Patent Application
20090023240
The present invention relates to a semiconductor laser device and its manufacturing method, and in detail relates to a high output semiconductor laser device, which is high in current confinement effect, small in leak current and favorable in temperature property, and more particular relates to a high output semiconductor laser device, which is used for a light source of an information processing apparatus such as an optical disc of a rewritable type and the like, and further, for a light source of a projector and a light source for a general usage and an industrial equipment such as a welding machine and the like, and relates to its manufacturing method.
In recent years, as a light source of an information processing apparatus for an optical disc of a rewritable type such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) and the like, a high output semiconductor laser of a 600-nm band constituted by laminated structure of AlGaInP-based compound semiconductors has been put to practical use.
By making the best use of the feature that the 600-nm band has a red visible wavelength, in particular, the 600-nm band high output semiconductor laser of a broad area type is going to be used for a light source of industrial equipments, position control equipments, medical equipments, a projector and the like. Also, a laser welding machine, a laser processing machine and the like, which use the high output semiconductor laser, are going to be used.
In the future, in those use application, the much higher output will be expected to be required. In order to attain the higher output, it is effective to drop a threshold current. Accordingly, the development of the semiconductor laser device which has the current confinement structure to drop the threshold current and increase a light output efficiency and further drops a leak current and indicates a favorable temperature property is desired.
Also, in the semiconductor laser device used in those use application, in order to control the spot shape of laser light, it is important to effectively confine the laser light to a stripe region.
In particular, the high output semiconductor laser of the broad area type, in which a stripe width of an active layer to guide the light is from several ten μm to several hundred μm, is used in a light source for solid laser excitation, or a light source for wavelength conversion that uses SHG crystal and the like, due to its feature. The high output semiconductor laser of the broad area type as mentioned above requires that the lights are collected by a micro lens, depending on the use application. Therefore, in order to obtain a higher light collection efficiency, the high output semiconductor laser indicating NFP (Near Field Pattern) of a top hat shape which is sharp in a lateral direction is required.
Here, with reference to
A conventional first semiconductor laser device 500 includes the laminated structure of a buffer layer 502, an n-type clad layer 503 made of n-AlGaInP, an SCH superlattice active layer 504 made of AlzGa1-zInP having at least one quantum well structure, a first p-type clad layer 505 made of p-AlGaInP, an etching stop layer 506 made of GaInP, a second p-type clad layer 507 made of p-AlGaInP, a protective layer 508 made of GaInP, and a p-GaAs contact layer 509, which are sequentially grown on an n-type GaAs substrate 501, as shown in
The buffer layer 502 is a buffer layer composed of at least one of an n-GaAs layer or an n-GaInP layer.
In the laminated structure, the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507, the GaInP protective layer 508 and the p-GaAs contact layer 509 are formed as a stripe-shaped ridge, and a current blocking layer 510 made of n-GaAs is coated on the GaInP etching stop layer 506 on ridge sides and ridge flanks, except ridge top surface.
A p-side electrode 511 is formed on the p-GaAs contact layer 509 and the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510, and an n-side electrode 512 is formed on a rear of the n-type GaAs substrate 501.
The manufacturing method of the above-mentioned conventional first semiconductor laser device 500 will be described below with reference to
At first, as shown in
In the epitaxial growth, as dopant, Si and Se are used on the n-side, and Zn, Mg, Be and the like are used on the p-side.
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
When the p-GaAs contact layer 509 is etched, etchant that can selectively remove this, for example, phosphoric-acid-based etchant is used to carry out a wet etching. At the time of the etching, since the GaInP protective layer 508 is provided, the progress of the etching is stopped there, and since the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507 is not exposed in air, it is not oxidized.
In succession, in etching the GaInP protective layer 508, the wet etching that uses, for example, hydrochloric-acid-based etchant is performed. At this time, if the etching is performed in a period longer than necessary, even the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507 and the GaInP etching stop layer 506 are etched. Thus, the control of the etching period is required. When the GaInP protective layer 508 is etched, at the same time, the p-AlGaInP second clad layers 507 on both flanks of the p-GaAs contact layer 509 are etched more or less. However, it does not reach the GaInP etching stop layer 506.
Next, the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507 left when the GaInP protective layer 508 is etched is etched, for example, by using sulfuric-acid-based etchant. The etching is stopped when the GaInP etching stop layer 506 is exposed, because the GaInP etching stop layer 506 is provided.
Next, the flow of this method proceeds to a second epitaxial growing step. At the second epitaxial growing step, as shown in
Next, the stripe-shaped SiO2 film 513 is etched and removed.
Finally, as shown in
Next, this semiconductor wafer for the laser is cleaved in the ridge stripe direction and the vertical direction. Consequently, it is possible to manufacture the semiconductor laser device 500 having a pair of resonator reflection surfaces.
Due to the employment of the above-mentioned ridge structure, the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 can effectively carry out the current blocking function for the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507, and the current injected from the p-side electrode 511 is narrowed by the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 and flows into the active layer 504. If the current equal to or greater than a threshold current flows, an electron and a hole are efficiently re-combined, and the laser light is oscillated.
By the way, the employment of the above-mentioned current confinement structure using the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 optically increases the light loss of the semiconductor laser device, which consequently results in a problem of the increase in the oscillation threshold current.
That is, a refractive index of the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 is greater than refractive indexes of the p-AlGaInP first and second clad layers 505, 507. Thus, although the light is not absorbed by the ridge-shaped p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507, it is absorbed by the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 of the ridge flanks of the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507.
As this result, the light generated by the active layer 504 indicates the motion that it is oozed into the p-AlGaInP second clad layer 507 and pushed back as it approaches the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510. Thus, an effective refractive index becomes low in the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 in a laterally extending region. That is, since a refractive index difference is induced in the lateral direction of the active layer 504, a refractive index light waveguide is performed.
For this reason, in the structure employing the n-GaAs current blocking layer, the light absorption occurring in the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 brings about the light loss on the laser oscillation, which results in a problem that the threshold current is increased.
So, in order to attain a low threshold current of the semiconductor laser device, a method of using the effective refractive index light waveguide, namely, a semiconductor laser device of an effective refractive index light waveguide type (hereafter, referred to as the conventional second semiconductor laser device) in which instead of the n-GaAs current blocking layer 510 in
Here, the configuration of the conventional second semiconductor laser device is explained with reference to
A conventional second semiconductor laser device 400 includes the laminated structure of an n-GaAs buffer layer 406, an n-AlGaInP clad layer 402, an MQW active layer 401, a p-AlGaInP clad layer 403 and a p-GaInP cap layer 404, which are sequentially grown on an n-GaAs substrate 401, as shown in
In the laminated structure, the upper layers of the p-AlGaInP clad layer 403 and the p-GaInP cap layer 404 are processed into the stripe-shaped ridge. The low layer of the p-AlGaInP clad layer 403 of the ridge sides and the ridge flanks is coated with the laminated structure of an AlInP current blocking layer 407 and an n-GaAs current blocking layer 408, and further embedded with a p-GaAs contact layer 409.
A p-side electrode 412 is formed on the p-GaAs contact layer 409, and an n-side electrode 411 is formed on a rear of the n-GaAs substrate 410, respectively.
In the conventional second semiconductor laser device 400, the AlInP current blocking layer 407 formed on the p-AlGaInP clad layer 403 of the ridge sides and of the ridge flanks functions as a current blocking layer, and simultaneously functions as a lateral light confining layer by a refractive index difference from the p-AlGaInP clad layer 403.
In the semiconductor laser device 400, the AlInP is lower in the refractive index than the AlGaInP clad layer, and there is no light absorption. Thus, it is confirmed that an inner loss is small, an oscillation threshold current can be reduced, and a light output efficiency is increased.
Also, another example of employing the n-AlInP as the current blocking layer is proposed by Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-185818. According to this, at a first epitaxial growth step, the p-AlGaInP clad layer 403 is not made to grow, but the n-AlInP current blocking layer 407 is made to firstly grow.
Next, the n-AlInP current blocking layer 407 is etched to form so as to have the shape of the stripe-shaped ridge, and the p-AlGaInP clad layer 403 is made to grow at a second epitaxial growing step. This method is done in this way.
Also, in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei-5-299767, a semiconductor laser device that employs n-AlInP as the current blocking layer is proposed. (hereafter, referred to as a conventional third semiconductor laser device) as shown in
This semiconductor laser device 200 includes the laminated structure of an n-GaAs buffer layer 202, an n-AlGaInP clad layer 203, a GaInP active layer 204, a p-AlGaInP first optical guide layer 205, a p-GaInP second optical guide layer 206, an n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 and a GaInP protective layer 208, which are sequentially grown on an n-GaAs substrate 201, as shown in
In the laminated structure, an inverted trapezoidal groove 207a is formed in the GaInP protective layer 208 and the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 by means of etching process, and embedded with a p-AlGaInP clad layer 209. Then, a p-GaAs contact layer 210 is laminated on a p-AlGaInP clad layer 209.
In the conventional third semiconductor laser device 200, since a refractive index of the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 is smaller than a refractive index of the p-AlGaInP clad layer 209 inside the stripe, the laser light is effectively confined inside the stripe due to this refractive index difference.
Moreover, since a bandgap of the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 is considerably larger than a band gap of the active layer 204, there is no light absorption of the laser light caused by the current blocking layer. Thus, the loss of a light waveguide can be largely reduced, thereby dropping the threshold current.
Also, according to the above-mentioned gazette, it is described that in the semiconductor laser device 200, since an Al composition of the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 is set to be higher than an Al composition of the p-AlGaInP clad layer 209 (AlInP in the maximum condition), an actual refractive index wave guide structure can be attained, thereby reducing the loss of the waveguide largely.
However, the conventional high output semiconductor laser devices including the above-mentioned conventional second and third semiconductor laser devices have the following problems.
A first problem of the conventional second semiconductor laser device 400 is that when the metal-organic vapor phased growing method, such as the MOVPE method, the MOCVD method and the like, is used to re-grow the AlInP current blocking layer on the ridge sides and the ridge flanks since a grid constant of the AlInP is greatly different between a flat portion of the ridge flanks and a slant portion of the ridge sides, a crystal distortion is induced in the AlInP current blocking layer. For this reason, adverse affect is induced in laser property and reliability.
The occurrence of the crystal distortion at the time of the re-growth is because at the time of the metal-organic vapor phased growth of the AlInP current blocking layer, the fact that the grid constant of the AlInP is greatly different between the flat portion of the ridge flanks and the slant portion of the ridge sides causes the crystal planes of two kinds or more, which are different from each other, to be formed on the growth surface, thereby bringing about the segregation of raw material kind. On the crystal planes of two kinds or more which are different from each other, diffusion coefficients of Al and In are respectively different from each other between the crystal planes, and the easiness degree when the Al and the In are taken into the crystal is different between the crystal planes, which results in the segregation of the raw material kind.
For this reason, the conventional second semiconductor laser device 400, in which as the current blocking layer, the n-AlInP layer is provided on the ridge sides and the ridge flanks, is considered to be unsuitable for the use application requiring the strict operation property, such as a high temperature operation property to a short wavelength laser device, or a high temperature high output property to a high output laser device or the like.
A second problem of the conventional second semiconductor laser device is that since a thermal conductivity of the AlInP provided as the current blocking layer is inferior to the GaAs, the heat generated from the current which can not be converted into the light in the active layer can not be efficiently released, and therefore the temperature property of the semiconductor laser device is consequently poor.
As an advantage, since the conventional second semiconductor laser device employs, as the current blocking layer, the n-AlInP whose refractive index is smaller than the p-AlGaInP first and second clad layers, the light absorption in the p-AlGaInP first clad layer is reduced, and the wave guide path loss is reduced, which enables the attainment of the low threshold current and the high optical power efficiency. This is caused by the fact that the Al composition of the n-AlInP current blocking layer is higher than the p-AlGaInP clad layer.
The AlGaInP-based material exhibits the lower refractive index as the Al composition becomes higher. Thus, if the AlGaInP-based material having the Al composition higher than the p-AlGaInP clad layer is used instead of the AlInP as the current blocking layer, the same effect can be expected.
Since the conventional third semiconductor laser device 200 has the laser structure in which the stripe-shaped groove is formed in the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 and the groove is embedded with the clad layer, it has the problem of difficulty to obtain the expected laser property because of the problem on the process when the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207 is etched to form the groove.
That is, in manufacturing the conventional third semiconductor laser device 200, after the stripe-shaped groove is opened in the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207, the re-growth of the clad layer 209 is performed. However, the current blocking layer 207 is the crystal layer having the high Al composition. Thus, if it is exposed to air by etching, the crystal surface is immediately oxidized. As this result, it is difficult to re-grow the clad layer 209 crystal that is favorable in crystal property. Incidentally, in the semiconductor laser device 200, the film thickness of the current blocking layer exposed to the air becomes 0.4 μm or more on one side.
As this result, when the semiconductor laser device 200 is operated, a large number of interface states are induced on the boundary plane between the clad layer 209 and the current blocking layer 207 whose surface is oxidized. Because of that interface state, there may be a fear that a leak current is generated.
Also, in the manufacturing process for the semiconductor laser device 200, when the stripe-shaped groove is opened in the n-AlInP current blocking layer 207, etchant such as concentrated sulfuric acid and the like is used in order to selectively etch the current blocking layer having the high Al composition.
However, if a selection ratio is set to be excessively high, it takes a long time to etch the GaInP protective layer 208. On the contrary, if the selection ratio is set to be low, there is a problem that the GaInP second light guiding layer 206 is etched. For this reason, the setting of the etching condition to reserve the selectivity is difficult, which consequently makes the control of the etching amount difficult, which causes the variation to be induced on the process.
Apart from the conventional first to third semiconductor laser devices, in Japanese Patent Application publication No. Hei-5-21896, it proposes the fact that it is effective to employ as the clad layer the AlInP possibly having the greatest barrier difference in order to reduce the threshold current, and the execution of impurity doping by using a gas source MBE method, as the solving means of the fact that it is difficult to perform a high concentration doping on the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer having the great Al composition ratio such as the AlInP and the like.
However, the above-mentioned gazette illustrates only the doping means, and indicates only the method of using SiO2 insulation film with regard to the current confinement action, and does not discuss the refractive index waveguide. However, in this structure, it is difficult to sufficiently carry out the light confining control of a lateral mode, and it is impossible to attain the refractive index waveguide.
As can be understood from the explanation of the above-mentioned subjects, if the refractive index waveguide is made to be attained by employing the AlGaInP layer having the high Al composition as the clad layer, it is desired to employ the n-AlGaInP layer having the higher Al composition ratio, for the current blocking layer.
However, if the n-AlGaInP layer having the high Al composition ratio is employed for the current blocking layer, as the Al composition of the p-AlGaInP clad layer is higher, it is more difficult to increase the refractive index difference between the p-AlGaInP clad layer and the AlGaInP current blocking layer. Thus since the effective refractive index becomes low, the light confinement becomes weak.
On the other hand, if the AlInP is employed for the p-clad layer, it is actually difficult to select the material having the Al composition higher than the AlInP as the current blocking layer, which consequently brings about a problem that there is almost no refractive index difference.
Also, even if the doping optimization to the AlGaInP having the high Al composition can be attained, the etching of the AlGaInP having the high Al composition is difficult as mentioned above, and there may be no process that can carry out the etching control for the stripe-shaped ridge formation.
In short, in the etching of the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer having the high Al composition ratio such as the AlGaInP and the AlInP, an etching rate is extremely fast. Thus, when the film thickness of the clad layer is thin, the etching control is difficult as mentioned above. That is, it is difficult to control the etching depth for the sake of the etching to the shape which enables the control of the refractive index difference. Hence, the ridge formation of the favorable shape and the formation of the ridge stripe for the second epitaxial selection growth of the p-clad layer are difficult.
For example, in the gain waveguide structure of the embedded ridge type of employing the n-GaAs current blocking layer, the guiding mechanism is determined in accordance with the longitudinal distance between the current blocking layer and the active layer to generate the light. Thus, in order to obtain the efficient current confinement action and the high refractive index difference, it is necessary to sufficiently reduce the distance.
This is not limited to the gain waveguide structure of the embedded ridge type of using the n-GaAs current blocking layer. Obtaining the efficient current confinement action and the high refractive index difference requires the etching control of the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer having the high Al composition ratio employed in the clad layer and the current blocking layer. However, the etching control is actually difficult.
Repeatedly explaining, in the 600 nm band red semiconductor laser having the DH (Double Hetero) structure of the embedded ridge type, the formation of the ridge structure that enables the sufficient light confinement and the efficient current confinement action is one of the most important items. To do so, the exact etching control must be carried out when the ridge is etched and processed.
Also, in the high output semiconductor laser device of the broad area type, since the stripe width becomes from several ten μm to several hundred μm, its NFP is desired to exhibit the lateral multi-mode profile of sharp top hat shape. For that purpose, the distance from the active layer to the current blocking layer needs to be the sufficiently small value.
However, in the conventional semiconductor laser device, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the distance from the active layer to the current blocking layer. Thus, it is difficult to obtain the favorable guiding mechanism.
Also, the lateral light confinement becomes weak. Consequently, even the efficiency of the current confinement action becomes worse, the NFP profile becomes a bell-shaped Gaussian type, and a light collection efficiency is worse, which results in the inconvenient laser.
The present invention is made in view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional techniques. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a high light output semiconductor laser apparatus, which solves the above-mentioned problems, and is high in the current confinement effect, small in the leak current, and favorable in the temperature property, and indicates the low threshold current, and can effectively confine the laser light to the stripe region, and is favorable in the beam profile and is high in the efficiency.
In order to attain the above-mentioned objects, the semiconductor laser device according to the present invention (hereafter, referred to as a first invention) is characterized by including: a laminated structure sequentially having at least a first conductive type AlInP clad layer, an AlGaInP-based superlattice active layer section and a second conductive type AlInP clad layer, on a first conductive type semiconductor substrate; and a current confinement structure configured by forming an upper portion made of a second conductive type compound semiconductor layer in the laminated structure into a stripe-shaped ridge,
wherein an electrode on a second conductive side made of metal film extends on a ridge top surface, ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of ridge flanks, and directly covers the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks, and
a carrier concentration of the second conductive type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface is higher than a carrier concentration of the second conductive type AlInP clad layer.
In the embodiment preferable for the first invention, an AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer functioning as an etching stop layer extends on the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks, and
the second conductive side electrode made of the metal film extends on the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks through the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer, and covers the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks through the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer.
When the first conductive type is an n-type, the semiconductor laser device according to the first invention includes: the laminated structure having at least the AlGaInP-based superlattice active layer section, the n-AlInP clad layer which puts the superlattice active layer section between, and the p-AlInP clad layer, on the n-type semiconductor substrate; and the current confinement structure configured by forming the upper portion made of the p-type compound semiconductor layer in the laminated structure into the stripe-shaped ridge,
the p-side electrode made of the metal film extends on the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the p-AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks, and directly covers the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the p-AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks, and the carrier concentration of the p-type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface is higher than a carrier concentration of the p-AlInP clad layer.
Also, when the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer extends on the p-AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks as the etching stop layer, the p-side electrode made of the metal film extends on the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the p-AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks through the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer, and directly covers the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor layer of the ridge flanks, and
the carrier concentration of the p-type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface is higher than the carrier concentration of the p-AlInP clad layer.
In the first invention, by employing the AlInP possibly having the great band gap difference from the AlGaInP-based superlattice active layer section as the clad layer and consequently increasing the barrier difference, the semiconductor laser device is attained in which the overflow of injected carriers is reduced, a leak current is small, a threshold current is low, and a temperature property is favorable.
Also, in the first invention, by making the carrier concentration of the second conductive type or p-type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface higher than the carrier concentration of the second conductive type or p-type AlInP clad layer, ohmic junction is formed on the ridge top surface, and Schottky junction is formed on the ridge flanks.
Since this is configured such that the p-side electrode directly covers the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the compound semiconductor layer of the ridge flanks and such that the Schottky junction is formed on the ridge flanks, the current confinement action is carried out in such a way that only the ridge region serves as the current route, and the light oozed from the active layer section is reflected by the boundary plane of the p-side electrode, thereby confining the laser light to the stripe region, and reducing the light loss.
That is, the efficient current confinement action and the effective confinement of the laser light to the stripe region can be attained, thereby achieving the semiconductor laser of the high light output efficiency. In particular, by applying the first invention to the high output semiconductor laser device of the broad area type, where the stripe width of the superlattice active layer section to which the light is guided, namely, the stripe width of the ridge is 10 μm or more, for example, the high output semiconductor laser device of 10 mW or more, it is possible to achieve the semiconductor laser device having the favorable light collection efficiency in which the lateral multi-mode profile of NFP exhibits a sharp top hat manner.
In the preferable embodiment of the first invention, the superlattice active layer section is constituted as an SCH (Separated Confinement Heterostructure) structure composed of at least one quantum well layer, which is sandwiched between a barrier layer and an optical guide layer, and there is a relation in which the quantum well layer is (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P (0≦1x<1), and the barrier layer is (AlyGa1-y)0.5In0.5P (0<y≦1), and the Al composition is (x<y).
The superlattice active layer section may be a single quantum well structure or a multiple quantum well structure having a plurality of quantum well structures. In the single quantum well structure, the superlattice active layer section is configured as the quantum well structure composed of the quantum well layer of a single layer and the optical guide layer which puts the quantum well layer between. Also, in the multiple quantum well structure, the superlattice active layer section is configured as the quantum well structure composed of the quantum well layer of plural layers, which are sandwiched between the barrier layer and the optical guide layer.
In the concrete embodiment of the first embodiment, the laminated structure is a laminated structure configured by laminating: a buffer layer composed of at least one layer of an n-GaAs layer or an n-GaInP layer; an n-type clad layer made of n-AlInP; an AlGaInP-based superlattice active layer section; a first p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP; an etching stop layer made of GaInP; a second p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP; a protective layer made of GaInP; and a contact layer made of p-GaAs, sequentially on an n-GaAs substrate, and
in the laminated structure, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer and the p-GaAs contact layer are processed into the stripe-shaped ridge.
Also, such as next second and third inventions, insulating films of SiO2, AlN and the like may be formed on the compound semiconductor layers of the ridge sides and the ridge flanks, and the p-side electrode may be then formed on the ridge top surface exposed from the insulating film and on the insulating films of the ridge sides and the ridge flanks. Consequently, it is possible to increase the effect of suppressing the leak current, and improve the mount control property when mounting the semiconductor laser device, and the heat radiation property and the like.
In short, another semiconductor laser device according to the present invention (hereafter, referred to as the second invention) is characterized by including: a laminated structure sequentially having at least a first conductive type AlInP clad layer, an AlGaInP-based superlattice active layer section and a second conductive type AlInP clad layer, on a first conductive type semiconductor substrate; and a current confinement structure configured by forming an upper portion made of a second conductive type compound semiconductor layer in the laminated structure into a stripe-shaped ridge,
wherein an insulating film extends on ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of ridge flanks so as to expose a ridge top surface in stripe-shaped manner,
a second conductive side electrode made of metal film extends on the ridge top surface exposed from the insulating film, and further on the ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks through the insulating film, and
a carrier concentration of the second conductive type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface is higher than a carrier concentration of the second conductive type AlInP clad layer.
Moreover, still another semiconductor laser device according to the present invention (hereafter, referred to as the third invention) is characterized by including: a laminated structure sequentially having at least a first conductive type AlInP clad layer, an AlGaInP-based superlattice active layer section and a second conductive type AlInP clad layer, on a first conductive type semiconductor substrate; and a current confinement structure configured by forming an upper portion made of a second conductive type compound semiconductor layer in the laminated structure into a stripe-shaped ridge,
wherein an insulating film extends on the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of ridge flanks so as to expose a ridge top surface, ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of ridge bottom end vicinity in stripe-shaped manner,
a second conductive side electrode made of metal film extends on the ridge top surface, ridge sides and the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge bottom end vicinity, which are exposed from the insulating film, and extends further on the second conductive type AlInP clad layer of the ridge flanks through the insulating film, and
a carrier concentration of the second conductive type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface is higher than a carrier concentration of the second conductive type AlInP clad layer.
In the second and third inventions, a film thickness of the insulating film is from 0.05 μm to 2.00 μm. As the insulating film, for example, SiO2, SiN, AlN and the like are used.
The semiconductor laser devices according to the second and third inventions have the preferable embodiments similar to the semiconductor laser device according to the first invention.
In the semiconductor laser devices according to the first to third inventions, preferably, the stripe width of the ridge is 10 μm or more. Also, preferably, the carrier concentration of the second conductive type compound semiconductor layer of the ridge top surface is at least 10 times higher than the carrier concentration of the second conductive type AlInP clad layer.
The semiconductor laser device according to the first to third inventions may be not a device unity and may be a semiconductor laser array or semiconductor laser stack having the structure arranged as array-shaped or stack-shaped manner.
A manufacturing method of the semiconductor laser device according to the present invention (hereafter, referred to as a first invention method) is a method of manufacturing the semiconductor laser device according to the first invention, and is characterized by having:
a step of sequentially epitaxial growth the buffer layer composed of at least one of the n-GaAs layer or the n-GaInP layer, the n-type clad layer made of n-AlInP, the superlattice active layer section, the first p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP, the etching stop layer made of GaInP, the second p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP, the protective layer made of GaInP, and the contact layer made of p-GaAs, on the n-GaAs substrate;
a step of etching processing the p-GaAs contact layer into the stripe-shaped manner;
a step of processing into the stripe-shaped ridge by etching the GaInP protective layer and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer using the stripe-shaped p-GaAs contact layer as an etching mask, and exposing the GaInP etching stop layer on the ridge flanks; and
a step of forming the metal film constituting the p-side electrode on the p-GaAs contact layer of the ridge top surface, the ridge sides of the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge flanks.
The first invention method has the merit that it does not require the second epitaxial growing step, because the p-side electrode is directly formed on the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge flanks without re-growing the compound semiconductor layer on the ridge flanks after the formation of the ridge.
In the preferable embodiment of the first invention method, the step of etching and processing the protective layer made of GaInP and the second p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP uses a wet etching method, which uses acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid, to then etch.
In the laser structure of employing the AlInP clad layer, it was difficult to form the stripe-shaped ridge having the favorable shape, because the reactivity of Al was conventionally high. However, the execution of the wet etching, which uses the etchant of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid, enables the formation of the ridge having the favorable reproducibility and desired shape.
Also, in the first invention method, the hydrogen peroxide added to the etchant when the stripe-shaped ridge is formed is desired to be adjusted to the optimal amount to the degree that the effect is not reduced. If the hydrogen peroxide becomes thin, the effect as oxidant becomes thin. Also, the time to remove As remaining on the GaInP protective layer can not be controlled, which brings about the variation in an etching period, which consequently disables the process that is favorable in the reproducibility.
A manufacturing method of another semiconductor laser device according to the present invention (hereafter, referred to as a second invention method) is a method of manufacturing the semiconductor laser device according to the second invention, and is characterized by having:
a step of sequentially epitaxial growth the buffer layer composed of at least one of the n-GaAs layer or the n-GaInP layer, the n-type clad layer made of n-AlInP, the superlattice active layer section, the first p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP, the etching stop layer made of GaInP, the second p-type clad layer made of p-AlInP, the protective layer made of GaInP, and the contact layer made of p-GaAs, on the n-GaAs substrate;
a step of etching processing the p-GaAs contact layer into the stripe-shaped manner;
a step of processing into the stripe-shaped ridge by etching the GaInP protective layer and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer using the stripe-shaped p-GaAs contact layer as the etching mask, and exposing the GaInP etching stop layer on the ridge flanks; and
a step of forming the insulating film on the entire surface of the substrate;
a step of etching the insulating film and exposing the ridge top surface in the stripe-shaped manner; and
a step of forming the metal film constituting the p-side electrode on the p-GaAs contact layer of the ridge top surface and further on the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge flanks through the insulating film.
Also, when the semiconductor laser device according to the third invention is manufactured, in the second invention method, the step of etching the insulating film and exposing ridge top surface further exposes the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge bottom end vicinity and the ridge sides, and the step of forming the p-side electrode forms the metal film constituting the p-side electrode, on the p-GaAs contact layer of the exposed ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge bottom end vicinity, and further forms on the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge flanks through the insulating film. As mentioned above, according to the first invention, this has the configuration that the superlattice active layer section is sandwiched between the n-AlInP clad layer and the p-AlInP first clad layer and that the p-side electrode directly covers the ridge top surface, the slant ridge sides and the compound semiconductor layer of the ridge flanks. Consequently, the semiconductor laser device according to the present invention can achieve the semiconductor laser device of the high light output efficiency, which has the structure of high current confinement effect, and is small in the leak current, and favorable in the temperature property, and low in the leak current and can effectively confine the laser light to the stripe region, and is favorable in the beam profile.
Also, according to the first invention method, this attains the manufacturing method preferable for manufacturing the semiconductor laser device according to the first invention. In short, the first invention method has the merit that it does not require the second epitaxial growing step, because the p-side electrode is directly formed on the GaInP etching stop layer of the ridge flanks, the ridge sides and the ridge top surface, without re-growing the compound semiconductor layer on the ridge flanks after the formation of the ridge.
According to the second and third inventions, it is possible to consequently increase the effect of suppressing the leak current, in addition to the effect of the first invention, and improve the mount control property when mounting the semiconductor laser device, and the heat radiation property and the like.
Also, according to the second invention method, this has the effect similar to the first invention method, and achieves the manufacturing method preferable for manufacturing the semiconductor laser devices according to the second and third inventions.
The present invention will be described below in detail on the basis of embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. By the way, a film forming method, a composition and film thickness of a compound semiconductor layer, a ridge width, a process condition and the like, which are described in the following embodiments, are exemplified in order to easily understand the present invention.
This embodiment is one example of the embodiment of the semiconductor laser device according to the first present invention, and
A semiconductor laser device 100 in this embodiment includes the laminated structure of a buffer layer 102, a clad layer 103 made of n-Al0.5In0.5P, a superlattice active layer section 104, a first clad layer 105 made of p-Al0.5In0.5P, an etching stop layer 106 made of GaInP, a second clad layer 107 made of p-Al0.5In0.5P, a protective layer 108 made of GaInP and a contact layer 109 made of p-GaAs, which are sequentially grown on an n-GaAs substrate 101, as shown in
The buffer layer 102 is a buffer layer composed of at least one of an n-GaAs layer or an n-GaInP layer.
In the laminated structure, the p-AlInP second clad layer 107, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109 are processed into a stripe-shaped ridge whose ridge width is 60 μm.
A p-side electrode 111 is directly coated and formed on the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of ridge top surface, slant ridge sides and ridge flanks, and an n-side electrode 112 is formed on the rear of the n-GaAs substrate 101.
The superlattice active layer section 104 is constituted as the SCH (Separated Confinement Heterostructure) structure composed of at least one layer of a quantum well layer, which is sandwiched between a barrier layer and an optical guide layer. The quantum well layer is made of (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P (0<x≦1, x=0 in this embodiment), and the barrier layer and the optical guide layer are made of (AlyGa1-y)0.5In0.5P (0<y≦1, y=0.6 in this embodiment), and the Al composition has the relation of (x<y).
In this embodiment, the superlattice active layer section 104 is formed as SQW (Single Quantum Well) structure.
In the semiconductor laser device 100 in this embodiment, with regard to film thicknesses of the respective compound semiconductor layers, a film thickness of the buffer layer 102 is 0.03 μm and a film thickness of the n-AlInP n-type clad layer 103 is 2.00 μm, and with regard to film thicknesses of the SCH superlattice active layer section 104, the optical guide layer is 0.12 μm and the quantum well layer is 12 nm, and a layer thickness of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 is 0.40 μm, a layer thickness of the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is 15 nm, a layer thickness of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is 1.6 μm, a layer thickness of the GaInP protective layer 108 is 30 nm, and a layer thickness of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 is 0.26 μm.
Also, a carrier concentration of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 of the ridge top surface is 2 to 3×1019 cm−3, and higher than carrier concentrations 1 to 2×1018 cm−3 of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107.
The p-side electrode 111 is configured as the multilayer film in which a Ti film having a layer thickness of 0.05 μm, a Pt film of 0.1 μm and an Au film of 0.2 μm are deposited on the p-GaAs contact layer 109.
As mentioned above, by setting the layer thicknesses of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105, the GaInP etching stop layer 106, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109, the ridge height becomes 1.89 μm.
Due to the above-mentioned configuration, in the semiconductor laser device 100 in this embodiment, current injected into the p-GaAs contact layer 109 is current-narrowed in the region of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 formed into the stripe-shaped ridge, and sent to the superlattice active layer section 104, and generates laser oscillation.
In the semiconductor laser device 100 in this embodiment, the efficient current confinement action is carried out, and the light oozed from the superlattice active layer section 104 is reflected by the boundary plane of the p-side electrode 111. Consequently, the light loss is reduced, which enables the laser light to be effectively confined inside a stripe region.
Although the p-side electrode 111 is also evaporated on the GaInP etching stop layer 106 on the ridge sides and the ridge flanks, a p-type dopant concentration is thin on this junction plane, which leads to Schottky junction so that the current does not flow. The current is injected from the p-side electrode 111, and flows through the region of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 in which the p-type dopant concentration on the ridge top surface is high, and arrives at the superlattice active layer section 104.
In this way, the semiconductor laser device 100 in this embodiment is configured such that it has the structure whose current confinement effect is high, and such that the light oozed from the superlattice active layer section 104 is reflected by the boundary plane between the p-side electrode 111 and the GaInP etching stop layer 106, and such that the light loss is consequently reduced which enables the laser light to be effectively confined inside the stripe region.
By the way, in this embodiment, the superlattice active layer section 104 is defined as the SQW (Single Quantum Well) structure, and with regard to the layer thickness of the SCH active layer structure, the optical guide layer is 0.12 μm, and the quantum well layer is 12 nm. However, as long as the specification of a vertical radiation angle property and the like is satisfied, even the MQW is allowable, and the design of other layer structures is allowable.
This embodiment is one example of the embodiment in which the manufacturing method of the semiconductor laser device according to the first invention method is applied to the manufacturing of the above-mentioned semiconductor laser device 100.
In this embodiment, at first, as shown in
The buffer layer 102 is composed of at least one layer of the n-GaAs layer and the n-GaInP layer.
At this time, as the dopant, Si and Se are used on the n-side, and Zn, Mg, Be and the like are used on the p-side.
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Since the phosphoric-acid-based etchant is used to etch the p-GaAs contact layer 109, the progress of the etching is stopped in the GaInP protective layer 108, and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is not exposed in air. Thus, it is not oxidized.
Next as shown in
At this time, if the etching is performed in a period longer than necessary, the progress of the etching causes the GaInP etching stop layer 106 to be penetrated. Thus, the control of the etching period is required. This embodiment uses the etchant having the composition (volume ratio) of acetic acid (99.5% or more):hydrogen peroxide (31%):hydrochloric acid (36%)=100:1:10, and carries out the etching for 3 minutes and 30 seconds. In the etching, stirring is not performed.
The GaInP protective layer 108 is quickly removed at the moment when the lamination layer body is dipped into the etchant, and the etching of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is then started.
The etching speed of the AlInP is faster than the GaInP that is the protective layer 108. However, since the stirring is not performed, the permeation of the etchant is small, and the etching speed becomes slower as the etching time elapses. After the elapse of a predetermined time, when the GaInP etching stop layer 106 begins to be exposed, the apparent etchant concentration on a wafer surface is thin. Thus, the selectivity is exhibited.
Also, in the etching, since in the ridge sides vicinity, there are the p-GaAs contact layer 109 and the resist mask 110, the permeation of the etchant becomes significant, and the etching is faster than the other flat portions.
For this reason, in the ridge vicinity, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is removed to expose the GaInP etching stop layer 106. On the contrary, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 remains on the region away from the ridge. However, the current confinement action and the light confinement are carried out only in the ridge vicinity region. Thus, even if the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 remains on the region away from the ridge, there is no case that a problem is induced in the laser property.
Also, in the etching, after the elapse of about two minutes from the etching start, the resist mask 110 begins to be eroded by the etchant. However, since instead of the resist mask 110, the p-GaAs contact layer 109 that is not eroded by the etchant acts the role of the mask, there is no problem on the etching control.
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, by cleaving the semiconductor wafer for the laser in the ridge stripe direction and the vertical direction, it is possible to manufacture the semiconductor laser device 100 having a pair of resonator reflection surfaces.
This embodiment uses the etchant composed of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid, and carries out the wet etching, and consequently forms the ridge. Thus, the action of the above-mentioned etching mechanism makes the control of the ridge shape easier.
Also, since this embodiment does not require the second epitaxial growing step, the process is simple.
By the way, in the semiconductor laser device 100 in this embodiment, the respective compound semiconductor layers are epitaxially grown by using the metal-organic vapor phased growing method, such as the MOVEP method, the MOCVD method or the like. However, it is not limited thereto. The film may be formed, for example, by using an MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method or the like.
Also, this embodiment is designed such that a layer thickness of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 is 0.40 μm, a layer thickness of the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is 15 nm, and a layer thickness of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is 1.6 μm. However, in designing the lateral radiation angle property and the like, any layer structure may be designed.
By the way, if the clad layer structure different from this embodiment is employed in designing the lateral radiation angle property and the like, on the process, it is obviously allowable to change the concentration of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid and the etching period so as to make the etching control easier.
Also, in this embodiment, when the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is exposed, the etching is stopped. Then, on the top surface thereof, the p-side electrode 111 is evaporated on the entire surface of the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks. However, it may be configured such that after the p-AlInP second lad layer 107 is etched, the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is further removed and the p-AlInP first clad layer 105 is exposed and the p-side electrode 111 is formed thereon.
In order to evaluate the semiconductor laser device 100 of single stripe manufactured in accordance with the method in this embodiment the light output-current property, the property temperature and the NFP are measured, and a graph (1) of
In
The graph (2) of
Also, the graph (2) of
Also, the graph (2) of
As can be understood from
This embodiment is one example of an embodiment of a semiconductor laser device according to a second invention, and
A semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment has the configuration equal to the configuration of the semiconductor laser device 100 in the first embodiment, except that the ridge sides and the ridge flanks contain insulating films, and the p-side electrode is extended to the ridge sides and the ridge flanks through the insulating films, in addition to the ridge top surface, as shown in
In short, the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment includes the laminated structure of a buffer layer 102, a clad layer 103 made of n-Al0.5In0.5P, a superlattice active layer section 104, a first clad layer 105 made of p-Al0.5In0.5P, an etching stop layer 106 made of GaInP, a second clad layer 107 made of p-Al0.5In0.5P, a protective layer 108 made of GaInP and a contact layer 109 made of p-GaAs, which are sequentially grown on an n-GaAs substrate 101, similarly to the semiconductor laser device 100 in the first embodiment.
The buffer layer 102 is a buffer layer composed of at least one of an n-GaAs layer or n n-GaInP layer.
In the laminated structure, the p-AlInP second clad layer 107, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109 are processed into a stripe-shaped ridge whose ridge width is 60 μm.
Differently from the semiconductor laser device 100 in the first embodiment, in the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment, an insulating film 602 having a film thickness of 0.25 μm is formed on the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks except the ridge top surface, and the p-GaAs contact layer 109 is exposed through the opening of the ridge top surface. For example, SiO2, SiN, AlN and the like are used, as the insulating film 602.
A p-side electrode 604 is formed on the p-GaAs contact layer 109 through an opening of the insulating film 602, and further formed on the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks through the insulating film 602.
Also, the n-side electrode 112 is formed on the rear of the n-GaAs substrate 101.
The superlattice active layer section 104 is constituted as the SCH (Separated Confinement Heterostructure) structure composed of at least one layer of the quantum well layer, which is sandwiched between the barrier layer and the optical guide layer. The quantum well layer is made of the (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P (0<x≦1, x=0 in this embodiment), and the barrier layer and the optical guide layer are made of the (AlyGa1-y)0.5In0.5P (0<y≦1, y=0.6 in this embodiment), and the Al composition has the relation of (x<y).
In this embodiment, the superlattice active layer section 104 formed as the SQW (Single Quantum Well) structure.
In the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment, with regard to the film thicknesses of the respective compound semiconductor layers, the film thickness of the buffer layer 102 is 0.03 μm and the film thickness of the n-AlInP n-type clad layer 103 is 2.00 μm, and with regard to the film thicknesses of the SCH superlattice active layer section 104, the optical guide layer is 0.12 μm and the quantum well layer is 12 nm, and the layer thickness of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 is 0.40 μm, the layer thickness of the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is 15 nm, the layer thickness of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is 1.6 μm, the layer thickness of the GaInP protective layer 108 is 30 nm, and the layer thickness of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 is 0.26 μm.
Also, the carrier concentration of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 of the ridge top surface is 2 to 3×1019 cm−3, and higher than the carrier concentrations 1 to 2×1018 cm−3 of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107.
Also, the p-side electrode 111 is configured as the multilayer film in which a Ti film having a layer thickness of 0.05 μm, a Pt film of 0.1 μm and an Au film of 0.2 μm are deposited on the insulating film 602 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109.
As mentioned above, by setting the layer thicknesses of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105, the GaInP etching stop layer 106, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109, the ridge height becomes 1.89 μm.
Due to the above-mentioned configuration, in the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment, the current injected into the p-GaAs contact layer 109 is current-narrowed in the region of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 formed into the stripe-shaped ridge, and sent to the superlattice active layer section 104, and generates the laser oscillation.
In the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment, the efficient current confinement action is carried out, and the light oozed from the superlattice active layer section 104 is reflected by the boundary plane of the p-side electrode 111. Consequently, the light loss is reduced, which enables the laser light to be effectively confined inside the stripe region.
Although the p-side electrode 111 is also evaporated on the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks, in addition to the interposition through the insulating film 602, the p-type dopant concentration is thin on this junction plane, which leads to the Schottky junction so that the current does not flow. The current is injected from the p-side electrode 111, and flows through the region of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 in which the p-type dopant concentration of the ridge top surface is high, and arrives at the superlattice active layer section 104.
In this way, the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment is designed such that it has the structure whose current confinement effect is high, and the light oozed from the superlattice active layer section 104 is reflected by the boundary plane between the p-side electrode 111 and the GaInP etching stop layer 106, and the light loss is consequently reduced which enables the laser light to be effectively confined inside the stripe region.
Moreover, in this embodiment, since the insulating film 602 is provided, it is possible to increase the effect of suppressing the leak current, and improve the mount control property when mounting the semiconductor laser device, and the heat radiation property and the like.
By the way, in this embodiment, the superlattice active layer section 104 is defined as the SQW (Single Quantum Well) structure, and with regard to the layer thickness of the SCH active layer structure, the optical guide layer is 0.12 μm, and the quantum well layer is 12 nm. However, as long as the specification of the vertical radiation angle property and the like is satisfied, even the MQW is allowable, and the design of the other layer structures is allowable.
This embodiment is one example of the embodiment in which the manufacturing method of the semiconductor laser device according to the second invention method is applied to the manufacturing of the above-mentioned semiconductor laser device 600.
In this embodiment, at first, similarly to the second embodiment, the metal-organic vapor phased growing method, such as the MOVPE method, the MOCVD method or the like, is used to sequentially epitaxially grow a buffer layer 102, an n-AlInP n-type clad layer 103, a superlattice active layer section 104, a p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105, a GaInP etching stop layer 106, a p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107, a GaInP protective layer 108 and a p-GaAs contact layer 109, on n n-GaAs substrate 101, thereby generating a lamination layer body having the double hetero-structure.
The buffer layer 102 is composed of at least one layer of an n-GaAs layer of a n-GaInP layer.
At this time, as the dopant, Si and Se are used on the n-side, and Zn, Mg, Be and the like are used on the p-side.
Next, the resist film is formed on the p-GaAs contact layer 109 of the formed lamination layer body, and patterned by the photographic etching, thereby forming the stripe-shaped resist mask 110 (refer to
Since the phosphoric-acid-based etchant is used to etch the p-GaAs contact layer 109, the progress of the etching is stopped in the GaInP protective layer 108, and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is not exposed in the air. Thus, it is not oxidized.
Next, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 are etched. For the etchant, for example, the hydrochloric-acid-based etchant is used.
At this time, if the etching is performed in the period longer than necessary, the progress of the etching causes the GaInP etching stop layer 106 to be penetrated. Thus, the control of the etching period is required. This embodiment uses the etchant having the composition (volume ratio) of acetic acid (99.5% or more):hydrogen peroxide (31%):hydrochloric acid (36%)=100:1:10, and carries out the etching for 3 minutes and 30 seconds. In the etching, the stirring is not performed.
The GaInP protective layer 108 is quickly removed at the moment when the lamination layer body is dipped into the etchant, and the etching of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is then started.
The etching speed of the AlInP is faster than the GaInP that is the protective layer 108. However, since the stirring is not performed, the permeation of the etchant is small, and the etching speed becomes slower as the etching time elapses. After the elapse of the predetermined time, when the GaInP etching stop layer 106 begins to be exposed, the apparent etchant concentration on the wafer surface is thin. Thus, the selectivity is exhibited.
Also, in the etching, since in the ridge sides vicinity, there are the p-GaAs contact layer 109 and the resist mask 110, the permeation of the etchant becomes significant, and the etching is faster than the other flat portions.
For this reason, in the ridge vicinity, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is removed to expose the GaInP etching stop layer 106. On the contrary, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 remains on the region away from the ridge. However, the current confinement action and the light confinement are carried out only in the ridge vicinity region. Thus, even if the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 remains on the region away from the ridge, there is no case that a problem is induced in the laser property.
Also, in the etching, after the elapse of about two minutes from the etching start, the resist mask 110 begins to be eroded by the etchant. However, since instead of the resist mask 110, the p-GaAs contact layer 109 that is not eroded by the etchant acts the role of the mask, there is no problem on the etching control.
Next, similarly to the semiconductor laser device 100 in the first embodiment, as shown in
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
After the rear of the n-GaAs substrate 101 is polished and adjusted to the predetermined substrate thickness, an n-side electrode 112 is formed on the substrate rear. Consequently, it is possible to obtain the semiconductor wafer for the laser having the structure shown in
Next, by cleaving the semiconductor wafer for the laser in the ridge stripe direction and the vertical direction, it is possible to manufacture the semiconductor laser device 600 having a pair of resonator reflection surfaces.
This embodiment uses the etchant composed of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid, and carries out the wet etching, and forms the ridge. Thus, the action of the above-mentioned etching mechanism makes the control of the ridge shape easier.
Also, since this embodiment does not require the second epitaxial growing step, the process is simple.
By the way, in the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment, the respective compound semiconductor layers are epitaxially grown by using the metal-organic vapor phased growing method, such as the MOVEP method, the MOCVD method or the like. However, it is not limited thereto. The film may be formed, for example, by using the MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method or the like.
Also, this embodiment is designed such that the layer thickness of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 is 0.40 μm, the layer thickness of the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is 15 nm, and the layer thickness of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is 1.6 μm. However, in designing the lateral radiation angle property and the like, any layer structure may be designed.
By the way, if the clad layer structure different from this embodiment is employed in designing the lateral radiation angle property and the like, on the process, it is obviously allowable to change the concentration of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid and the etching period so as to make the etching control easier.
Also, in this embodiment, when the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is exposed, the etching is stopped. Then, on the top surface thereof, the p-side electrode 111 is evaporated on the entire surface of the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks. However, it may be configured such that after the p-AlInP second clad layer 107 is etched, the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is further removed and the p-AlInP first clad layer 105 is exposed and the insulating film 602 is formed thereon.
This embodiment is one example of an embodiment of a semiconductor laser device according to a third invention, and
A semiconductor laser device 700 in this embodiment has the configuration equal to the configuration of the semiconductor laser device 600 in the third embodiment, except that only a ridge sides contains an insulating film, and a part of a p-side electrode is provided through the insulating film. The same symbols are given to the portions equal to
In short, the semiconductor laser device 700 in this embodiment includes the laminated structure of a buffer layer 102, a clad layer 103 made of n-Al0.5In0.5P, a superlattice active layer section 104, a first clad layer 105 made of p-Al0.5In0.5P, an etching stop layer 106 made of GaInP, a second clad layer 107 made of p-Al0.5In0.5P, a protective layer 108 made of GaInP and a contact layer 109 made of p-GaAs, which are sequentially grown on an n-GaAs substrate 101, similarly to the semiconductor laser device 600 in the sixth embodiment.
The buffer layer 102 is a buffer layer composed of at least one of an n-GaAs layer or an n-GaInP layer.
In the laminated structure, the p-AlInP second clad layer 107, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109 are processed into a stripe-shaped ridge whose ridge width is 60 μm.
Also, a carrier concentration of the p-GaAs contact layer 109 of the ridge top surface is 2 to 3×1019 cm−3, and higher than carrier concentrations 1 to 2×1018 cm−3 of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107.
Differently from the semiconductor laser device 600 in the third embodiment, in the semiconductor laser device 700 in this embodiment, an insulating film 702 is formed only on the GaInP etching stop layer 106 in the region separated from a ridge bottom end, and is not formed on the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the ridge bottom end vicinity. Then, it serves as an opening, which causes the p-GaAs contact layer 109 of the ridge top surface and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge sides and the ridge bottom end vicinity to be exposed in the stripe-shaped manner. A film thickness of the insulating film 702 is 0.25 μm. For example, SiO2, SiN, AlN and the like are used, as the insulating film 702.
A p-side electrode 704 is formed on the p-GaAs contact layer 109, which is exposed from the opening of the insulating film 702, and on the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge sides and the ridge bottom end vicinity, and further formed on the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks through the insulating film 602.
Also, an n-side electrode 112 is formed on the rear of the n-GaAs substrate 101.
In this embodiment, in addition to the effect of the semiconductor laser device 100 in the first embodiment, since the insulating film 702 is provided, it is possible to increase the effect of suppressing the leak current, and improve the mount control property when mounting the semiconductor laser device, and the heat radiation property and the like
This embodiment is one example of the embodiment in which the manufacturing method of the semiconductor laser device according to the second invention method is applied to the manufacturing of the above-mentioned semiconductor laser device 700.
In this embodiment, at first, similarly to the fourth embodiment, the metal-organic vapor phased growing method, such as the MOVPE method, the MOCVD method or the like, is used to sequentially epitaxially grow the buffer layer 102, the n-type clad layer 103 made of n-AlInP, the superlattice active layer section 104, the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105, the GaInP etching stop layer 106, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-GaAs contact layer 109, on the n-GaAs substrate 101, thereby forming a lamination layer body having the double hetero-structure.
The buffer layer 102 is composed of at least one layer of an n-GaAs layer or an n-GaInP layer.
At this time, as the dopant, Si and Se are used on the n-side, and Zn, Mg, Be and the like are used on the p-side.
Next, a resist film is formed on the p-GaAs contact layer 109 of the formed lamination layer body, and patterned by the photographic etching, thereby forming a stripe-shaped resist mask 110 (refer to
Since the phosphoric-acid-based etchant is used to etch the p-GaAs contact layer 109, the progress of the etching is stopped in the GaInP protective layer 108, and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is not exposed in the air. Thus, it is not oxidized.
Next, the GaInP protective layer 108 and the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 are etched. For the etchant, for example, the hydrochloric-acid-based etchant is used.
At this time, if the etching is performed in the period longer than necessary, the progress of the etching causes the GaInP etching stop layer 106 to be penetrated. Thus, the control of the etching period is required. This embodiment uses the etchant having the composition (volume ratio) of acetic acid (99.5% or more):hydrogen peroxide (31%):hydrochloric acid (36%)=100:1:10, and carries out the etching for 3 minutes and 30 seconds. In the etching, the stirring is not performed.
The GaInP protective layer 108 is quickly removed at the moment when the lamination layer body is dipped into the etchant, and the etching of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is then started.
The etching speed of the AlInP is faster than the GaInP that is the protective layer 108. However, since the stirring is not performed, the permeation of the etchant is small, and the etching speed becomes slower as the etching time elapses. After the elapse of the predetermined time, when the GaInP etching stop layer 106 begins to be exposed, the apparent etchant concentration on the wafer surface is thin. Thus, the selectivity is exhibited.
Also, in the etching, since in the ridge sides vicinity, there are the p-GaAs contact layer 109 and the resist mask 110, the permeation of the etchant becomes significant, and the etching is faster than the other flat portions.
For this reason, in the ridge vicinity, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is removed to expose the GaInP etching stop layer 106. On the contrary, the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 remains on the region away from the ridge. However, the current confinement action and the light confinement are carried out only in the ridge vicinity region. Thus, even if the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 remains on the region away from the ridge, there is no case that a problem is induced in the laser property.
Also, in the etching, after the elapse of about two minutes from the etching start, the resist mask 110 begins to be eroded by the etchant. However, since instead of the resist mask 110, the p-GaAs contact layer 109 that is not eroded by the etchant acts the role of the mask, there is no problem on the etching control.
Next, similarly to the semiconductor laser device 600 in the sixth embodiment, the stripe-shaped resist mask 110 is removed to expose the p-GaAs contact layer 109 (refer to
Next, as shown in
Next, as shown in
In succession, as shown in
After the rear of the n-GaAs substrate 101 is polished and adjusted to the predetermined substrate thickness, an n-side electrode 112 is formed on the substrate rear. Consequently, it is possible to obtain the semiconductor wafer for the laser having the structure shown in
Next, by cleaving the semiconductor wafer for the laser in the ridge stripe direction and the vertical direction, it is possible to manufacture the semiconductor laser device 700 having a pair of resonator reflection surfaces.
This embodiment uses the etchant composed of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid, and carries out the wet etching, and forms the ridge. Thus, the action of the above-mentioned etching mechanism makes the control of the ridge shape easier.
Also, since this embodiment does not require the second epitaxial growing step, the process is simple.
By the way, in the semiconductor laser device 600 in this embodiment, the respective compound semiconductor layers are epitaxially grown by using the metal-organic vapor phased growing method, such as the MOVEP method, the MOCVD method or the like. However, it is not limited thereto. The film may be formed, for example, by using the MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method or the like.
Also, this embodiment is designed such that the layer thickness of the p-AlInP first p-type clad layer 105 is 0.40 μm, the layer thickness of the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is 15 nm, and the layer thickness of the p-AlInP second p-type clad layer 107 is 1.6 μm. However, in designing the lateral radiation angle property and the like, any layer structure may be designed.
By the way, if the clad layer structure different from this embodiment is employed in designing the lateral radiation angle property and the like, on the process, it is obviously allowable to change the concentration of acetic acid:hydrogen peroxide:hydrochloric acid and the etching period so as to make the etching control easier.
Also, in this embodiment, when the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is exposed, the etching is stopped. Then, on the top surface thereof, the p-side electrode 111 is evaporated on the entire surface of the ridge top surface, the ridge sides and the GaInP etching stop layer 106 of the ridge flanks. However, it may be configured such that after the p-AlInP second lad layer 107 is etched, the GaInP etching stop layer 106 is further removed and the p-AlInP first clad layer 105 is exposed and the insulating film 602 is formed thereon.
The first to third inventions can be also applied to a semiconductor laser array or a semiconductor laser stack in which the semiconductor laser devices are arrayed in array manner or stack manner.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-274492 | Sep 2002 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10495865 | Oct 2004 | US |
| Child | 12232047 | US |
