Patent Grant
6915652
The present invention relates to a temperature controlled case of a type typically used for storage and display of chilled and/or frozen products, such as a store environment.
A typical cooling coil in a refrigerated case is constructed of metal, such as copper or aluminum and is often noticeable when mounted in a refrigerated case. Case manufacturers try to conceal this coil by placing an attractive cover over the coil or placing the coil in a hidden location, such as under a product shelf. However, although these methods may hide the coil, they do not make the case particularly attractive and may affect refrigeration efficiency.
Shelves in refrigeration cases are typically made from painted metal or stainless steel and may be used to cover a forced air evaporator mounted beneath the shelf, or there may be a gravity type coil may be mounted above the shelving. In such applications, the actual cooling of the product is generally achieved from the gravity type coil mounted above the shelf or from the forced air coil mounted below the shelf, which has certain disadvantages.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an improved temperature controlled case for storage and display of cooled and/or frozen products. It would also be desirable to provide a temperature controlled case which is efficient and esthetically pleasing. It would be further desirable to provide a temperature controlled case for use in a commercial store environment. It would be further desirable to provide a temperature controlled case having cooling devices above and below shelves for product storage. It would be further desirable to provide a temperature controlled case including gravity type coolant coils and gravity type louvers above the products and refrigerated pans beneath the product. It would be further desirable to provide a temperature controlled case including a defrost system for removing accumulated ice and frost from the gravity coils and refrigerated pans. It would be further desirable to provide a temperature controlled case including a defrost system configured to warm a coolant for circulation to the gravity coils and refrigerated pans. It would be further desirable to provide a temperature controlled case having a defrost system that uses air to warm the coolant for circulation to the gravity coils and the refrigerated pans.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a temperature controlled case having any one or more of these or other advantageous features.
One embodiment of the invention relates to temperature controlled case for storage and display of chilled or frozen products. The case includes at least one compartment for product storage, at least one access opening providing entrance to the compartment, at least one shelf within the compartment for holding the products and at least one cooling device above the shelf. A refrigeration system is operatively associated with the compartment to circulate a cooling medium through separate coolant supply and discharge lines to at least one of the cooling device and the shelf so that a desired temperature may be maintained within the compartment for storage of the products. A defrost system is configured to use ambient air to warm the cooling medium so that the warmed cooling medium may be circulated to defrost at least one of the cooling device and the shelf.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to a refrigeration device having a primary cooling system with a primary fluid communicating with a first heat exchanger and a secondary cooling system with a secondary fluid communicating with the first heat exchanger to cool the secondary fluid and communicating with at least one cooling device configured to provide cooling to a compartment to be cooled in a first mode of operation. The refrigeration device includes at least one coolant supply line and at least one coolant discharge line configured to circulate the secondary fluid through the at least one cooling device. A second heat exchanger communicates with the secondary cooling system and with a source of ambient air to warm the secondary fluid in a second mode of operation.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to a system for refrigeration of products. The system includes a case having a compartment defining a space configured to receive the products. A first heat exchanger is configured to cool a fluid communicating with the space to cool the objects. A second heat exchanger is configured to receive a heat supply from an air source to warm the fluid. At least one coolant supply line and at least one coolant discharge line are configured to direct the fluid in communication with the space.
According to any preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a temperature controlled case for storage and display of chilled and/or frozen products. The temperature controlled case includes cooling devices shown as at least one cooling coil above the product and a cooling shelf (e.g. refrigerated pan, shelf, etc.) beneath the products, including separate coolant supply and discharge lines for circulating a coolant from a coolant supply source to the cooling devices (e.g. coil and refrigerated shelf, etc.). The temperature controlled case also includes a refrigeration system having a primary cooling system having a primary coolant (e.g. direct expansion refrigerant, etc.) is configured to provide cooling in a heat exchanger (e.g. chiller, etc.) to a cooling medium such as a liquid secondary coolant (e.g. water, glycol, etc.) that is circulated through the cooling devices for cooling the products and the air within the case. The coils above the product include gravity type cooling coils and gravity type louvers with drains and preferably lighting included with the louver assembly. The refrigerated shelf beneath the products may includes one or more separate sections for holding the products. A defrost system is configured to warm the secondary coolant for circulation to at least one of the coil and the shelf.
Secondary coolant is circulated inside refrigerated pans or shelf 28 (e.g. through channels 26, etc.) which provide cooling. Pans or shelf 28 may be insulated on their underside to prevent heat transfer to the unused space below. Above the pans or shelf, the products 30 are shown placed in containers, desirably made of a metallic or otherwise heat-conductive material. Secondary coolant flows to and from cooling coils 12 and to and from the refrigerated shelf or pans 28 inside of flexible hoses 32 which may be equipped with valved quick-disconnect fittings to facilitate removal of the coils or shelf for cleaning or other maintenance.
Coolant supply header 34 and coolant return header 36 are shown placed in the back of the case for connection to the coils 12 and shelf 28. Chilled secondary coolant flows into coolant supply header 34 through coolant supply line 38 and the secondary coolant flows out of coolant return header 36 through a coolant return line 40, both of which may either be connected to a packaged chiller 42 or a centralized chiller for multiple cases or the entire facility, for chilling the secondary coolant.
Packaged chiller 42 may consist of a pump to provide flow of coolant and a heat exchanger to provide heat flow from the secondary coolant to a primary coolant, preferably a volatile refrigerant. Additional equipment may also be included to facilitate temperature controls, safety devices, and to defrost the coils and pans.
Chiller 42 is shown contained within a pedestal base 44 and intended to be hidden from view of the customer. According to an embodiment where a direct expansion system already exists within a store, a refrigerant liquid line 46 and suction line 48 can provide flow of a primary refrigerant to the packaged chiller, such as through a passage, shown as a refrigeration pit 50, already existing in the floor.
According to any preferred embodiment, the service case of the present invention includes an openable door 52 of a conventional type for access to products 30.
According to any preferred embodiment, the refrigerated shelf and coil are refrigerated by pumping a chilled liquid (e.g. secondary coolant) through the shelf. The refrigerated shelf may be a single shelf or may be divided into smaller sections for removal and case cleaning. The refrigerated shelves are supplied with chilled liquid secondary coolant by a chilled liquid header system. The header system includes a chilled liquid inlet header and a chilled liquid outlet header. The shelves are shown connected to the header system via liquid-tight connectors that allow the refrigerated shelves to be disconnected from the chilled liquid headers, without losing substantial amounts of the chilled liquid secondary coolant.
Conventional case designs using one single refrigerated shelf or plate tend to have certain disadvantages (e.g. the plate is generally large and difficult to manufacture, cannot be readily removed for cleaning, the weight may be too great for store personnel to remove, multiple sizes would be needed based on the case size, etc.).
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In order to control the coil separately from the refrigerated shelves, flow regulators 70 are shown installed between a chilled secondary coolant liquid supply header 72 and the coil 12. Another flow regulator 74 is shown installed between chilled secondary coolant liquid supply header 72 and the refrigerated shelves 28. According to an alternative embodiment, one flow regulator could be piped directly to the chilled secondary coolant liquid supply header with only one item having a flow regulator valve installed, so that one item (e.g. the refrigerated shelves) may be controlled based on the temperature of the chilled secondary coolant liquid supply header while the other item (e.g. the coil), may be controlled separately. With the refrigerated shelves being controlled by the temperature of the chilled secondary coolant liquid supply header, the coil will enter a defrost stage with the shelves. With separate flow regulating devices, the coil and refrigerated shelves are configured to be defrosted separately. Referring further to
During operation of the case, it is desirable to improve the precision in controlling the temperature of the products. The products are typically expensive, perishable items, and are typically required to be maintained within a temperature range mandated by an appropriate authority (e.g. the U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Therefore, the dual temperature control provided by the control system of the present invention allows flexible temperature control of the products within the case during normal operation.
According to a preferred embodiment, when the case is in a refrigerating mode the temperature of the refrigerated shelf will be controlled at the temperature desired for the products. According to one example, if the product was fresh beef, the temperature of the refrigerated shelf may be set at 30 degrees F. Because the fresh meat sits directly on the refrigerated shelves, the temperature of the meat will tend be held at 30 degrees F. The temperature of the coil may then be controlled at 28 degrees F. to maintain the temperature of the air in the case. The Applicants believe that by setting the temperature of the refrigerated shelves higher than the temperature of the coil, a very slow convection cooling effect will occur inside the case, causing very slow air movement over the product.
In addition to controlling the temperature of the air, when cycling the flow regulator to the coil based on the actual temperature of the coil, the Applicants believe that control of the amount of moisture being removed from the case can be improved. In a typical cases of a conventional type, a top coil is controlled to maintain product temperature. In contrast, according to any preferred embodiment of the case design of the present invention, the temperature of the product is mostly controlled by controlling the flow regulator to the refrigerated shelf, which permits the top coil to be controlled based on the temperature of the coil and the air in the case, which is believed to directly affect the humidity of the air within the case.
Controlling the humidity of the air within the case is desirable because products, such as fresh meat, seafood, etc. may need to maintain a high moisture level. In the case of fresh beef, the weight, look, and freshness of the beef are often determined by the liquid content of the beef. In the event that a coil operates at a very low temperature (such as in conventional cases) the coil tends to build an increased frost level. The frost is believed to result primarily from two sources. The first source is the operating environment, such as the humidity level in the building the case is installed in. The second source is the moisture content of the product (e.g. fresh meat, etc.). When the product, such as fresh meat, loses moisture in the form of frost on the coil, the product loses weight and tends to appear “dry.” The weight loss affects the profits from the sales of the product and the “dry” appearance of the product tends to affect a customer's desire to buy the product.
The control system of the present invention is intended to improve the control of the temperature of the coil using a flow regulator, so that a higher humidity level in the case may be maintained, and is intended to retain more of the moisture in the product, rather than permitting the moisture to accumulate into frost on the coil. The ability to control the temperature of the bottom shelves and maintain the temperature of the products by cycling the flow regulator to the shelf, permits the coil to be maintained at a separate and desired temperature level.
In a typical case of a conventional type, the case enters defrost and stops defrosting as one unit, i.e. all coils and refrigeration devices enter defrost at the same time, causing the temperature of the product to rise until the defrost cycle has ended. Then the temperatures of the case and the product are “pulled down” to the level of normal operation. This periodic rise in the temperature of the products tends to affect the product's life, color and bacterial growth.
According to any preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coil may be defrosted, while still providing chilled secondary coolant to cool the refrigerated pans. Next the refrigerated pans can be defrosted while the coil is remains refrigerated. Defrosting the coils and refrigerated pans separately permits the product to be continuously cooled by at least one cooling device, while the frost level is being reduced on the other. Although reducing the frost level is necessary in refrigerated case applications to maintain case performance and cooling capacity, the temperature change of the product during a defrost cycle is minimized when the product is continuously receiving cooling from at least one of the cooling devices.
In addition to defrosting the cooling devices at different times, the defrost times and duration of the cooling devices can vary. For example, in cases where the refrigerated shelves or pans are not as affected by frost as the coil, the coil can be defrosted more times a day than the refrigerated pans. Reducing the total amount of defrosts cycles tends to improve the ability to maintain the temperature of the product.
Referring to
During a defrost cycle, the warm liquid will be pumped from the warm liquid defrost header 84 through the coil and/or refrigerated pans. The warm liquid is intended to quickly defrost the cooling device by removing all frost from the device.
The defrost system comprises air cooled coil 82, fan 80, warm liquid defrost header 84 and all associated valves needed to bypass the chilled liquid that is normally sent to the top coil and pans. During a defrost cycle for a cooling device, the chilled liquid will be replaced with the fluid warmed by coil 82 and fan 80 and routed through warm liquid defrost header 84 to thaw frost from coil 12 and/or refrigerated pans 28.
According to a preferred embodiment, the liquid is warmed using the ambient air 88 from the store environment. According to an alternative embodiment, generating warm liquid for defrost may be conducted in the store's machine room using a plate-type heat exchanger and suitable valves and equipment. According to another alternative embodiment, warm liquid for defrost could be generated using a small holding tank with heating coils an electric heater.
Referring further to
It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the temperature controlled case with a defrost system using ambient air provided herein are illustrative only. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in these embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.
The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating configuration and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the inventions as expressed in the appended claims.
The present Application is a continuation in part of the following U.S. Patent Applications: U.S. application Ser. No. 10/223,760, titled “Service Case” led Aug. 19, 2002 now abandoned; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/222,767, titled “Refrigeration System” filed Aug. 17, 2002. The present Application claims the benefit of priority as available under 35 U.S.C. §§ 119(e) and 120 of the following applications (which are incorporated by reference): U.S. application Ser. No. 10/223,760, filed Aug. 19, 2002, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/314,196, filed Aug. 22, 2001; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/222,767, titled “Refrigeration System” filed Aug. 17, 2002, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/351,265 filed on Jan. 23, 2002 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/314,196, filed Aug. 22, 2001.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 10223760 | Aug 2002 | US |
| Child | 10804627 | US | |
| Parent | 10222767 | Aug 2002 | US |
| Child | 10223760 | US |
