Separation tank module for kitchen effluent

Abstract

An apparatus for the separation of immiscible liquids from liquid influent has a containment vessel. An influent channel discharges influent vertically upward against an upwardly divergent plate. This causes the influent to move radially outward, thus slowing the influent and facilitating gravitational separation of lighter immiscible liquids from the influent. As the separating liquids pass through a gap between the plate and the vessel to an upper region of the vessel, a hood funnels the separated lighter liquids to a collection zone. A transfer tube, a sensor, and a pump are provided to pump the lighter liquids out to a remote location. A pan in a lower portion of the vessel causes heavy solids to collect, and a suction conduit suctions the solids from the vessel. An effluent channel channels heavier liquids such as water from a central region of the vessel to a remote location, such as a sewer.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating two immiscible liquids, for example, kitchen effluent containing a mixture of grease, water and solids.

[0003] Kitchen effluent generated during food processing has conventionally been collected in a grease trap separator, which is commonly a rectangular tank made of pre-cast concrete, buried below grade. In the separator, the grease, being of a lower density of the water, rises to the top, forming a separate grease mat layer. Periodically, the grease is removed from the trap, normally with a vacuum pump. The grease may then be disposed of in a landfill or sold to rendering companies for conversion into useful products.

[0004] Processing of the grease into useful products is obviously preferred to dumping of the grease into a landfill, which also may not be possible due to the increased environmental regulations. Processors, however, are not always willing to accept grease if it includes a significant percentage of water, i.e., more than fifteen percent (15%), because of the increased difficulty in processing. Moreover, the prolonged contact of water with the grease tends to make the grease rancid as a result of the breakdown of lipids into shorter chain fatty acids, decreasing the value of the grease.

[0005] The prior art discloses various methods and apparatus for separating two immiscible liquids, and also discloses various methods and apparatus for removing one liquid from contact with the other after separation of liquids into two layers in a separator. For example, in some cases, the lighter liquid is discharged by gravity from the separator through an upper pipe and the heavier liquid is discharged from the separator through a lower pipe. Generally, the methods and apparatus relate to the separation of grease or oil from water.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 2,747,736 to Mobley describes a device for removing grease from wastewater in a separator, in which grease which floats to the top of the separator is removed by hydrostatic forces. The grease is then stored at a collecting and storage point remote from the separator.

[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,585 to Sink describes an apparatus comprised of a separator in which oil and water are separated. The oil, which floats to the top of the water, flows under gravity to a second separator, where remaining oil is removed, e.g., by filtration. Water is removed from the bottom of the first separator.

[0008] Other patents show similar devices. U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,823 to Hall, describes a device for separating oil from water in bilge discharges. After separation, the oil and water are removed through separate discharge pipes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,119,541 to Makaya discloses a similar arrangement for cleaning up oil spills by separating oil from seawater. U.S. Pat. No. 4,400,274 to Protos, describes a gravity separator in which solids are removed prior to separation of the grease and water. Those systems often suffer the problem of incomplete removal of grease from the water, leading to waste of recyclable grease, and perhaps more importantly, the need to treat the water more thoroughly because of the residual grease contaminants.

[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,198 to Clarke, discloses a separation apparatus and method in which a stacked conical baffle is used to induce separation of immiscible liquids. U.S. Patent No. 4,994,179 to Keeter et al. discloses a separation apparatus and process that incorporates a hydro-cyclone to induce separation. Those systems are relatively large in size and are directed toward use in large industrial installations.

[0010] The kinds of apparatus disclosed in the prior art, however, are not readily adaptable for use with the thousands of conventional grease traps that currently exist. Since these traps are generally comprised of a concrete storage tank buried several feet below ground level, i.e., grade, which has a pair of generally cylindrical access ports fitted with manhole covers, removal or structural modification is difficult. An apparatus which would permit removal of grease from water with great efficiency in conventional grease traps would be of substantial commercial utility.

[0011] Further, there is a need in the art for a new apparatus for separation of oil/grease from wastewater which is simple in design so that service is not often needed, yet capable of being done in the field by simple replacement of easily replaceable parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The current invention is useful in retrofitting existing separation systems, such as grease traps, many of which are located below grade. After modification of the grease trap with the present invention, the first liquid (grease) can be periodically and automatically removed and transported to a remote location.

[0013] While the invention is described in terms of the separation of grease from water, it will be apparent that the apparatus and method described herein are generally useful in the separation of any immiscible liquids.

[0014] The apparatus includes a containment vessel, an influent channel having an intake end and a discharge end disposed into a central region of the vessel, an effluent channel disposed in the vessel having an intake end in a lower portion of the vessel and a discharge end. A plate in a lower portion of the vessel has a downward slope from a central location toward the periphery of the vessel and is mounted downstream of flow from the discharge end of the influent channel. Influent liquid can be introduced into the vessel through the influent channel for discharge centrally into the vessel to permit radially outward movement of the influent to slow the influent and provide residence time for gravitational separation of lighter immiscible liquids from the main liquid flow.

[0015] The apparatus may include a transfer tube with an intake end and a discharging end with the intake end located in an upper portion of the vessel. It may also include a sensor for sensing immiscible liquids within an upper portion of the vessel and a pump actuable upon the sensor sensing immiscible liquids to pump from the vessel.

[0016] The apparatus may have a vertically extending suction conduit having an intake end and a discharge end, whereby the intake end can be inserted through the center portion of the vessel to permit the suction of heavier-than-water solids from the bottom portion of the vessel.

[0017] In one preferred embodiment the influent end is inserted from the upper portion of the vessel so the influent flow is discharged vertically downward. Thereafter, the influent is collected on an upwardly curved deflection plate mounted below and aligned with the discharge end of the influent channel. The downward slope plate is in a lower portion of the vessel than the deflection plate to provide an overhang from an outer peripheral portion of the deflection plate above an inner central portion of the downward slope plate.

[0018] In another embodiment, the influent end is inserted from the bottom portion of the containment vessel so the influent flow is discharged vertically upward. In this embodiment, a downwardly curved deflection plate is mounted above and aligned with the discharge end of the influent channel. The downward slope plate is mounted to the discharge end of the influent channel so the downward slope plate is in a lower portion of the vessel from the deflection plate. Further, one portion has a gap between the discharge end of the influent channel and the downward slope plate.

[0019] An embodiment of the vessel may be vertically extending with a generally rounded bottom, formed of roto-formed plastic and having a cover. Such a cover may have a flat top surface, a radial inwardly upwardly slanted bottom surface and an opening through the middle. Further, the channels, preferably, are made of vacuum formed plastic.

[0020] In the preferred embodiment, a conical plate is used to define the bottom of the vessel, the influent channel is disposed vertically along one side of the vessel, the effluent channel is disposed vertically along another side of the vessel such that the central peripheral portion of the channels is mounted to the outer peripheral portion of the conical plate.

[0021] The apparatus may have a gray water conduit, having an intake end from a remote location and a discharge end disposed into an upstream location of the discharge end of the influent channel. It may also have a transfer tube, with an intake end located in the upper portion of the vessel and a discharge end in a remote location for recovery of the separated grease. Additionally it may have a vertically extending suction conduit, having an intake end inserted through the center portion of the vessel to permit the suction of heavier-than-water solids from the bottom portion of the vessel and a discharge end disposed in a remote recovery system. Also, it may have an automatic solids transfer discharging line with an intake end in a remote location to discharge the solids.

[0022] The invention also provides a method of operation including separating influent made up of a lighter density first liquid and a heavier density second liquid in a containment vessel and transferring the first and second liquids to discrete remote locations by channeling the influent into the containment vessel, directing the influent flow to a radially central portion of the vessel and releasing the influent in the vessel to permit radial outward movement of the influent which causes an increasing reduction in influent flow rate as the influent moves radially outward, gravitationally separating the first liquid from the second liquid as they move radially outwardly, transferring the first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location, and transferring the second liquid from a lower portion of the vessel to another remote location.

[0023] For automatic operation, the method may include the intermediate steps of sensing when the upper portion of the vessel contains a substantial quantity of the first liquid and thereafter performing the first transferring step.

[0024] The method may also include the step of suctioning solids heavier than the second liquid from the bottom of the vessel through a conduit to a remote location.

[0025] In another embodiment, a containment vessel includes an influent channel having a discharge end disposed in a central region of the vessel whereby an influent flow containing a lighter, immiscible first liquid and a heavier density second liquid is released into a radially central portion of the vessel. An upwardly diverging plate is provided in the vessel above the discharge end so that the first and second liquids of the influent are radially diverted toward outer regions of an open area of the vessel, thereby causing an increasing reduction in influent flow velocity as the influent moves radially outward, and causing gravitational separation of the first liquid to a higher location in the vessel than the second liquid as the influent moves radially outward. A first transferring means is included for transferring the separated first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location. A second transferring means is provided for transferring the separated second liquid from a portion of the vessel below the first transferring means and above the upwardly diverging plate to another remote location.

[0026] A sensor may be provided in an upper portion of the vessel for sensing the presence of a substantial quantity of the first liquid in the vessel. The sensor triggers the first transferring means to transfer the sensed first liquid from the upper portion of the vessel to a remote location. A means may also be provided for suctioning solids heavier than the second liquid from a bottom of the vessel through a conduit to a remote location.

[0027] The device is particularly suited for the separation of a first liquid that is grease and a second liquid that is water.

[0028] Where a sensor is provided for sensing the presence of a substantial quantity of a first liquid in an upper portion of the vessel, the first transferring means may include a pump triggered by the sensor which pumps the separated first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location.

[0029] The influent channel preferably directs the influent flow vertically upward in the central portion of the vessel. An upwardly converging hood may be provided in an upper region of the vessel to funnel the separated first liquid to a first liquid collection zone near a top of the vessel. The first transferring means transfers the separated first liquid from the first liquid collection zone to a remote location.

[0030] The apparatus may further include a downwardly converging pan in a lower region of the vessel for funneling solids heavier than the second liquid to a solids collection zone near a bottom of the vessel. A means is provided for suctioning the solids from the solids collection zone, such as a pump or a water jet eductor.

[0031] These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after a reading of the following description of the invention when considered with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for grease suction recovery according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the plates according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.

[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for grease suction recovery according to a second embodiment of the invention.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the plates according to the embodiment of FIG. 3.

[0036] FIG. 5 is schematic sectional view of an apparatus for grease suction recovery according to a third embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one embodiment for an apparatus 10 for grease suction recovery, which includes a separation vessel 12 having an influent channel 14 and an effluent channel 16 each of rectangular cross section disposed at the sides of the separation vessel 12.

[0038] The shape of vessel 12 is not critical, however the preferred embodiment has a rounded or conical shaped bottom and vertical walls that are smooth to effectuate the flow of the grease. As used herein “grease” may include oils and other lighter than water liquids commonly found in grease traps. As is well known, the “grease” rises to the top of the aqueous waste water. The vessel 12 can be formed of a variety of materials such as steel or fiberglass. However roto-formed plastic is the preferred embodiment due to its lightweight characteristics.

[0039] The apparatus 10 has an influent channel 14 and an effluent channel 16. The channels 14, 16, as well, can be formed of a variety of materials, but the preferred embodiment uses vacuum formed plastic.

[0040] The discharge end 18 of influent channel 14 enters upwardly into the center of vessel 12. The flow of the influent is directed radially outwardly through the use of a diverging, disk-shaped plate 20. Plate 20 has a parabolic radial configuration and is supported above discharge end 18 of influent channel 14 through any suitable securing means. Plate 20 creates an outward radial diversion of the influent into vessel 12. Then, the influent is thus directed along the upper surface of a conical plate 22 which has a downward slope. The area of this path increases as the square of the radius and thus increasingly allows the influent a longer residence time, to maximize the likelihood of gravitational separation of the less dense grease from the water. Conical plate 22 is supported through any appropriate suitable means and has a small gap 24 between itself and the discharge end 18 of the influent channel 14 along one edge to permit the removal of any grease that may otherwise have become trapped under the plate 22. This grease is thus exposed, once again, to radial diversion and eventual separation.

[0041] The grease-depleted water passes radially outwardly past the periphery of plate 22 and then downwardly to a region 23 in the bottom of vessel 12. From there it is discharged through an effluent transfer channel 16. Effluent channel 16 discharges to a remote location, such as a sewage treatment plant. Influent channel 14 and effluent channel 16 are preferable formed with an additional conical plate 26 to define the bottom of vessel 12.

[0042] A grease mat 30 is formed by the accumulated separated grease at the top of the vessel 12. A grease transfer tube 32 is positioned with an intake end 34 in contact with the grease mat 30 inside the vessel 12, and a discharge end 36. Transfer tube 32 is configured with a sensor 38 positioned to detect grease accumulation in vessel 12. Sensor 38 is of a type commercially available and its selection can be made by one skilled in the art. Suction of the grease through the transfer tube 32 is accomplished through a pump 40 or any such suitable means, which is actuated by the sensor 38.

[0043] The vessel 12 is topped with a cover 42 having a center opening 44. Cover 42 has a flat top surface and an upward slanted bottom surface to facilitate the flow of grease to the center where the intake end 34 of the grease transfer tube 32 is located.

[0044] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a second embodiment 50 of the present invention which has a vessel 52, an influent channel 54 and an effluent channel 56. The discharge end 58 of the influent channel 54 is directed vertically downward into the middle of vessel 52. Preferably, the discharge is through an annular opening with effluent channel 56 centered in the opening. The influent is first directed against radially curved deflection plate 60. Plate 60 is mounted below and aligned with discharge end 58. The influent passes onto a downward slope plate 62. The outer portion of deflection plate 60 overhangs the inner portion of downward slope plate 62 to provide a gap 64 between plates 60 and 62. Again, the influent takes on a radially outward flow path in the region 53. As it slows, the grease rises and the water falls.

[0045] A grease mat 66 is formed by the accumulated separated grease at the top of the vessel 52. A grease transfer tube 68 is positioned with an intake end 70 in contact with grease mat 66 inside vessel 52, and a discharge end 72.

[0046] Additional features that may be included are a gray water return conduit 78 from a remote source such as a Superceptor® product sold by Thermaco and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,754 and an automatic solids transfer discharge conduit 82 for returning solids from an AST unit sold by Thermaco and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,564. The disclosures of these patents are hereby incorporated by reference. Gray water conduit 78 has a discharge end 80 in communication with discharge end 58 of influent channel 54. The gray water flow is therefore subjected to radial gravitational separation along with the influent. Solids are transferred through conduit 82 and discharged in communication with the effluent out through the effluent channel 56 to a remote location, such as a sewer leading to a sewage treatment plant.

[0047] Also, for discharge of heavier-than-water solids that accumulate at the bottom of the vessel 52, a suction conduit 74 is located in the vessel 52. Suction conduit 74 takes up the solids form the bottom of vessel 52 through its intake end 76 and delivers the solids to a remote location.

[0048] The separation characteristics are improved in the instant invention over the prior art. Namely, the use of baffles allows the radial and outward flow of the waste water, to permit the gradual slowing of the flow, to increase the residence time, allowing the grease an opportunity to rise and deviate from the main water flow path. There is no agitation required to effectuate the separation, and therefore there are fewer moving parts. Further, there are no chemical additives necessary to supplement the separation.

[0049] FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment 100 of the invention which has a vessel 102, an influent channel 104 and an effluent channel 106. The discharge end 108 of the influent channel 104 is directed vertically upward in a lower portion of vessel 102. Influent containing a mixture of a lighter first liquid such as grease and a heavier second liquid such as water is directed against an upwardly divergent plate 110 centered in the vessel. The plate 110 is slightly smaller in width or diameter than the vessel 102, thus providing a gap 111 between the plate 110 and the vessel 102 and providing a flow path for the influent between lower and upper portions of the vessel. The plate may be any suitable shape, such as conical, hyperbolic, parabolic, pyramidal, or other diverging shape. The influent takes on a radially outward flow path in the region 103, causing the influent to slow, as the area traversed increases. During the thus augmented residence time, gravitational separation of the influent may occur, taking the first liquid to a higher location in the vessel than the second liquid, as the influent moves radially outward to outer regions 112 of the vessel 102.

[0050] The effluent channel 106 has a downwardly facing port 116 in a central region 101 of the vessel. As the heavier, second liquid accumulates in the vessel above the plate 110, the second liquid is transferred from the vessel through the port 116 and channel 114. Note that the edges 117 of the port are below the rim 113 of the plate 110. Thus, an actual downward component of the trajectory of the influent is required to reach the port 116, further helping to prevent the lighter liquid from traversing a path to the port 116. As the lighter first liquid accumulates in an upper portion of the vessel, the first liquid is transferred from the vessel by a transferring means such as a pump. Other suitable transferring means may be substituted. To aid in the collection of the first liquid for transfer from the vessel 102, an upwardly converging hood 118 is provided in an upper region of the vessel to funnel the rising first liquid to a first liquid collection zone 120 near the top of the vessel. Transfer of the first liquid from the vessel may be actuated either manually or automatically by a timer or sensor.

[0051] A downwardly converging pan 122 may be provided in a lower portion of the vessel beneath the plate 110. The pan 122 funnels falling solids from the influent to a solids collection zone 124 near the bottom of the vessel 102. A solids suction conduit 126 is provided to extract the accumulated solids from the solids collection zone 124 for disposal. A pump or eductor may be used to suction the solids from the vessel through the conduit 126. Extraction of the solids may be actuated either manually or by a timer or sensor.

[0052] While this invention has been illustrated and described in accordance with a preferred embodiment, it is recognized that variations and changes may be made therein without departing from the invention as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for the separation of influent containing a lighter, immiscible first liquid and a heavier density second liquid, comprising: a containment vessel, an influent channel having an intake end and a discharge end disposed in a central region of the vessel whereby an influent flow is directed to a radially central portion of the vessel and the influent is released in an open area of the vessel, an upwardly diverging plate in the vessel whereupon the influent flow is impinged to radially divert the first and second liquids toward outer regions of an open area of the vessel, thereby causing an increasing reduction in influent flow velocity as the influent moves radially outward, and causing gravitational separation of the first liquid to a higher location in the vessel than the second liquid as the influent moves radially outward to outer regions of the open area, a first transferring means for transferring the separated first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location, and a second transferring means for transferring the separated second liquid from a lower portion of the vessel to another remote location.

2. The apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a sensor in an upper portion of the vessel for sensing the presence of a substantial quantity of said first liquid in the vessel which triggers the first transferring means to transfer the sensed first liquid from the upper portion of the vessel to a remote location.

3. The apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a means for suctioning solids heavier than the second liquid from a bottom of the vessel through a conduit to a remote location.

4. The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the first liquid is grease and second liquid is water.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the first transferring means includes a pump triggered by the sensor which pumps the separated first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the influent channel directs the influent flow vertically upwardly into the central area.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an upwardly convergent hood in an upper region of the vessel which funnels the separated first liquid to a first liquid collection zone near a top of the vessel, wherein the first transferring means transfers the separated first liquid from the first liquid collection zone to a remote location.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a downwardly convergent pan in a lower region of the vessel for funneling solids heavier than the second liquid to a solids collection zone near a bottom of the vessel.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 further including a means for suctioning the solids from the solids collection zone.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein the suctioning means includes a pump.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein the suctioning means includes a water jet eductor.

12. An apparatus for the separation of influent containing a lighter, immiscible first liquid and a heavier density second liquid, comprising: a containment vessel, an influent channel having an intake end and a discharge end disposed in a central region of the vessel whereby an influent flow is directed to a radially central portion of the vessel and the influent is released in an open area of the vessel, an upwardly diverging plate in the vessel whereupon the influent flow is impinged to radially divert the first and second liquids toward outer regions of an open area of the vessel, thereby causing an increasing reduction in influent flow velocity as the influent moves radially outward, and causing gravitational separation of the first liquid to a higher location in the vessel than the second liquid as the influent moves radially outward to outer regions of the open area, a first transferring means including a pump for transferring the separated first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location, a second transferring means for transferring the separated second liquid from a lower portion of the vessel to another remote location, a sensor in an upper portion of the vessel for sensing the presence of a substantial quantity of the first liquid in the vessel which triggers the first transferring means to transfer the sensed first liquid from the upper portion of the vessel to a remote location, an upwardly convergent hood in an upper region of the vessel which funnels the separated first liquid to a first liquid collection zone near the top of the upper region from which the first transferring means transfers the separated first liquid to a remote location, a downwardly convergent pan in a lower region of the vessel for funneling settled solids heavier than the second liquid to a solids collection zone near the bottom of the lower region, and a means for suctioning solids from the solids collection zone.

13. An apparatus for the separation of influent containing a lighter, immiscible first liquid and a heavier density second liquid, comprising: a containment vessel, an influent channel having a discharge end disposed in a central region of the vessel whereby an influent flow is released into a radially central portion of the vessel, an upwardly diverging plate in the vessel above the discharge end so that the first and second liquids of the influent are radially diverted toward outer regions of the vessel, thereby causing an increasing reduction in influent flow velocity as the influent moves radially outward, and causing gravitational separation of the first liquid to a higher location in the vessel than the second liquid as the influent moves radially outward, a first transferring means for transferring the separated first liquid from an upper portion of the vessel to a remote location, and a second transferring means for transferring the separated second liquid from a portion of the vessel below the first transferring means and generally above the upwardly diverging plate to another remote location.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein the diverging plate has an upper rim and the second transferring means has an intake port at a height below the rim, so that the second liquid must move downwardly to reach the intake port.