Patent Application
20160349556
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a production method of the same, and more particularly to a semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor TFT, and a production method of the same.
In recent years, liquid crystal display devices of the active matrix type have widely been used. Active matrix type liquid crystal display devices include an active matrix substrate (also referred to as a “TFT substrate”) having a thin film transistor (TFT) provided for each pixel, a counter substrate opposing the active matrix substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. By controlling a voltage that is applied to the liquid crystal layer (which is referred to as a “liquid crystal capacitor” in electrical terms) in each pixel via the TFT, an active matrix type liquid crystal display device adjusts the amount of light transmitted through the pixel, thus performing displaying. In each pixel of the TFT substrate, a storage capacitor is provided which is connected electrically in parallel to the liquid crystal capacitor.
Patent Document 1 proposes a structure for improving the aperture ratio of an active matrix type liquid crystal display device. In the structure proposed in Patent Document 1, an organic insulating layer is formed so as to cover the TFT, and on this organic insulating layer, a storage capacitor electrode, a dielectric layer, and a pixel electrode are stacked in this order (or in reverse order), whereby a storage capacitor is formed.
On the other hand, oxide semiconductors have recently been drawing attention as materials for a TFT active layer. Patent Document 2 discloses, as Variant 2, an active matrix type liquid crystal display device incorporating TFTs as switching elements, of which active layers are oxide semiconductor films. An oxide semiconductor has a higher mobility than does an amorphous silicon, and is able to operate more rapidly than a TFT whose active layer is an amorphous silicon film (hereinafter, an “amorphous silicon TFT”). In the present specification, a TFT whose active layer is an oxide semiconductor film may be referred to as an “oxide semiconductor TFT”.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 9-171196
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2010-230744
In an active matrix type liquid crystal display device including oxide semiconductor TFTs, the inventors have tried a construction where storage capacitors are formed on an organic insulating layer covering the oxide semiconductor TFTs; as a result, a problem has been found in that air voids may occur in the liquid crystal layer during a preservation test under high temperature and high humidity. Such air voids will be a cause of deteriorated display quality, and may degrade the reliability of the liquid crystal display device.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an objective thereof is to improve the reliability of a semiconductor device including oxide semiconductor TFTs, under high temperature and high humidity.
A semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a substrate; a thin film transistor supported on the substrate, the thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer; an organic insulating layer covering the thin film transistor; a lower layer electrode on the organic insulating layer; a dielectric layer on the lower layer electrode; and an upper layer electrode on the dielectric layer, the upper layer electrode including a portion opposing the lower layer electrode via the dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer is a silicon nitride film having a hydrogen content of 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less.
In one embodiment, the silicon nitride film has a relative dielectric constant of 6.56 or less.
In one embodiment, the oxide semiconductor layer comprises an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor.
In one embodiment, the In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor includes a crystalline portion.
In one embodiment, the oxide semiconductor layer comprises an In—Sn—Zn—O type semiconductor, an In—Ga—Sn—O type semiconductor, or an In—Ga—O type semiconductor.
In one embodiment, the upper layer electrode and the lower layer electrode are each made of a transparent electrically conductive material.
A production method of a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: step (a) of providing a substrate; step (b) of forming a thin film transistor on the substrate, the thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer; step (c) of forming an organic insulating layer covering the thin film transistor; step (d) of forming a lower layer electrode on the organic insulating layer; step (e) of forming a dielectric layer on the lower layer electrode; and step (f) of forming an upper layer electrode on the dielectric layer, wherein, step (e) is a step of forming a silicon nitride film as the dielectric layer, and is performed under film formation conditions such that the silicon nitride film has a hydrogen content of 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less.
In one embodiment, step (e) is performed under film formation conditions such that the silicon nitride film has a relative dielectric constant of 6.56 or less.
In one embodiment, step (e) is performed by a plasma CVD technique, using a gaseous mixture containing SiH4 and also containing NH3 and/or N2, under film formation conditions defined by: an intra-chamber pressure of not less than 1200 mTorr and not more than 1500 mTorr; a substrate temperature of not less than 180° C. and not more than 220° C.; an inter-electrode distance of not less than 18 mm and not more than 25 mm; a ratio of the flow rate of SiH4 to a total flow rate of the gaseous mixture being not less than 3% and not more than 5%; and a power density of 0.36 W/cm2 or more.
In one embodiment, step (e) is performed with a power density of 0.49 W/cm2 or less.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reliability of a semiconductor device including oxide semiconductor TFTs under high temperature and high humidity can be improved.
First, findings which have been made by the inventors regarding occurrence of the aforementioned air voids will be explained.
In an active matrix type liquid crystal display device including oxide semiconductor TFTs, the inventors tried a construction where storage capacitors were formed on an organic insulating layer covering the oxide semiconductor TFTs; this resulted in some instances of air voids occurring in the liquid crystal layer during a preservation test under high temperature and high humidity.
At the incipient stage of their occurrence, the air voids are too small to be visually recognized, but they gradually gather together to become larger over time. The amount of time until occurrence of air voids is observed will be shorter under conditions of higher vapor pressure. For example, under the conditions of 50° C.·95% RH, 60° C.·95% RH, and 70° C.·95% RH, the amount of time until air voids occur will become increasingly shorter in this order. The inventors have analyzed the components of the air voids, thus finding a main component (about 90% by volume ratio) of the air voids to be H2 (hydrogen), and the remaining components to be N2 (nitrogen), CO (carbon monoxide), and CO2 (carbon dioxide).
Although the mechanism that causes air voids has not been completely revealed, it is presumable that the hydrogen contained in the air voids was contained in a silicon nitride film being formed as a dielectric layer composing each storage capacitor. Moreover, from the fact that air voids are present in a construction where storage capacitors are formed on an organic insulating layer, it is presumable that the organic insulating layer, located below the silicon nitride film, is significantly involved in the air void formation.
The present invention has been made based on the above findings attained by the inventors. Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a semiconductor device according to embodiments of the present invention and a production method of the same will be described; however, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. A semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention may be any of various substrates, various display devices, and various electronic devices that include oxide semiconductor TFTs. The following description will take TFT substrates for liquid crystal display devices (active matrix substrates) as examples. There is no particular limitation as to the display mode of the liquid crystal display device; herein, TFT substrates for use in liquid crystal display devices which perform displaying in an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode will be illustrated. In the following description, constituent elements having substantially identical functions may be denoted by common reference numerals, with their description being omitted.
As shown in
The gate electrode 12g is electrically connected to a scanning line (gate bus line) G (in the present embodiment, it branches out from the scanning line G), and receives a scanning signal supplied from the scanning line G. The gate insulating film 14 is formed so as to cover the gate electrode 12g. The oxide semiconductor layer 16 is island-shaped, being formed so as to overlap the gate electrode 12g via the gate insulating film 14.
The source electrode 18s is electrically connected to a signal line (source bus line) S (in the present embodiment, it branches out from the signal line S), and receives a displaying signal supplied from the signal line S. The source electrode 18s is provided in contact with a portion (called a source region) of the oxide semiconductor layer 16. On the other hand, the drain electrode 18d is provided in contact with another portion (called a drain region) of the oxide semiconductor layer 16. A region of the oxide semiconductor layer 16 that is located between the source region and the drain region is called a channel region. A protection layer 22 is formed so as to cover the TFT 10A having the above-described construction.
The TFT 100A in the present embodiment further includes an organic insulating layer 24, a lower layer electrode 32, a dielectric layer 34, and an upper layer electrode 36.
The organic insulating layer 24 is provided on the protection layer 22 so as to cover the TFT 10A. The organic insulating layer 24 is typically made of a photo-sensitive resin material. The organic insulating layer 24 has a thickness of e.g. 1 μm to 3 μm.
The lower layer electrode 32 is provided on the organic insulating layer 24. Herein, the lower layer electrode 32 is formed so as to continuously extend over all pixels of the liquid crystal display device. However, the lower layer electrode 32 is not formed near a contact hole CH, which is for electrically connecting the drain electrode 18d of the TFT 10A and the upper layer electrode 36, as will be described later. With a common signal (COM signal) being supplied thereto, the lower layer electrode 32 functions as a common electrode.
The dielectric layer 34 is provided on the lower layer electrode 32. The dielectric layer 34 is a silicon nitride film, as will be described later. The dielectric layer 34 has a thickness of e.g. 50 nm to 200 nm.
The upper layer electrode 36 is provided on the dielectric layer 34. The upper layer electrode 36 has a portion which opposes the lower layer electrode 32 via the dielectric layer 34. An independent (separate) upper layer electrode 36 is formed for each pixel of the liquid crystal display device; although not shown, the upper layer electrode 36 has at least one slit. The upper layer electrode 36 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 18d of the TFT 10A within the contact hole CH, and functions as a pixel electrode.
Herein, each of the upper layer electrode 36 and the lower layer electrode 32 is a transparent electrode that is made of a transparent electrically conductive material. In other words, within the pixel, a transparent storage capacitor is created by the upper layer electrode 36 and the lower layer electrode 32 as well as the dielectric layer 34 interposed therebetween. The ratio of an area which the transparent storage capacitor occupies within the pixel is typically 50% to 80%.
Note that, although not shown, an alignment film is formed on the upper layer electrode 36. In the liquid crystal display device, a counter substrate is disposed opposite from the TFT substrate 100A, and a liquid crystal layer is provided between the TFT substrate 100A and the counter substrate.
In the TFT substrate 100A of the present embodiment, the dielectric layer 34 is a silicon nitride film with a relatively low hydrogen content, i.e., it is relatively dense in texture. Specifically, the dielectric layer 34 is a silicon nitride film with a hydrogen content of 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less, thereby suppressing air void formation in the liquid crystal layer, as will be specifically described later with reference to study results. Thus, the reliability under high temperature and high humidity can be improved.
However, it has been found through a study by the inventors that, if a silicon nitride film which is dense in texture is formed as a dielectric layer in a TFT substrate including oxide semiconductor TFTs, desired TFT characteristics may not be obtained in some cases. Specifically, as shown in
Upon further studies the inventors have found that, by forming the silicon nitride film so as not to have an excessively high relative dielectric constant, deteriorations in the characteristics of the oxide semiconductor TFT can be suppressed. Specifically, from the standpoint of suppressing deteriorations in the characteristics of the TFT 10A as an oxide semiconductor TFT, it is preferable that the silicon nitride film (dielectric layer 34) has a relative dielectric constant of 6.56 or less. By ensuring that the silicon nitride film has a hydrogen content of 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less and a relative dielectric constant of 6.56 or less, air void formation in the liquid crystal layer can be suppressed while also suppressing deteriorations in the characteristics of the TFT 10A.
Next, with reference to
First, as shown in
Next, a TFT 10A including an oxide semiconductor layer 16 is formed on the substrate 11.
Specifically, first, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Thus, the oxide semiconductor layer 16 contains an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor, for example. Herein, the In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor is a ternary oxide of In (indium), Ga (gallium), and Zn (zinc), with no particular limitation as to the ratio (composition ratio) of In, Ga and Zn, including In:Ga:Zn=2:2:1, In:Ga:Zn=1:1:1, In:Ga:Zn=1:1:2, and the like, for example. In the present embodiment, the oxide semiconductor layer 16 may be an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor layer containing In, Ga and Zn at a ratio of In:Ga:Zn=1:1:1, for example.
A TFT including an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor layer has a high mobility (20 times that of an a-SiTFT or higher) and a low leakage current (less than 1/100 of that of a-SiTFT), and is suitably used as a driving TFT or a pixel TFT. By using a TFT including an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor layer, it is possible to greatly reduce the power consumption of a display device.
The In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor may be amorphous, or contain a crystalline portion(s). As the crystalline In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor, a crystalline In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor whose c axis is aligned essentially perpendicular to the layer plane is preferable. The crystal structure of such an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2012-134475, for example. The entire disclosure of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2012-134475 is incorporated herein by reference.
The oxide semiconductor layer 16 may contain any other oxide semiconductor instead of an In—Ga—Zn—O type semiconductor. For example, it may contain a Zn—O type semiconductor (ZnO), In—Zn—O type semiconductor (IZO (registered trademark)), a Zn—Ti—O type semiconductor (ZTO), a Cd—Ge—O type semiconductor, a Cd—Pb—O type semiconductor, CdO (cadmium oxide), an Mg—Zn—O type semiconductor, an In—Sn—Zn—O type semiconductor (e.g. In2O3—SnO2—ZnO), an In—Ga—Sn—O type semiconductor, an In—Ga—O type semiconductor, or the like.
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Then, as shown in
In this manner, the TFT substrate 100A shown in
Now, the film formation conditions for the silicon nitride film at the step of forming the dielectric layer 34 will be described. In the present embodiment, the step of forming the silicon nitride film is to be performed under film formation conditions such that the silicon nitride film has a hydrogen content of 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less. In the case of forming the silicon nitride film by a plasma CVD technique, a gaseous mixture of SiH4 and NH3, a gaseous mixture of SiH4 and N2, or a gaseous mixture of SiH4, NH3 and N2 can be used as the source gas, for example. In other words, it is possible to use a gaseous mixture which contains SiH4 and also contains NH3 and/or N2.
Example parameters of film formation conditions include intra-chamber pressure, substrate temperature, inter-electrode distance, a ratio of the flow rate of SiH4 to the total flow rate of the gaseous mixture, and power density. Among these parameters, power density may be increased, for example, to make the silicon nitride film denser in texture (i.e., so as to have a higher relative dielectric constant), thereby reducing the hydrogen content.
In order to ensure that the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film is 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less, the step of forming the silicon nitride film is preferably performed under film formation conditions such that the silicon nitride film has a relative dielectric constant of 6.25 or more. Specifically, given an intra-chamber pressure of not less than 1200 mTorr and not more than 1500 mTorr, a substrate temperature of not less than 180° C. and not more than 220° C., an inter-electrode distance of not less than 18 mm and not more than 25 mm, and a ratio of the flow rate of SiH4 to a total flow rate of the gaseous mixture being not less than 3% and not more than 5%, it can be ensured by setting the power density to be 0.36 W/cm2 or more that the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film is 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less.
If the power density is made too high, the characteristics of the TFT 10A being an oxide semiconductor TFT may be deteriorated (e.g., its threshold voltage may have a negative shift), or the organic insulating layer 24 may be discolored. In order to suppress these problems, it is preferable that the power density is 0.49 W/cm2 or less. When the power density is 0.49 W/cm2 or less, the relative dielectric constant of the silicon nitride film can be made 6.56 or less, whereby air void formation in the liquid crystal layer can be suppressed while also suppressing deteriorations in the characteristics of the TFT 10A and unfavorable influences on the organic insulating layer 24.
Now, results of prototyping liquid crystal display devices by using TFT substrates 100A which were actually produced by the above-described production method, and studying their reliability under high temperature and high humidity, will be described.
A TFT substrate was produced by using the above-described production method, and a liquid crystal display device of Example 1 was produced by using this TFT substrate. The silicon nitride film had a thickness of 300 nm. The film formation conditions in the step of forming the silicon nitride film were as follows.
power density: 0.36 W/cm2
intra-chamber pressure: 1400 mTorr
substrate temperature: 200° C.
ratio of gas flow rates: SiH4:NH3:N2=1:4:20
inter-electrode distance: 20 mm
Except that the power density was 0.41 W/cm2, a liquid crystal display device of Example 2 was produced in a similar manner to the liquid crystal display device of Example 1.
Except that the power density was 0.45 W/cm2, a liquid crystal display device of Example 3 was produced in a similar manner to the liquid crystal display device of Example 1.
Except that the power density was 0.49 W/cm2, a liquid crystal display device of Example 4 was produced in a similar manner to the liquid crystal display device of Example 1.
Except that the power density was 0.28 W/cm2, a liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1 was produced in a similar manner to the liquid crystal display device of Example 1.
Except that the power density was 0.32 W/cm2, a liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 2 was produced in a similar manner to the liquid crystal display device of Example 1.
By using a thermo-hygrostat (FX420N manufactured by Kusumoto Chemicals, Ltd.), the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were preserved for 300 hours in an environment of 70° C.·95% RH, after which presence or absence of air voids was checked via visual inspection and with an optical microscope. As a result, air voids had occurred in the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, but air voids had not occurred in Examples 1 to 4.
Next, each liquid crystal display device was disassembled, and by using a capacitance meter (4284A manufactured by Hewlett Packard Company), the capacitance of the dielectric layer (silicon nitride film) of each TFT substrate was measured, and a relative dielectric constant was calculated (measurement frequency: 1 kHz).
As can be seen from
Moreover, by using a thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) technique, an amount of desorbed hydrogen was measured for the dielectric layer (silicon nitride film) of each TFT substrate, and the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film was calculated from the resultant amount of desorbed hydrogen. TDS1200 manufactured by ESCO, Ltd. was used for the measurement of the amount of desorbed hydrogen. Heating of each sample was performed with a degree of vacuum of 1×10−7 Pa, while elevating the temperature from 80° C. to 700° C. at a rate of temperature elevation of 1° C./sec.
As can be seen from
As can be seen from the above study results, by setting the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film, as the dielectric layer 34 composing a storage capacitor, to 5.33×1021 atoms/cm3 or less, air void formation in the liquid crystal layer can be suppressed, and the reliability of the liquid crystal display device under high temperature and high humidity can be improved.
Although the above description illustrates that the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film is reduced by increasing the power density among the parameters of film formation conditions, the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film can also be reduced by decreasing a ratio of the flow rate of SiH4 to the total flow rate of the gaseous mixture. However, from the standpoint of maintaining film thickness uniformity within the substrate plane, it is more preferable to rely on power density adjustment in controlling the hydrogen content in the silicon nitride film.
Next, a variant of the TFT substrate 100A according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in
The etchstop layer 17 can be formed by, after the oxide semiconductor layer 16 is formed and before the source electrode 18s and the drain electrode 18d are formed, using e.g. a CVD technique to deposit a protection film on the oxide semiconductor layer 16 and using a photolithography process to pattern this protection film. The patterning is to be performed so that at least the region of the oxide semiconductor layer 16 to become the channel region is covered by the etchstop layer 17. Herein, an SiO2 film having a thickness of 150 nm is used as the etchstop layer 17. As the etchstop layer 17, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, or a multilayer film of these may be used.
Although the above description illustrates an example where the lower layer electrode 32 and the upper layer electrode 36 function as a common electrode and a pixel electrode, respectively, this is not a limitation; a construction may be adopted where the lower layer electrode 32 and the upper layer electrode 36 respectively function as a pixel electrode and a common electrode. Although the above description illustrates the FFS mode as an example display mode, various other display modes may also be adopted. For example, a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a TFT substrate for a liquid crystal display device of a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode or a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode. In this case, by allowing the upper layer electrode 36 to function as a pixel electrode, and allowing the lower layer electrode 32, which opposes the upper layer electrode 36 via the dielectric layer 34, to function as a storage capacitor electrode, a transparent storage capacitor can be created in the pixel with the upper layer electrode 36, the dielectric layer 34, and the lower layer electrode 32.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reliability of a semiconductor device including oxide semiconductor TFTs under high temperature and high humidity can be improved. A semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used as a TFT substrate for a liquid crystal display device, for example.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-023697 | Feb 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/052827 | 2/2/2015 | WO | 00 |
