This disclosure relates generally to hydraulic fracturing and more particularly to systems and methods for regulating pumping operations.
With advancements in technology over the past few decades, the ability to reach unconventional sources of hydrocarbons has tremendously increased. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are two such ways that new developments in technology have led to hydrocarbon production from previously unreachable shale formations. Hydraulic fracturing (fracturing) operations typically require powering numerous components in order to recover oil and gas resources from the ground. For example, hydraulic fracturing usually includes pumps that inject fracturing fluid down the wellbore, blenders that mix proppant into the fluid, cranes, wireline units, and many other components that all must perform different functions to carry out fracturing operations.
Usually in fracturing systems the fracturing equipment runs on diesel-generated mechanical power or by other internal combustion engines. Such engines may be very powerful, but have certain disadvantages. Diesel is more expensive, is less environmentally friendly, less safe, and heavier to transport than natural gas. For example, heavy diesel engines may require the use of a large amount of heavy equipment, including trailers and trucks, to transport the engines to and from a wellsite. In addition, such engines are not clean, generating large amounts of exhaust and pollutants that may cause environmental hazards, and are extremely loud, among other problems. Onsite refueling, especially during operations, presents increased risks of fuel leaks, fires, and other accidents. The large amounts of diesel fuel needed to power traditional fracturing operations requires constant transportation and delivery by diesel tankers onto the well site, resulting in significant carbon dioxide emissions.
Some systems have tried to eliminate partial reliance on diesel by creating bi-fuel systems. These systems blend natural gas and diesel, but have not been very successful. It is thus desirable that a natural gas powered fracturing system be used in order to improve safety, save costs, and provide benefits to the environment over diesel powered systems. Turbine use is well known as a power source, but is not typically employed for powering fracturing operations.
Though less expensive to operate, safer, and more environmentally friendly, turbine generators come with their own limitations and difficulties as well. As is well known, turbines generally operate more efficiently at higher loads. Many power plants or industrial plants steadily operate turbines at 98% to 99% of their maximum potential to achieve the greatest efficiency and maintain this level of use without significant difficulty. This is due in part to these plants having a steady power demand that either does not fluctuate (i.e., constant power demand), or having sufficient warning if a load will change (e.g., when shutting down or starting up a factory process).
Space is at a premium at a fracturing site, where different vendors are often working simultaneously to prepare for a fracturing operation. As a result, utilizing systems that have large footprints may be undesirable. However, pressure pumpers still need to be able to provide sufficient pumping capacity in order to complete fracturing jobs.
During operations, a slurry solution is directed toward a fracturing pump, such as a positive displacement pump, and is charged in order to reduce fluid pulsations and pressure fluctuations. Often, a charging unit is provided, which has a separate set of maintenance and operation steps. As a result, additional time is lost at the site, along with an increased footprint and complicated set up.
Applicant recognized the problems noted above herein and conceived and developed embodiments of systems and methods, according to the present disclosure, for pump control operations.
In an embodiment, a complete self-regulating system includes plumbing air (or other substance) lines, regulators, and valves on a frac pump (or other locations within the system) in order to utilize an existing air supply located within the tractor that the pump trailers are connected to. Additionally, in embodiments, a centralized source could be deployed on location and tied into this self-regulating system. This would serve as new configuration and set up creating an improvement to the system. It also is an improvement to the process of maintaining these units, eliminating the need to manually transport a supply to each individual unit.
In an embodiment, plumbing is provided from a supply source from the tractor or centralized source. Also, embodiments include regulators and valves so that the dampener can be re-charged without the need of hooking up a supply source each time a unit needs re-filled. Gauges are also installed so a visual can be seen on what the current charge pressure is. Other sensors, probes, meters, monitors could be utilized along with some intelligent local or remote algorithm that would further self-regulate pressure without the need of human interaction
In an embodiment, air lines from the tractor's trailer air tank feeding into a ball valve and then an air pressure regulator. From there, additional air lines feed into the inlet of the suction dampener/stabilizer. The regulator is manual at this time and depends on a human to set pressure and open the ball valve. However, embodiments may incorporate sensors detecting pressure and automated valves and regulators that could recharge the system when low-pressure limits are reached, as well as bleed off pressure if a high pressure limit were to be reached. Embodiments may also include replacement of individual pump suction dampeners/stabilizers with one single unit placed prior to the pumps. This could be on the suction side of the blender, the discharge side of the blender, on the supply missile or another location within the system. Additionally, multiple units that serve two or more pumps may be deployed.
In an embodiment, a hydraulic fracturing pump system includes an electric powered hydraulic fracturing pump, a suction stabilizer/dampener coupled to a suction end of the pump, a compressed gas supply, fluidly coupled to the suction stabilizer/dampener, and a control system (e.g., dampener control system) positioned along a flow path between the suction stabilizer/dampener and the compressed gas supply. The control system includes a valve, a regulator, and a sensor. The system may also include an electronic control system, which may include an electronics package to operate the pump, gas supply, etc. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that the pump system may be formed form individual subsystems that may cooperate to enable operations of the pump system.
In an embodiment, a method for controlling a pumping operation includes charging a suction stabilizer/dampener via a compressed gas supply. The method also includes determining a charge pressure of the suction stabilizer/dampener is within a threshold of a target pressure. The method further includes setting a pressure control device, along a flow path between the suction stabilizer/dampener and the compressed gas supply. The method also includes operating a hydraulic fracturing pump coupled to the suction stabilizer/dampener.
In an embodiment, a hydraulic fracturing pump system includes an electric powered hydraulic fracturing pump positioned on a support structure. The system also includes a suction stabilizer/dampener coupled to a suction end of the pump. The system further includes a compressed gas supply, fluidly coupled to the suction stabilizer/dampener, and positioned on the support structure. The system also includes a flow path between the suction stabilizer/dampener and the compressed gas supply, the flow path including at least one valve and at least one regulator configured to control flow from the compressed gas supply to the suction stabilizer/dampener.
Some of the features and benefits of the present disclosure having been stated, others will become apparent as the description proceeds when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the disclosure will be described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
The method and system of the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments are shown. The method and system of the present disclosure may be in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the illustrated embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In an embodiment, usage of the term “about” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude. In an embodiment, usage of the term “substantially” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude.
It is to be further understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the exact details of construction, operation, exact materials, or embodiments shown and described, as modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed illustrative embodiments and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation.
When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a”, “an”, “the”, and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising”, “including”, and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Any examples of operating parameters and/or environmental conditions are not exclusive of other parameters/conditions of the disclosed embodiments. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “certain embodiments”, or “other embodiments” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Furthermore, reference to terms such as “above”, “below”, “upper”, “lower”, “side”, “front”, “back”, or other terms regarding orientation or direction are made with reference to the illustrated embodiments and are not intended to be limiting or exclude other orientations or directions. Additionally, recitations of steps of a method should be understood as being capable of being performed in any order unless specifically stated otherwise. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in series or in parallel unless specifically stated otherwise.
Current systems, in order to maintain proper charge, use an air tank or nitrogen bottle brought to each individual pump truck. This tank or bottle is hooked up to the dampener and used to fill or charge the system. This current process is time consuming and involves multiple steps in the process. Embodiments of the present disclosure overcome these challenges by enabling an operator (or automatic actuator) to open a valve and adjust a regulator to allow the system to be filled/charged. Using a regulator, a set pressure may be dialed in (e.g., set) prior to opening the valve so that the system is charged to a desire pressure. Current methods rely on operators (e.g., human operators) to fill the dampener and stop filling periodically in order to place a pressure gauge to check that status of the fill/charge. This process may be time consuming and inefficient, and moreover, may position an operator in close contact with equipment. Embodiments of the present disclosure over this problem and further reduce the need to transport and connect a supply source to each individual unit.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a self-regulating stabilizer/dampener that utilizes a ready source of gas (e.g., air) during pumping operations. As noted, during pumping, the suction stabilizer/dampener may be utilized to smooth or reduce fluid pulsations and pressure fluctuations. The suction stabilizer/dampener is charged (e.g., pressurized) using a gas, which may be provided using a vessel or tank. The compressed gas acts as a diaphragm or bladder to energize the system. Maintenance operations may be time consuming, and as a result, embodiments of the present disclosure simplify the process by providing a plumbing configuration, which couples an available supply source, such as from a nearby trailer, to the stabilizer/dampener and includes a regulator within the line. As a result, pressure provided to the stabilizer/dampener may be controlled, thereby reducing operator involvement. Moreover, embodiments may include an automated system when the regulator and an associated valve are both automatically controlled, thereby providing a configuration where an operator may not be involved with pressurizing the stabilizer/dampener.
After being discharged from the pump system 16, a distribution system 30, such as a missile, receives the slurry solution for injection into the wellhead 18. The distribution system 30 consolidates the slurry solution from each of the pump trucks 14 and includes discharge piping 32 coupled to the wellhead 18. In this manner, pressurized solution for hydraulic fracturing may be injected into the wellhead 18.
In the illustrated embodiment, one or more sensors 34, 36 are arranged throughout the hydraulic fracturing system 10 to measure various properties related to fluid flow, vibration, and the like. In embodiments, the sensors 34, 36 transmit flow data to a data van 38 for collection and analysis, among other things. Furthermore, while not pictured in
A power generation system 40 is shown, which may include turbines, generators, switchgears, transformers, and the like. In various embodiments, the power generation system 40 provides energy for one or more operations at the well site. It should be appreciated that while various embodiments of the present disclosure may describe electric motors powering the pumping units 14, in embodiments, electrical generation can be supplied by various different options, as well as hybrid options. Hybrid options may include two or more of the following electric generation options: Gas turbine generators with fuel supplied by field gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), and/or liquefied natural gas (LNG), diesel turbine generators, diesel engine generators, natural gas engine generators, batteries, electrical grids, and the like. Moreover, these electric sources may include a single source type unit or multiple units. For example, there may be one gas turbine generator, two gas turbines generators, two gas turbine generators coupled with one diesel engine generator, and various other configurations.
In various embodiments, equipment at the well site may utilize 3 phase, 60 Hz, 690V electrical power. However, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments different power specifications may be utilized, such as 4160V or at different frequencies, such as 50 Hz. Accordingly, discussions herein with a particular type of power specification should not be interpreted as limited only to the particularly discussed specification unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, systems described herein are designed for use in outdoor, oilfield conditions with fluctuations in temperature and weather, such as intense sunlight, wind, rain, snow, dust, and the like. In embodiments, the components are designed in accordance with various industry standards, such as NEMA, ANSI, and NFPA.
As noted, suction stabilizers/dampeners are used to stabilize the fluid that is supplying the positive displacement plunger pumps used in fracturing operations. By maintaining a set charge to the dampener, the dampener may function efficiently, which provides advantages to the pumping process, such as reduced cavitation, prolonged fluid end life, and reduced jerking of the suction hose, which may reduce exterior wear.
It should be appreciated that embodiments may include an automatic or manual operation, or a combination of the two. For example, the pressure gauge 220 may be utilized to control one or more aspects, such as the regulator 218. Further, upon reaching a set pressure, a signal may be transmitted to the valve 216 to move to a closed position. Thereafter, upon detection of a pressure below a threshold, an alert may be transmitted and/or the supply 212 may be engaged to provide additional pressurized gas. In this manner, operators may reduce their maintenance operations, which may improve well site operations. Moreover, the benefits provided above may also be realized by the system by reducing the likelihood of under pressure in the suction stabilizer/dampener 208, thereby reducing potential damage to the system.
It should be appreciated that embodiments may be directed toward one or more methods or a series of steps in order to charge the suction stabilizer/dampener 208. As an example, the system may be cleared of pressure before operations begin. Thereafter a compressor or other equipment associated with the supply 212 may be activated in order to fill the supply 212 with gas, such as compressed air or any other gas available at the site. Thereafter, the valve 216 may be open and the regulator 218 may be moved to an open position that permits air to flow toward the suction stabilizer/dampener 208. As the regulator 218 is open, the it may be set or otherwise adjusted to a particularly selected pressure and then locked into place once the gauge 220 reads the desired temperature. The valve 216 may then be closed and the gauge 220 and/or sensors may be utilized to monitor pressure within the suction stabilizer/dampener 208.
The present disclosure described herein, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as others inherent therein. While a presently preferred embodiment of the disclosure has been given for purposes of disclosure, numerous changes exist in the details of procedures for accomplishing the desired results. These and other similar modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be encompassed within the spirit of the present disclosure disclosed herein and the scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/136,913 filed Dec. 29, 2020 titled “SELF-REGULATING FRAC PUMP SUCTION STABILIZER/DAMPENER,” which is now U.S. Pat. No. 11,492,886 issued on Nov. 8, 2022, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/955,763 filed Dec. 31, 2019 titled “SELF-REGULATING FRAC PUMP SUCTION STABILIZER/DAMPENER,” the full disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all intents and purposes.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20230212931 A1 | Jul 2023 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62955763 | Dec 2019 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 17136913 | Dec 2020 | US |
Child | 17983187 | US |