Patent Application
20130207692
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-026799, filed on Feb. 10, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Exemplary embodiments described herein generally relate to a semiconductor integrated circuit.
Recently, lower power consumption in a large scale integrated circuit (LSI) has been demanded. Especially, an LSI for a personal digital assistance (PDA), for example, has been set strict specifications. Therefore, lower power consumption has been studied as an important problem to be solved in LSI development.
Lowering power-supply voltage in LSI is significantly effective as a solution. On the other hand, an operation speed of a transistor is decreased when the power-supply voltage is lowered. As a result, a delay period for signal transmittance between circuits is increased. The signal transmittance of a critical pass which has the least allowance to signal delay may be decreased below a low limitation.
In such a situation, a method for setting a replica circuit which duplicates electrical characteristics of the critical pass, has conventionally proposed. In such a manner, the power-supply voltage of LSI is controlled corresponding to a judgment on characteristics of the replica circuit.
However, LSI in which variety kinds of functional blocks are mounted, has different kinds of combinations between functional blocks dependent on an operation mode. As a result, an amount of electrical current is different between one area and another area, for example, in one chip, where one area includes a function block which is just operating and another area includes a function block which is just stopping the operation.
Accordingly, a case is arisen where junction temperature of the transistor is different in the one chip. In an area where the junction temperature is increased, speed of the transistor is lowered.
Furthermore, lowering of the power-supply voltage is also generated due to a wiring resistance of a power-supply line in the area where the junction current is increased.
In other word, non-uniformity of the operation speed of the transistor is caused by a different operation mode.
Therefore, the conventional replica circuit may not necessarily duplicate the electrical characteristics of the critical pass due to a position of the replica circuit.
The situation mentioned above cause a problem that the power-supply voltage of the LSI may be not suitably set.
According to one embodiment, a semiconductor integrated circuit includes a semiconductor integrated circuit a voltage regulator providing a prescribed power-supply voltage, a plurality of delay test circuits, each of the delay test circuits being configured in each of areas where electrical current flows in response to each of operation modes, a test control unit executing a delay test using the delay test circuit under a test mode while decreasing the power-supply voltage in a stepwise fashion, a supply voltage decision unit deciding a power-supply voltage of the operation mode on a basis of the delay test, a memory unit storing the power-supply voltage of each operation mode, a supply voltage configuration unit reading out the power-supply voltage corresponding to the operation mode from the memory unit, and the supply configuration unit arranging the power-supply voltage as an output voltage of the voltage regulator when each of the operation modes starts to execute.
Embodiments will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Throughout the attached drawings, similar or same reference numerals show similar, equivalent or same components. Accordingly, the description is not repeated.
A semiconductor integrated circuit LSI1 is formed in a semiconductor chip, and includes a voltage regulator 1, delay test circuits 2-A, 2-b, 2-C, a test control unit 3, a supply voltage decision unit 4, a memory unit 5, a supply voltage configuration unit 6 and a plurality of areas A, B, C.
The voltage regulator 1 provides a power-supply voltage VDD preliminarily designed. An amount of operation current flowed in each of the areas changes in response to each of operation modes. Accordingly, larger amount of operation current in each of the areas is different dependent on each of the operation modes. The delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C are arranged in each of the areas, respectively. The test control unit 3 controls to execute a delay test using the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C in a test mode while decreasing the power-supply voltage VDD. A supply voltage decision unit 4 decides a power supply voltage of the operation mode on a basis of a result of the delay test. A memory unit 5 stores a value of the power supply voltage of the operation mode. A supply voltage configuration unit 6 reads out the value of the power supply voltage of the operation mode and sets power supply voltage as an output voltage of the voltage regulator 1 when starting to execute the operation mode.
The voltage regulator 1 shifts the power-supply voltage VDD supplied into the chip due to control by the test control unit in the test mode and due to configuration by the supply voltage configuration unit 6 in the operation mode.
Here, the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI1 according to the first embodiment is operated in three operation modes, an operation mode A, operation mode B and operation mode C. Further, when the operation mode is different, the area to be operated in the chip is changed so that the area in which larger operation current flows in the chip is different in every operation mode. When larger operation current flows, a delay period of the circuit arranged in the area is increased due to increasing of temperature and lowering of the power-supply voltage in the circuit.
Therefore, the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI1 according to the first embodiment is divided into the areas A, B, C corresponding to a distribution of the operation current to be flowed at each operation mode.
The delay test circuit 2 is arranged in each area to monitor the delay period of the area in the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI1 according to the first embodiment. In other words, the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C are arranged in the areas A, B, C, respectively.
The test control unit 3 executes a delay test using the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C under the test mode. In such a manner, the test control unit 3 controls voltage regulator 1, and transmits test data for the delay test to the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C while decreasing the power supply voltage VDD in stepwise.
The supply voltage decision unit 4 decides the power supply voltage of the operation mode on the basis of the result of the delay test. When deciding, the supply voltage decision unit 4 sets the lowest power supply voltage as the power supply voltage of each operation mode where all the delay periods of the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C are set within a prescribed specification range.
The value of the power supply voltage of the operation mode decided by the supply voltage decision unit 4 is written in the memory unit 5 and the values of the power supply voltages are stored in the memory unit 5.
A supply voltage configuration unit 6 receives an input of a mode signal M. Further, the voltage configuration unit 6 reads out the power supply voltage indicated by mode signal M from the memory unit 5 and sets the power supply voltage as an output voltage of the voltage regulator 1 when starting to execute each operation mode. In such a manner, the power-supply voltage VDD, which is the output voltage of the voltage regulator 1, is set as the lowest voltage in a range in which each of the operation modes is normally acted.
The test control unit 3 controls the output voltage of the voltage regulator 1 in each of the operation modes and transmits the test data for the delay test to the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C in each voltage while decreasing the power-supply-voltage VDD to V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 in stepwise.
When transmitting the test data, the supply-voltage decision unit 4 checks whether or not all of the delay periods of the delay test circuits 2-A, 2-B, 2-C are set in prescribed range. The supply-voltage decision unit 4 decides “OK” when the delay period is in the range, however, the supply-voltage decision unit 4 decides “NO” when the delay period is out of the range. The decision result is transmitted to the test control unit.
The test control unit stops to decrease the power-supply voltage VDD to return back one step when the decision result is “NG”. Namely, the voltage V4 is “NG” to be returned to the voltage V3 in the mode A. Similarly, the voltage V3 is “NG” to be returned to the voltage V2 in the mode B, and the voltage V5 is “NG” to be returned to the voltage V4 in the mode C.
The supply-voltage decision unit 4 decides the returned voltage as the power-supply voltage in each of the operation modes to write into the memory unit 5. In other words, the voltages V3, V2, V4 are written into the memory unit 5 as the power-supply voltage in the modes A, B, C, respectively.
In such an example, an operation mode class and a power-supply voltage value of each address are written in the memory unit.
In such an example, an equivalent critical pass circuit 21 and delay circuit 22 are connected between two flip-frops FF1, FF2. The equivalent critical pass circuit 21 includes delay characteristics corresponding to a critical pass in the circuit and the delay circuit 22 adds a delay period range, which can be allowable on non-uniformity of the delay characteristics in the semiconductor chip, to the equivalent critical pass circuit 21.
The equivalent critical pass circuit 21 includes the same circuit as the critical pass which has the least allowance to the signal delay in the circuit, for example, and has the delay characteristics corresponding to the critical pass.
Accordingly, an output of the equivalent critical pass circuit 21 to a shift of an input signal may have the same delay characteristics as that of the critical pass. However, it is not limited that the output delay period of the equivalent critical pass circuit 21 is equal to the critical pass due to non-uniformity of the transistor characteristics in the semiconductor chip when a layout of the equivalent critical pass circuit 21 is actually varied.
In such a manner, the delay circuit 22 in this embodiment is connected to the output of the equivalent critical pass circuit 21 in consideration with the case mentioned above.
Data 1 are correctly outputted to an output TOUT of the flip-flop FF2 as shown at (a) when test data are inputted into an input TIN in a case that an output of the delay circuit 22 satisfies a specification of a set-up period of the flip-flop FF2.
On the other hand, the output TOUT of the flip-flop FF2 is different from data 1 as shown at (b) in a case that the output TOUT of the delay circuit 22 infringes the specification of the set-up period of the flip-flop FF2.
In the above case, the supply voltage decision unit 4 decides “OK” or “NG” mentioned above based on whether or not the data are correctly transmitted to the output TOUT of the flip-flop FF2.
The power-supply voltage of the operation mode can be decided based on the result of the delay test according to the first embodiment. In the delay test, the semiconductor chip is divided into the plurality of the areas corresponding to a distribution of the operation current. Furthermore, each delay test circuit 2 is located in each of the area in which a larger amount of operation current corresponding to each of the operation modes. In the test mode, the delay test is executed using the delay test circuit 2 while decreasing the power-supply voltage VDD in stepwise. In such a manner, when the delay characteristics is shifted in the semiconductor chip due to a switch of the operation mode, the power-supply voltage VDD corresponding to the shift of the delay characteristics can be controlled in lower-voltage trend.
The power-supply voltage decided in each operation mode is stored in the memory unit 5. The power-supply voltage is read out from the memory unit 5. Successively, the power-supply voltage VDD outputted from the voltage regulator 1 can be set to the lowest voltage which is necessary to operate correctly each operation mode.
A semiconductor integrated circuit LSI2 according to the second embodiment is different from the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI1 according to the first embodiment under a point mentioned below. Each of delay test circuits 2a-A, 2a-B, 2a-C includes scan flip-flops SFF1, SFF2 at an input side and an output side, respectively. The scan flip-flops SFF1, SFF2 of each of the delay test circuits are serially connected, respectively, to constitute each scan pass.
In the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI 2 according to the second embodiment, a test control circuit 3a inputs test data for delay period test SFTI to the delay test circuits 2a-A, 2a-B, 2a-C through the scan pass mentioned above by scan-shift.
Further, a supply voltage 4a is received an output of the delay test circuits 2a-A, 2a-B, 2a-C through the scan pass mentioned above as scan shift output data SFTO.
In such an example as shown in
Data A0, A1, A2 as the test data for delay period test SFTI are inputted into the delay test circuits 2a-A, 2a-B, 2a-C in a scan-in period. In this case, a frequency of clock CK is set to be lower frequency than a frequency in a normal operation for executing shift operation reliably.
The data A2 is set in the scan flip-flop SFF1 of the delay test circuit 2a-C after finishing the scan-in period.
Next, the scan mode is exchanged to a system operation mode, and the delay test is executed. In the delay test period, two clocks of normal frequency are inputted.
In the steps, the data A2 are transferred from the scan flip-flop SFF1 to flip-flop FF1 by the first clock and are transferred from the flip-flop FF1 to flop FF2 by the second clock.
The output of the flip-flop FF2 is set to be A2 as shown at (a) when a specification of a set-up period of the flip-flop FF2 is satisfied. On the other hand, the output of the flip-flop FF2 is set to be a value XX other than A2 as shown at (b) when the specification of the set-up period of the flip-flop FF2 is not satisfied.
After that, the system operation mode is exchanged into the scan operation mode, and the CK shifts to scan-out period. The output of the flip-flop FF2 is transferred into the scan flip-flop SFF2. The data transferred into the scan flip-flop SFF2, are outputted to the supply voltage decision unit 4a as the scan shift output data SFTO.
A supply voltage decision unit 4a decides whether or not the output of each delay test circuit is correct based on the scan shift output data SFTO.
Providing one scan pass as one wiring enable that the test data for delay period test SFTI can be transmitted to the delay test circuits 2a-A, 2a-B, 2a-C and the output data can be transferred from the delay test circuits 2a-A, 2a-B, 2a-C according to the second embodiment. In such a manner, the semiconductor chip with less wiring number can be realized to improve easily a layout in a semiconductor chip.
A delay test is executed in a state where each semiconductor integrated circuit is mounted in an electronic equipment to be used and a power-supply voltage in each operation mode is decided according to the first and second embodiments. Accordingly, power consumption is generated in the electronic equipment by execution. On the other hand, lower power consumption has been desired in electronic equipment as a personal digital assistance.
Therefore, a semiconductor integrated circuit, which can set a power-supply voltage, without the delay test in the electronic equipment is demonstrated according to a third embodiment, for example.
A semiconductor integrated circuit LSI3 according to the third embodiment is different from the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI2 according to the second embodiment under a point mentioned below. A memory unit 5 includes a fuse ROM 51 in the third embodiment.
The fuse ROM 51 can be programmed by electrical or laser cutting methods.
The delay test mentioned in the second embodiment is executed a product test in processing steps of the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI3 in the third embodiment. Further, a value of a power-supply voltage is written in the fuse ROM 51.
Accordingly, the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI3 in the third embodiment includes the value of the power-supply voltage in the operation mode stored in the fuse ROM 51 in a shipment step. As a result, the power-supply voltage in each operation mode can be set by reading out from the fuse ROM 51 after shipment.
The value of the power-supply voltage in each operation mode can be set without the delay test of the semiconductor integrated circuit according to the third embodiment. As a result, power consumption after mounting on the electronic equipment can be decreased.
A semiconductor integrated circuit LSI4 according to a fourth embodiment is different from the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI3 according to the third embodiment under a point mentioned below. A delay circuit 22 in a delay test circuit 2a is replaced to a variable delay circuit 221 which can shift a delay period in stepwise. A scan shift output data SFTO are configured to output to delay test output terminal as an outer terminal by using the variable delay circuit 221.
The variable delay circuit 221 as shown in
The selection signal S is outputted from a test control unit 3. The output D0 is selected when the power-supply voltage of each operation mode is set by executing the delay test mentioned above.
A margin can be indirectly checked to a set-up period of a critical pass by using the variable delay circuit 221 in the semiconductor integrated circuit LSI4 according to the fourth embodiment.
After obtaining the lowest operation voltage in each operation mode by executing the delay test as shown in.
The power-supply voltage VDD is set to be V3 in the mode A, V2 in the mode B, and V4 in the mode C, respectively. Further, the delay tests are repeatedly executed while the output of the variable delay circuit 221 is shifted from D0 to D4 in order.
In this case, the supply voltage decision unit 4a observes the scan shift output data SFTO outputted to the delay output terminal so as to judge whether the scan shift output data SFTO is correct “OK” or not “NG”. A range, in which the judge is “OK”, is a margin of the equivalent critical pass circuit which is equal to the critical pass.
A delay test as shown in
However, the margin is “NG” in D2 of an operation mode C. As a result, the operation mode C scarcely has a margin. In a case where the margin is lack, the operation may be unstably. In such the case, it can be decided the power-supply voltage can be further increased by one step.
The delay period in the delay test circuit 2a can be shifted in stepwise by using the variable delay circuit 221. Accordingly, the margin of a set-up period on the critical pass can be checked.
The power-supply voltage VDD corresponding to the shift of the delay characteristics in the semiconductor chip due to a shift of the operation mode can be controlled in lower-voltage trend according to at least one semiconductor integrated circuit selected from the first embodiment to fourth embodiment mentioned above.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-026799 | Feb 2012 | JP | national |
