Patent Grant
11713933
The inventions herein relates to semiautomatic firearms. Certain aspects relate to cycling mechanisms for such firearms. Such mechanisms require that the cartridge be retained in the firing chamber essentially until the bullet has left the barrel or the projectile velocity and performance will be impaired. These cartridges, for example the .17 Winchester Super Magnum (WSM) and the .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (HMR) are relatively inexpensive compared to high power centerfire cartridges and therefore have high consumer appeal for the recreation sport shooting market. Traditional rimfire semiautomatic recycling mechanisms generally rely on the weight of the bolt for providing a delay in “blowback” of the bolt. These mechanisms have not been proven suitable for high power necked rimfire cartridges due to the higher power and much greater rearward blowback force associated with these cartridges. Such mechanisms, for these cartridges, do not provide enough delay in the blowback of the bolt or the bolt weight is excessively heavy. The cycling mechanisms for the more powerful necked centerfire cartridges are not suitable either in that the rimfire cartridges generally do not provide sufficient gas pressures for such mechanisms, for example, gas operated cycling mechanisms used in AR-15 type rifles. Even if such mechanisms could be adapted to the necked rimfire cartridges, such mechanism are complicated, requiring many moving parts and thus would be relatively expensive; particularly compared to semiautomatic rifles for non-necked .22 caliber cartridges. Previous attempts at reasonably priced consumer oriented semiautomatic rifles for these high power rimfire cartridges have had performance issues, such as jamming and out-of-battery firing of cartridges. A reliable, mechanically simple, semiautomatic firearm with improved performance, particularly for high power necked rimfire cartridges, would be welcome. Moreover, enhanced safety and redundant systems are also welcomed.
Inventions herein relate to firearm extraction mechanisms, particularly for semi-automatic firearms. Such mechanisms often rely on a somewhat tenuous arrangement for securing a shell casing to a bolt of the firearm. The uncertainties associated with manufacturing tolerances of cartridges, as well as the spurious nature of the frictional forces exerted thereon, leads to instability during the extraction process that can cause failures to eject and sporadic ejection patterns. This can particularly be a problem when handling smaller diameter casings that are generally associated with rimfire cartridges (i.e., cartridges that are fired by impingement of a firing pin near the periphery of the base of the cartridge), particularly higher powered rimfire cartridges.
Also, the instability of traditional extractor mechanisms is more problematic when the retracting bolt speed is variable. Where the bolt is moved too slowly the cartridge case can become instable long before it's delivered to the ejector.
An ejector mechanism that overcomes these problems would be welcomed.
Improved mechanisms operate together to provide a highly reliable and robust semiautomatic firearm particularly suited to high powered rimfire cartridges. In particular embodiments, a system delays blowback in firearms with reciprocating bolt assemblies in semiautomatic firearms and is particularly suitable for high power necked rimfire cartridges. A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that enhanced reliability and minimization of out-of-battery firing of cartridges is provided. In embodiments, a semiautomatic firearm utilizes cooperating and common components to provide both a delayed blowback and a lockout of the firing pin when a bolt assembly is out-of-battery.
In embodiments of the invention, a movable member within a bolt body functions as a blocking member that blocks the firing pin and preventing the firing pin from striking a cartridge when the bolt is not in battery. In embodiments, the firing pin has two stop portions that the movable member can engage depending on the cycle status of the firearm. One stop portion, when blocked, prevents the firing pin from traveling into cartridge headspace when the hammer receiving end of the firing pin is struck by the hammer, the other stop portion, when blocked, prevents the firing pin from retracting to the ready to fire position such that the hammer receiving end of the firing pin is not exposed and thus cannot be struck.
In embodiments, in an in-battery position, when the bolt assembly is closed on the firing chamber, a movable blocking member is in a non-blocking position with respect to the firing pin. The movable blocking member has a projecting portion extending from the bolt body to be removably received in a recess of the firearm housing, for example a ceiling of the receiver. The movable blocking member may be biased to urge the projecting portion outwardly into the recess. When the blocking member is in the non-blocking position the firing pin is free to travel past the blocking member and into headspace of the bolt body to achieve ignition. In embodiments, the blocking member may be engaged with a spring assembly for providing the bias. In embodiments, a separate blocking member carrier or cammed intermediary member, movably forwardly and rearwardly in the bolt body, may be engaged with a spring assembly to provide the outwardly bias to the blocking member through the intermediary member. The intermediary member may have a ramp portion that the blocking member rides up with the spring assembly urging the ramp portion against the blocking member thereby urging the blocking member to ride up the ramp.
In embodiments, the bias urging the blocking member outwardly may be manually removed by a manual handle, for example by manually retracting the ramp portion that is engaged with and urging the blocking member outwardly. The manual handle may be moved slightly rearwardly to back off the ramp and allow the movable member to retract to again put the blocking member in a blocking position with respect to the firing pin. Further motion of the manual handle then can pull the bolt assembly rearwardly to eject a cartridge engaged with the bold assembly.
In embodiments of the invention, a movable member, such as a lug, performs a locking function with respect to the in-battery position of the bolt assembly such that upon firing there is a delay in the retraction of the bolt assembly while the movable member unlocks. The movable member may extend from the bolt body outwardly to engage a recess in the firearm housing and be retractable inwardly between, respectively, a locked and an unlocked position. The movable member can extend and retract along an axis normal or transverse to the axis of the reciprocating bolt assembly and the axis as defined by the barrel bore. The movable member may have a bias towards the extended-locked position. In an embodiment the bias is provided by a ramp portion that is biased forwardly by a recoil spring assembly pushing a wedge under the movable member providing the bias outwardly. When the movable member is received in the recess in the housing an outwardly facing cam surface of the movable member engages a transition cam surface (an inclined surface) of the firearm housing requiring the transition cam surface to push the movable member inwardly with respect to the bolt assembly in order to escape the recess. Such inward movement requires retracting of the ramp portion within the bolt body, and due to the change of direction of the force, from normal or transverse to the axis of the reciprocating bolt assembly to a direction parallel to said axis, requires substantially more force than the force to overcome a force provided by the recoil spring assembly, for example, under the movable member. The movable member attempting to push the ramp portion downwardly is, appropriately termed, a reverse cam mechanism. The downward force increases the frictional resistance between the ramp portion and the surface upon which it slides and only a component of the downward force is translated to move the ramp portion. This component acts against and must overcome the frictional resistance as well as any additional spring force provided to resist the movement.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that a cam mechanism is utilized in a normal forward fashion in association with a manual handle in a reciprocating bolt assembly of a semiautomatic firearm and is used in a reverse manner to delay blowback.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is a movable member slidingly constrained within the bolt body that locks out the firing pin, the movable member can be moved with respect to the lockout of the firing pin by cam surfaces engaging opposing ends of the movable member. A feature and advantage is that the movable member may be block shaped, a lug, with a firing pin opening therethrough that provides the firing pin block. A feature and advantage is that the block shaped movable member is not attached by pins or the like within the bolt and is simply slidingly constrained within open spaces in the bolt and breech region. Such a configuration eliminates wear issues, dirt and debris issue, and lubrication associated with using joints and pivot points for constraining moving parts. Moreover, in that the movable member has opposite ends which both are utilized as cam follower surfaces, this “float” of the movable member, with some free play in the constraint of the movable member, facilitates even engagement of the cam surfaces which the cam followers follow.
In embodiments, the movable member has a projecting locking tab that extends to engage a recess or stop surface in the ceiling of the receiver. The firing pin is blocked, or locked out, except when the tab is extending. The only recess or place for the locking tab to extend correlates to an in-battery position of the bolt assembly in an engaged ready-to-fire position.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that mechanisms are utilized for delaying blowback that are contained mostly within the bolt body and therefore have minimal or reduced exposure to firing byproducts and contaminants.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that the bias provided to the delayed blowback mechanism is a readily accessible spring that may be easily inspected and replaced if necessary.
In embodiments of the invention, the bolt assembly can be manually moved forwardly and rearwardly and pushed into an in-battery position if it is not in such a position. A manual handle extends from the bolt assembly and is directly engaged with the movable member carrier that traverses from the left side of the bolt body to the right side. The movable member carrier is moveable in a forward and rearward direction a limited amount within the bolt body, the limited movement associated with moving the movable blocking member up and down the ramp. The movable blocking member carrier may have the ramp surface, effectively a cam surface, engaged with the movable blocking member such that forward and/or rearward movement of the movable blocking member carrier moves the cam surface and a cam follower surface on the movable blocking member engaged with the cam surface causes the movable blocking member to move upwardly or downwardly.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is a semiautomatic firearm with a blocking member as part of a bolt assembly that moves in a vertical direction, up and down, between a blocking and non-blocking position with the firing pin. The blocking member needs to be in an upward or extended position, the non-blocking position, for the firing pin to be able to be struck by the hammer and translate forward to reach and impact a cartridge in a firing chamber.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that particular components have multiple functions, thereby saving weight and minimizing the number of moving parts. For example, the movable member provides a delayed blowback mechanism for the bolt assembly and also provides a blocking or lockout for the firing pin when the bolt is not fully in the in-battery position. Moreover, the recoil spring assembly connected between the bolt assembly and the firearm frame may provide at least two functions. First the spring assembly provides forward bias to the bolt such that as the bolt is blown backwards the spring assembly cycles the bolt assembly forwardly, and second, the spring assembly provides an outward bias to the blocking member an intermediary member that engages the blocking member with a cam surface to urge the blocking member upwardly.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that a delay in the bolt assembly blowback is affected by the disengagement of a projection extending from the bolt engaging the receiver that secures the receiver in an in-battery motion translation mechanism operating against spring aligned in the axis of the bolt assembly. A feature and advantage of embodiments is that the projection can be manually retracted from the receiver with a handle connecting to member that, by way of a ramp or cam surface extends and retracts the projection which allows opening of the bolt.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is that delay in the bolt assembly blowback is provided first by two serially connected motion translation mechanisms, in particular, two cam/cam follower mechanisms. In an embodiment, a spring bias is provided to the second cam follower mechanism. Moreover, the delayed blowback mechanism does not require a connection to the receiver by the mechanism, only a cam/cam follower engagement.
A feature and advantage of embodiments of the invention is the simplicity in that a single component both engages with a stop portion fixed with respect to the receiver for locking the bolt assembly in an in battery position and also engages with the firing pin to block the firing pin when the bolt assembly in an out of battery position. The movable member alternately locks the bolt and then blocks the firing pin providing simplicity of design and enhanced reliability, which is particularly effective in minimizing out-of-battery misfires.
In embodiments, a semiautomatic firearm with a reciprocating bolt in a receiver, the bolt may be manually retracted by pulling rearwardly a manual handle attached to a ramp portion that releases the engagement of the ramp with an outwardly projecting movable locking member with a stop portion fixed with respect to the receiver. The manual handle first releases the locking member with the rearward manual force on the handle, and then moves the bolt rearwardly with the continuing rearward manual force on the handle. Moreover, releasing the outwardly projecting movable locking member then blocks the firing pin decreasing out of battery misfires.
In embodiments of the invention, a bolt assembly of a semiautomatic firearm comprises a firing pin that has travel between a ready-to-fire position, a fire position, and two intermediate positions where it may be held or blocked. In embodiments the firing pin is held in the two intermediate positions by a blocking member that moves into and out of a blocking position. In embodiments the blocking member is the movable member that moves inwardly and outwardly with respect to the bolt body as the bolt assembly travels forwardly and rewardly.
In embodiments of the invention, a method of delaying the blowback of a bolt in an in-battery position after firing is provided by constraining a movable member within the bolt, the member movable in a direction transverse to the blowback direction of the bolt, positioning the movable member in a recess fixed with respect to a frame constraining the bolt, whereby the bolt cannot blowback until the movable member retracts, and providing a bias to resist the retraction, In embodiments the bias may be provided by a spring operating directly on the movable member. In embodiments, the method further may having the movable member engaging with a ramp portion such that the ramp portion must be moved, pushed out of the way, by the movable member pressing against a ramped surface of the ramp portion. In embodiments further comprising biasing the ramp portion to resist the movable member pushing it out of the way. The method comprising pushing the ramp portion out of the way to retract the movable member from the recess which then allows blowback of the bolt. Further, embodiments provide methods of locking out the firing pin depending on the positioning of the movable member.
Embodiments of the invention feature a sliding bolt assembly with a movable member with an outward projection, the outward projection having a sliding engagement surface. The movable member is part of the bolt assembly so it moves with the bolt assembly but also is movable in a direction transverse to the sliding direction of the bolt assembly (the bolt assembly moves forwardly and rearwardly). The movable member moves inward and outward by slidingly engaging a surface with structure on the receiver or firearm frame as the bolt reciprocates. In embodiments of the invention, the movable member provides an in-battery lock and provides a firing pin block when the bolt is not in the in-battery position. In embodiments of the invention, the outward projection is an end of two opposing ends, the opposite end of the outward projection, an inward sliding engagement surface that engages a wedge portion. The wedge portion is movable in the forward/rearward direction with respect to the bolt assembly and the wedge is biased forwardly to push the movable member outwardly. In embodiments the movable member floats within and is captured by a bolt body of the bolt assembly. In other embodiments the movable member is pivotal with respect to the bolt body.
A feature and advantage of the inventive aspects herein, such as the particular mechanisms and components accomplishing the delayed blowback and lockout of the firing pin, the extraction, and trigger pull adjustments, may be suitable for firearms that fire cartridges other than the necked rimfire cartridges such as .22 caliber rimfire (non-necked) and necked or non-necked centerfire cartridges.
Various embodiments of semiautomatic firearms with robust and redundant systems for reducing malfunctions are disclosed, particularly suitable for use withhigher powered rimfire cartridges, such as .17 HSR and .17 WSM. The embodiments disclosed herein may also be utilized in firearms that fire centerfire cartridges and in .22 caliber firearms. A safety trigger is provided that is passively actuated in advance of a firing trigger. The safety trigger maintains redundant safety mechanisms that prevent inadvertent or accidental actuation of the firing trigger. Accordingly, the firing trigger can be configured for actuation with a very low magnitude or “soft” pull without compromising safety. That is, conventional firearms require substantial pull to be actuated in order to assure that the trigger doesn't misfire during otherwise routine handling. For the disclosed embodiments, the safety trigger assures that the firearm is discharged only upon deliberate actuation of the firing trigger. In one embodiment, a trigger pull adjustment mechanism provides adjustment of the pull of the firing trigger to a desired force required by the operator. The disclosed trigger pull adjustment mechanism reduces the number of components and complexity of the machined parts over conventional trigger pull adjustment mechanisms.
In some embodiments, a firearm with a safety trigger component must be retracted prior to the firing trigger being retracted to fire the firearm, the safety trigger providing a plurality of firing inhibitors. In one embodiment, the safety trigger component includes a direct hammer catch positioned in an interfering or catch position when the safety trigger is in an unretracted position and one or more additional firing inhibitors controlled by the safety trigger. In various embodiments, a firing inhibitor controlled by the safety trigger is a sear portion block. In some embodiments, the safety trigger moves a sear blocking portion between a blocking position and a non-blocking position with respect to the sear portion. Optionally, the sear portion is part of a unitary trigger component. In some embodiments, the safety trigger controls a firing trigger block that is positioned to prevent the pivoting of the firing trigger component about the pivot axis, thus inhibiting the retraction of the firing trigger.
Structurally, various embodiments of a trigger assembly of a firearm is disclosed, the trigger assembly including passive and redundant safety mechanisms to prevent unintentional firing when the firearm is in a firing mode. In some embodiments, the trigger comprises: a hammer rotatable about a first axis, the hammer including structure defining a capture feature; a firing trigger component rotatable about a second axis and including a first finger hook portion, the firing trigger component including a sear portion releasably coupled to the hammer; and a safety trigger component rotatable about the second axis and including a second finger hook portion, the second finger hook portion extending forwardly of the first finger hook portion. In some embodiments, a first of the redundant safety mechanisms includes a catch portion defined on the safety trigger component and, when the safety trigger is in a battery position, is aligned for arresting the capture feature of the hammer as the hammer rotates to prevent discharge of the firearm. In some embodiments, a second of the redundant safety mechanisms includes a blocking member operatively coupled with the safety trigger component for maintaining the blocking member in a blocking position when the safety trigger component is in a battery position, the blocking member blocking an underside of the firing trigger component when in the blocking position to prevent release of the sear portion from the hammer, the blocking member being operatively coupled with the safety trigger component for moving the blocking member out of the blocking position by moving the safety trigger out of the battery position to enable release of the sear portion from the hammer. In one embodiment, a rearward deflection of the safety trigger component causes rotation of the blocking member.
In certain embodiments, the blocking member includes an arcuate base portion rotatable about a third axis, the arcuate base portion defining a recess and being operatively coupled with the safety trigger component for rotation about the third axis. In one embodiment, the arcuate base portion blocks the underside of the firing trigger component from being actuated when the safety trigger component is in the battery position, and the recess aligns with the firing trigger when the safety trigger component is rotated out of the battery position to enable the firing trigger to release the hammer.
In some embodiments, the blocking member includes a lever portion operatively coupled with the safety trigger component for rotation about a third axis, wherein the lever portion blocks the underside of the firing trigger component to prevent disengagement of the firing trigger component from the hammer, the lever portion being maintained in the blocking position by the safety trigger when the safety trigger is in the battery position, the lever portion being selectively rotatable out of the blocking position by rotating the safety trigger out of the battery position.
Alternatively or in addition, the trigger assembly comprises a manual safety mechanism actuated by a push button forward of the first finger hook portion and laterally actuated for selectively placing the firearm in one of a safety mode and a firing mode, the manual safety mechanism being operatively coupled to the blocking member for preventing the safety trigger component from moving the blocking member out of the blocking position when in the safety mode, and enabling the safety trigger component to move the blocking member out of the blocking position when in the firing mode.
For embodiments including the fore-mentioned manual safety mechanism, the blocking member can include an arcuate base portion rotatable about a third axis, the arcuate base portion defining a recess and being operatively coupled with the safety trigger component for rotation about the third axis, wherein: the arcuate base portion blocks the underside of the firing trigger component from being actuated when the safety trigger component is in the battery position and when the firearm is in the safety mode and in the firing mode; and the recess aligns with the firing trigger when the firearm is in the firing mode and the safety trigger component is rotated out of the battery position to enable the firing trigger to release the hammer. Optionally, the lever portion that extends from the arcuate base portion of the blocking member.
In some embodiments, the blocking member includes a lever portion operatively coupled with the safety trigger component for rotation about a third axis, wherein the lever portion blocks the underside of the firing trigger component to prevent disengagement of the firing trigger component from the hammer, the lever portion being maintained in the blocking position by the safety trigger when the safety trigger is in the battery position and the firearm is in the firing mode, the lever portion being selectively rotatable out of the blocking position when the firearm is in the firing mode by rotating the safety trigger out of the battery position. In some embodiments, the lever portion contacts the firing trigger when the safety trigger is in the battery position.
In various embodiments, the firearm includes a bolt assembly translatable forwardly and rearwardly, the bolt assembly including a firing pin that is offset from the barrel axis for firing rimfire cartridges, and wherein the chamber is configured for necked cartridges. Some embodiments provide for arresting the hammer to facilitate semi-automatic operation. In various embodiments, a trigger pull adjustment mechanism is provided for adjusting a pull required to actuate the firing trigger component.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, a firearm having a fully cocked configuration and a triggered configuration is disclosed, comprising: a hammer including a sear engagement portion; a biasing element operatively coupled with the hammer that shifts the hammer from a first orientation that corresponds to the fully cocked configuration to a second orientation that corresponds to the triggered configuration; a firing trigger component including a sear portion that engages the sear engagement portion of the hammer when the trigger assembly is in the fully cocked configuration, the firing trigger component being actuatable for disengagement of the sear portion from the sear engagement portion, enabling the biasing element to shift the hammer from the first orientation to the second orientation; a safety trigger component selectively movable between a blocking position and a non-blocking position; and a blocking member that engages the safety trigger component and is moveable by the safety trigger component between a first position wherein the safety effector member prevents actuation of the firing trigger component when the safety trigger component is in the blocking position and a second position wherein the safety effector member enables actuation of the firing trigger component when the safety trigger component is in the non-blocking position.
The safety trigger component can optionally comprise a catch that prevents the hammer from reaching the second orientation from the first orientation when the safety trigger component is in the blocking position. The manual safety mechanism can include a safety bar accessible from outside the housing. In some embodiments, a housing contains the hammer and the biasing element, wherein the blocking member is selectively engageable with the housing to prevent the safety trigger component from moving the safety effector member. The blocking member can operatively coupled with a manual safety mechanism that selectively engages the safety effector member with the housing. The firing trigger component can be actuatable by rotation about a pivot, the pivot being operatively coupled with the housing.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, a semiautomatic firearm is presented having a fire trigger with a curvature and a central slot and a safety trigger disposed in the slot and having a curvature conforming to the curvature of the fire trigger, the fire trigger having a normal position and a fire position rearward of the normal position, the safety trigger having a normal position extending forwardly of the normal position of the fire trigger, and a fire position at or rearwardly of the normal position of the fire trigger, the safety trigger associated with at least two firing inhibitors, the firing inhibitors in a inhibiting position when the safety trigger is in the normal position and in a non-inhibiting position when the safety trigger is in the fire position.
Various embodiments of the disclosure include a hammer that pivots about a pivot axis and has capture features on opposing sides. In some embodiments, the hammer includes a first engagement portion that operates as a hammer to prevent the hammer release unless a safety trigger is retracted, and the hammer includes a second engagement portion as an arrestor that prevents automatic firing action and captures the hammer should the firing trigger remain retracted during a recoil cycle.
Some embodiments of the disclosure include a semi-automatic firearm suitable for high powered rimfire cartridges that incorporates a trigger assembly with a plurality of firing inhibitors to minimize misfires and out-of-breach firings of cartridges and that still allows for a low pressure trigger pull that can be adjusted by the user, for example, field adjustable.
Some embodiments disclose a semiautomatic firearm having a fire trigger with a curvature and a central slot and a safety trigger disposed in the slot and having a curvature approximating the curvature of the fire trigger, the safety trigger being connected to a plurality of firing inhibitors that each have an inhibiting position and a non-inhibiting position.
In various embodiments, a semiautomatic firearm is disclosed having a fire trigger with a curvature and a central slot and a safety trigger disposed in the slot and having a curvature substantially conforming to the curvature of the fire trigger, the fire trigger having a battery position and a fire position rearward of the battery position, the safety trigger also having a battery position extending forwardly of the battery position of the fire trigger, and a fire position at or rearwardly of the battery position of the fire trigger, the safety trigger associated with at least two fire inhibitors, the fire inhibitors being in an inhibiting position when the safety trigger is in the battery position and in a non-inhibiting position when the safety trigger is in the fire position.
Various embodiments of the disclosure provide a mechanism for stably securing a spent cartridge casing to a bolt assembly during extraction. In some embodiments, the same mechanism provides stability for a cartridge that is inserted onto a bolt assembly for the reloading process. In some embodiments, the extraction mechanism is tailored to accommodate high powered small caliber rounds, such as, for example, .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (.17 HMR) and .17 Winchester Super Magnums (.17 WSM) cartridges.
Various embodiments of the disclosure address the instability of traditional extractor mechanisms when the retracting bolt speed. Positive cartridge/casing retention of the extractor allows the system to not be speed dependent.
Structurally, an extraction mechanism for a firearm is disclosed, comprising a bolt assembly including a bolt with a bolt face, the bolt assembly being translatable along a central axis. A recess sized to accommodate the base of a cartridge is defined on the bolt face, the recess including a base surface on the bolt face, the base surface being substantially normal to the central axis. In various embodiments, the recess defines an access on a lateral face of the bolt. The access can be concentric about a lateral axis. A ledge portion partially surrounds the base surface of the bolt face, the ledge portion including an inclined face that defines a normal vector including an axial component parallel to the central axis that is directed toward the base surface. In various embodiments, the axial component is in the range of 40 degrees to 70 degrees inclusive from the normal vector. In one embodiment, a cross-section of the inclined face is substantially straight, so that the inclined face and the base surface define an acute angle therebetween. In one embodiment, the ledge portion includes an arcuate segment about the central axis, and can also include a substantially straight portion tangential to the arcuate segment. A retractable extractor can be disposed proximate the recess, the retractable extractor being extendable over the base surface. In one embodiment, a firing pin that selectively extends into the recess in a direction normal to the base surface.
The inclined face of the ridge enables the spent cartridge casing to be adequately secured to the bolt face, while enabling the spent cartridge casing to slide upward and outward from the recess when brought into contact with the ejector.
In various embodiments, a semi-automatic firearm is disclosed, comprising a barrel defining a chamber centered about a barrel axis for holding a rimfire cartridge and a bolt assembly operatively coupled to the barrel. The bolt assembly is movable along the barrel axis to an engagement position with the barrel and is adapted to discharge the rimfire cartridge. The bolt assembly can comprise a unitary bolt body having a distal end portion, the distal end portion defining a recess for receiving a head of a rimfire cartridge. The recess is bound by a base surface that is normal to the barrel axis, an undercut portion that extends distally from the recessed base surface, and a ledge portion distal to the undercut portion that protrudes radially inward toward the barrel axis relative to the undercut portion. The ledge portion defines a central axis and includes an inclined face that faces the base surface. In one embodiment, the inclined face presents a rearwardly facing partial frusto-conical surface for engaging an exposed portion of a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the recess. In various embodiments, the semi-automatic firearm is in combination with a rimfire cartridge.
In one embodiment, the recess sized for receiving a head of a rimfire cartridge. The base surface and undercut portion can be sized such that the head of the rimfire cartridge is slidable on the base surface in all radial directions from the central axis for positioning a rim of the rimfire cartridge to contact the inclined face of the ledge portion. In one embodiment, the barrel axis and the central axis are non-concentric for seating a rim of a rimfire cartridge against the inclined face of the ledge portion when the bolt assembly is in the engagement position with the barrel. An extractor can be pivotally engaged with the bolt body, the extractor having a hook portion biased toward the central axis and extending over the recess. The hook portion can configured for engagement with a spent cartridge casing to push a rim of the spent cartridge casing into engagement with the inclined face of the ledge portion.
In various embodiments, at least part of the ledge portion is diametrically opposite the extractor. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the ledge portion is opposite the extractor, the hook portion being positioned for engaging a case wall of a rimfire cartridge to slide the rimfire cartridge on the base surface of the recess to contact with the inclined face of the ledge portion. In some embodiments, the ledge portion defines an arcuate segment.
The semi-automatic firearm can further include a receiver operatively coupled to the barrel, the bolt assembly being movably engaged within the receiver, the firearm including an ejector member positioned in an opening of the bolt body for ejecting a spent cartridge casing from the recess when the bolt assembly moves rearwardly.
In one embodiment, the inclined face of the ledge portion defines an acute angle facing inwardly toward the central axis. In various embodiments, the acute angle can be in a range of 25 degrees to 85 degrees inclusive, 25 to 65 degrees inclusive, 35 to 60 degrees inclusive, 35 to 55 degrees inclusive, or 40 to 50 degrees inclusive. In various embodiments, the ledge portion extends at least 30 degrees and less than 180 degrees around the recess.
In some embodiments, the recess is sized for a .22 caliber or smaller cartridge. The bolt recess can be sized to enable movement of the head of the cartridge at least 4% of the diametric distance of a standard cartridge size at the head of the cartridge.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, a semi-automatic firearm is disclosed for firing rimfire ammunition, the firearm comprising including a barrel defining a chamber for receiving and firing a rimfire cartridge, a receiver operatively coupled to the barrel, and a bolt assembly operatively coupled to the receiver and adapted for loading, firing, and ejecting a rimfire cartridge. The bolt assembly is translatable rearwardly along a central axis to a rearward position for withdrawal of a cartridge casing from the chamber and ejection of the casing, the bolt assembly being translatable from the rearward position forwardly for loading a rimfire cartridge from a magazine into the chamber. The bolt assembly can comprise a bolt body with a forward bolt face, and a recess defined on the forward bolt face for receiving the head of a rimfire cartridge, the recess being proximally bound by a base surface on the bolt face, the base surface being substantially normal to the central axis, the recess surface being oversized compared to a head of a rimfire cartridge. In various embodiments, the recess defines an access on a lateral face of the bolt. The access can be concentric about a lateral axis that intersects the central axis at a right angle.
The bolt assembly can further include a ledge portion that partially surrounds the base surface of the bolt face, the ledge portion including an inclined face that defines a normal vector including an axial component parallel to the central axis that is directed toward the base surface. The axial component is in a range of 40 degrees and 70 degrees inclusive relative to the normal vector. A retractable extractor, such as a claw-type extractor, can be disposed proximate the recess, the retractable extractor being extendable over the base surface. In some embodiments, a firing pin, such as a rim-type firing pin, selectively extends into the recess in a direction normal to the base surface, the firing pin parallel to and non-concentric with the central axis to effect rimfiring of a rimfire cartridge.
The ledge portion optionally includes an arcuate segment and a substantially straight portion tangential to the arcuate segment. In one embodiment, the retractable extractor is substantially centered at a location diametrically opposed to a junction point of the straight portion and the arcuate segment.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, an extraction mechanism for a firearm is disclosed comprising a bolt assembly including a bolt with a bolt face, the bolt assembly being translatable along a central axis. A recess is defined on the bolt face, the recess being proximally bounded by a base surface on the bolt face, the base surface being substantially normal to the central axis. A ledge portion can partially surround the base surface of the bolt face, the ledge portion including an inclined face that defines a normal vector including an axial component parallel to the central axis that is directed toward the base surface. In some embodiments, the axial component is in the range of 40 degrees and 85 degrees inclusive from the normal vector.
In some embodiments, a retractable extractor is disposed proximate the recess, the retractable extractor being extendable over the base surface. In one embodiments, a firing pin that selectively extends into the recess in a direction normal to the base surface. Optionally, the bolt assembly defines an off-axis bore that is parallel to and non-concentric with the central axis, the firing pin being disposed in the off-axis bore, wherein the firing pin is a rim-type firing pin.
The ledge portion can include an arcuate segment, the arcuate segment defining a radius about the central axis. The ledge portion optionally includes a substantially straight portion tangential to the arcuate segment, wherein the retractable extractor is substantially centered at a location diametrically opposed to a junction point of the straight portion and the arcuate segments.
In some embodiments, there is a firing chamber distal to the bolt assembly, the firing chamber being concentric about a barrel axis. Optionally, the firing chamber includes structure defining a circular access opening and a ridge, the ridge including an edge that is immediately adjacent the circular access opening, wherein the retractable extractor engages the ridge to rotate the retractable extractor away from the recess when the firearm is in a firing position. The central axis and the barrel axis can be parallel and non-concentric. In one embodiment, the central axis and the barrel axis are spaced apart and the ledge portion is dimensioned for engagement of a cartridge rim with the inclined face of the ledge portion when the firearm is in a firing configuration.
In various embodiments of the disclosure, a firearm is disclosed, comprising a firing chamber distal to the bolt assembly, the firing chamber being concentric about a barrel axis; a bolt assembly including a bolt with a bolt face, the bolt assembly being translatable along a central axis, the central axis and the barrel axis being substantially parallel and non-concentric; a recess defined on the bolt face, the recess being proximally bounded by a base surface on the bolt face, the base surface being substantially normal to the central axis; and a ledge portion and an undercut portion that partially surrounds the base surface of the bolt face, the ledge portion extending towards the central axis relative to the undercut portion and defining an inclined face that faces the base surface, the ledge portion including an arcuate segment, the arcuate segment defining a radius centered about the central axis. The ledge portion is dimensioned and the central axis and the barrel axis are spaced apart for engagement of a cartridge rim with the inclined face of the ledge portion when the bolt is engaged with the firing chamber in a firing configuration. The inclined face of the ledge portion can define a frusto-conical headspace. Optionally, the inclined face can define a profile that is arcuate and convex.
In various embodiments, a method for extracting a spent cartridge casing from a firing chamber of a firearm includes
The various mechanisms provide for a highly robust, reliable, semiautomatic firearm.
Referring to
The bolt assembly 48 is slidingly engaged in the receiver 34 to move forwardly and backwardly along a bolt assembly travel axis aa which also is also coincident with a barrel axis ab of the bore 37 and is generally a central axis ac of the firearm. The receiver generally has an interior 57 defining a breech region that receives the bolt assembly, an opening 58 that defines the ejection port 44, an inner surface 60 and a ceiling 61. Ledges 62 on the receiver 34 constrain the bolt assembly and may provide bearing surfaces for sliding engagement with the bolt assembly. An engagement surface defining a longitudinal cam surface 63 is fixed with respect to the receiver and may be on the ceiling 61 of the receiver. The cam surface includes a first surface 64 that is at a first elevation 64, a second displaced surface at a second elevation 65 that is configured as a recess surface 65, and a transition cam surface 67 which provides an inclined surface leading from the first surface to the second surface. The first surface is part of a linear portion 69 as illustrated is an inward cam portion 64 with respect to the bolt assembly. The recess surface 65 defining an outward cam portion 65 and the transition cam surface 67 being an inclined surface. In other embodiments the cam portions and cam surfaces may be part of a rib extending inwardly in the breech area or a separate piece attached to the receiver.
Referring generally to
The bolt assembly 48 according to embodiments of the inventions, including the internal components, is illustrated in further detail in
The extractor and the cartridge head receiving region with the undercut has been found to reliably extract and eject cartridges in synergistic association with the componentry described herein and as such contribute to and are an integral part of providing a reliable, mechanically simple, semiautomatic firearm with improved performance, particularly for high power necked rimfire cartridges.
The trigger and firing mechanism 46 includes a double safety trigger 128 and pull adjustment 129. These are described in detail in a related application. The double safety trigger and trigger pull adjustment have been found to contribute to and are an integral part of providing a reliable, mechanically simple, semiautomatic firearm with improved performance, particularly for high power necked rimfire cartridges.
An ejector slot 120, shown best in
The bolt assembly further has the manual handle 92 that extends out the ejection port 44 of the firearm. The manual handle is attached to an intermediary member 154 that has a side aperture 155 that is in alignment with the recoil spring assembly opening 151. A carrier or spanning member 158 for the movable member 94 is inserted into the slot 148 and extends from the left side of the bolt body to the right side and engages the movable member within the bolt body. The carrier member has a side aperture 157 in alignment with the intermediary member aperture 155 as well as the recoil spring assembly opening 151. The spanning member 158 has a ramp portion 159 with a ramp surface 161 that cooperates with a cooperating surface 160 on the movable member 94 such that as the ramp is moved forwardly or backwardly, the movable member raises or lowers respectively. The ramp surface acts as a cam surface and the movable member is a cam follower.
The firing pin assembly 86 and how it integrates with the bolt body is best seen in
The recoil spring assembly 50 and how is integrates with the bolt assembly is best illustrated in
Embodiments of bolt locking mechanism 93 in accord with the inventions herein are illustrated in
Referring to
Additionally, the movable member must push the ramp portion 159 rearward with respect to and within the bolt body 82 to retract. This is accomplished by way of the downward force on the ramp surface 161. This rearward movement is “squeezing” the ramp portion or wedge out-of-the-way of the movable member. It can also be described as a reverse cam mechanism with the component which is configured as a cam follower pushing on the component that is configured as having the cam surface to move that component—the ramp portion. The resistance of the ramp portion to moving rearward is highly dependent upon angle 234, the lesser the angle the more downward force, as indicated by arrow 238, is needed.
Significantly, the carrier with the ramp portion moving forward is essentially has a reverse cam mechanism 235. That is, what would be traditionally a cam follower, the lower surface 237 of the movable locking member 94 is forcing the movement of what would normally be the cam surface, the ramp portion 159. And forcing it in a direction substantially normal to the force provided by the movable member and the ramp portion is biased against the movement by the recoil spring assembly 151. This provides a great multiplication of the blowback resistance of the bolt over what would be provided in a simple blowback arrangement where the resistance to blowback is provided by the inertia of the mass of the bolt assembly and the resistance provided by the recoil spring and frictional resistance. This mechanism also provides a dramatic increase over the configuration of
Referring to
The firing pin blocking mechanism 95 is illustrated best in
Referring to
Referring to
Firearms with delayed blowback mechanisms are known and firearms with firing pin blocks are known. See for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,344,246; 1,737,974; 1,410,270; 6,782791; 3,857,325; 2,975,680; and 5,666,754. These patents are incorporated by reference for all purposes. Aspects of the instant application will be suitable for incorporation in known mechanisms.
Referring to
A bolt assembly 1052 is slidingly engaged within the receiver 1037 and includes a cartridge retraction mechanism 1051, and a manual handle 1056. A cycling spring assembly 1055 connects between the bolt assembly and the rearward end 1057 of the trigger assembly. A trigger guard 1056 extends from the housing 1038.
The trigger assembly 1032 is depicted in detail and various views throughout the figures. The trigger assembly 1032 is housed within the firearm housing 1038 comprising primarily the stock 1036. The trigger assembly 1032 has a trigger mechanism housing 1058 which receives a trigger component cluster 1059 as best shown in
Referring to
As best seen in
In some embodiments, the firing trigger component 1084 includes a cam engagement surface 1140 that engages the arcuate cam surface 1105 of the hammer 1082.
The safety trigger component 1086 can include a finger hook portion 1142 and can be pivotally mounted to the trigger pivot 1126. In various embodiments, the finger hook portion 1142 of the safety trigger component 1086 is a flat structure, formed from, for example, sheet or plate, that is disposed in the slot 1132 of the finger hook portion 1122 of the firing trigger component 1084. The finger hook portion 1122 of the safety trigger component 1086 can also include an aperture 1144. The aperture 1144 can be utilized for insertion of a pin or lock, effectively preventing movement of the trigger hook portion particularly with respect to the hook portion of the firing trigger component. As discussed further below, this prevents the firing trigger component 1084 from being actuated.
In one embodiment, the safety trigger component 1086 includes a catch portion 1146 that is laterally adjacent to the hammer 1082. The catch portion 1146 can resemble an inverted “J” shape, for example as depicted in
Functionally, the safety trigger component return spring 1152 exerts a return force on the extended portion 1148 of the safety trigger component 1086 urging the finger hook portion 1142 of safety trigger component 1086 to be rotated to a full forward position within the slot 1132 of the firing trigger component 1084. In this unactuated or default orientation, the catch portion 1146 is positioned so that the catch portion 1146 is in a rotational path 1162 (
During such an impact event, the safety trigger component 1086 may undergo rotational displacement that is commensurate with the rotational displacement of the firing trigger component 1084. However, in various embodiments, the rotational displacement required to rotate the catch portion 1146 out of the rotational path 1162 of the capture feature 1116 of the hammer 1082 is substantially greater than the rotational displacement required for the sear portion 1124 of firing trigger component 1084 to disengage the sear engagement portion 1106 of the hammer 1082 (see discussion below). Accordingly, the safety trigger component 1086 will generally still perform the function of intercepting the hammer 1082 even if the safety trigger component 1086 undergoes the same or even somewhat more rotational displacement than the firing trigger component 1084 in an impact event.
In the depicted embodiments, the capture feature 1116 is a lateral projection that extends laterally outward from the hammer 1082 in a direction parallel to the rotational axis 1104, for capture by the inverted “J” or other concavity defined by the catch portion 1146. In other embodiments, the capture feature 1116 can comprise a notch formed in the hammer 1082, and the catch portion 1146 can include a projection that is captured within the notch (not depicted).
Referring to
In the fully cocked or “battery” configuration 1180 (
An actuation force 1192 is applied to the front edge 1184 of the safety trigger component finger hook portion 1142 (
The actuation force 1192 then engages the firing trigger component 1084, thereby causing the firing trigger component 1084 and the safety trigger component 1086 to rotate effectively simultaneously about the trigger pivot 1126 and into firing positions. The rotation of the firing trigger component 1084 causes the sear portion 1124 to rotate away from the hammer 1082 and slide radially outward from the hammer pivot 1102 along the sear engagement portion 1106. When the sear portion 1124 slides off the sear engagement portion 1106, the hammer 1082 is released and swings into contact with the firing pin 1054, thereby establishing the triggered configuration 1182 where both the safety trigger component 86 and the firing trigger component 1084 are in a firing position (
The positions of respective finger hook portions 1122 and 1142 of the firing trigger component 1084 and the safety trigger component 1086 for both the fully cocked configuration 1180 and the triggered configuration 1182 are presented in
Referring to
Referring again to
The safety trigger component 1086 can include a fork 1211 comprising a pair of protrusions 1212a and 1212b that contact the blocking member 1200. The firing trigger component 1084 can include an underside 1214 against which the lever 1202 of the blocking member 1200 registers. In the depicted embodiment, the underside 1214 defines a recess 1215 within which the lever 1202 registers The firing trigger component 1084 can further include a projection 1216 that is proximate the arcuate base portion 1204 of the blocking member 1200.
Referring to
During actuation of the safety trigger component 1086, the protrusion 1212a rotates against blocking member 1200, causing the lever portion 1202 to rotate away from the underside 1214 of the firing trigger component 1084. The rotation of the blocking member 1200 also causes the recess 1208 of the arcuate base portion 1204 to rotate into alignment with the projection 1216 of the firing trigger component 1084 (
Accordingly, when the firearm 1030 is in the fully cocked configuration, the safety trigger component 1086 controls the orientation of the blocking member 1200. As the safety trigger component 1086 is actuated, the blocking member 1200 is oriented so as not to pose an obstruction to the firing trigger component 1084, freeing the firing trigger component 1084 for rotation away from the hammer 1082 and subsequent discharge of the firearm 1030.
Functionally, in the fully cocked configuration 1180, if an actuation force or “pull” is exerted on the firing trigger component 1084 but somehow not exerted on the safety trigger component 1086, the blocking member 1200 will maintain engagement with the firing trigger component 1084, thereby preventing rotation of the firing trigger component 1084 and subsequent discharge of the firearm 1030. Thus, in one embodiment, the blocking member 1200 can provide a redundant or additional safety mechanism against accidental discharge of the firearm 1030. Instead of relying solely on the friction between the sear portion 1124 and the sear engagement portion 1106, the blocking member 1200 provides a positive blocking force that helps prevent disengagement of the sear and the sear engagement portions 1124 and 1106 in an impact event. Moreover, the lever portion 1202 engaging the recess in the trigger component prevents the pivoting of the component about the pivot. In some embodiments, the blocking member 1200 can be the sole safety mechanism; that is, the blocking member 1200 is utilized without the catch portion 1146 instead of in addition to the catch portion 1146.
Referring to
The bolt assembly 1052 is motivated in the forward direction 1080 by a force 1222, imparted, for example, manually by a gunman or by a blow back mechanism. This motivation causes the bolt assembly 1052 to rotate the head portion 1092 of the hammer 1082 in the forward direction 80, which further causes the cam portion 94 to rotate on the cam engagement surface 1140. The cam engagement surface 1140 is maintained in contact with the cam portion 1094 by a return force 1224 imparted on the firing trigger component 1084 by the firing trigger return spring 1136.
As the head portion 1092 of the hammer 1082 is rotated in the forward direction 1080, the capture feature 1116 is rotated below the hook of the catch portion 1146 (
At some point after the capture feature 1116 of the hammer 1082 is rotated below the hook of the catch portion 1146, the arcuate cam surface 1105 of the cam portion 1094 rotates off the cam engagement surface 1140 (
Upon withdrawal of the bolt assembly from contact with the hammer 1082 and into the firing position, the fully cocked configuration 1180 of the firearm 1030 is restored (e.g.,
In one embodiment, and again in reference to
When the manual safety mechanism 1230 is pushed in an opposite direction (e.g., to the left in the depicted embodiments), the firearm is configured in a “firing mode,” wherein release of the sear portion 1084 of the firing trigger component 1084 from the sear engagement portion 1106 of the hammer 1082 is enabled. In the firing mode, the lever portion 1202 is displaced off of the stop 1236, enabling rotation by the fork 1211 of the safety trigger component 1086 and rotation the lever portion 1202 out of the blocking position with the underside 1214 of the firing trigger component 1084. The lever 1202 can be sized widthwise such that, during lateral movement of the blocking member 1200, the lever maintains engagement of the safety trigger fork 1211. Also, the lever 1202, when engaged with the underside 1214 on the lower side of the firing trigger component 84, can maintain blockage and/or engagement with the underside 1214 during lateral actuation. Engagement with the underside 1214 is lost only upon the rotation of the blocking member 1200.
It is further noted that aspects of the embodiments depicted in
Referring to
In one embodiment, the arresting mechanism 1260 involves interaction of at least four components: the bolt assembly 1052, the hammer 1082, the firing trigger component 1084, and an arrestor 1088. The arrestor 1088 is pivotally mounted within the housing 1038 and distal to the hammer 1082. In one embodiment, the arrestor 88 includes a claw portion 1264 and a rocker arm portion 1266. The claw portion 1264 can include a rounded head portion 1268 and a radiused nose 1272. An arrestor return spring 1274 can be operatively coupled to the arrestor 1088. In one embodiment, the arrestor 1088 is pivotally mounted to the trigger pivot 1126.
In various embodiments, the arresting mechanism 1260 can include a cavity 1282 formed in the head portion 1092 of the hammer 1082, the cavity 1282 and head portion 1092 further defining a lip portion 1284. In one embodiment, the firing trigger component 1084 includes a lateral protrusion 1286 that is part of the arresting mechanism, the lateral protrusion 1286 being positioned to engage the rocker arm portion 1266 of the arrestor 1088.
In one embodiment, the arrestor 1088 is configured and positioned so that the claw portion 1264 is engageable with the lip portion 1284 of the cavity 1282 when the hammer 1082 is hyperextended in the forward direction 1080. Herein, the hammer 1082 is considered “hyperextended” when the head portion 1092 of the hammer 1082 is displaced to be forward to where the head portion 1092 is located when in the fully cocked configuration 1180.
Referring to
When an actuation force 1292 is applied to the triggers 1084 and 1086, the lateral protrusion 1286 of the firing trigger component 1084 is pitched in the distal direction 1081. The arrestor 1088, being biased by the arrestor return spring 1274, follows the firing trigger component 1084, being stopped by the lateral protrusion 1286. When the firing trigger component 1084 is depressed, the lip portion 1284 of the cavity 1282 encounters the rounded head portion 1268 and/or radiused nose 1272 of the claw portion 1264 as the head portion 1092 of the hammer 1082 is rotated in the forward direction 1080 during cocking of the firearm 1030 (
The bolt assembly 1052 then retracts back into the firing position, becoming disengaged from the hammer 1082 (
In one embodiment, upon removal of the actuation force 1292 (e.g., when the gunman removes his finger from the firing trigger component 1084), the return force 1228 of the firing trigger return spring 1136 causes rotation of the firing trigger component 1084 so that the lateral protrusion 1286 of the firing trigger component 1084 is rotated upwards (clockwise in
The rotation of the firing trigger component 1084 upon removal of the actuation force 1292 also causes the cam engagement surface 1140 to come into contact with the flat 1110 of the cam portion 1094, which brings the sear portion 1124 of the firing trigger component 1084 proximate and adjacent to, but not in contact with, the sear engagement portion 1106 of the hammer 1082 (
It is further noted that, in various embodiments, if the firing trigger component 1084 is not actuated when the hammer 1082 reaches the hyperextended position, the arrestor 1088 is not in a position to engage and/or secure the lip portion 1284 of the hammer 1082. Accordingly, the arrestor 1088 does not substantially interfere with the cocking operation if the firing trigger component 1084 is not actuated.
The barrel and receiver may be conventionally manufactured from steel. In various embodiments, other metals may be used. The components of the trigger assembly cluster are generally conventionally formed from steel or other metals. In some instances, polymers may replace some components. For example the trigger mechanism housing may be made from polymers and composite materials. Metal inserts may be used for particular areas requiring high strength such as attachment locations. See projection 1060 and the trigger guard 1056 (see
Referring to
In the depicted embodiment, the adjustable firing trigger return spring 1302 includes an upper portion 1304 and a lower portion 1306 spiral wound about a spring axis 1308. A transition segment 1312 can be formed in the lower-most spiral 1314 of the upper portion 1304, the transition segment 1312 passing through the adjustable firing trigger return spring 1302 proximate the spring axis 1308. In one embodiment, the transition segment 1312 is substantially linear over a portion thereof. In the way, the transition segment 1312 obstructs what would otherwise be a clear passage through the adjustable firing trigger return spring 1302. The upper and lower portions 1304 and 1306 can be of different diameter, as depicted. Also in the depicted embodiment, the upper portion 1304 terminates with a tail portion 1316 that is substantially concentric with the spring axis 1308. The ledge portion 1137 can define a mounting hole 1318 within which the tail portion 1316 is mounted in assembly.
In assembly, the lower portion 1306 of the adjustable firing trigger return spring 1302 is firmly seated within a through-hole 1322 defined on the firing trigger component 1084. The firm seating of the lower portion 1306 within the through-hole 1322 can be accomplished by an interference fit between an inner wall 1324 of the through-hole 1322 and the lower portion 1306 of the spring 1302 as wound. The interference fit provides a high degree of friction between the inner wall 1324 of the through-hole 1322 and the lower portion 1306 of the spring 1302, thereby fixing the compressed length of the spring 1302. In this embodiment, while the friction is sufficient to maintain the compressed length 1302 of the spring when the firearm 1030 is in the fully cocked configuration 1180 (i.e., prior to actuation of the firing trigger component 1084), the spring 1302 In one embodiment, the through-hole 1322 is tapered to augment the seating operation during assembly and rotation of the spring 1302 during an adjustment.
Referring to
Referring to
Accordingly, the disclosed trigger pull adjustment mechanism 1300 accomplishes adjustment of the trigger pull with fewer components and with reduced machining complexity. For example, conventional trigger pull adjustments utilize an additional set screw that requires a threaded hole for the compression adjustment. The trigger pull adjustment mechanism 1300 eliminates the need for these components and attendant complexity.
Other adjustable trigger mechanisms can be implemented instead. Such mechanisms are illustrated, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,553,706, owned by the owner of this application, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated reference herein in its entirety except for express definitions and patent claims contained therein. See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,220,193 and 8,250,799, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated reference herein in their entirety except for express definitions and patent claims contained therein.
Referring to
However, due to the size and shape of cartridges such as rim fire cartridges and in particular high powered rim fire cartridges, ejection can be problematic, for example in semi-automatic firearms. Ejection can become compromised because once the shell casing 2022 is extracted from the firing chamber it is not in static equilibrium and is no longer stable (
It is further noted while other portions of the case rim 2024, particularly portions that are diametrically opposed to the contact region of the rotating claw 2020, can also be subject to an axial force, these axial forces rely on friction that results from radial counter forces exerted on the case rim 2024. The frictional forces can be inconsistent, particularly when the surfaces involved are oiled, as is common practice with well-maintained firearms, or there is a buildup of discharge residue.
Referring to
Various components of the bolt assembly 2046 are part of the extraction mechanism 2032. The extraction mechanism 2032 includes a bolt 2052 having a bolt face 2054 at a distal end 2053 and a lower face 2055. A recess 2058 is defined on the bolt face 2054. In various embodiments, the structure defining the recess 2058 includes an undercut portion 2087 that extends distally to a ledge portion 2086, the ledge portion 2086 having an arcuate segment 2060 that arcs tangentially about a central axis 2056 that is normal to the base surface 2072. (Herein, an “axis” extends indefinitely in two opposing directions, and is not bound lengthwise by the object or feature that defines the axis.)
In one embodiment, the arcuate segment 2060 defines the location of the central axis 2056 on the base surface 2072, the arcuate segment 2060 of the ledge portion 2086 being at a constant radius R from the central axis 2056. The bolt 2052 being translatable parallel to the central axis 2056. The recess 2058 can extend through a lateral periphery 2062 of the bolt 2052, effectively defining a channel 2064 that extends along a channel axis 2066 and defining a channel opening 2068 at the lateral periphery 2062. The recess 2058 can be bounded proximally by a base surface 2072 on the bolt face 2054. The base surface 2072 is substantially normal to the central axis 2056. The bolt assembly 2046 can further include a retractable anchoring bar 2070 that extends away from the central axis 2056 through an aperture 2071 formed in the bolt 2052.
The bolt 2052 can also include structure defining a first lateral bore 2074 and a second lateral bore 2076 proximate the bolt face 2054, the second lateral bore 2076 being proximal (rearward) to the first lateral bore 2074. An extractor channel 2078 can be formed on the distal (forward) end portion 2053 of the bolt 2052, the extractor channel 2078 extending parallel to the central axis 2056 and passing through both the first and second lateral bores 2074 and 2076. (Herein, “proximal” and “forward” refer to a direction 2080 that is towards a butt end 2083 of the stock, and “distal” and “rearward” refer to a direction 2084 that is towards a discharge end 2085 of the barrel 2038.)
The ledge portion 2086 and undercut portion 2087 partially surrounds the base surface 2072 of the bolt face 2054. The ledge portion 2086 includes an inclined face 88 that faces the base surface 2072 defines a normal vector 2092 (
Alternatively, the ledge portion 2086 can be configured to define other profile shapes. In one embodiment, the ledge portion 2086 includes an arcuate, convex-shaped profile 2090a (
The extraction mechanism 2032 also includes a retractable extractor 2100. In some embodiment, the retractable extractor 2100 is diametrically opposed to the junction point 2098 about the central axis 2056. In one embodiment, the retractable extractor 2100 is centered at this location. In one embodiment, the retractable extractor 2100 is a claw-type extractor 2102 having a claw portion 2104, a stem portion 2106, and a pivot arm portion 2108. The claw-type extractor 2102 is disposed in the extractor channel 2078 proximate the recess 2058, with the claw portion 2104 is extendable over the recess 2058 and/or base surface 2072. The claw portion 2104 can define an apex 2110 at a radially innermost extremity, and a tapered distal face 2112 that slopes distally and away from the apex 2110 with increasing radial distance r from the central axis 2056.
The apex 2110 may be in axial alignment (with respect to the firearm) with pin 2114. This minimizes rotation or disengagement of the cartridge rim from the force of the cartridge rim during extraction, enabling the extractor spring to be of minimal force.
The pivot arm portion 2108 of the claw-type extractor 2102 can extend into the first lateral bore 2074 and can be pivotally coupled to a pivot pin 2114 that extends laterally into or through the first lateral bore 2074. A proximal end 2116 of the of the stem portion 2106 of the claw-type extractor 2102 can extend proximal to the pivot arm portion 2108 and be disposed within the second lateral bore 2076, with a biasing element 2118 (e.g., a spring) disposed within the second lateral bore 2076. In one embodiment, the biasing element 2118 exerts a force FB radially outward on the proximal end 2116 of the of the stem portion 2106 of the claw-type extractor 2102, such that, in a default configuration, the proximal end 2116 of the claw-type retractable extractor 2102 is biased in a rotational position about the pivot pin 2114 that extends the claw portion 2104 of the claw-type retractable extractor 2102 over the recess 2058.
In one embodiment, the bolt 2052 includes a magazine rail 2120 that is defined on the lower face 2055 of the bolt 2052 and extends substantially parallel to the central axis 2056 along the lower face 2055. The magazine rail 2120 includes a distal face 2121 that protrudes downward and can be substantially centered about the channel axis 2066.
The lower face 2055 of the bolt 2052 can further define an ejector channel 20122 within which a stationary ejector 2124 is mounted, the stationary ejector 2124 being stationary relative to the firearm 2030 and including a distal end 2126. The ejector channel 2122 extends substantially parallel to the central axis 2056 and through the base surface 2072 of the bolt face 2054. The bolt 2052 can also include a firing pin channel or passage 2128, within which a firing pin 2132 can be slidingly engaged. The firing pin 2132 includes a distal end 2134 that is selectively extensible into the recess 2058 in a direction normal to the base surface 2072. In one embodiment, the firing pin 2132 is a rim-type firing pin.
The firing chamber 2042 includes chamber wall 2136 that defines a cylindrical interior chamber 2138 centered about a barrel axis 2139 and having a circular access opening 2142 that faces the breech 2044, and within which a cartridge 2140 can be mounted and discharged. When mounted in the chamber, the rim 2148 is proximal to the bullet 2143. The cartridge 2140 is characterized as having the casing 2144 that includes a body or case wall 2146, a head 2141 having the rim 2148, and a bullet 2143. The rim 2148 is further characterized as defining a forward side 2148a. The rim 2148 is depicted as being of greater diameter than the case wall 2146. Standard cartridges of this variety, which are often rimfire cartridges, include the .22 short, the .22 long rifle, and the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (.22 WMR). In certain embodiments, the casing 2144 is of the shouldered variety, having a major diameter 2145 and a minor diameter or neck 2147 joined by a tapered shoulder 2149 (
Alternatively, the extraction mechanism 2032 can be tailored to extract standard “rimless bottleneck” cartridges with heads that are of approximately the same or smaller diameter as the body for casings where the head projects outward relative to a reduced diameter of the body at the body/rim junction. That is, the head of a rimless bottleneck cartridge does not extend radially beyond the radius of the case wall. Standard cartridges of this variety include, but are not limited to, the .22 Remington and the .17 Remington, which are both centerfire cartridges.
In one embodiment, a ridge 2152 can be formed at a proximal end 2154 of the firing chamber 2042. The ridge 2152 defines an edge 2156 that is immediately adjacent the circular access opening 2142, such that when the cartridge 2140 is mounted in the firing chamber 2042, an exposed portion 2158 of the rim 2148 extends radially outward relative to the edge 2156 of the ridge 2152. In some embodiments, the edge 2156 of the ridge 2152 is tangential to the circular access opening 2142.
Referring again to
The radial outward displacement of the claw portion 2104 causes the claw-type extractor 2102 to rotate about the pivot pin 2114, such that the proximal end 2116 of the stem 2106 is rotated radially inward against the biasing element 2118. In this way, the claw-type extractor 2102 retracted, so that the claw portion 2104 is clear of the cartridge 2140 and enabling the rim 2148 of the casing 2144 to be registered against the circular access opening 2142 of the firing chamber 2042.
In various embodiments, the central axis 2056 of the recess 2058 is parallel to, but not concentric with, the barrel axis 2139, as best seen in
In one embodiment, when in the firing position 2172, the retractable anchoring bar 2070 extends into an anchoring slot 2171 formed in the breech 2044, such that a proximal face 2173 of the anchoring bar 2070 registers against a distal face 2175 of the anchoring slot 2171. In one embodiment, the location and configuration of the anchoring slot 2171 is such that, when the anchoring bar 2070 is registered therein in the firing position 2172, the bolt face 2054 is in pressing contact with the proximal end 2154 of the firing chamber 2042.
Upon discharge, a spent cartridge casing 2174 is present in the firing chamber 2042. For a semi-automatic firearm, the bolt assembly 2046 is disengaged from the firing chamber 2042 by a blowback force FB that also exerts a pressure on the spent cartridge casing 2174 that forces the head 2141 of the casing 2144 against the base surface 2072 of the bolt face 2054. The blowback force FB causes the bolt assembly 2046 to translate parallel to the central axis 2056 away from the firing chamber 2042. As the bolt assembly 2046 is translated away from the firing chamber 2042, the claw portion 2104 of the claw-like extractor 2102 is rotated radially inward, motivated by the biasing element 2118 acting on the proximal end 2116 of the claw-like extractor 2102 (
As the bolt assembly 2046 is translated in the proximal direction 2080, the apex 2110 of the claw portion 2104 exerts an axial force FCa against the exposed portion of the rim 2148, thereby extracting the spent cartridge casing 2174 from the firing chamber 2042 (
As the major diameter 2145 of the spent cartridge casing 2174 is extracted in the proximal direction 2080, the firing chamber 2042, the interior chamber 2138 of the firing chamber is vented, eliminating the blowback force FB (
Momentum from the blowback of the discharge continues to translate bolt assembly 2046 parallel to the central axis 2056 in the proximal direction 2080, with the base surface 2072 of the bolt face 2054 eventually reaching the distal end 2126 of the stationary ejector 2124 (
Referring to
Additionally, in semiautomatic firearms that do use blowback, at some point the inertia of the bolt assembly moving rearward and the frictional engagement of the casing with the firing chamber wall can overtake the rearward seating force of the cartridge casing, particularly after the pressurization of the firing chamber has dissipated, allowing separation to occur as shown in
For a non-blowback extraction and potentially at a certain point in blowback extraction, the spent cartridge casing 2174 can drag against the chamber wall 2136 of the firing chamber 2042 providing a frictional force FW. The drag FW can cause the spent cartridge casing 2174 to rise off of the base surface 2072 of the bolt face 2054. The spent cartridge casing 2174 is nevertheless retained within the recess 2058 by the claw portion 2104 of the claw extractor 2102 during the initial stages of the extraction (
In some instances, the rim 2148 can be canted within the recess 2058 during the extraction, as depicted at
Referring to
In one embodiment, the spool is rotationally biased by a spring 2212 (
In operation, as the spool 2206 rotates about the spindle 2208, the cartridge 2140 encounters a ramp structure 2218 (depicted in hidden lines) within the housing 2192 that causes the bullet 2143 of the cartridge 2140 to protrude above the housing 2192, while the rim 2148 remains captured within the housing 2192 in alignment with the proximal notch 2196 of the upper slot 2194 of the magazine 2190 (
Referring to
The biasing spring 2212 causes the spool 2206 to exert an upward force on the rim 2148, biasing the rim into the upper slot 2194, as depicted in
As the cartridge 2140 is translated/rotated along the channel axis 2066, an outer cylindrical surface 2224 contacts the claw portion 2104 of the claw-type extractor 2102 at an acute angle α relative to an actuation axis 2226 of the claw-type extractor 2102 (
As the cartridge 2140 continues to be thrust forward, the casing 2144 rides up onto the shoulder portions 2202 of the distal notch 2198 of the magazine 2190. As the cartridge 2140 is pushed into the cylindrical interior chamber 2138 of the firing chamber 2042, the outer cylindrical surface 2224 of the casing 2144 comes into sliding contact with the chamber wall 2136. Because of the close tolerance fit between the casing 2144 and the chamber wall 2136, the cartridge 2140 becomes righted within the interior chamber 2138 such that the cartridge 2140 is in substantial alignment with the barrel axis 2139 (
The bolt assembly 2046 continues forward until the cartridge 2140 is fully chambered within the firing chamber 2042. As the bolt face 2054 comes into pressing contact with the proximal end 2154 of the firing chamber 2042, the anchoring bar 2170 extends into the anchoring slot 2171 to secure the bolt 2052 against the firing chamber 2042 (
When used herein, the terminology “connect to” or “attach to” do not require direct component to component connection and intermediate components may be present.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including the references incorporated by reference, including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including references incorporated by reference, any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment (s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any incorporated by reference references, any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed The above references in all sections of this application are herein incorporated by references in their entirety for all purposes.
Although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose could be substituted for the specific examples shown. This application is intended to cover adaptations or variations of the present subject matter. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be defined by the attached claims and their legal equivalents, as well as the following illustrative aspects. The above described aspects embodiments of the invention are merely descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered limiting. Further modifications of the invention herein disclosed will occur to those skilled in the respective arts and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/352,330, filed Nov. 15, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,788,277, which is a continuation of PCT/US2015/031210, filed on May 15, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/599,396, filed Jan. 16, 2015, Now U.S. Pat. No. 9,810,496, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/599,199, filed Jan. 16, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,599,417 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/599,408, filed Jan. 16, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,513,076. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/993,541, filed May 15, 2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/993,563, filed May 15, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/993,569, filed May 15, 2014. The above-recited applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
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| 20210148662 A1 | May 2021 | US |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15352330 | Nov 2016 | US |
| Child | 17036610 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US2015/031210 | May 2015 | US |
| Child | 15352330 | US | |
| Parent | 14599199 | Jan 2015 | US |
| Child | PCT/US2015/031210 | US | |
| Parent | 14599408 | Jan 2015 | US |
| Child | 14599199 | US | |
| Parent | 14599396 | Jan 2015 | US |
| Child | 14599408 | US |
