Patent Grant
10323428
Conventional construction is conducted in the field at the building job site. People in various trades (e.g., carpenters, electricians, and plumbers) measure, cut, and install material as though each unit were one-of-a-kind. Furthermore, activities performed by the trades are arranged in a linear sequence. The result is a time-consuming process that increases the risk of waste, installation imperfections, and cost overruns. One approach to improving efficiency in building construction may be modular construction. In the case of buildings with multiple dwelling units (e.g., apartments, hotels, student dorms, etc.), entire dwelling units (referred to as modules) may be built off-site in a factory and then trucked to the job site. The modules are then stacked and connected together, generally resulting in a low-rise construction (e.g., between one and six stories). Other modular construction techniques may involve the building of large components of the individual units off-site (e.g., in a factory) and assembling the large components in the field to reduce the overall construction effort at the job site and thereby reducing the overall time of erecting the building. However, shortcomings may exist with known modular building technologies and improvements thereof may be desirable.
Techniques are generally described that include methods and systems relating to building construction and more specifically relating to constructing a building from prefabricated components. An example method may include assembling a building from prefabricated components. The method may include erecting a first plurality of columns spatially separated along a first line, erecting a second plurality of columns spatially separated along a second line, coupling a plurality of beams to and between the first and second pluralities of columns, coupling a prefabricated floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of beams, coupling a prefabricated demising wall above and along at least one of the plurality of beams positioned between the ends of adjacent prefabricated floor panels, and coupling a prefabricated end wall above and along at least one of the plurality of beams positioned at a terminal end of the building. Each beam of the plurality of beams may extend between one column of the first plurality of columns and an opposing column of the second plurality of columns such that the plurality of beams extend substantially parallel to one another. The prefabricated floor panel may include opposite ends and opposite sides extending between the opposite ends, wherein the opposite ends of each prefabricated floor panel are coupled to adjacent beams, and wherein the prefabricated floor panel includes a plurality of joists in a spaced arrangement and extending between the opposite ends.
In some examples, the method may include coupling a second plurality of beams to and between the first and second pluralities of columns, each beam of the second plurality of beams extending above and along at least one prefabricated demising wall or at least one prefabricated end wall. The method may include coupling a prefabricated second floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the second plurality of beams. The method may include coupling a prefabricated second demising wall above and along at least one of the second plurality of beams positioned between the ends of adjacent prefabricated second floor panels. The method may include coupling a prefabricated second end wall above and along at least one of the second plurality of beams positioned at a terminal end of the building. The method may include coupling a prefabricated utility wall along a terminal side of the building, each prefabricated utility wall coupled to at least one of the prefabricated floor panels and at least one of the prefabricated second floor panels positioned adjacent the terminal side of the building.
In some examples, one of the opposite sides of each prefabricated floor panel positioned adjacent a terminal side of the building may define an outer side arranged to sealingly receive a window along its length.
In some examples, coupling the prefabricated floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of beams may include coupling a plurality of prefabricated floor panels to and between each pair of adjacent beams of the plurality of beams, the plurality of prefabricated floor panels abutting one another along the sides of the plurality of prefabricated floor panels. Coupling the plurality of prefabricated floor panels to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of beams may include coupling three prefabricated floor panels to and between each pair of adjacent beams.
In some examples, the second line may extend substantially parallel to the first line.
Another example method includes assembling a building from prefabricated components, the building including a length and a width defining terminal ends and terminal sides of the building, respectively. The method may include erecting first and second rows of columns along the length of the building, attaching a plurality of floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of floor beams extend substantially parallel to one another along the width of the building, attaching a prefabricated floor panel to and between adjacent floor beams of the plurality of floor beams, attaching a prefabricated demising wall to and along at least one of the plurality of floor beams positioned between adjacent prefabricated floor panels, attaching a prefabricated end wall to and along at least one of the plurality of floor beams positioned at a terminal end of the building, attaching a plurality of vertically adjacent floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns, and repeating steps 3-6 above in sequence until the building includes a desired number of stories. The plurality of vertically adjacent floor beams may be attached to and along the tops of the prefabricated demising and end walls of the vertically subjacent story.
In some examples, the method may include attaching at least one prefabricated utility wall along one of the terminal sides of the building, each prefabricated utility wall serving at least two stories of the building. The method may include attaching a window wall along the terminal side of the building opposing the at least one prefabricated utility wall.
In some examples, the first and second rows of columns may be erected substantially parallel to each other.
In some examples, the repeating step may include extending the lengths of the columns to achieve the desired number of stories.
Another example method includes assembling a building of n stories from prefabricated components, the building including a length and a width. The method may include erecting first and second rows of columns along the length of the building, installing a plurality of first floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of first floor beams extend along the width of the building, installing a prefabricated first floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of first floor beams, installing a prefabricated first floor demising wall above and along at least one of the plurality of first floor beams positioned between adjacent prefabricated first floor panels, installing a prefabricated first floor end wall above and along at least one of the plurality of first floor beams positioned at terminal ends of the building, installing a plurality of second floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of second floor beams extend along the width of the building, installing a prefabricated second floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of second floor beams, installing a prefabricated second floor demising wall above and along at least one of the plurality of second floor beams positioned between adjacent prefabricated second floor panels, installing a prefabricated second floor end wall above and along at least one of the plurality of second floor beams positioned at terminal ends of the building, installing a plurality of third floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of third floor beams extend along the width of the building, installing a prefabricated utility wall along a terminal side of the building, each prefabricated utility wall serving two stories of the building, and repeating the above steps until the building includes n stories. The second floor beams may extend above and along the prefabricated first floor demising walls and the prefabricated first floor end walls. The third floor beams may extend above and along the prefabricated second floor demising walls and the prefabricated second floor end walls.
In some examples, the repeating step may include extending the lengths of the columns to accommodate n stories.
In some examples, the method may include installing a window wall along a terminal side of the building opposite the prefabricated utility wall. Installing the window wall may include attaching a window along corresponding tracks pre-installed on the prefabricated floor panels.
The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several examples in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings, in which:
all arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative examples described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other examples may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are implicitly contemplated herein.
This disclosure is drawn, inter alia, to methods, systems, products, devices, and/or apparatus generally related to constructing a building from prefabricated components. In some examples, the prefabricated components may be assembled off-site (such as in a shop) and then transported to the building site for constructing a building. At the building site, the prefabricated components may be attached together and/or to a building frame, either directly or indirectly. The building frame may be an external frame. The term external frame, also referred to as external structural frame, will be understood to refer to a structural frame of a building which is arranged generally externally to the envelope of the building. This is, in contrast to other types of structural frames that include vertical and horizontal load bearing members located within the perimeter defined by the building envelope, as is typical in timber construction for example, the external frame is arranged outside the perimeter of the building envelope. As is generally known in the field of structural engineering, the structural frame is the load-resisting or load-beating system of a building which transfers loads (e.g., vertical and lateral loads) into the foundation of the building trough interconnected structural components (e.g., load bearing members, such as beams, columns, load-bearing walls, etc.).
In some examples of the present disclosure, a sequence for constructing a building from prefabricated components is provided. For example, according to various examples described herein, a method of assembling a building from prefabricated components is provided. As described herein, the method includes erecting a structural frame and coupling a plurality of prefabricated components to the frame. In this manner, the building may be constructed with improved efficiency and/or reduced cost compared to typical multi-story building construction. For example, the building sequence disclosed herein may remove one or more steps from a conventional building construction process, such as removing the step of pouring/curing concrete walls and floors as is typical in some multi-story building construction.
As one example, the method may include erecting a first plurality of columns spatially separated along a first line, erecting a second plurality of columns spatially separated along a second line, coupling a plurality of beams to and between the first and second pluralities of columns, coupling a prefabricated floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of beams, coupling a prefabricated demising wall above and along at least one of the plurality of beams positioned between the ends of adjacent prefabricated floor panels, and coupling a prefabricated end wall above and along at least one of the plurality of beams positioned at a terminal end of the building. Each beam of the plurality of beams may extend between one column of the first plurality of columns and an opposing column of the second plurality of columns such that the plurality of beams extend substantially parallel to one another. The prefabricated floor panel may include opposite ends and opposite sides extending between the opposite ends, wherein the opposite ends of each prefabricated floor panel are coupled to adjacent beams, and wherein the prefabricated floor panel includes a plurality of joists in a spaced arrangement and extending between the opposite ends
As another example, the method may include erecting first and second rows of columns along the length of the building, attaching a plurality of floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of floor beams extend substantially parallel to one another along the width of the building, attaching a prefabricated floor panel to and between adjacent floor beams of the plurality of floor beams, attaching a prefabricated demising wall to and along at least one of the plurality of floor beams positioned between adjacent prefabricated floor panels, attaching a prefabricated end wall to and along at least one of the plurality of floor beams positioned at a terminal end of the building, attaching a plurality of vertically adjacent floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns, and repeating steps 3-6 above in sequence until the building includes a desired number of stories. In some examples, the vertically adjacent floor beams may be attached to and along the tops of the prefabricated demising and end walls of the vertically subjacent story.
As another example, the method may include erecting first and second rows of columns along the length of the building, installing a plurality of first floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of first floor beams extend along the width of the building, installing a prefabricated first floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of first floor beams, installing a prefabricated first floor demising wall above and along at least one of the plurality of first floor beams positioned between adjacent prefabricated first floor panels, installing a prefabricated first floor end wall above and along at least one of the plurality of first floor beams positioned at terminal ends of the building, installing a plurality of second floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of second floor beams extend along the width of the building, installing a prefabricated second floor panel to and between adjacent beams of the plurality of second floor beams, installing a prefabricated second floor demising wall above and along at least one of the plurality of second floor beams positioned between adjacent prefabricated second floor panels, installing a prefabricated second floor end wall above and along at least one of the plurality of second floor beams positioned at terminal ends of the building, installing a plurality of third floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns such that the plurality of third floor beams extend along the width of the building, installing a prefabricated utility wall along a terminal side of the building, each prefabricated utility wall serving two stories of the building, and repeating the above steps until the building includes n stories. The second floor beams may extend above and along the prefabricated first floor demising walls and the prefabricated first floor end walls. The third floor beams may extend above and along the prefabricated second floor demising walls and the prefabricated second floor end walls.
In referring now to the drawings, repeating units of the same kind or generally fungible kind are designated by the part number and a letter (e.g., 214n), where the letters “a”, “b”, “c” and so on refer to a discrete number of the repeating items. General reference to the part number followed by the letter “n” indicates there is no predetermined or established limit to the number of items intended. The parts are listed as “a-n” referring to starting at “a” and ending at any desired number “n”.
Using prefabricated components 106, the building 100 may be constructed or assembled in reduced time and with a reduced amount of waste when compared to traditional construction methods. For example, in typical multi-story building construction, the various systems of a building may be constructed or assembled in situ, sometimes requiring large or vast storage and staging areas, numerous tools and construction equipment, as well as complicated (and inefficient) inventory and scheduling management. Large amounts of waste are also produced in typical multi-story building construction as each system is assembled or constructed on site. This waste may be detrimental to the construction process, such as increasing building costs and/or cluttering the construction area, which may cause otherwise preventable injuries from trips and falls.
On the other hand, implementing the various examples herein may reduce waste and reduce the time necessary to construct building 100. For example, and without limitation, because the various prefabricated components 106 fit, or are otherwise coupled, together, there is little to no construction waste produced at the jobsite, thereby creating a cleaner (and more efficient) jobsite. The examples of the present disclosure may also require storage and staging areas that are substantially smaller than those of typical multi-story building construction. For example, the prefabricated components 106 may be lifted off of a delivery truck and immediately placed in position without requiring preparation of the components in a staging area. Thus, the examples of the present disclosure may be beneficial for building sites where there is little to no room for storage or staging areas, such as in crowded metropolitan areas.
As shown in
The building units 110 may be standardized and repetitive, or unique and individualized. Mixed units of standard size and shape may be combined with unique units in the same story 104, or in independent arrangement on separate stories 104. Additionally or alternatively, the building units 110 of each story 104 may be repetitive or mixed. For example, each building unit 110 on one story 104 may be identical to one another. In such examples, each building unit 110 on another story 104 may be identical to one another but different from other stories 104. Additionally or alternatively, a story 104 of the building 100 may include multiple building units 110 with a building unit 110 of the story 104 assembled differently than at least another building unit 110 of the same story 104. In one example, the building units 110 on the same end of the building 100 may be assembled identically. In other examples, the building units 110 within the interior of each story 104 may be assembled identically. In some examples, each vertically adjacent building unit 110 may be assembled identically. The foregoing examples are meant to be illustrative only, and the building units 110 of the building 100 may be assembled in accordance with any permutation or combination of configurations.
With continued reference to
The beams 122 may extend between and be attached to adjacent columns 120 to at least partially define a structural framework of the building 100. For example, the structural frame 102 may include first and second rows of columns 124, 126 extending along the length L of the building 100, and a plurality of beams 122 coupled to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126 such that the beams 122 extend substantially parallel to one another along the width W of the building 100. The first row of columns 124, which may be referred to as a first plurality of columns, may be spatially separated along a first line. Similarly, and the second row of columns 126, which may be referred to as a second plurality of columns, may be spatially separated along a second line.
In some embodiments, a plurality of beams 122 may be attached or otherwise coupled to the columns 122 (e.g., to the first and second rows of columns 124, 126) to define a structural framework for each story 104 of the building 100. For example, a plurality of first floor beams 130 may be installed to and between the columns 120 (e.g., to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126) to at least partially define a structural framework for a first story 104A of the building 100. Similarly, a plurality of vertically adjacent beams 122, such as a plurality of second floor beams 132, may be installed to and between the columns 120 (e.g., to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126) to at least partially define a structural framework for a vertically adjacent story 104 (e.g., a second story 104B) of the building 100. In like manner, a plurality of third floor beams 134 may be installed to and between the columns 120 (e.g., to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126) to at least partially define a structure framework for a third story 104C of the building 100. This framework may be repeated to define a desired number of stories 104 of the building 100, such as up to an nth story 104N of the building 100, as explained below. Depending on the particular application, the beams 122 of a vertically adjacent story 104 may extend above and along the walls of the vertically subjacent story 104, as explained more fully below.
The beams 122 may be attached or otherwise coupled to the columns 120 in substantially any suitable manner, such as by welding and/or by bolting the components together. In such examples, various prefabricated components 106 (e.g., prefabricated floors and walls) may be attached or otherwise coupled to the beams 122 and/or to the columns 120. For example, as detailed below, prefabricated floors and walls may be attached or otherwise coupled to the beams 122 and/or to the columns 120 to define the various building units 110 of each story 104 of the building 100.
In some embodiments, the structural frame 102 may include additional structural elements, such as one or more cross braces 136 extending between, such as obliquely to, the columns 120 and the beams 122, to provide additional stiffness to the structural frame 102, such as increasing the lateral stability of the building 100. The structural frame 102 may be configured to provide most, or substantially all, the structural support for the building 100. In some embodiments, the structural frame 102 may provide a desired aesthetic appeal (e.g., architectural design, decoration, etc.) or added support to the building 100.
The various components shown in
Each building unit 110 includes a unit width WUnit and a unit length LUnit extending along the building's width W and length L, respectively. In at least one example, a studio residence may include a first length L1, a one-bedroom residence may include a second length L2, and a 2-bedroom residence may include a third length L3. The third length L3 may be greater than the second length L2. The second length L2 may be greater than the first length L1. The unit width WUnit of each building unit 110 may be arranged depending on the particular building arrangement. For example, each building unit 110 on the same story 104 may include the same unit width WUnit. In some examples, each building unit 110 in the building 100 may include the same unit width WUnit.
Depending on the particular application, each story 104 of the building 100 may include building units 110 assembled in accordance with the various floor plans of one or more of the first, second, and third pluralities of building units 140, 142, 144. For example, each story 104 of the building 100 may be assembled to include any combination of studio, one-bedroom, and two-bedroom residences. For example, as shown in
Each floor plan includes a plurality of prefabricated floor panels 150 and a plurality of prefabricated walls 152 (such as any suitable combination of prefabricated demising walls 154, end walls 156, window walls 158, utility walls 160, as explained below). Each floor plan is designed to provide a desired characteristic of the respective building unit 110. For example, each floor plan may be designed to provide the unit width WUnit, the unit length LUnit, and/or a desired look and feel (e.g., flow) of the building unit 110, among others. The various components and floor plans shown in
As described herein, the prefabricated walls 152 may include walls that partition the building 100 into the various building units 110, walls that partition the interior of each building unit 110 into two or more rooms, walls that include utility components, walls that include window components, walls that define terminal ends of the building 100, and others. Walls that define partitions between building units 110 may be referred to as demising walls (e.g., demising wall 154). In a preferred example, the demising walls 154 are internal walls positioned within the envelope of the building 100 such that the walls are not exposed to the elements. In similar fashion, walls that include utility components may be referred to as utility walls (e.g., utility wall 160), walls that include window components, such as one or more windows, may be referred to as window walls (e.g., window wall 158), and walls that define the terminal ends of the building 100 may be referred to as end walls (e.g., end wall 156). In such examples, the utility and window walls 160, 158 may define the terminal sides of the building 100. In some examples, the utility walls 160, window walls 158, and/or end walls 156 may be positioned around at least a portion of the perimeter of the building 100 to at least partially define the envelope of the building 100.
In some examples, each wall 152 may be prefabricated for a single purpose. For instance, the utility components (e.g., plumbing, sewer, electrical) of the building 100 may run through only the utility walls 160, the window components of the building 100 may be arranged within only the window walls 158, and so on. As further example, the end walls 156 may be prefabricated to enclose only the opposite ends of the building 100 to define the length L of the building 100. In such examples, the utility walls 160 and the window walls 158 may be prefabricated to enclose the opposite sides of the building 100 to define the building's width W.
The prefabricated floor panels 150 and the prefabricated walls 152 (e.g., the prefabricated demising walls 154, utility walls 160, and/or end walls 156) may be configured to reduce the overall number of separate parts delivered to the jobsite as may be required to construct the floor and wall systems of the building 100. For example, the floor panels 150 include all components or substantially all of the components (e.g., except finished floor surfaces, including the finished floor surfaces, etc.) for a floor system of the building 100. In like manner, the prefabricated walls 152 (e.g. the prefabricated demising walls 154, utility walls 160, and/or end walls 156) may include most or all of the components (e.g., except finished wall surfaces, including finished wall surfaces, etc.) for a wall system of the building 100. According to some examples herein, the floor panels 150 may be sized such that they span a portion or a full length of a building unit 110, such as a full length between opposite walls of the building unit 110, which in some cases may correspond to the opposite exterior walls of the building 100. In some examples, the floor panels 150 may be sized such that two or more floor panels 150 (e.g., two floor panels 150, three floor panels 150, six floor panels 150, etc.) are joined together to form the floor system of an entire building unit 110 and/or story 104 of the building 100. For example, two or more floor panels 150 may be joined side-to-side to define one of the dimensions of the building unit 110 (e.g., the unit width WUnit) while the other dimension may be defined by the length of one or more floor panels 150 connected on end.
On the other hand, the present disclosure describes prefabricated components and methods for building construction and specifically for constructing a building 100 using prefabricated walls 152 and floor panels 150, and without the use of onsite floor and wall construction. In one example, floor systems implementing the examples herein may weigh and cost significantly less, such as weighing about 10 lb/ft2 and costing about $10/ft2. In addition, floor systems implementing the examples herein may be significantly faster to construct compared to conventional slab construction. Similar results may be achieved implementing the prefabricated wall systems described herein.
The floor panels 150 may be prefabricated in any suitable manner. As one example,
As an example of an outer layer 172, a floor layer 176 may be disposed over and attached to the frame 170, such as attached to a top side of the frame 170. As an additional or alternative example of an outer layer 172, a ceiling layer 178 may be disposed below and attached to the frame 170, such as attached to a bottom side of the frame 170. In such embodiments, the floor layer 176 may support a floor material (e.g., a floor finish) of an upper story 104, and the ceiling layer 178 may support a ceiling material (e.g., a ceiling finish) of a lower story 104. In this manner, once installed in the building 100, each floor panel 150 may provide a floor and a ceiling for two vertically adjacent building units 110. For example, the floor layer 176 of each floor panel 150 may define the floor of an upper building unit 110 or story 104 of the building 100, and the ceiling layer 178 of each floor panel 150 may define the ceiling of a lower building unit 110 or story 104. In one embodiment, each of the floor and ceiling layers 176, 178 may include one or more stacked layers of boards or material, such as drywall, particle board, OSB, or the like.
Each floor panel 150 may take on any suitable shape or configuration. For instance, and without limitation, each floor panel 150 may be quadrilateral in shape and may include opposite ends 190 and opposite sides 192 extending between the opposite ends 190 (see
Each floor panel 150 may be operable to carry loads (e.g., diaphragm loads) to the structural frame 102. For example, to provide structural rigidity and strength to the floor panels 150, the frame 170 of each floor panel 150 may include a plurality of joists 194 extending between the opposite ends 190 of the floor panel 150 and in spaced arrangement along the width of the floor panel 150 (such as equidistantly spaced between the opposite sides 192 of the floor panel 150). In such embodiments, the joists 194 may define supporting members that span between the opposite ends 190 of the floor panel 150 to support the floor and ceiling layers 176, 178 of the floor panel 150. For instance, each of the floor and ceiling layers 176, 178 of the floor panel 150 may be attached to the joists 194 (e.g., via adhesive, fasteners, or the like). The joists 194 may be arranged generally parallel to one another, such as along the length of the floor panel 150. In some examples, the joists 194 may be spaced at regular intervals along the width of the floor panel 150 (e.g., on 6 inch centers, on 12 inch centers, on 16 inch centers, on 36 inch centers, etc.) to define a joist cavity 196 between adjacent joists 194. In such embodiments, the joist cavities 196 may accommodate plumbing, wiring, HVAC ductwork, or other elements that support dwelling or commercial activities in the building 100. For example, the insulative material 174 may be positioned within the joist cavities 196 to provide a degree of thermal insulation and/or sound deadening quality to the floor panel 150.
Each floor panel 150 may be fabricated using discrete (e.g., separable) pre-manufactured construction elements (e.g., boards, studs, paneling, etc.), which may be fabricated offsite, such as in a factory or other location remote from the construction site. According to the present disclosure, each floor panel 150 is prefabricated (e.g., in a factory) and delivered to the construction site for installation as part of the building 100. Each floor panel 150 may be formed of any suitable material. For example, the frame 170 may be formed from metal, such as aluminum or steel. In some embodiments, the frame 170 may be formed of a non-metallic material, such as wood, plastic, fiber reinforced composites, or other material. In the illustrated example of
The frame 170 may be arranged to suit the particular needs of a building project. For instance, the number of joists 194, the spacing of the joists 194, the length of the joists 194 (which also defines the length of the floor panel 150), and/or the lengths of the opposite ends 190 of the floor panel 150 may be selected based on the load and/or dimensional requirements of the floor panel 150. For example, a higher load requirement may require a greater number of joists 194, and vice-versa. Similarly, a wider floor panel 150 may require a greater number of joists 194, and vice-versa. In examples where the joists 194 are metal, the height of the web 198, the width of the flanges 200, and/or the thickness (gage) of the metal may be varied as needed. Accordingly, the specific configuration illustrated in
As shown in
To aid construction efficiency, in some embodiments, the floor panels 150 may be arranged to be installed in any position of the floor system 230. In this manner, the floor panels 150 may be interchangeable with each other, which may reduce installation time (and costs). In some embodiments, the floor panels 150 may be individualized for a particular position within the floor system 230. For example, one floor panel 150 may be arranged to be installed only adjacent a utility wall 160, such as in examples where the floor panel 150 is prefabricated to include plumbing components (e.g., shower pans, sink drains, etc.). In like manner, another floor panel 150 may be arranged to be installed only adjacent a window wall 158, such as in examples where the floor panel 150 is prefabricated to include sealing tracks for a window.
The floor panels 150 may be installed in any suitable manner. For example, the floor panels 150 may be attached or otherwise coupled to the structural frame 102 (e.g., to the beams 122 of the structural frame 102). According to at least one example of the present disclosure, the floor panels 150 may be installed to and between adjacent beams 122 in a manner to support anticipated loads thereon (e.g., building occupants, furniture, furnishings, etc.). For example, the connection structures of the floor panels 150 may facilitate the opposite ends 190 of the floor panels 150 to be attached or otherwise coupled to adjacent beams 122, such as by welding, bolting, interlocking structural features or other suitable manner.
Like the prefabricated floor panels 150, the prefabricated walls 152 may be configured to be installed in interchangeable positions or may be configured to be installed in specific locations. For instance, and without limitation, the plurality of prefabricated walls 152 may include one or more prefabricated utility walls (e.g., utility wall 160) arranged to provide utilities (e.g., water, sewer, electrical, etc.) to each building unit 110, one or more prefabricated demising walls (e.g., demising wall 154) arranged to partition each story 104 into two or more building units 110, one or more window walls (e.g., window wall 158), one or more prefabricated end walls (e.g., end wall 156) arranged to define the terminal ends of each story 104 of the building 100, or any combination thereof. In such embodiments, the utility, demising, window, and end walls 160, 154, 158, 156, may be installed interchangeably within the various building units 110. For example, and without limitation, the demising wall 154 of one building unit 110 may be used interchangeably for the demising wall 154 of another building unit 110. In some embodiments, the utility, demising, window, and end walls 160, 154, 158, 156, may be configured to be installed in particular building units 110 in accordance with a floor plan. For example, and without limitation, one building unit 110 may be designed to include a relatively shorter unit length LUnit requiring a relatively shorter utility wall 160 and/or window wall 158 in length. Similarly, another building unit 110 may be designed to include a relatively longer unit length LUnit requiring a relatively longer utility wall 160 and/or window wall 158 in length.
Like the floor panels 150, the prefabricated walls 152 may be installed in any suitable manner. For example, the prefabricated walls 152 may be attached or otherwise coupled to the structural frame 102 (e.g., to the beams 122 of the structural frame 102, to the columns 120 of the structural frame 102, etc.) and/or to the floor system 230. For example, each demising wall 154 may be installed adjacent (e.g., to and along) at least one floor beam 122 positioned between adjacent floor panels 150. Similarly, each end wall 156 may be installed adjacent (e.g., to and along) at least one floor beam 122 positioned at a terminal end of the building 100. Each utility wall 160 may be installed along a length of the building 100 and between adjacent floor beams 122, such as along a terminal side of the building 100. According to at least one example of the present disclosure, the prefabricated walls 152 may be installed to and between vertically adjacent beams 122. For example, the prefabricated walls 152 (e.g., the demising walls 154, the end walls 156, etc.) may be installed between a floor beam 122 of a vertically adjacent story 104 and a floor beam 122 of a vertically subjacent story 104. In this manner, the beams 122 of a vertically adjacent story 104 may extend adjacent (e.g., to and along) the tops of the prefabricated walls 152 of a vertically subjacent story 104.
Referring to
With continued reference to
The method 260 further includes coupling a prefabricated floor panel 150 to and between adjacent beams 122 (see block 268). As explained above, the prefabricated floor panel 150 may include opposite ends 190, opposite sides 192 extending between the opposite ends 190, and a plurality of joists 194 in a spaced arrangement and extending between the opposite ends 190. In such embodiments, the opposite ends 190 of each prefabricated floor panel 150 may be coupled to adjacent beams 122 with the opposite sides 192 extending between the adjacent beams 122. In one example, block 268 includes coupling a plurality of prefabricated floor panels 150 (e.g., three prefabricated floor panels 150) to and between each pair of adjacent beams 122, the plurality of prefabricated floor panels 150 abutting one another along the sides of the floor panels 150 (see
The method 260 includes coupling a variety of prefabricated walls 152 to define one or more building units 110 on each story 104 of the building 100. For example, and without limitation, the method 260 shown in
The method 260 may include additional steps in some examples. For instance, the method 260 may include coupling a second plurality of beams 132 to and between the first and second pluralities of columns 124, 126 (see block 274 in phantom). Each beam of the second plurality of beams 132 may extend above and along at least one prefabricated demising wall 154 or at least one end wall 156 positioned vertically subjacent to the second plurality of beams 132. In such examples, each beam of the second plurality of beams 132 may rest on the vertically subjacent demising or end wall 154, 156. The method 260 may include coupling a prefabricated second floor panel 150 to and between adjacent beams of the second plurality of beams 132 (see block 276 in phantom). In such embodiments, the underside of each prefabricated second floor panel 150 may define the ceiling of the vertically subjacent floor, as explained above.
As shown in
Irrespective of the spatial position of the first and second rows of columns 124, 126, the method 300 includes attaching a plurality of floor beams 122 to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126 such that the floor beams 122 extend substantially parallel to one another along the width W of the building 100 (see block 304). Once the floor beams 122 are attached to the first and second rows of columns 124, 126, the method 300 includes attaching a prefabricated floor panel 150 to and between adjacent floor beams 122 (see block 306). Thereafter, the method 300 includes attaching a prefabricated demising wall 154 to and along at least one of the floor beams 122 positioned between adjacent floor panels 150 (see block 308). The method 300 may then include attaching a prefabricated end wall 156 to and along at least one of the plurality of floor beams 122 positioned at the terminal ends of the building 100 (see block 310).
As shown, the method 300 also includes attaching a plurality of vertically adjacent floor beams to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126, the plurality of vertically adjacent floor beams attached to and along the tops of the prefabricated demising and end walls 156 of the vertically subjacent story 104 (see block 312). At block 314, the method 300 includes repeating blocks 302-312 in sequence until the building 100 includes a desired number of floors. In repeating blocks 302-312, the method 300 may include extending the lengths of the columns to achieve the desired number of stories 104.
The method 300 may include additional steps in some examples. For instance, the method 300 may include attaching at least one prefabricated utility wall 160 along one of the terminal sides of the building 100 (see block 316 in phantom). In such examples, each prefabricated utility wall 160 serves at least two stories 104 of the building 100, as outlined above. Additionally or alternatively, the method 300 may include attaching a window wall 158 along a terminal side of the building 100, such as on the terminal side of the building 100 opposing the prefabricated utility walls 160 (see block 318 in phantom).
With continued reference to
As illustrated, at block 348, the method 330 includes installing a prefabricated second floor end wall 156 above and along at least one of the second floor beams 132 positioned at terminal ends of the building 100. Once the second floor demising and end walls 154, 156 are installed, the method 330 includes installing a plurality of third floor beams 134 to and between the first and second rows of columns 124, 126 such that the third floor beams 134 extend along the width W of the building 100 above and along the prefabricated second floor demising walls 154 and the prefabricated second floor end walls 156 (see block 350). In the example method illustrated in
In some examples, the repeating step of block 354 may include extending the lengths of the columns to accommodate n floors. For example, additional lengths of column may be welded, attached, or otherwise coupled to the first and second rows of columns 124, 126 to accommodate additional stories 104 being added to the building 100. The columns 120 may be supplied in 1, 2, 3, or 4 story lengths (or any combination thereof). In this manner, additional lengths may be added to the columns 120 to accommodate any number of stories 104 in the building 100. In some examples, the method 330 may include installing a window wall 158 along a terminal side of the building 100, such as along the terminal side of the building 100 opposite the prefabricated utility wall 160 (see block 356 in phantom). Installing the window wall 158 may include attaching a window along corresponding tracks pre-installed on the prefabricated floor panels 150.
The blocks included in the described example methods are for illustration purposes. In some embodiments, the blocks may be performed in a different order. In some embodiments, two or more blocks may be performed concurrently. In other embodiments, the blocks may be performed serially, with subsequent blocks not being performed until all previous blocks are fully completed. In some embodiments, various blocks may be eliminated. In still other embodiments, various blocks may be divided into additional blocks, supplemented with other blocks, or combined together into fewer blocks. Other variations of the illustrative blocks are contemplated, including changes in the order of the blocks, changes in the content of the blocks being split or combined into other blocks, etc.
The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular examples described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and examples can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and examples are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only, and is not intended to be limiting.
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.).
It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to examples containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations).
Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markups groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.
As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 items refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 items. Similarly, a group having 1-5 items refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 items, and so forth.
The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
While various aspects and examples have been disclosed herein, other aspects and examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and examples disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
The present application is a non-provisional application that claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/505,666, filed on May 12, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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