Patent Application
20220042263
This section provides background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the disclosure. It should be understood that the statements in this section of this document are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Vehicle barrier systems are used to protect premises and people from the unauthorized entry of vehicles. Anti-ram vehicle barriers (AVB) systems or vehicle security barriers (VSB) are configured to stop motor vehicles, such as trucks, that crash into the barrier. Some AVBs are designed to stop vehicles that are intentionally crashed into the barrier in an attempt to enter the protected area for nefarious purposes.
Some anti-ram vehicle barriers are crash tested to ensure compliance with and obtain certification from a recognized standard. For example, the American Standard Test Method (ASTM F2656 and F3016), British Standard Institute (PAS 68) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Works Agreement (IWA 14-1).
The U.S. State Department (DOS) published the certification standard SD-STD-02.01 (Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers and Gates) in 1985. The test vehicle was specified as a medium-duty truck weighing 15,000 lb. (6800 kg) and the nominal velocities were 30 mph (50 km/h), 40 mph (65 km/h) and 50 mph (80 km/h). Penetration was measured from the pre-impact attack (front) side of the vehicle security barrier (VSB) and classified into three categories of penetration rating. In 2003, the standard was revised with measuring the penetration from the asset or protected (rear) side of the barrier and the limitation of permissible vehicle penetration to one meter (the highest level of penetration rating).
In 2007, the SD-STD-02.01 was replaced with ASTM F2656-07. This new standard included the medium-duty truck and added three new test vehicle types, a small passenger car, pickup truck, and a heavy goods truck. ASTM F2656-07 maintained three predetermined impact velocities for each vehicle category and penetration is measured from the rear face of the barrier and classified into four categories of penetration rating. The penetration ratings include P1 for less than or equal to 1 m (3.3 ft); P2 for 1.10 to 7 m (3.31 to 23.0 ft); P3 for 7.01 to 30 m (23.1 to 98.4 ft); and P4 for 30 m (98 ft) or greater. ASTM F2656 was revised in 2015 (ASTM F2656-15) to include two additional vehicle types, a full-sized sedan and a cab over/cab forward class 7 truck and it excluded the lowest penetration rating (P4). Vehicle categories include M-ratings: medium duty truck (15,000 lb.); C-rating: small passenger car (2,430 lb.); PU-rating: pickup truck (5,070 lb.); and H-ratings: heavy goods vehicle (65,000 lb.). As an example, an M-rating is an equivalent vehicle as a K-rating. An M50-P1 certified barrier has been tested by impacting a 15,000-lb. vehicle travelling perpendicular to the barrier at 50 mph and stopping the vehicle within 1 meter of the barrier.
ASTM F3016 establishes standards for anti-ram at low speeds. Whereas ASTM F2656 addresses greater speeds and different weight vehicles such as may be used in an intentional act, such as a terrorist attack, ASTM F3016 addresses standards for vehicle safety barriers to protect pedestrians and storefront property. Storefronts, bus stops, restaurant patios, sidewalks, propane tanks, and gasoline pumps are examples of protected areas particularly suited for F3016 type vehicle safety barriers. ASTM F3016 provides for a range of low impact speeds, 20 to 60 km/h (10 to 30 mph), with a 22,250 N (5,000 lb) test vehicle. Penetration ratings are based on displacement of the barrier into the protected area or maximum intrusion of the vehicle impactor nose into the protected area. The speed ratings are S10 (20 km/h; 10 mph); S20 (35 km/h; 20 mph); and S30 (50 km/h; 30 mph) and penetration ratings are P1 (less than or equal to 0.30 m; 1 ft) and P2 (0.31-1.22 m; 1 ft). Penetration of greater than P2 is a failure.
In 2005, the British Standard Institute (BSI) published PAS 68:2005 Specification for Vehicle Barriers: Fixed Bollards. The standard was expanded within two years to include other types of barriers, such as gates and road blockers. The 2013 version, “Impact Test Specifications for Vehicle Security Barrier Systems,” rates vehicle barrier systems based on six types of test vehicles, including seven test speeds, and penetration is measured from the rear (protected side) face of the barrier. PAS 68 defines the vehicle type, penetration, dispersion of debris and records the angle of the vehicle's approach. The PAS 68 rating includes a five-to-seven-part classification code, the includes: Classification of Test/Gross Weight of Vehicle (kg) (Vehicle Class)/Impact Speed/Angle of Impact: Distance Leading Edge of Load Bay travels beyond the Original Position of Rear Face/Dispersion Distance of major debris weighing 25 kg or more from the barrier to establish stand-off distance. For example, a barrier (bollard) tested by impact by a 7500 kg day cab (“V”) at a ninety-degree angle traveling 80 km/h and resulting in penetration of 7.5 m with significant debris scattered up to 20.0 m away would be designated as V/7500(N3)/80/90:7.5/20.0. The dispersion distance may be used to determine a stand-off distance for example to mitigate damage from a vehicle born improvised explosive device (VBIED).
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) recognized across 34 European countries has produced a standard CWA 16221 that combines details of PAS 68 and PAS 69. PAS 69 provides guidance on the barrier's use and installation.
In 2013, the International Works Agreement (IWA) 14-1:2013 was published to provide an international specification for crash-testing. The system was developed by government agencies, military bodies and providing companies from the USA, UK, Germany, Norway, Oman, Singapore, and Syria. This standard includes a merging of vehicle impact test specifications of the British PAS 68 and the American ASTM F2656. This international standard assesses vehicle barrier performance based on nine types of test vehicles with up to seven test speeds. Penetration is measured from the front (attack side) face of the AVB. The IWA 14 classification code represents Vehicle Impact Test/Gross Weight of Vehicle (Vehicle Class)/Impact Speed/Angle of Impact/Penetration beyond the original position of the Front/Impact face.
Vehicle safety barriers may be designated or marketed as crash-rated, certified, or engineer-rated. Certified or crash-rated systems have been crash-tested and certified by an independent testing facility pursuant to a referenced testing standard, e.g., ASTM, PAS, IWA. Engineered or engineer-rated systems have been designed and computer-analyzed to meet a designation within a referenced standard but not crashed tested or certified.
An exemplary bollard assembly includes a bottom plate having a front edge, an aft edge, and a longitudinal axis extending in a front-to-aft direction and a lateral axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, a pair of side bars, having front ends and aft ends, attached to a top plate surface of the bottom plate, and extending generally parallel to the longitudinal axis, and a bollard connected to the bottom plate between the pair of side bars.
Another exemplary bollard assembly includes a bottom plate having a front edge, an aft edge, and a longitudinal axis extending in a front-to-aft direction and a lateral axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a pair of side bars, having front ends and aft ends, attached to a top plate surface of the bottom plate and extending generally parallel to the longitudinal axis, a sleeve having a bottom end attached to the top plate surface between the pair of side bars, an internal bore, and a top opening, a bollard having a lower section located in the internal bore, and a latch moveable from a lock position fixedly securing the bollard to the sleeve and an unlock position allowing the bollard to be removed from the sleeve.
Another exemplary bollard assembly includes a bottom plate having a front edge, an aft edge, and a longitudinal axis extending in a front-to-aft direction and a lateral axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a pair of side bars, having front ends and aft ends, attached to a top plate surface of the bottom plate and extending generally parallel to the longitudinal axis, a front bar attached directly to the top plate surface proximate the front ends and extending to the pair of side bars, a sleeve having a bottom end attached to the top plate surface between the pair of side bars, an internal bore, and a top opening, a member directly connected to the sleeve and the front bar, a bollard having a lower section located in the internal bore, and a latch moveable from a lock position fixedly securing the bollard to the sleeve and an unlock position allowing the bollard to be removed from the sleeve.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of claimed subject matter.
The disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is emphasized that, in accordance with standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.
It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of various illustrative embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, a figure may illustrate an exemplary embodiment with multiple features or combinations of features that are not required in one or more other embodiments and thus a figure may disclose one or more embodiments that have fewer features or a different combination of features than the illustrated embodiment. Embodiments may include some but not all the features illustrated in a figure and some embodiments may combine features illustrated in one figure with features illustrated in another figure. Therefore, combinations of features disclosed in the following detailed description may not be necessary to practice the teachings in the broadest sense and are instead merely to describe particularly representative examples. In addition, the disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
An exemplary embodiment of the shallow mount safety bollard assembly 10 is crash-certified by a third-party independent test laboratory to ASTM F-3016-19 S30 P1 requirements. Engineer-rated ASTM F-3016 S10 and S20 test level shallow mount safety bollard assemblies are also disclosed. Single bollard units have been tested and certified to provide for customizable spacing.
Bollard 28 is connected to bottom plate 12 proximate front ends 22 of side bars 20a, 20b. Front ends 22 and aft ends 24 may be located inward of front edge 14 and aft edge 16. In the illustrated embodiments, a front bar 30 is attached directly to top plate surface 12a and extend to side bars 20a, 20b. Bollard assembly 10 may include one or more rebar sections 46 attached to side bars 20a, 20b. The one or more rebar sections 46 do not extend beyond the perimeter of the bottom plate. The one or more rebar sections provide reinforcement to the concrete that is poured on top of the bottom plate and do not provide support to the bollard assembly.
Bollard assembly 10 is constructed for example of steel members. In a non-limiting example, bottom plate is a 0.5-inch steel plate with a length, in the longitudinal direction, of approximately 48 inches and a width, in the lateral direction, of about 30 inches. Bollard 28 is an 8-inch pipe, for example schedule 40 pipe, having a length of approximately 46 to 48 inches. Side bars 20a, 20b and front bar 30 are planar steel members. In the illustrated examples, side bars 20a, 20b and front bar 30 have a vertical height of approximately 4 inches and a width of approximately 1 inch. The base 44 includes bottom plate 12, side bars 20a, 20b, and front bar 30. In this embodiment, base 44 has a base height 44H (
Referring in particular to
Referring to
Bollard 28 may include a plate 32 (
Sleeve 56 has a structure 70 positioned in internal bore 68 and that is cooperative with a bollard structure, for example extension 32b, to position the bollard in a blocking position. In an exemplary embodiment structure 70 includes a bottom semi-circular ring 72 having a first end 72a and a second end 72b and an upper semi-circular ring 74 having a third end 74a and a fourth end 74b. Upper semi-circular ring 74 is located above bottom semi-circular ring 72 relative to bottom end 56a and the bottom plate with third end 74a and fourth end 74b radially offset from first end 72a and second end 72b. A vertical slot 76 between the first and second ends 72a, 72b and the third and fourth ends 74a, 74b extends from top opening 66 to bottom end 56a and the bottom plate. Vertical slot 76 and receiver 62 (
Attachment and removal of bollard 28 is now described with reference to
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include such features, elements and/or states. As used herein, the terms “connect,” “connection,” “connected,” “in connection with,” and “connecting” may be used to mean in direct connection with or in connection with via one or more elements. Similarly, the terms “couple,” “coupling,” and “coupled” may be used to mean directly coupled or coupled via one or more elements.
The term “substantially,” “approximately,” and “about” is defined as largely but not necessarily wholly what is specified (and includes what is specified; e.g., substantially 90 degrees includes 90 degrees and substantially parallel includes parallel), as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. The extent to which the description may vary will depend on how great a change can be instituted and still have a person of ordinary skill in the art recognized the modified feature as still having the required characteristics and capabilities of the unmodified feature. In general, but subject to the preceding, a numerical value herein that is modified by a word of approximation such as “substantially,” “approximately,” and “about” may vary from the stated value, for example, by 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, or 15 percent.
The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The scope of the invention should be determined only by the language of the claims that follow. The term “comprising” within the claims is intended to mean “including at least” such that the recited listing of elements in a claim are an open group. The terms “a,” “an” and other singular terms are intended to include the plural forms thereof unless specifically excluded.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63061494 | Aug 2020 | US |
