Patent Grant
8065851
Construction materials must be installed correctly to insure the best performance. Wood-based panel products undergo dimensional changes when exposed to elevated moisture conditions. Most panels are put into service conditions at less than equilibrium moisture content. Consequently, there can be an uptake in moisture from the surrounding environment and “growth” in panel dimensions. The term used to describe this phenomenon is linear expansion (LE), whereby physical dimensions (length and width) will grow with moisture uptake.
There are a number of consequences to linear expansion when panels 1 are fitted tightly together at joints 3 prior to expansion (see, e.g., prior art
1) Panels 1 will buckle 4 somewhere along an unsupported span (
2) Excessive deflection 5 may result (
3) The upper 8 and lower 9 surfaces (top and bottom faces) of the panel 1 will flare out 7 at the panel-to-panel joint 3 in a release of forces (
4) Expansion of panels may push walls out of plumb; and
5) expansion of a wall system can push floors, ceilings, and roofs off level. In current panel construction, if enough LE occurs and the panel edges come into contact with each other, the compressive force on the surface flakes causes them to raise or “tent” up, causing ridging in the panel joint. This can cause shingles to telegraph the ridging, and can be a cause for customer complaint.
Given that the above expansion characteristics and consequent impacts are well known, most manufacturers, their third-party certification agencies, and governing standards prescribe a minimum gap at panel joints to allow for linear expansion. The amount of gap recommended is dependent on the inherent linear expansion character of the substrate (i.e., some panels will expand more than others).
The American Engineered Wood Association (APA) defines the panel spacing as the gap left between installed structural panels in floor, wall, or roof deck construction (http://wooduniversity.org/glossary.cfm, APA, 2006) and indicates that spacing distance should be enough to allow for any possible expansion due to changing moisture absorption levels to help prevent buckling and warping.
In general, when wood-based sheathing panels are installed, a ⅛″ space between adjacent panel edges is recommended. Common techniques for spacing panels are simply to measure the gaps formed between deck boards as they are installed or to drive 8d or 10d nails into joints next to an installed deck board and place the next deck board against the nails. Previous methods for spacing include:
1) 8d or 10d box nails for gauging ⅛″ spacing between panels or other spacers;
2) H-clip with spacing distance between adjacent panels (mechanical attachments); and
3) Panel edge profiling using a tongue and groove (T&G). A minimum ⅛″ gap between square edged panels is recommended when the panels are applied to framing members. Often, the framers or roofers are not aware of the recommended ⅛″ spacing for structural wall panels, and certainly, this is not common practice in the field. Some framers even believe that leaving the recommended space is a code violation. It is believed that excessive education and training are required regarding the need for ⅛″ spacing if not using existing mechanical spacers such as H-clips or nails.
Most warranty claims and problems of the above nature presented to panel manufacturers arise from improper installation—the panels were not gapped as prescribed. Whether due to inexperienced installers, insufficient gapping from imprecise measurement tools, or time constraints in building schedules, proper gapping is not being done on all product installations.
Thus, problems associated with wood-based panels being installed without proper spacing has persisted for many years without solution. Consequently, a self spacing panel will be highly desirable for saving installation time and increasing value since the need for a separately installed spacer can be eliminated in the processes.
Described herein are self-spacing wood composite panels and systems thereof. Further described are methods for manufacturing and for assembling self-spacing wood composite panels.
In one aspect, described herein are self-spacing wood composite panels comprising spacers. The spacers can be integral with the panels. An integral spacer can be, for example, a tongue formed from at least a portion of a panel. Alternatively, spacers can be added onto the panels and made of different material than the panel.
Self-spacing panels having a first and a second longitudinal edge can comprise essentially parallel first and second surfaces, and an edge profile formed along each longitudinal edge whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel adjacent to a second self-spacing panel the edge profile of the first panel will abut the edge profile of a second panel thereby forming at least a first aperture between the adjacent panels wherein the aperture is located between adjacent edges of the panels above and/or below the abutting edge profiles.
In another aspect, described herein are systems or assemblies of self-spacing wood composite panels and a method for forming these systems or assemblies. Panels of the present invention can be assembled by simply placing them adjacent to one another (or adjacent to conventional panels). It is generally preferred that the self-spacing panels are placed such that the spacers of the panels are abutting an edge of an adjacent panel or a spacer of an adjacent panel.
Also described herein is a method for forming an assembly of panels, for example, a wall, floor, or roof, comprising self-spacing composite wood panels of the invention. The method can comprise placing the self-spacing panels with the spacers abutting or spaced further apart from each other at desired spacing. A method of the invention can further comprise providing or manufacturing wood composite panels with desirable spacers on an edge of a panel.
The invention includes a composite wood panel comprising a first and second longitudinal edge, wherein at least the first and second longitudinal edges comprise a spacer for spacing of adjacent wood composite panels. The spacer can comprise a tongue, and the tongue can have, e.g., two sides and a head extending outward from the longitudinal edge, thereby forming a juncture between the head of one tongue and the head of a second tongue when panels are placed adjacent to one another. The tongues are located such that upon assembly of two wood composite panels the tongues will abut, thus, preventing the edges from initially abutting. An aperture is formed between the adjacent longitudinal edge of each panel both above and below the abutting tongues. The spacer can alternatively comprise an added device or material, e.g., adhesive bead, bumpon, tack, or stapled spacer, and abut an edge or other spacer on a second panel, thus, forming at least one aperture above and/or below the spacer.
The aperture(s) allow for subsequent expansion and swelling along the edge(s) of the adjacent panels. In particular in the tongue embodiment, the tongues can compress into the edge as the adjacent panels expand, thereby reducing stress along the edges of the adjacent panels and preventing or reducing stress on the longitudinal edges and faces of the panels.
The invention provides composite wood panels which can be utilized in an assembly with reduced or free of buckling, bowing or cracking resulting from stress and pressure along adjacent composite wood panel edges. The spacing design/assemblies disclosed herein provide a free or controllable expansion space for relieving the forces of expansion of sheathing so that ridging, warping, buckling, and other damage to floor, roof and wall systems can be eliminated.
Additional advantages will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the aspects described below. The advantages described below will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects described below. Like numbers represent the same elements throughout the figures.
Before the present articles, devices, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that the aspects of the invention described below are not limited to the specific example embodiments described, as embodiments of the invention may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting.
In this specification and in the claims which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have the following meanings:
It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an edge” includes more than one edge, reference to “a face” includes two or more such faces, and the like.
“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
“Core” or “core area,” as used herein, refers to an area of a panel made of the innermost layers of flakes or wood components; it is the area closest to the center and generally having flakes oriented perpendicularly to the surface flakes in panels with 3 layers (e.g., the middle layer in a three layer board) and with flakes in a parallel orientation in panels with 5 layers (e.g., the third layer in a five layer board with layers two and four being “intermediate” layers). In a panel with 4 layers, the inner two layers would be “core” layers.
“Face area” or “surface area,” as used herein, refers to the areas of a panel made of the outermost layers, or furthest from the center layers of flakes or other wood components in a construction of a panel, e.g., the layer comprising flakes oriented in the longitudinal direction of the panel constitutes a face layer.
By “wood composite” material it is meant a composite material that comprises wood and one or more other additives, such as adhesives or waxes. Non-limiting examples of wood composite materials include oriented strand board (“OSB”), waferboard, particle board, chipboard, medium-density fiberboard, plywood, and boards that are a composite of strands and ply veneers. As used herein, “flakes,” “strands,” and “wafers” are considered equivalent to one another and are used interchangeably. A non-exclusive description of wood composite materials may be found in the Supplement Volume to the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, pp. 765-810, 6th Edition.
A self-spacing panel of the invention allows an assembly (or array) of building panels to be laid adjacent edge to edge on a support structure with a gap between the edges. This automatic gapping allows the panels to grow lengthwise and widthwise without negatively affecting surrounding panels. The self-spacing system allows the installer to consistently achieve an engineered gap, thus, providing a better end product to the consumer.
A. Articles
In one aspect, described herein are self-spacing panels. The self-spacing panels can take the form of various embodiments and can be formed in various ways.
The self-spacing panels having a first and a second longitudinal edge can comprise essentially parallel first and second surfaces, an edge profile formed along each longitudinal edge whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel adjacent to a second self-spacing panel the edge profile of the first panel will abut the edge profile of a second panel thereby forming at least a first aperture of a pre-determined distance between the adjacent panels wherein the aperture is located between adjacent edges of the panels above and/or below the abutting edge profiles. A self-spacing panel edge profile can comprise an integral tongue formed along each longitudinal edge in a core area of the panel wherein the tongue extends from the edge a pre-determined distance whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel adjacent to a second self-spacing panel a tongue of the first panel will abut a tongue of a second panel thereby forming a first and a second aperture between the adjacent panels wherein the apertures are located between adjacent edges of the panels above and below the abutting tongues and wherein the tongue pushes into the panel from which it was formed upon expansion of the panel(s).
Alternatively, a self-spacing panel edge profile can comprise a bevel formed along each longitudinal edge of the panel wherein the bevel extends from the edge a pre-determined distance whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel adjacent to a second self-spacing panel a bevel of the first panel will abut a bevel of a second panel thereby forming an aperture between the adjacent panels wherein an aperture is located between adjacent edges of the panels above or below the abutting bevels.
In another embodiment, self-spacing panels having a first and a second longitudinal edge can comprise essentially parallel first and second surfaces, at least one spacer attached along each longitudinal edge wherein the spacer extends from the edge a pre-determined distance whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel adjacent to a second self-spacing panel a spacer of the first panel will abut a spacer or an edge of a second panel thereby forming an aperture between the adjacent panels wherein the aperture is located between adjacent edges of the panels. The spacer can be attached, for example, in the core area of the panel. The spacer can comprise a deformable or a rigid device.
Self-spacing panels of the invention can comprise a wood composite. Composite wood panels are ligno-cellulosic wood composites comprising multiple wood parts (e.g., wood strands, flakes, particle chips dust, etc.) bonded together with a thermoset binder resin and wax. In particular, an example wood composite is oriented strand board, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,525,394 and 5,635,248, herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
Embodiments of articles of the invention can be formed on regular wood composite panels as well as specialty panels such as the overlaid panels described in, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,737,155 and 6,772,569 and U.S. Published Applications 2005/0229504, 2005/0257469, and 2005/0229524, hereby incorporated by reference for their teachings on overlaid panels.
Additional materials can comprise a joint between panels. For example, a seam sealing tape, caulk, or the like can be placed over or in an aperture between the panels.
Various example embodiments of an article of the invention include the following:
“Tongue and Tongue” Self-Spacing
In an example embodiment, the invention includes a tongue and tongue (T&T) wood composite panel, plank, or board, e.g., those for use in walls, roofing, flooring, sub-flooring, wall boards, decks, countertops, or any other suitable surface wherein the wood composite panels employed are subject to undesired swelling or expansion which may create pressure or stress along panel joints. An example embodiment is shown in FIG. 4—a panel 10 comprises a core area 12 and two surface areas 14. The panel 10 further comprises two faces 16 and four edges 18. A tongue (or spacer) 20 is formed in at least one edge 18 in a core section 12 of the panel 10. The edge 18 with a tongue 20 can be a longitudinal edge.
When abutting self-spacing panels of the present invention are subjected to moisture, the panels tend to expand. Since the panels are not rigidly interconnected at a joint, there is an opportunity to reduce resulting stress along the edges and consequently the boards or panels will not buckle or bow. The present invention overcomes at least some deficiencies in the prior art by providing an area for panel expansion both above and below the abutting tongues.
The dimensions of a spacer 20 can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. The length of the spacer is generally one-half of the desired gap between the panels. This length can depend upon the composition of the panel and the expected conditions to which the panel will be exposed. The thickness of the spacer preferably is co-extensive with the core area of the panel or thinner than the core area of the panel, for example, 0.10″ or 0.17″, e.g., 0.10″, 0.12″, 0.14″, 0.15″, 0.16″, 0.17″. The width of the spacer can be up to the entire edge of the panel upon which it is formed. The width can be less than the entire edge. Multiple tongues can be of varying widths on the same panel.
In one example embodiment, tongue length is 1/16″ for a ⅛″ gap between panels. Successful (i.e., desired results of less ridging than conventional panels) tongue thicknesses from testing (see, e.g., Examples below) ranged from about 0.10″ to about 0.17″ for a 0.5″ thick panel. For thicker and thinner panels, it is recommended that the tongue thickness be adjusted proportionally to the change in panel thickness.
A tongue 20 is formed so that it is located in a core section 12 of the panel 10 along a longitudinal edge 18. As a result, the tongue 20 is believed to compress into the core area 12 of the panel 10 in which it is formed as a result of the force applied by an adjacent tongue 20′ on an adjacent longitudinal edge 18′ when the panels expand. In this way, the adjacent wood composite panels may expand slightly, allowing the panels to absorb moisture without bowing or cracking along the edges of the panel or flaring the faces of the panel. The expansion of the panels may continue until the edges of the adjacent panels come into contact or until the tongue is unable to push into the panel any further. It is preferred that the tongue be of such size and shape that, should expansion of adjacent panels occur, the tongue can compress under the pressure of the expansion without visible damage or modification at the panel surface. Further, the tongue can be of any shape or form and can be provided at any convenient place(s) along the longitudinal edge.
It is believed that during expansion of the panels that the tongues primarily push into the core of the panel on which they are formed as opposed to deforming the adjacent panel.
The tongue of the T&T embodiment can be further utilized along the width (or transverse edge) of two adjacent wood composite panels. Accordingly, a wood composite panel can comprise a tongue along a first longitudinal edge and a first width edge which tongues can abut a tongue along a second panel's longitudinal edge or width edge. As a result, adjacent wood composite panels can abut with joints along all four edges of the panels. In this way, adjacent wood composite panels may swell along both their length and width, without undesired stress and pressure along the panel edges. Optionally, tongue and tongue joints can be placed, or be absent, along any of the four edges of the panels, in any order or fashion, as needed by the user.
Normally, a T&T self-spacing embodiment can have a tongue manufactured integrally on the panel edge(s) in the production facility that makes the panel, but this profiling could be done secondarily. The profile would preferably be the same on any edge which has a profile.
One of the advantages of this T&T embodiment, specifically in the case of the T&T profile on the longitudinal edge of an OSB panel, is that due to the orientation of the core flakes, the LE of the core is significantly lower than the LE of the surfaces. This allows the surfaces of the panel to expand, since the cores of the panels are in contact at installation. Another advantage of the embodiment is the robust nature of the profile, which is resistant to shipping and handling damage, and since it can be continuous across the entire edge of the panel, if some damage were to occur at certain points along the edge, the rest of the T&T would be in contact, thus, preserving the function of maintaining the gap at the surfaces. Another advantage to the embodiment is that both edges of the panel can be symmetric, allowing the panel to be placed without regards to which edge goes against which edge, or in other words, any longitudinal (e.g., 8′) edge will match up with any other longitudinal (e.g., 8′) edge, without respect to panel orientation.
Another advantage to this embodiment is the quick and low-cost adaptation of current tenoner equipment in the plant to produce the profile on panel edges. The only thing needed is new cutter heads and changeover adjustments on the equipment, and it can be set up to run in plants in a short time period and at low cost.
Upon assembly of a roof, wall, floor, or the like, a first panel 10 and a second panel 10′ will have abutting tongues 20, 20′ but prevent the edges 18, 18′ from initially abutting. In an example embodiment of an assembly of panels, the first and second apertures 22, 24 are at least about ⅛″ wide for wood composite panels having a thickness in the range of 0.25 (¼″) to 1.5 (½″) inches. However, a smaller or larger aperture can be utilized depending on the composition of the panels and the expected exposure to moisture. In this way, the edges of the adjacent wood composite panels do not form a tight joint along the panel edge, and the apertures allow for expansion of the adjacent wood composite panels.
“V-Shape” Self-Spacing
Another example embodiment for providing a gap (or aperture) between self-spacing panels can be created by forming an edge profile 40 such as by beveling at least one edge 18 as shown in
In another example embodiment, an article of the invention comprises a self-spacing panel 10 having a first 18 and a second longitudinal edge 18 comprising essentially parallel first 16 and second surfaces 16, an edge profile 40 formed along at least one longitudinal edge 18 whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel 10 adjacent to a second self-spacing panel 10′ the edge profile 40 of the first panel 10 will abut the edge profile 40′ of a second panel 10′ thereby forming at least a first aperture 22 between the adjacent panels 10, 10′ wherein the aperture 22 is located between adjacent edges 18 of the panels 10, 10′ above and/or below the abutting edge profiles 40, 40′ (see, e.g.,
The shape and dimensions of the bevel edge profile can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. The profile (e.g., bevel) can be formed using panel edge profile-forming techniques generally known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Adhesive Spacer
An example embodiment of a self-spacing panel of the invention can include a wood composite panel 10 comprising a separate compressible and/or deformable spacer 50 attached to at least two edges 18 of the panel. The separate compressible and/or deformable spacer 50 can comprise an adhesive. See e.g.,
The self-spacing panels 10 can comprise a panel having first and second longitudinal edges 18 comprising essentially parallel first and second surfaces 16, at least one spacer 50 attached along each longitudinal edge 18 wherein the spacer 50 extends from the edge a pre-determined distance whereby upon placing one self-spacing panel 10 adjacent to a second self-spacing panel 10′ a spacer 50 of the first panel 10 will abut an adjacent longitudinal edge 18′ of a second panel 10′ (see, e.g.,
A self-spacing adhesive embodiment can comprise a deformable bead of adhesive 50 that is applied on the edges 18 of a panel 10. The bead can be applied to any number of edges of the panel. The bead can be continuous or in discrete portions along the edge.
An example adhesive tested was Multi Lok® 50-12611 hot melt (proprietary polyamide based thermoplastic adhesive; Forbo Adhesives LLC, Swift 84114 manufactured by Swift Products Research Triangle Park, N.C.). Another example adhesive tested was a High Crystallized Ethyl Vinyl Acetate 84144 (Forbo Adhesives, manufactured by Swift Products). See Examples. However, any material that can be extruded to make a deformable bead, e.g., silicone or latex caulk, can be used for this application. Hot melts are the preferred materials since others may set-up in a machine during manufacturing delays or while not in use due to manufacture of other products or may not be as durable after application.
The adhesive bead can be essentially the same on all edges (e.g., 8′ edges and 4′ edges) so that when panels are placed adjacent to each other, the edges that come in contact with each other will be gapped a pre-determined distance (e.g., ⅛″) apart by an adhesive bead. For ease of manufacturing, the bead size or length does not need to vary with product thickness. However, the bead size can be adjusted to be between about 25 and about 75% of board thickness. The pattern of the adhesive can be applied so that no matter how a panel is turned, a pre-determined gap would result between the panels. See e.g.,
The adhesive beads can contact each other or contact a panel edge without adhesive and deform as the panel grows due to environmental factors. During manufacturing the beads of adhesive can be applied robotically to the edges while the boards are in stacked unit form.
It is believed that adhesives have not been used before on panels for their deformable properties as opposed to their adhesive properties. An advantage of adhesives being used as in the manner of the current invention is their ability to be recycled in a wood products process and their ease of application.
“Add-On” Spacers
An example embodiment of a self-spacing panel 10 of the invention can include a wood composite panel comprising a separate rigid spacer 60 attached to at least two edges 18 of the panel 10. A spacer 60 can serve as an object or stopper that actually controls the gap distance (or aperture) between adjacent edges of panels when the panels are installed. A spacer should have enough rigidity to maintain a desired gap initially, but enough compressibility to deform without damaging the surfaces of a panel after LE. The spacer also should be attached securely to a panel edge so it will not fall off or get knocked off during shipping, handling and installation.
Self-spacing panels 10 can comprise a panel having first and second longitudinal edges 18 comprising essentially parallel first and second surfaces 16, at least one spacer 60 attached along at least two longitudinal edges 18 wherein the spacer 60 extends from the edge 18 a pre-determined distance whereby upon placing a first self-spacing panel 10 adjacent to a second self-spacing panel 10′ a spacer 60 of the first panel 10 will abut a spacer 60′ of a second panel 10′ thereby forming an aperture (22 and/or 24) between the adjacent panels 10, 10′ wherein an aperture (22 and/or 24) is located between adjacent edges 18 of the panels 10, 10′. An aperture can be above and/or below the abutting spacers 60, 60′. The spacer 60 can be attached, for example, in the core area 12 of the panel 10. Alternatively, a spacer 60 of the first panel 10 can abut an edge 18′ of the second panel 10′ thereby forming at least a first aperture 22 between the adjacent panels 10, 10′.
A separate resilient, but semi-rigid, spacer 60 can comprise, for example, a 3M™ Bumpon™ (model SJ-5008, tapered square 0.5″ wide×0.12″ high, 8×10 matrix form, 3M, St. Paul, Minn.) pressure sensitive adhesive-backed polyurethane spacer device thereon. According to a 3M™ Bumpon™ information sheet, the example Bumpon™ SJ-5008 has properties as follows:
See e.g.,
In another example embodiment, a separate semi-rigid spacer 60 can comprise, for example, a staple or a staple with a plastic spacer device thereon. See e.g.,
In a further embodiment, a separate rigid spacer 60 can comprise, for example, a tack with a cap. See e.g.,
System or Assembly of Panels
The invention includes an assembly (or array) of self-spacing panels of the invention. The panels, described above, can be assembled in a manner quite similar to conventional wood composite panels without self-spacing features. One of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with these assemblies. Panels of the present invention can be assembled by simply placing them adjacent to one another (or adjacent to conventional panels). It is generally preferred that the self-spacing panels are placed such that the spacers of adjacent panels are abutting one another. Alternatively, additional spacing (gap) can be left between panels as long as that gap is still effective for the purposes of the assembly of panels (e.g., floor, wall, or roof) and not detrimental to those end purposes.
The panels can be anchored to a support structure using conventional techniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., nailing or screwing.
Once assembled, additional materials can be added to the panels. For example, a joint between panels can further comprise, e.g., a seam sealing tape, caulk, or the like. Such additional materials can be placed over or in an aperture between the panels. One of ordinary skill in the art can determine appropriate materials and corresponding installation methods.
B. Methods
Methods for making the articles above are known to one or skill in the art or can be readily discerned by one of ordinary skill in the art. The panels described herein can be readily manufactured using techniques generally known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable methods for making panels are described in, e.g., Engineered Wood Products, PFS Research Foundation, Stephen Smulski (ed.), 1997, ISBN 096567360X, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Example Manufacturing Method for an Adhesive Spacer Embodiment
Application of a hot melt adhesive to a wood composite panel is preferably performed after the wood composite panels are sent through the finishing line and are unitized. This prevents the hot melt from being wiped off or damaged during conveying and processing at the finishing line. Further, the temperature of the board may be too high to apply in an in-line fashion, but this will depend on the specific process, i.e., delay between pressing and application of the hot melt bead, the type of hot melt adhesive, etc. Thermal imaging and testing indicated that the adhesive can fall off or be wiped off before it hardens. (A Flir ThermaCam E2 IR camera was used to determine temperature of the panel at the grade line station in process which indicated the board temperature was too high to apply the adhesive effectively, i.e., there was insufficient thermal gradient to allow the hot melt to solidify.) The presently intended location to apply the hot melt is within a paint booth where, e.g., an edge sealant is applied. A separate 6-axis robot (e.g., Willamette Valley Company, model UP20-M, Eugene, Oreg.) outfitted with a gang of hot melt guns could, for example, automatically apply a desired pattern (e.g., a ⅛″ wide bead applied along the edge in unit form) of the hot melt. The guns can be supplied, for example, by Nordson Corporation (Westlake, Ohio, model BM 200 supply unit with Minibead guns). Edge sealant, if any, can be applied on top of the hot melt.
Method of Assembling
The invention includes an assembly of panels. A method of forming a panel assembly can comprise placing the self-spacing panels of the invention with the spacers abutting (or spaced further apart from each other) at desired spacing. A method of the invention can further comprise providing or manufacturing wood composite panels of the invention with desired spacers on an edge of a panel. For example, regular OSB can be profiled with a special edge profile (T&T). Alternatively, a separate spacer can be attached following the edge trimming of regular panel manufacturing processes.
A method of assembling a roof, wall or floor from the panels can further comprise attaching the panels to a support structure. A support structure can be, for example, framing comprised of studs. The method can further comprise taping joints between the self-spacing panels with a seam sealing tape. (e.g., ZIP System™ sealing tape, Huber Engineered Woods, LLC, Charlotte, N.C.; http://huberwood.com/zip/zipwall/index.htm; http://huberwood.com/zip/ziproof/index.htm).
An advantage of the above process includes saving labor and installation time with the elimination of steps of installing separate spacers, e.g., H-clips or nails.
C. Utility
The panels and assemblies thereof can be used in a variety of applications. For example, walls, floors, and roofs are well-suited to be made from panels of the present invention. Panels of the invention are especially well-suited for those places most exposed to moisture conditions responsible for linear expansion of wood composite panels.
The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how the articles, devices, and/or methods described and claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.) but some errors and deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, temperature is in ° C. or is at ambient temperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric. Only reasonable and routine experimentation will be required to optimize articles and/or methods of the invention.
Panels of 4′×8′×½″ ZIP™ sheathing (Huber Engineered Woods, LLC, Charlotte, N.C.) were machined to produce a 1/16″ wide 2″ long tongue edge profile as shown in
Drop Test Procedure
A test frame simulating roof rafters or trusses 24″ o.c. at a 12/12 pitch was used. The frame was 8′ wide (4 spans). A 2′×8′ strip of ½″ ZIP™ sheathing with spacer prototypes was secured at the bottom of the frame with screws spaced 6″ o.c. into the framing. See
The full 4′×8′ panel with prototype spacers was then placed on the frame and carefully lowered so that the spacers were in contact with the fixed panel strip spacers. The gap between the two panels was then measured at each spacer with calipers. This measurement was considered to be the initial gap.
The 4′×8′ panel was then lifted up the framing 21″ and allowed to slide down (free fall) so that the spacers impacted the spacers of the fixed panel. This drop was performed three times. Each time the gap at the spacers was measured. A change from the initial measurement is an indication of damage being done by the impact, either to the spacer or to the edge of one of the panels.
Results are shown in Table 2.
A T&T panel with a tongue thickness of 0.10″ was tested by the drop test. Results are shown in Table 3.
A T&T panel with a tongue thickness of 0.17″ was also tested by the drop test. Results are shown in Table 4.
The T&T 0.10″ and T&T 0.17″ did not show as much edge damage, as evidenced by gap closing after repeated drops, as other embodiments (results below in Examples). Other spacers tested compressed more, indicating they would not be as durable in withstanding jobsite damage.
LE Weathering Test Procedure
Eight foot by 16′ decks were constructed of 2′×10′ lumber and various conventional panels or example panels according to the invention (T&T 0.10″, T&T 0.17″, V-groove, square edge (conventional), bump-on, and square edge with H-clips (conventional)) were installed on the decks. The panel edges on the outer ends of the deck were fixed by the test frame so they could not expand after installation. The panels were fastened to the deck normally using 8d nails. Initial measurements for LE, thickness, gap distance, and ridging were taken. LE was measured with LE grommets and a LE device according to PS2-04, §6.4.7. Thickness was measured with a micrometer. Gap distance was measured with a caliper. Ridging was measured by measuring the difference in height between reference points and a measurement point at the panel edges. A first reference point was 3″ from the joint on one panel; a second reference point was 3″ from the joint on the other panel. The measurement point was the highest point on either edge of the gap between the adjacent panels. Decks were continuously wetted with water sprinklers with complete coverage of spray over each deck at 133 gal/hr per deck for 13 days.
Measurements were taken again after wetting to compare how much the edges were compressed together and how this affected ridging. The 4′×8′ panels were ½″ thick panels with no edge seal, similar to commercially available ZIP System™ Roof Sheathing (Huber Engineered Woods LLC, Charlotte, N.C.).
Results are shown Tables 5-10.
4′×8′×½″ ZIP™ roofing panels (Huber Engineered Woods, LLC, Charlotte, N.C.) were prepared with three 2-inch beads of hot melt on an 8 foot edge evenly spaced. The first 2″ long bead was applied 18″ in from the corner, the second 47″ from the corner, and the third 76″ from the same corner. A first test panel used the Multi Lok® adhesive (HotMelt1); the second test panel used the high crystallized ethyl vinyl acetate adhesive (HotMelt2). The glue bead was manually applied with a “Minibead” hand held glue gun (Nordson, Westlake, Ohio). The bead thickness target was 0.125,″ but a range of 0.103″ to 0.1480″ was observed. The adhesive was allowed to cool at ambient temperature for 15 minutes prior to testing.
A drop test as described in Example 1 was performed with these panels. The 2′×8′ strip of ½″ ZIP™ sheathing had no spacers on it. The test panel was placed on the apparatus with the glue bead facing downward toward the fixed panel. The panels were gently placed against each other to measure the initial gap created by the adhesive bead. Three measurements were taken and recorded—one at each bead of glue. The gap was measured with a Mitutoyo Corp. digital caliper (Model No. CD-8″CS, Mitutoyo Corp., Aurora, Ill./Japan).
After measuring this baseline data, the test panel was slid upwards along the rafters and held in position (24″ from the fixed panel) and then released by a tester. The panel slid down the pitched roof rafters and impacted the fixed panel below. The resulting gap of the panel was measured again and recorded. This process was repeated 3 times.
Initial drop test data indicated a reduction in bead thickness by 88%. To counteract this in a final design, the bead could possibly be oversized or more beads applied to account for the deformation loss and still achieve the desired ⅛″ gap.
Results are shown in Table 11 for the HotMelt1 adhesive example embodiment.
Results for the HotMelt2 adhesive example embodiment are shown in Table 12.
Two 3M™ Bumpon™ (model SJ-5008, tapered square 0.5″ wide×0.12″ high, 8×10 matrix form, 3M, St. Paul, Minn.) pressure sensitive adhesive-backed polyurethane spacers were adhesively attached to panels of 4′×8′×½″ ZIP™ sheathing (Huber Engineered Woods, LLC, Charlotte, N.C.) on the 8′ edge of a panel 18″ from each end (two spacer on the edge).
A drop test as described in Example 1 was performed with this panel. The 2′×8′ strip of ½″ ZIP™ sheathing had no spacers on it.
Results are shown in Table 13.
Below is a summary of the drop tests performed for easier comparison between embodiments.
As can be seen from the above data, the T&T profile performed best overall in testing.
Throughout this application, various publications are referenced. The disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the compounds, compositions and methods described herein.
Various modifications and variations can be made to the compounds, compositions and methods described herein. Other aspects of the compounds, compositions and methods described herein will be apparent from consideration of the specification and practice of the compounds, compositions and methods disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary.
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