Formation degradation, such as asphalt milling, mining, or excavating, may result in wear on attack tools. Consequently, many efforts have been made to extend the life of these tools. Examples of such efforts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,559 to Sionnet et at, U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,071 to Andersson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,475 to Graham et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6.051,079 to Andersson et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,098 to Beach, all of which are herein incorporated by reference for all that they disclose.
In one aspect of the invention, an attack tool is disclosed which comprises a wear-resistant base suitable for attachment to a driving mechanism. The wear-resistant base has a shank. A cemented metal carbide segment is bonded to the base and the shank has a wear-resistant surface. The wear-resistant surface has a hardness greater than 60 HRc and/or is work hardened.
In this disclosure, the abbreviation “HRc” stands for the Rockwell Hardness “C” scale, and the abbreviation “HK” stands for Knoop Hardness.
It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the Figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of embodiments of the methods of the present invention, as represented in the Figures is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of various selected embodiments of the invention.
The illustrated embodiments of the invention will best be understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. Those of ordinary skill in the art will, of course, appreciate that various modifications to the methods described herein may easily be made without departing from the essential characteristics of the invention, as described in connection with the Figures. Thus, the following description of the Figures is intended only by way of example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments.
Further, the tool 101 A may comprise a ratio of the length 350 of the first cemented metal carbide segment 302 to the length of the whole attack tool 351 which is 1/10 to 1/2; preferably the ratio is 1/7 to 1/2.5. The wear-resistant base 301 may have a length 360 that is at least half of the tool's length 351.
The first segment 302 A-E may comprise various geometries. The geometry may be optimized to move cuttings away from the tool 101, distribute impact stresses, reduce wear, improve degradation rates, protect other parts of the tool 101 A, and/or combinations thereof. The embodiments of
The second segment 303 A-F and superhard material may comprise many geometries. In
The second segment 303 A-F may comprise a region 1102 A-F proximate the second interface 305 (
The braze material 2101 may have a melting temperature from 700 to 1200 degrees Celsius; and preferably the melting temperature is from 800 to 970 degrees Celsius. The braze material may comprise silver, gold, copper nickel, palladium, boron, chromium, silicon, germanium, aluminum, iron, cobalt, manganese, titanium, tin, gallium, vanadium, phosphorus, molybdenum, platinum, or combinations thereof. The braze material 2101 may comprise 30 to 60 weight percent nickel, 30 to 62 weight percent palladium, and 3 to 15 weight percent silicon; preferably the first braze material 2101 may comprise 47.2 weight percent nickel, 46.7 weight percent palladium, and 6.1 weight percent silicon. Active cooling during brazing may be critical in some embodiments, since the heat from brazing may leave some residual stress in the bond between the second carbide segment and the superhard material. The second carbide segment 303 K may comprise a length of 0.1 to 2 inches. The superhard material 306 K may be 0.020 to 0.100 inches away from the interface 305 K. The further away the superhard material 306 K is, the less thermal damage is likely to occur during brazing. Increasing the distance 2104 between the interface 305 K and the superhard material 306 K, however, may increase the moment on the second carbide segment and increase stresses at the interface 305 K upon impact.
The first interface 304 K may comprise a second braze material 2102 which may have a melting temperature from 800 to 1200 degrees Celsius. The second braze material 2102 may comprise 40 to 80 weight percent copper, 3 to 20 weight percent nickel, and 3 to 45 weight percent manganese; preferably the second braze material 2101 may comprise 67.5 weight percent copper, 9 weight percent nickel, and 23.5 weight percent manganese.
Further, the first cemented metal carbide segment 302 K may comprise an upper end 601 K and the second cemented metal carbide segment may have a lower end 602, wherein the upper and lower ends 601 K, 602 K are substantially equal.
The interface 304 between the wear-resistant base 301 and the first segment 302 may be planar, and the interface 305 between the first and second segments 302, 303 may also be planar. Further, the second braze material 2102 may comprise 50 to 70 weight percent of copper, and the first braze material 2101 may comprise 40 to 50 weight percent palladium.
The tool 101 L may be actively cooled as it is being brazed. Specifically, the superhard material 306 L may be actively cooled. A heat sink 2370 may be placed over at least part of the second segment 303 L to remove heat during brazing. Water or other fluid may be circulated around the heat sink 2370 to remove the heat. The heat sink 2370 may also be used to apply a force on the tool 101 L to hold it together while brazing.
The insert 2402 may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of diamond, natural diamond, polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, vapor-deposited diamond, diamond grit, polycrystalline diamond grit, cubic boron nitride grit, chromium, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, niobium, a cemented metal carbide, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, zircon, silicon carbide, whisker reinforced ceramics, diamond impregnated carbide, diamond impregnated matrix, silicon bonded diamond, or combinations thereof as long as the hardness of the material is greater than 60 HRc. Having an insert 2402 that is harder than the metal segment 2401 may decrease the wear on the metal segment 2401. The insert 2402 may comprise a cross-sectional thickness of 0.030 to 0.500 inches. The insert 2402 may comprise an axial length 2451 less than an axial length 2450 of the metal segment 2402, and the insert 2402 may comprise a length shorter than a circumference 2470 of the metal segment 2401 proximate the shank 2104. The insert 2402 may be brazed to the metal segment 2401 M. The insert 2402 may be a ceramic with a binder comprising 4 to 35 weight percent of the insert. The insert 2402 may also be polished.
The base 301 M may have a ledge 2403 substantially normal to an axial length of the tool 101 M, the axial length being measured along the axis 2405 shown. At least a portion of a perimeter 2460 of the insert 2402 may be within 0.5 inches of the ledge 2403. If the ratio of the length 350 M of the first cemented metal carbide segment 302 M to the length of the whole attack tool 351 M may be 1/10 to 1/2, the wear-resistant base 301 M may comprise as much as 9/10 to 1/2 of the tool 101 M. An insert's axial length 2451 may not exceed the length of the wear-resistant base's length 360 M. The insert's perimeter 2460 may extend to the edge 2461 of the wear-resistant base 301 M, but the first carbide segment 302 M may be free of an insert 2402. The insert 2402 may be disposed entirely on the wear-resistant base 301 M. Further, the metal segment 2401 may comprise a length 2450 which is greater than the insert's length 2451; the perimeter 2460 of the insert 2402 may not extend beyond the ledge 2403 of the metal segment 2401 or beyond the edge of the metal segment 2461.
Inserts 2402 may also aid in tool rotation. Attack tools 101 M often rotate within their holders upon impact which allows wear to occur evenly around the tool 101 M. The inserts 2402 may be angled such so that it causes the tool 101 M to rotate within the bore of the holder.
The shank 2104 U and 2104 V and the metal segment 2401 T (
The wear-resistant surface 3202 U and 3202 V may comprise a cemented metal carbide, chromium, manganese, nickel, titanium, hard surfacing, diamond, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond, vapor deposited diamond, aluminum oxide, zircon, silicon carbide, whisker reinforced ceramics, diamond impregnated carbide, diamond impregnated matrix, silicon bonded diamond, or combinations thereof. The wear-resistant surface 3202 U and 3202 V may be bonded to the shank 2104 U and 2104 V though the processes of electroplating, cladding, electroless plating, thermal spraying, annealing, hard facing, applying high pressure, hot dipping, brazing, or combinations thereof. The surface 3202 U and 3202 V may have a thickness of 0.001 to 0.200 inches. The surface 3202 U and 3202 V may be polished. The shank 2104 U and 2104 V may also comprise layers. A core 3201 U and 3201 V may comprise steel, surrounded by a layer of another material, such as tungsten carbide. There may be one or more intermediate layers 3310 between the core 3201 V and the wear-resistant surface 3202 V that may help the wear-resistant surface 3202 V bond to the core. The wear-resistant surface 3202 V may also comprise a plurality of layers. The plurality of layers may comprise different characteristics selected from the group consisting of hardness, modulus of elasticity, strength, thickness, grain size, metal concentration, weight, and combinations thereof. The wear-resistant surface 3202 V may comprise chromium having a hardness of 65 to 75 HRc.
Referring to the embodiment of
Referring now to
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/463,990, which was filed on Aug. 11, 2006 and is now U.S. Pat. No. 7,320,050. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/463,990 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/463,975 which was filed on Aug. 11, 2006 and entitled An Attack Tool and is now U.S. Pat. No. 7,445,294. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/463,975 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/463,962 which was filed on Aug. 11, 2006 and entitled An Attack Tool and is now U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,256. All of these applications and now patents are herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11463990 | Aug 2006 | US |
Child | 11927917 | US | |
Parent | 11463975 | Aug 2006 | US |
Child | 11463990 | US | |
Parent | 11463962 | Aug 2006 | US |
Child | 11463975 | US |