Patent Application
20170203306
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a separator.
Centrifugal separators for realizing continuous operation have long been known, for example in an embodiment as nozzle separators from Japanese patent document JP 62-117649 A. In addition to nozzle separators, separators with solids discharge openings are known which are assigned a hydraulically actuable piston slide by way of which the solids discharge openings can be closed off and opened up. A separator without solids discharge, in an embodiment as a divider, is presented in US patent document U.S. Pat. No. 2,017,734. A separator with screwed-together, solid drum lower and drum upper parts is also presented in US patent document U.S. Pat. No. 2,286,354.
PCT International patent document WO 2014/000829 A1 furthermore discloses a generic separator for the separation of a flowable product into different phases or for the clarification of a product, which separator has a rotatable drum with a drum lower part and a drum upper part and has a means for clarification arranged in the drum, wherein one, several or all of the following elements is or are composed of plastic or of a plastics composite material: the drum lower part, the drum upper part, the means for clarification. In this way, it is possible for a part of the drum, or preferably even the entire drum—preferably together with the inflow and outflow system or regions—to be designed for single use, which is of interest and advantageous in particular with regard to the processing of pharmaceutical products such as fermentation broths or the like, because, after the operation for the processing of a corresponding product batch in preferably continuous operation during the processing of the product batch, no cleaning of the drum has to be performed, it rather being possible for the drum as a whole to be exchanged. From a hygienic aspect in particular, the separator is therefore highly advantageous.
Exemplary embodiments are directed to further improvements in the handleability of the generic design.
According to an aspect of the invention, the parting plane between the base part and the housing shell part is aligned with a parting plane between the drum upper part and the drum lower part, or an offset of less than 250 mm is provided between the two parting planes. In this way, the interface between the drum upper part and the drum lower part is particularly easily accessible, which—if present—considerably simplifies the exchange of the inner drum, which is preferably a single-use drum for the processing of one product batch, for example in the pharmaceutical or chemistry sectors. The parting planes are oriented horizontally.
The base part preferably has a leadthrough for a drive spindle. The housing shell part is supplemented by a cover that may be formed separately from the housing shell part or which, in one piece with the housing shell part, forms a type of cover part. A section of the overall housing shell, for example a conical section, may also be formed on the base part itself.
According a refinement, which is also to be regarded as an independent invention a cover has, in turn, an opening. The cover is furthermore mountable vertically onto the covering ring body and fastenable there. Between the base part and the housing shell part there is furthermore formed a parting plane. Since the covering ring body is insertable into the housing vertically from below and can be passed entirely or in sections through the opening of the cover, an exchange of the drum, which is composed entirely or partially of plastic, or of those parts of the drum which are composed entirely or partially of plastic, also in interaction with the parting plane between the base part and the housing shell part, is facilitated. This is because, as a result of the detachment of the parting plane, the drum is accessible, and for the purposes of exchanging the drum the cover can be removed from the drum and from the covering ring body in an upward direction, without the covering ring body having to be detached from the drum. It would also be possible for the cover to be of split form, wherein it is only in the assembled state that the opening is fully formed so as to completely encircle the opening. Then, the feature regarding the mountability onto the cover relates to the assembled state. It would additionally be possible for sealing strips or the like to be provided between the parts of the cover.
Here, it is advantageous if the drum has an outer support device and an inner drum arranged in the support device, in that the means for the clarification of the product to be processed in the centrifugal area is arranged in the inner drum. The outer support contour is preferably in the form of an outer drum in which the inner drum is arranged, wherein the outer drum has an outer drum lower part and an outer drum upper part, and wherein the inner drum has an inner drum lower part and an inner drum upper part.
Since the drum has an outer support device and a drum—referred to as inner drum—arranged within the support device and the means for clarification of the product to be processed in the centrifugal area is arranged in the inner drum, the running characteristics of the rotating system, in particular of the drum, are furthermore considerably improved in a simple manner, because the outer support device stabilizes the system. Since the support device is situated radially at the outside in relation to the drum wall that delimits the drum interior chamber, the actual drum that delimits the centrifuging chamber will hereinafter be referred to as “inner drum”.
In one variant, the outer support contour is in the form of an outer ring surrounding the inner drum axially in sections. Such a ring, in the manner of a “bandage”, stabilizes the structure at the outer circumference. The at least one stabilizing ring (or the multiple rings) is/are preferably composed of a metal, though may also be manufactured from a plastic or from a plastics composite material or the like. It is also conceivable for a contour, for example a ring-shaped pocket that is open axially in one direction, to be provided on the outer circumference of the inner drum, into which pocket the stabilizing ring is inserted.
Furthermore, in a preferred refinement, it is advantageous if the outer support contour is in the form of a circumferentially closed outer ring surrounding the inner drum axially in sections. It is however also conceivable for the outer support contour to be in the form of a grate-like outer ring which surrounds the inner drum in a particular axial section.
It is possible that the outer support contour is in the form of an outer drum surrounding the inner drum completely or in sections. In this way, the running characteristics of the rotating system, in particular of the drum, are considerably improved in a simple manner, because the outer drum dynamically and mechanically stabilizes the system. It is possible for both bending of the rotating system in a radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation D, and also the tendency for imbalances to arise, to be considerably reduced. Both the inner drum and the support structure may—but need not—be of relatively thin-walled design. In particular, the inner drum that is preferably to be exchanged after the processing of a product batch can hereby be manufactured in a very material-saving manner.
It nevertheless remains possible to utilize the advantages of the materials “plastic” or “plastics composite material” because it remains possible for a part of the drum—the inner drum and preferably the constituent parts thereof—in particular together with the inflow and outflow systems or regions—to be designed for single use, such that, after the operation for the processing of a corresponding product batch, in preferably continuous and sanitary operation during the processing of the product batch, no cleaning of the drum is necessary, with the drum as a whole rather being exchanged. The exchange is simple because the outer drum, which is preferably reused, does not require major cleaning, because it preferably does not come into contact at all with the product to be processed. The outer drum therefore does not need to be cleaned and/or disinfected, or needs to be only relatively quickly cleaned and/or disinfected, upon every exchange of the inner drum.
The exchange of the inner drum and the mounting, dismounting and other handling thereof may also be performed easily because, due to the fact that a stable outer drum structure is provided into which the inner drum merely has to be inserted, it is possible for the drive connection to an electric motor to be provided only on the outer drum, such that, during an exchange, it is merely necessary for the inner drum to be removed from the outer drum and for another inner drum to be inserted into the outer drum again, without numerous complicated mounting steps, such as the production of a drive connection to the drive shaft, being necessary for this purpose.
It is advantageous if the inner drum and the outer drum are at any rate predominantly composed of different materials, because in this way, it is possible for in each case the optimum materials to be selected for both of the elements outer drum and inner drum. The inner drum, together with the parts connected thereto and with which the inner drum forms an exchangeable module, is preferably composed entirely or predominantly (with more than 70% of its weight) of an in turn preferably relatively thin-walled plastic or a plastics composite material, such that it can be easily disposed of, and the reusable outer drum is composed of metal, in particular of steel, such that its running characteristics can be optimized in a particularly effective manner.
A further advantage of this is that, with the use of a metallic outer drum and of an inner drum entirely or predominantly composed of plastic, the weight of the outer drum may greatly exceed that of the inner drum, such that the rotational characteristics are defined substantially by the outer drum. For this purpose, it is preferably the case that the weight of the rotating parts of the metallic outer drum is more than twice as great, in particular more than four times as great, as the weight of the rotating parts composed of plastic or as the weight of the empty inner drum. By way of the outer drum, it is also possible for the inner drum to be designed with particularly thin walls, because the inner drum is stabilized by the outer drum.
In order that the inner drum can be inserted effectively and easily into the outer drum, it is advantageous if the outer drum has an outer drum lower part and an outer drum upper part that is detachable from the outer drum lower part. By contrast, substantially for manufacturing reasons, it is advantageous if the inner drum has an inner drum lower part and an inner drum upper part that can be or is preassembled with the inner drum lower part. This is because it is necessary for various elements such as the means for clarification, an inflow pipe and the like to be positioned in the inner drum during the production process, which simplified by way of the division into upper part and lower part.
With regard to handling and the exchange, it is advantageous if the parting plane between the drum upper part and the drum lower part is formed between the outer drum lower part and the outer drum upper part but not between the inner drum lower part and the inner drum upper part, because the latter parts are preferably non-detachably connected after the production process.
The mounting of the inner drum in the outer drum is particularly simple if the outer drum upper part is formed in the manner of a ring screwed to the outer drum lower part, directly or with the aid of a fastener ring, and which is formed so as to be open in an axially upward direction, such that the inner drum upper part protrudes axially out of the outer drum upper part.
The outer drum lower part and the outer drum upper part may also be connected in some other way. An advantageous variant is a connection by way of screw bolts. A bayonet is also conceivable as a connecting means. Finally, it is advantageous for the outer drum upper part and the outer drum lower part to be connected to one another, or fixed relative to one another, by way of a fastener ring. For this purpose, it is preferable that a lower edge of the outer drum upper part is inserted into the outer drum lower part, where the outer drum upper part can lie on a collar. Then, a ring with an external thread is screwed from above into an internal thread of the outer drum lower part, which automatically fixes the outer drum upper part on the outer drum lower part.
To realize a reliable rotation as far as possible without slippage between the inner drum and the outer drum, it is advantageous if the inner drum and the outer drum are connected rotationally conjointly to one another in non-positively locking and/or positively locking fashion.
For reasons of hygiene, it is furthermore advantageous if an inflow system and an outflow system of the drum are formed exclusively on the inner drum, such that the outer drum does not come into contact with the product to be processed during operation. The inflow system and the outflow system are preferably formed, in a sealed type of construction, on the inner drum.
In a further refinement, it is advantageous if the inflow system and the outflow system have the covering ring body formed as a part that does not rotate with the drum during operation and if the inflow system has an inflow pipe formed as an element that rotates with the drum. In this way, the transfer of the product into the rotating system is realized already at the inlet of the inflow pipe, which simplifies the construction of the inner drum.
However, it is also conceivable for the outflow system to be realized with the aid of one or more grippers preferably composed of plastic, which grippers, in the manner of centripetal pumps, conduct the one or more phases out of the drum.
In a refinement, at least one or more of the pipe elements of the drum is/are axially displaceable in the ring body, and a device for the detachable fixing of the pipe element in an axial position in the ring body is provided. In this way, the structure is stabilized for transportation in a simple manner, and cannot become detached. The securing action is released for the first time at the installation site, in order that the elements can rotate relative to one another. The design is expedient in the case of an inner drum, or else in the case of a drum without inner drum, for example in the manner of PCT International patent document WO 2014/000829 A1.
It is also advantageous if the transport lock is utilized during the dismounting of the drum. For this purpose, the transport lock is reactivated after/during dismounting of the inner drum, in order that the inner drum can be more easily dismounted and disposed of. Here, line ends may be closed off again (for example by adhesive bonding or clamping or detent action).
Overall, for handling reasons, it is advantageous if the entire inner drum, together with the inflow and outflow system, is configured as an exchangeable, preassembled module composed of plastic or of a plastics composite material. It is, however, also conceivable for limited local reinforcements (further in particular outer drums adjacent to the supporting structure) composed of metal to be provided, for example in the region of seals, in particular in the form of sleeves for reinforcing the pipes at the inside and/or at the outside at the seals. Said seals are optionally separated during recycling or disposal.
Here, the outer drum upper part should have a central opening that is large enough that it can be mounted preferably from above over the covering ring body with its inflow and outflow connectors and hoses possibly attached thereto, which hoses merely have to be connected after the mounting process. In this way, the mounting of the inner drum can be realized particularly easily and quickly after the removal of the outer drum upper part.
The means for the clarification of a product to be processed from a phase containing more solids per unit volume than the other phase is preferably in turn a partition disk assembly composed of conical partition disks composed of plastic, though may for example also be a unipartite clarification/separation insert composed of plastic in the manner of German patent document DE 10 2008 052 630 A1, or some other means for the clarification of a product of solid particles such as a rib body with radial ribs or the like. The separator drum is preferably utilized for further concentrating a product, that is to say, using the means for clarification, a phase containing a greater solids fraction per unit volume but which is preferably still just flowable is separated from a phase containing less solids. The expression “means for clarification” is thus to be interpreted relatively. It relates to this usage, too, wherein here, the means for clarification serves for further concentrating the product or obtaining a concentrated phase.
Altogether, it is also the case with the concept of the inner drum that some, and preferably even all, of those regions of the rotating system coming into contact with the product are composed of a plastic or of a plastics composite material, in particular the inner drum lower part and the inner drum upper part and the disk assembly. It is furthermore particularly preferable if the inflow system and the outflow system are composed of plastic or of a plastics composite material.
It is advantageous for all of those parts of the inner drum that rotate during operation, and the parts of the inflow and outflow system, which do not rotate during operation, of the inner drum, where the parts come into contact with product, to be composed entirely or partially of plastic, and for only a relatively small number of parts, for example plastics injection molded parts, to be provided overall—aside from seals that may have to be provided. These are preferably the inner drum lower part, the inner drum upper part, the distributor, the separation means (preferably the disk insert for the separation of solids), a separation disk and the discharge means. In addition, sealing rings may also be provided. In this way, a functional centrifuge drum composed of plastic is realized that is composed of only very few constituent parts, which makes the production and mounting thereof particularly simple. It would also be possible for the elements of separating disk and inner drum upper part to be formed in one piece. In this case, the drum upper part would be provided directly with one or more ducts through which, as is the case at a separating disk or similarly thereto, one or more phases can flow from a region of relatively large diameter in the drum to the tip thereof to a point of discharge from the rotating system.
Here, it is furthermore advantageous if the inner drum lower part and the inner drum upper part are non-detachably connected to one another at the initial assembly stage, in order to prevent attempts to disassemble them and possibly reuse them after insufficient cleaning. Instead, the inner drum is fully disposed of or recycled. A further advantage of this is that sterility is ensured. The design is preferably such that, before mounting and after dismounting, no air can enter into the inner drum from the outside.
With the concept of the inner drum, it is furthermore possible, as in PCT International patent document WO 2014/000829 A1, for a part of the drum, or preferably even the entire drum—preferably together with the inflow and outflow systems or regions—to be designed for single use, which is of interest and advantageous in particular with regard to the processing of pharmaceutical products such as fermentation broths or the like, because, after the operation for the processing of a corresponding product batch in preferably continuous operation during the processing of the product batch, no cleaning of the drum has to be performed and instead the drum as a whole is exchanged. Hygiene problems associated with cleaning are hereby eliminated in a simple manner. Those parts coming into contact with the product may be entirely disposed of or recycled. Disposal is of interest in particular in the case of hazardous substances. It is in turn also conceivable, in the case of a process of clarification of a product, for primarily a concentration of a product to be processed to be performed, and for the inner drum, after the processing of a batch, to be melted down or for example dissolved in an acid or the like in order to obtain the heavy substance as a residue of the process. Through the use of preferably thin-walled plastics parts, it is furthermore possible for production costs to be kept relatively low.
Here, in turn, it is advantageous and particularly hygienic if the entire drum, in particular also the inflow system and the outflow system thereof, is formed in a sealed type of construction.
As plastic, use is preferably made of a recyclable plastic, in particular PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) or TK-PEEK (in particular crystalline) polyether ether ketone. Also conceivable are inter alia (and this is not an exhaustive list) the materials PC (polycarbonate), MABS (methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and PSU (polysulfone).
It would be possible for the parts manufactured from plastic to be produced in an injection molding process and, if necessary, subjected to finish machining, for example provided with bores and the like, where necessary.
Screws and the like may also be composed of plastic, though may also be manufactured from some other material, in particular if they do not come into contact with the product during the processing.
The invention will be described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the figures, in which:
The housing 1 has a lower base part 3, a housing shell part 4 and preferably a top cover 5. The housing shell part 4 and the top cover may advantageously also be formed in one piece.
The base part 3 has, in turn, a leadthrough 6 through which a rotatable drive spindle 7 extends. A drive motor 8 is preferably arranged directly below the base part 3. The drive motor 8 serves for driving the drive spindle 7. Alternative refinements are conceivable, for example one in which the drive spindle 7 is driven by a drive belt or the like, wherein then, the drive motor is arranged at some other location. What is preferable, however, is a direct drive in particular in the manner of
In turn, the drum 2 is mounted on the vertically upper end of the drive spindle 7 so as to be non-rotatable relative to the drive spindle 7, such that the drum can be set in rotation by the drive spindle 7 and the drive motor 8. A terminal box 51 is arranged on the motor 8.
It would be possible for the drive spindle 7 to be mounted rotatably by way of one or more bearings in the housing 1, in this case in the base part 3. Here, however, a bearing arrangement of the type is advantageously omitted. Rather, a gap 9 is formed between the outer circumference of the drive spindle and the inner circumference of the leadthrough 6 of the base part 3. In this way, it is possible for a bearing arrangement of a drive shaft 10 in the motor housing of the drive motor 8, to which drive shaft the drive spindle 7 is fixed or on which drive shaft the drive spindle is formed in some other way, to easily also be utilized for the bearing arrangement of the entire rotating system composed of drum 2 and drive spindle 7. It is thus also preferable for the drive spindle 7 to be coupled directly to the drive output shaft of the motor, and for the drive spindle 7 to have no rotary bearing—for example no neck journal bearing and no foot bearing—on its outer circumference. It is preferably also the case that no spring system is provided for resilient support in the region of the drive spindle. A seal 72 serves for sealing the gap 9. The seal 72 may, for example, be a slip ring seal or some other suitable seal in the ring-shaped gap 9 between the parts 3, 7 that rotate relative to one another.
Below, the construction of the drum 2 will be discussed in more detail, which deviates considerably from the construction of known designs.
This is because the drum 2 has an outer drum 11, which may also be in the form of an outer drum section, and an inner drum 12. The inner drum 12 is exchangeably inserted into the outer drum 11.
It is preferably the case that the outer drum section or the outer drum 11 and the inner drum 12 are composed of different materials. The outer drum 11 is particularly preferably composed of metal, in particular of steel, and the inner drum 12 is preferably entirely or at least partially composed of a plastic or a plastics composite material.
Here, the outer drum 11 serves as a type of holder into which the inner drum 12 is inserted and which surrounds or encloses the inner drum 12 over the full circumference at least in sections in a vertical or axial direction. The outer drum 11 and the inner drum 12 are particularly preferably rotationally conjointly connected to one another. This may be realized by way of a positively locking and/or non-positively locking action between the outer drum 11 and the inner drum 12.
The outer drum 11 has an outer drum lower part 13 which may be, or in this case is, substantially formed without an inner drum, like the drum lower part of known separators. The outer drum lower part 13 is mounted rotationally conjointly on the drive spindle 7 and preferably has, at the inside, a singly or in this case particularly preferably doubly conical inner shape. The outer drum 11 furthermore preferably has an outer drum upper part 14. It is preferably the case that the outer drum lower part 13 and the outer drum upper part 14 have corresponding threads 71 in the region of which the outer drum lower part and outer drum upper part are directly screwed to one another. They may alternatively be connectable by way of a fastener ring. In this case, the thread of the outer drum lower part section is in the form of an internal thread of the drum lower part, and the thread of the outer drum upper part 14 is formed as a corresponding external thread. A parting plane is thus formed between the outer drum upper part 14 and the outer drum lower part 13.
The outer drum upper part 14 is likewise of conical form. It is furthermore in the form of a ring which, at the bottom, is connected rotationally conjointly to the outer drum lower part 13 and which is open in an upward direction, such that the inner drum 12 protrudes vertically or axially upward out of the outer drum, in this case out of the outer drum upper part 14.
It is preferably the case that the outer drum upper part 14 extends only into the conical section of the inner drum upper part 17, such that the latter still protrudes, by way of a part of its conical region (preferably by way of more than 20% of the vertical length of the region), vertically upwardly out of the outer drum upper part 14. It has been found that this already leads to very good rotational characteristics. The outer drum upper part can thus be reduced to a conical ring.
Since the outer drum lower part 13 and the outer drum upper part 14 are preferably composed of metal, in particular steel, and, preferably, at least the drum lower part is designed in the same way as that of a separator drum without inner drum 12, these can substantially offer the running smoothness and stability and safety of a known modern separator drum composed of metal. Since the outer drum 11 surrounds the inner drum 12 in sections or completely, the outer drum stabilizes the inner drum. In particular, the outer drum 11 advantageously contributes to an optimization of the running characteristics of the entire drum 2 during operation at high rotational speed. Furthermore, the wall thickness of the inner drum 12 may also be selected to be very much thinner than that of a plastics separator drum without outer drum 11, as proposed in PCT International patent document WO 2014/000829 A1.
By contrast, the inner drum 12 delimits, in an outward direction, the actual separation or centrifuging chamber 15 for the processing of a flowable product by centrifugation.
The inner drum 12 is, with regard to shaping, designed such that it, at the outside, bears preferably in substantially positively locking fashion directly against the inner circumference of the outer drum.
The inner drum 12 has an inner drum lower part 16 and an inner drum upper part 17. The inner drum lower part 16 and the inner drum upper part 17 are in each case of conical form, such that a doubly conical body is formed. The parts 16 and 17 are composed of plastic or of a plastics composite material and are connected to one another in liquid-tight fashion, in particular in the upper (inner drum lower part 16) and lower (inner drum upper part 17) flange regions 18, 19 (see
A non-detachable, in particular cohesive connection is preferably provided between the inner drum lower part 16 and the inner drum upper part 17 and possibly further elements of the inner drum 12, which cohesive connection may, within the meaning of this document, be realized for example by way of fusion or else by way of adhesive bonding.
Other types of connection that are non-detachable after the production process are also conceivable, for example a non-detachable bayonet fastener between the elements to be connected, specifically inner drum lower part 16 and inner drum upper part 17.
For this purpose, one or more first and second detents 60, 63 is or are provided either on the inner drum upper part 17 (
Other connection variants between the inner drum lower part 16 and the inner drum upper part 17 may also advantageously be realized, for example screw connections using plastics screws and nuts or the like (not illustrated here). A further expedient connection is one in which the inner drum lower part and the inner drum upper part are clamped together at the outer circumference by way of one or more clamps (not illustrated here). The types of connections between the inner drum parts 16, 17 are easy to handle, are inexpensive to realize and are nevertheless highly functionally reliable.
At least one preferably encircling sealing ring 64 may be arranged axially between flange regions 18, 19 between the inner drum lower part 16 and the inner drum upper part 17 in order to ensure the sealing action of the (plastics) inner drum.
The sealing ring 64 may be a separately inserted sealing ring or may be designed as a sealing ring strip that is injection-molded onto one or both of the flange regions.
In this case lower section 20 of the inner drum lower part 16 is adjoined axially upwardly by a distributor 21, in particular distributor neck, which is in the form of a separate part or which is integrally connected to the inner drum lower part, which distributor or distributor neck coaxially surrounds the axis of rotation D and forms a complete distributor for introducing the material for centrifuging into the inner drum interior chamber or centrifuging chamber 15 and for accelerating the material for centrifuging in a circumferential direction when the drum 2 rotates.
In the distributor, in particular distributor neck 21, there is formed, in the upper region, for example a bore in the form of a blind hole, into which bore an inflow pipe 23 opens. The inflow pipe 23 may also be integrally formed directly on the distributor neck, or may be formed directly in one piece therewith in some other way. The inflow pipe 23 and the distributor neck 21 form an inflow system that is preferably advantageously designed so as to be sealed off with respect to the surroundings. The inflow pipe 23 preferably protrudes axially upwardly out of the inner drum upper part 17 and rotates with the drum 2 during operation.
The distributor neck 21 opens at the lower end into one or more distributor ducts 24, which are formed obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation and which, in this case, open likewise obliquely into the centrifuging chamber 15 itself.
In the centrifuging chamber 15 there are arranged separation means or means for clarification, such as in particular a unipartite or preferably multi-part disk assembly 25 formed as a stack of axially spaced-apart partition disks 26 having a conical basic shape and which are preferably mounted in rotationally fixed fashion on the distributor neck 21. It would also be possible for the separation means for clarification to be of some other form, for example as rib bodies with radial or arcuate ribs. The partition disks 26 have identical or different radii.
The distributor 21 may also be formed in one piece with the means for clarification, if the means is in the form of a clarification insert composed of plastic with clarification chambers in the manner of German patent document DE 10 2008 052 630 A1. A product introduced into the inner drum interior chamber or centrifuging chamber 15 is, in the drum 2, separated into different, preferably two, product phases of different density.
For the discharge of the different product phases from the drum 2, use is made of an outflow system with two or more outflow regions.
Accordingly, a relatively light liquid phase flows radially inward and, there (see
At the bottom, a conical disk is attached to, in particular adhesively bonded to or integrally formed on, the pipe piece 29, which conical disk is arranged in the manner of an upper separating disk 30 above the partition disk assembly, wherein the conical disk is spaced apart from the drum upper part such that a gap is formed between the drum upper part and the separating disk. Here, at the lower end, a flange-like circumferential edge 31 (see
A relatively heavy liquid phase (or a solids phase that is still just capable of being discharged, in particular is still just somewhat flowable) is conducted from the region of the largest inner circumference of the drum interior chamber through one or more bores 32 in the radially outer region of the separating disk into the gap 33, which functions as a duct, between the inner drum upper part 17 and the separating disk, specifically preferably as far as into a second ring-shaped gap 34 between the pipe piece 29 surrounding the inflow pipe and an axial pipe neck 45 of the inner drum upper part 17.
The relatively heavy and the relatively light liquid phase flow out of the ring-shaped ducts 28, 34 upwardly in each case into ring-shaped chambers 35, 36, arranged axially one above the other, in a covering ring body 37 that is fastened non-rotatably (in a manner to be discussed in more detail below) to the housing 1. It is advantageous that, in this way, nozzles or the like which lead radially out of the drum for the purposes of discharging solids are omitted, such that there is no contact between the interior of the drum and the drum surroundings in the container 5.
The covering ring body 37 is preferably of stepped form and has, in its vertically upmost region, an attachment connector 38 as an attachment means for an inflow line (which can be seen in
Below the uppermost seal arrangement 40, the covering ring body 37 widens further at a next step. Here, between the inflow pipe 23 and the inner circumference of the covering ring body 37, below the uppermost seal arrangement 40 and above the middle seal arrangement 41, the middle ring-shaped chamber 36 is formed between the outer circumference of the inflow pipe 23 and the inner circumference of the covering ring body 37. The middle ring-shaped chamber serves for the discharge of the light liquid phase. For this purpose, a further attachment connector 43 may be formed on the covering ring body 37, which further attachment connector extends preferably radially away from the rest of the covering ring body 37. The pipe end adjoining the separating disk 30 opens into the ring-shaped chamber 36 from below. The middle seal arrangement 41 is arranged between the outer circumference of the pipe piece 29 and the inner circumference of the covering ring body 37.
Below the middle seal arrangement 41, the covering ring body 37 widens yet further at a next step. Here, between the outer circumference of the pipe piece 29 and the inner circumference of the covering ring body 37, below the middle seal arrangement 41 and above the lower seal arrangement 42, the ring-shaped chamber 35 is formed between the outer circumference of the pipe piece 29 and the inner circumference of the covering ring body 37. The lower ring-shaped chamber 35 serves for the discharge of a relatively heavy liquid phase, in relation to the relatively light liquid phase, from the rotating system.
For this purpose, a further attachment connector 44 may be formed on the covering ring body 37, which further attachment connector extends (in this case obliquely) preferably radially away from the rest of the covering ring body 37. The lower seal arrangement 42 is arranged between the outer circumference of the pipe neck 45 of the inner drum upper part 17 and the inner circumference of the covering ring body 37.
On the seal arrangements 40, 41, 42 there may be formed leakage chambers 80 from which leakage fluid can flow out of the rotating system through attachment connectors 81, wherein, in turn, lines and/or leakage containers are connected to the attachment connectors 81.
Below the seal arrangement the ring body 37 widens yet further. The ring body is fixed by way of fastening means at its lower circumferential edge to an upper opening of the housing, which is extended through by the ring body and by the pipe neck 45 and by the elements that extend through the inside of the pipe neck. This fixing may be realized, for example, by way of circumferentially distributed screws 22 fixedly screwed to the housing 1. For this purpose, the covering ring body 37 may have corresponding threaded screw receptacles 73 (
In order for the inner drum 12 and the outer drum 11 to be easily connected to one another rotationally conjointly but detachably in a standstill state, it may be provided that the inner drum 12 is connected to the outer drum 11 in positively locking and/or non-positively locking fashion.
A non-positively locking connection may be realized in a simple manner by virtue of the flange regions 18 and 19 and the outer edge 31 of the separating disk 30 extending as far as into the screw-connection region between the outer drum lower part and the outer drum upper part, where they bear in each case against steps of the parts and are, during the screw connection of the drum upper part in the drum lower part, clamped between these with screw action (
In this way, a part, or preferably even all, of those regions of the rotating system coming into contact with the product, in particular the inner drum lower part 16 and the inner drum upper part 17, is/are composed of plastic or plastics composite material. It is furthermore particularly preferably that the partition disk 26 is composed of plastic, and also all of those regions of the inflow system and of the outflow system coming into contact with the product, even if the regions do not rotate during operation. In this way, it is possible for the inner drum 12 to be disposed of after the processing of an adequately large product batch. The preferably metallic outer drum 11 is, by contrast, reused. Since the outer drum cannot come into contact with product during operation, the cleaning thereof is very straightforward or of less importance. Due to the outer drum 11, the inner drum 12 can be designed with very thin walls. In the case of complete disposal, correspondingly very little plastics waste is generated.
In this way, it is preferably the case that the entire or almost the entire inner drum together with the inflow and outflow system is designed as an exchangeable, preassembled module composed of plastic or of a plastics composite material.
Here, the outer drum 11 serves substantially as a holder for the inner drum 12, which in particular improves the running characteristics of the inner drum 12.
The design of the outer drum upper part as a ring will be optimized in tests. Here, it is possible to determine the conical region into which the ring-shaped outer drum cover or the outer drum upper part must, in an upward direction, surround the inner drum upper part.
Below, the construction of the housing 1 will be considered in more detail once again. The housing 1 has a base part 3, a preferably cylindrical housing shell part 4 and the cover 5. The housing comes into contact with the plastics region, which can be disposed of after operation, only in the region of the covering ring body 37.
The base part 3 is in this case in the form of a separate base plate 46. It is preferable—but not imperative—for the base plate 46 to be of circular form. The housing shell part 4 is arranged on the base part. Here, an edge region of the base serves as a flange-like rest surface 47 for a lower flange section 48 of the housing shell part 4, which in this case, in a preferred refinement, is cylindrical. The housing shell part 4 furthermore has an upper flange section 49, to which the cover 5 is fixedly screwed.
The base 3 may be utilized for support on a counter-bearing (not illustrated here) such as a foundation or a machine frame. For this purpose, it is furthermore the case that bores 74 are formed in the flange section 48, at which bores the flange section can be fixed to the counter-bearing (for example by way of screws that are not illustrated here).
It is advantageous that the housing 1 has an outflow opening 59, preferably in its base part 3, through which outflow opening it is possible, if necessary, for liquid, which collects in the housing for example owing to an unpredicted leakage or for some other reason, to flow out. For this purpose, a discharge line such as an outflow hose may be arranged on a connector of the opening 59 for the purposes of discharging the liquid into a container.
A particularly compact structural form is realized in that—as already discussed in the introduction—the drive motor is preferably an electric motor arranged directly in an axial elongation of the drive spindle 7, preferably at the side averted from the drum. The drive spindle 7 is preferably connected directly axially to the drive output shaft 10 by way of a bolt. The drive spindle is furthermore connected rotationally conjointly (not illustrated here) in a circumferential direction to the drive output shaft of the electric motor by way of a torque transmission means, preferably a feather key. The torque transmission means may also be of some other form, for example in the form of a torque transmission contour (in each case not illustrated here).
The rotatable drum 2 may be connected to the drive spindle structure 7 by way of an interference fit (for example in a conical section), or by way of some other torque transmission means (not illustrated here). Here, the motor 8, at its side facing toward the drive spindle 7, is furthermore fastened, for example screwed by way of screw bolts, by way of a flange section 50 to the base part of the housing 1.
Advantageous possibilities for a transport lock of the rotating system composed of plastic will finally be described in more detail below. As discussed above, it is possible for the rotating system composed of plastic to be exchanged from time to time. For this purpose, the invention also provides a device for at least axially securing the covering ring body 37 to an element of the rotating system of the separator of the inner drum in any case in the transport state, that is to say in the state not mounted in the outer drum and in the housing 1.
Since the ring body, as a part that does not rotate during operation, is connected merely by way of the seal arrangements 40, 41, 42 to the parts that rotate during operation and with which the ring body forms ring-shaped chambers, there would, without a means for an at least axial transport lock, be the risk of the covering ring body 37 becoming axially detached. By contrast, during operation, the risk does not exist because the inner drum 12 is supported via the outer drum lower part on the motor and via the latter on the housing 1, and the covering ring body 37 is supported directly on the housing 1, and these are consequently adequately fixed in position relative to one another.
Here, the axial transport lock is based on non-positive locking and/or positive locking.
In the case of
In the case of
For attachment, the covering ring body 37 must be rotated such that the web 55 is aligned with a radial groove 57 above the ring-shaped groove 54. In the position, the discharge pipe can be pulled into its operating position illustrated by non-dashed lines (see
In the case of
The housing has a second parting plane at the cover 5 that is fixed by way of suitable fastening means, in this case by way of screws 66, to a flange 67 on the upper edge of the housing shell part 4.
It is also advantageous but not imperative (and this applies both to
The covering ring body 37 is in turn fixed by way of fastening means at its lower circumferential edge at the opening 68 to a counter-bearing, preferably to the cover 5. The fixing is in turn preferably realized—as in
An exchange of those parts which make contact with the product during operation and which are preferably designed as a “single-use separator” for one-off processing of a product batch, in particular of the drum composed of plastic, in this case of the inner drum 12, and of the covering ring body 37, can be performed particularly easily.
For the exchange of the elements, it is firstly the case that the lines (not illustrated) on the covering ring body 37 are detached, or the lines are detached at the other end thereof, or the lines are severed. Then, the free ends of the lines or connectors are closed off, which may be realized for example by way of clamps or by way of welding.
Then, the connection between the covering ring body 37 and the cover 5 of the housing is released, and the connection between the base part 3 and the housing shell part 4 is released. In this state, the housing shell part 4 and the cover 5 can be jointly removed from the base part 3 of the housing 1 in a (vertically) upward direction, wherein connectors and line pieces that may still be present on the covering ring body 37 are also pulled through the opening 68 of the cover 5. It would also be possible for the cover to be of split form. The ring body 37 can then be designed to be somewhat smaller, and the outer drum upper part can be extended somewhat further inward, or can be somewhat axially longer.
The drum is then exposed. In this state, the supporting structure can be detached. In
Those parts contacting the product can now be removed, as an exchangeable preassembled unit, from the outer drum lower part 13 and exchanged for corresponding new components. Then, the inner drum is mounted again, and locked rotationally conjointly on the outer drum, by virtue of the outer drum upper part 14 being placed on. The outer drum upper part 14 preferably has a central opening 69 large enough that the covering ring body 37 can be pushed vertically through the opening 69, or large enough that the cover can be mounted vertically from above. Since the parting planes between the base part 3 and the housing shell part 4, on the one hand, and between the outer drum lower part 13 and the outer drum upper part 14 lie in a plane or almost in a plane (the offset of the planes is preferably less than 250 mm), the connection between the outer drum lower part 13 and the outer drum upper part 14 is particularly easily accessible after the removal of the cover 5 with the housing shell part 4 from the base part 3, which makes the exchange of the inner drum very straightforward and safe. It would also be conceivable for a bolt or the like, which is fastened to the housing, to be designed such that it can be pushed out such that the drum lower part of the outer drum is immobilized. This, too, considerably simplifies the assembly process.
The housing 1 may in turn be supported on a machine frame 70. It would also be possible for the housing 1 and the machine frame 70 to be cohesively connected. The machine frame is preferably formed in the manner of a table.
In
Although the present invention has been described above by means of embodiments with reference to the enclosed drawings, it is understood that various changes and developments can be implemented without leaving the scope of the present invention, as it is defined in the enclosed claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2014 107 605.2 | May 2014 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2015/061601 | 5/26/2015 | WO | 00 |
