being cleaned is minimized thereby minimizing abrasive wear to the nozzle and interference with the rotational movement of the nozzle jets. Other prior art devices have used nozzles which rotate around a central tube which provides the liquid source. However for the aforementioned reason, such devices, while being able to provide a cylindrical path of coverage with their rotating bodies, have not been well adapted to both providing a rotating coverage which can include a path very close to the rotational axis of the device and an “straight-through” liquid path.
In contrast the device of the present invention provides a much simplified structure which also provides a straight-through liquid path in which the pressure of the operating fluid is also allowed to reach and act upon opposing surfaces of the rotating nozzle shaft so as to effectively balance any axial thrust force. Further a small detachable jet head having a diameter smaller than the body of the nozzle can be attached at the leading end of the nozzle to provide an improved coverage pattern for the high-pressure liquid. This is accomplished by providing a “bleed hole” to allow a small portion of pressurized liquid to reach a chamber or channel within the housing but outside the exterior of the forward portion of the nozzle shaft where the liquid pressure can act upon the nozzle shaft with a sufficient axial component so as to balance the corresponding axial component against the nozzle shaft created by the internal liquid pressure. This chamber or channel communicates with the exterior of the device by means of a slightly tapered frusto-conical bore surrounding a corresponding tapered portion of the shaft which further allows the fluid to flow between the body and the shaft to facilitate or lubricate the shaft rotation.
Because of the tapered shape, the spacing between the housing and the shaft varies slightly with axial movement of the shaft and creates a “self balancing” effect in which the axial forces upon the shaft remain balanced and there is always some liquid flowing between the shaft and housing which helps decrease contact and resulting wear between these two components. Due to the lack of any significant imbalanced radial forces and the fluid flowing between the surfaces of the shaft and housing, a device of the present invention can be constructed without additional mechanical bearings.
Among the objects of the invention is to simplify the configuration of moving parts of a small high pressure spray nozzle to reduce the cost, number of parts and facilitate economical manufacture and replacement of the wearable parts.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved operation of rotatable high pressure nozzles by improving the configuration of the bearing parts and eliminating use of mechanical bearings heretofore used to resist high axial forces generated by the liquid pressures usually involved.
Another object of the invention is to help achieve a small durable light weight elongated and small diameter rotating high pressure spray nozzle assembly which can be conveniently carried on the end of a spray lance and readily inserted into small diameter tubes and the like to clean the same as well as being usable on other structures or large flat areas.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotating high pressure jet in which the need for ongoing maintenance is minimized.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotating nozzle in which forces acting upon the rotating shaft from the operating liquid are balanced to eliminate the need for separate mechanical thrust bearings.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotating nozzle which is simple and mechanically reliable when operated at very high pressures and in very small diameters such as those required for cleaning heat exchanger tubes.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotating nozzle in which rotating shaft is supported and lubricated by the operating liquid without need for separate mechanical bearings or separate lubricant.
A further object of the invention is to provide a rotating nozzle for use with a high pressure liquid without the need for tight mechanical seals between relatively rotating parts.
A further object of the invention is to provide a rotating nozzle for use with a high pressure liquid in which jet heads of varying configurations are readily interchangeable.
Another object of the invention is to provide a nozzle with small detachable jet head having a diameter smaller than the body of the nozzle and which can provide an unrestricted spray in a path including a forward axial direction.
As can be seen most clearly in
At the opposite end of the housing inlet portion is a cylindrical cavity 5 which receives the inlet end 6 of the rotating shaft A. The annular interface 7 between the housing and shaft is sized so as to minimize leakage while still allowing rotation of the shaft A with a slight cushion of liquid. Typically the gap of the interface 7 will be approximately 0.0025″ to 0.0005″. Some passage of liquid at the interface 7 is desirable in order to allow a liquid layer to facilitate the rotating movement between the shaft A and body portion B. Elimination of the need of a seal at interface 7 reduces manufacturing expense and complexity in providing such a seal. Body portion B is provided with radial “weep” holes 8 to the exterior for escape of liquid passing the interface 7 or other paths along the exterior of shaft A.
The shaft inlet 10 is open to the cavity 5 to of provide direct flow of liquid into the central of bore 11 of the shaft A. Under normal operation the pressurized liquid exerts an axial force on the inlet end 6 of shaft A which will be referred to herein as the “input force.” This force is directly proportional to (1) the area of the inlet end 6 perpendicular to the direction of liquid flow and (2) the pressure of the liquid. It is this axial force which the present invention is intended to counteract with an equal opposing force.
As the liquid enters the shaft most of the liquid will pass through the central bore of the shaft to exit through the nozzle head 15 attached to the outlet end 12 of the shaft. Head 15 will typically be provided with exit holes or orifices 16 positioned to direct high pressure liquid toward a surface to be cleaned and oriented to impart a reactive force to rotate the head and shaft.
A significant feature which eliminates the need for dedicated thrust bearings is the provision of one or passages 20 which communicate between the central bore 11 of the shaft and a chamber 21 defined between the outer surface of shaft A and the inner surface of the housing portion B and having an outlet with sufficient restriction to retain liquid pressure within the chamber.
Passage or passages 20 are ideally configured to allow the pressurized liquid to reach chamber 21 with minimal restriction to allow sufficient pressure to be achieved within chamber 21 so as to act upon the annular surface of the shaft created by the stepped shoulder portion 22. The stepped shoulder portion 22 has a surface 23 which is directly perpendicular to the axis of the device. Liquid pressure acting upon this surface creates a thrust force (which will be designated herein as the “resistive force”) having a net axial component acting upon the shaft which is opposed to and capable of countering the input force described previously.
In the embodiment shown in
In order that the input and resistive forces may remain balanced the chamber 21 is provided with an outlet and regulator passage along the path defined by the narrow frusto/conical gap 30 between correspondingly shaped portions of shaft A and housing portion B. The tapered configuration allows variation in the size of the gap as the shaft moves axially with respect to the housing. For example, the width of gap 30 may vary, being approximately .0001″ as the shaft A is positioned toward the jet head shown in
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in
In accordance with the features and benefits described herein, the present invention is intended to be defined by the claims below and their equivalents.
